DOCSLIB.ORG

A Metamodeling Level Transformation from UML Sequence Diagrams to Coq

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Metamodeling Level Transformation from UML Sequence Diagrams to Coq A metamodeling level transformation from UML sequence diagrams to Coq Chao Li, Liang Dou and Zongyuan Yang East China Normal University Shanghai, China email: [email protected], ldou,yzyuan @cs.ecnu.edu.cn { } Abstract. Modeling is an important aspect of UML formal verifica- tion that directly affects the quality and efficiency of the verification. Formal models are the foundation of formal verification. As UML dia- grams only have semi-formal semantics, they cannot be used for formal verification directly. Recent studies present model transformation from semi-formal UML models to formal models to solve the issues. In this paper, a metamodeling level transformation tool from UML sequence diagrams to formal Coq codes is presented. Using Kermeta (a metamod- eling language) and predefined transformation rules that directly added to the metamodel of UML sequence diagrams, models of UML sequence diagrams are transformed into XMI, an intermediate format, and finally to formal Coq codes. This paper is part of our formal verification work for UML sequence diagrams, and the automatically generated Coq codes can be used for further formal verification using the theorem proof assistant Coq in our related works. This paper perfects the whole verification work and provides useful support to improve the integration density of formal verification in the formalization process of UML sequence diagrams. Keywords: UML sequence diagrams, model transformation, formal verifica- tion, metamodeling, Kermeta, Coq. 1 Introduction Unified Modeling Language (UML) [1] is standardized by Object Management Group (OMG), and has a set of notations to specify and model target system at varying levels of abstraction. For its powerful modelling capability, UML is increasingly popular in the design stage of model-based software development. Despite the wide use of UML, a number of problems have been identified due to its semi-formal semantics. For example, a developer’s understanding of UML models may differ from the designer’s understanding, tools for analyzing UML models may be limited to syntactic analysis [2], and system flaws may fail to be revealed in the design phase. In order to provide UML correct foundation of formal semantics, formal methods are getting popular to analyze UML mod- els. Formal methods are the application of precise mathematical fundamentals and techniques to specify systems (formal specification) [3], and provide a sys- tematical way to check the soundness and correctness of system models (formal 147 C.Li et al. A metamodeling level transformation from UML sequence diagrams to Coq verification) [4]. Hence, UML formal verification (UFV) makes up for the defi- ciencies of UML itself and eliminates the inconsistency of different understanding to system design. UML sequence diagrams have been widely used in the early stage of software development process. Different objects or processes are represented by parallel vertical lines in a sequence diagram. Objects or processes communicate with each other via messages that are represented by horizontal arrows. UML sequence diagrams play an important role in helping developers understand the runtime behaviours of system. Thus, it is important to verify the models when using UML sequence diagrams in the design stage. A great deal of UFV works have been done, most of them focus on two as- pects: the transformation rules from models of UML diagrams to formal models, and the verification process based on the formal models. In previous work [5] [6], we presented formal semantics of UML sequence diagrams and implemented formal verification of the correctness of the semantics in Coq [7], but the transfor- mation for UML sequence diagrams to Coq presentations is implemented man- ually and transformation rules are not presented systematically. Manual trans- formation has low efficiency in dealing with large scale models. In this work, we present the systematic transformation rules, and implement the automatic meta- modeling level transformation from UML sequence diagrams models to formal Coq presentations, which is the foundation for further formal verification. We have developed a prototype transformation tool using metamodeling languages Kermeta [8]. Metamodeling is the process to define a modeling language completely and precisely. The abstract syntax of modeling language is described by a metamodel, which is also defined in a metamodeling language. A metamodeling language is a superior language to describe modeling languages and it is also defined with a metamodel. The metamodel of a metamodeling language is called meta- metamodel, which is self-descibing [9]. Model transformation is used to create new models based on existing models. In stead of creating models from scratch, model transformation enables the reuse of information that was once modeled. Metamodeling level transformation ensures that the target model confirms to the target metamodel specification, hence, the transformation is syntactically correct. In addition, metamodeling and model transformation are fully supported by Kermeta. Kermeta is an executable metamodeling language which supports metamodeling level transformation. Moreover, Kermeta stores data of model and metamodels in XML Metadata Interchage (XMI) files, which is widely used among different modeling tools. Hence, it is sufficient for Kermeta to transform UML sequence diagrams to Coq. The rest of the paper is structured as follows. Firstly, the related work is reviewed in Section 2. Section 3 recalls the model transformation in Kermeta and briefly introduces Coq. Transformation rules and a case study are showed in Section 4. Finally, we conclude in Section 5. 148 C.Li et al. A metamodeling level transformation from UML sequence diagrams to Coq 2 Related Work A variety of formalization work has been proposed for UML diagrams over the years. A formal framework is provided to support visual simulation of UML models that composed of class, object, state, sequence and collaboration dia- grams, and an integrated semantics of these models is presented in [11]. How- ever, it only focus on the semantics building and transformation rules of UML diagrams, but further verification of modeling process is not considered. In [12], some useful rules for transforming sequence diagram to petri net are presented, but the transformation process in that work is done manually. In [13], conven- tional programming language, Java, is used to navigate, create, read or delete models and model elements via specific libraries, all the transformations are at modeling level. However, we use the metamodeling language Kermeta to imple- ment a metamodeling transformation tool, which can transform models of UML sequence diagrams to formal presentations and ensure the syntactic correctness of the transformation at the same time. In [14] [15], UML state diagrams or activity diagrams are firstly formalized with operational semantics, and then translated into input code of formal verification, but they do not provide an automatic transformation tool. In contrast, an automatic translation of state charts and sequence diagrams into generalized stochastic nets is proposed in [16] [17], and their transformation are at metamodeling level. Our work not only presents transformation rules at metamodeling level, but also implement a transformation process from UML sequence diagrams to Coq codes automatically in Kermeta. The generated codes can be used for further formal verification. 3 Background 3.1 Metamodeling and Model Transformation in Kermeta Kermeta is an executable metamodeling language which supports describing both structures and behaviours of metamodels. Kermeta is integrated with Eclipse, and distributed as Eclipse plug-in. It is fully compatible with the OMG Essential Meta-Object Facility (EMOF) [18] and Ecore of Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) [19]. It provides an action language to specify the body of operations in metamodels. The action language of Kermeta is imperative and object-oriented. It also integrates aspect-oriented features, and supports some design-by-contract features. As Kermeta relies on EMF for model storage, regular EMF metamodels, Ecore files, can be used. These metamodels can be created and edited using the generic model editor provided with the EMF. Operations can be added to any class in metamodels using the action language provided by Kermeta. In addition, once the source metamodel is created, source model that confirms to the source metamodel can be generated manually using the model editor. Model transformation in Kermeta takes one source model as input, and pro- duces one target model as output. Both source model and target model should 149 C.Li et al. A metamodeling level transformation from UML sequence diagrams to Coq conform to specific metamodel or abstract syntax, and transformation rules should be defined to drive the transformation. That is, given the source model, source and target metamodel (or abstract syntax), and transformation rules, target model can be generated automatically. In order to write a model transformation in Kermeta, the source and target metamodels (or abstract syntax) should be defined at first. In our work, UML sequence diagrams is the source modeling language and Coq is the target mod- eling language. Metamodel of UML sequence diagrams and abstract syntax of Coq are explained in the following sections. 3.2 Metamodel of UML Sequence Diagrams Figure 1 displays the metamodel of UML sequence diagrams which has been defined in Ecore using the EMF editor. This metamodel has been simplified, but covers
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Metamodeling and Method Engineering with Conceptbase”
    This is a pre-print of the book chapter M. Jeusfeld: “Metamodeling and method engineering with ConceptBase” . In Jeusfeld, M.A., Jarke, M., Mylopoulos, J. (eds): Metamodeling for Method Engineering, pp. 89-168. The MIT Press., 2009; the original book is available from MIT Press http://mitpress.mit.edu/node/192290 This pre-print may only be used for scholar, non-commercial purposes. Most of the sources for the examples in this chapter are available via http://merkur.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/pub/bscw.cgi/3782591 for download. They require ConceptBase 7.0 or later available from http://conceptbase.cc. Metamodeling and Method Engineering with ConceptBase Manfred Jeusfeld Abstract. This chapter provides a practical guide on how to use the meta data repository ConceptBase to design information modeling methods by using meta- modeling. After motivating the abstraction principles behind meta-modeling, the language Telos as realized in ConceptBase is presented. First, a standard factual representation of statements at any IRDS abstraction level is defined. Then, the foundation of Telos as a logical theory is elaborated yielding simple fixpoint semantics. The principles for object naming, instantiation, attribution, and specialization are reflected by roughly 30 logical axioms. After the language axiomatization, user-defined rules, constraints and queries are introduced. The first part is concluded by a description of active rules that allows the specification of reactions of ConceptBase to external events. The second part applies the language features of the first part to a full-fledged information modeling method: The Yourdan method for Modern Structured Analysis. The notations of the Yourdan method are designed along the IRDS framework.
    [Show full text]
  • OMG Meta Object Facility (MOF) Core Specification
    Date : October 2019 OMG Meta Object Facility (MOF) Core Specification Version 2.5.1 OMG Document Number: formal/2019-10-01 Standard document URL: https://www.omg.org/spec/MOF/2.5.1 Normative Machine-Readable Files: https://www.omg.org/spec/MOF/20131001/MOF.xmi Informative Machine-Readable Files: https://www.omg.org/spec/MOF/20131001/CMOFConstraints.ocl https://www.omg.org/spec/MOF/20131001/EMOFConstraints.ocl Copyright © 2003, Adaptive Copyright © 2003, Ceira Technologies, Inc. Copyright © 2003, Compuware Corporation Copyright © 2003, Data Access Technologies, Inc. Copyright © 2003, DSTC Copyright © 2003, Gentleware Copyright © 2003, Hewlett-Packard Copyright © 2003, International Business Machines Copyright © 2003, IONA Copyright © 2003, MetaMatrix Copyright © 2015, Object Management Group Copyright © 2003, Softeam Copyright © 2003, SUN Copyright © 2003, Telelogic AB Copyright © 2003, Unisys USE OF SPECIFICATION - TERMS, CONDITIONS & NOTICES The material in this document details an Object Management Group specification in accordance with the terms, conditions and notices set forth below. This document does not represent a commitment to implement any portion of this specification in any company's products. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. LICENSES The companies listed above have granted to the Object Management Group, Inc. (OMG) a nonexclusive, royalty-free, paid up, worldwide license to copy and distribute this document and to modify this document and distribute copies of the modified version. Each of the copyright holders listed above has agreed that no person shall be deemed to have infringed the copyright in the included material of any such copyright holder by reason of having used the specification set forth herein or having conformed any computer software to the specification.
    [Show full text]
  • Metamodeling the Enhanced Entity-Relationship Model
    Metamodeling the Enhanced Entity-Relationship Model Robson N. Fidalgo1, Edson Alves1, Sergio España2, Jaelson Castro1, Oscar Pastor2 1 Center for Informatics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife(PE), Brazil {rdnf, eas4, jbc}@cin.ufpe.br 2 Centro de Investigación ProS, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, España {sergio.espana,opastor}@pros.upv.es Abstract. A metamodel provides an abstract syntax to distinguish between valid and invalid models. That is, a metamodel is as useful for a modeling language as a grammar is for a programming language. In this context, although the Enhanced Entity-Relationship (EER) Model is the ”de facto” standard modeling language for database conceptual design, to the best of our knowledge, there are only two proposals of EER metamodels, which do not provide a full support to Chen’s notation. Furthermore, neither a discussion about the engineering used for specifying these metamodels is presented nor a comparative analysis among them is made. With the aim at overcoming these drawbacks, we show a detailed and practical view of how to formalize the EER Model by means of a metamodel that (i) covers all elements of the Chen’s notation, (ii) defines well-formedness rules needed for creating syntactically correct EER schemas, and (iii) can be used as a starting point to create Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools for EER modeling, interchange metadata among these tools, perform automatic SQL/DDL code generation, and/or extend (or reuse part of) the EER Model. In order to show the feasibility, expressiveness, and usefulness of our metamodel (named EERMM), we have developed a CASE tool (named EERCASE), which has been tested with a practical example that covers all EER constructors, confirming that our metamodel is feasible, useful, more expressive than related ones and correctly defined.
    [Show full text]
  • 11. Metadata, Metamodelling, and Metaprogramming
    11. Metadata, Metamodelling, and Metaprogramming 1. Searching and finding components 2. Metalevels and the metapyramid 3. Metalevel architectures 4. Metaobject protocols (MOP) Prof. Dr. Uwe Aßmann 5. Metaobject facilities (MOF) Technische Universität Dresden 6. Metadata as component markup Institut für Software- und Multimediatechnik http://st.inf.tu-dresden.de 14-1.0, 23-Apr-14 CBSE, © Prof. Uwe Aßmann 1 Mandatory Literature ► ISC, 2.2.5 Metamodelling ► OMG MOF 2.0 Specification http://www.omg.org/spec/MOF/2.0/ ► Rony G. Flatscher. Metamodeling in EIA/CDIF — Meta-Metamodel and Metamodels. ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation, Vol. 12, No. 4, October 2002, Pages 322–342. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/643120.643124 Prof. U. Aßmann, CBSE 2 Other Literature ► Ira R. Forman and Scott H. Danforth. Metaclasses in SOM-C++ (Addision- Wesley) ► Squeak – a reflective modern Smalltalk dialect http://www.squeak.org ► Scheme dialect Racket ► Hauptseminar on Metamodelling held in SS 2005 ► MDA Guide http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?omg/03-06-01 ► J. Frankel. Model-driven Architecture. Wiley, 2002. Important book on MDA. ► G. Kizcales, Jim des Rivieres, and Daniel G. Bobrow. The Art of the Metaobject Protocol. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1991 ► Gregor Kiczales and Andreas Paepcke. Open implementations and metaobject protocols. Technical report, Xerox PARC, 1997 Prof. U. Aßmann, CBSE 3 Literature on Open Languages ► Shigeru Chiba and Takashi Masuda. Designing an extensible distributed language with a meta-level architecture. In O. Nierstrasz, editor, European Conference on Object-oriented Programming (ECOOP '93), number 707 in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 483-502.
    [Show full text]
  • Consideration of Risk and Safety in Metamodeling System of Stratification
    405 Consideration of Risk and Safety in Metamodeling System of Stratification Valdemar Vitlinskyi Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, 54/1, Peremohy Ave., Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine [email protected] Vyacheslav Glushchevsky Zaporizhzhya National University, 9, Engineer Preobrazhensky Ave., Zaporizhia, 69000, Ukraine [email protected] Abstract. The development of the concept and tools of stratification metamodeling (SMM) is proposed, which is a new object-oriented methodological approach to the synthesis of a complex model of the economic system (enterprise), in particular, in order to distinguish the set of variants of the combination of heterogeneous object-components of its various strata into a single hierarchical structure. It is emphasized that it is necessary to consider conceptual provisions and tools for evaluation and management of such systemic characteristics as safety and risk in the system of the SMM in order to increase the sustainability of the economic system under consideration. Keywords: risk management, economic security, stratification of hierarchical systems, metamodeling, architectural methodology, enterprise reference modeler, informational technologies. 1 Introduction Socioeconomic systems (SES), first of all anthropogenic microeconomic systems, objectively inherent risks that are permanently modified in the dynamic environment, conflict with each other, creating new, unknown till present time risks. By substantially reducing one of the risk groups, we can thus increase the risks associated with another group. The multidimensionality of these risks permanently creates threats to the economic security of the SES. In our opinion, economic security is an integrated system characteristic, which depends on the stability, the permissible level of risk, the controllability of parameters in order to ensure the development and protection of vital economic interests of the individual and society, economic stability of the subjects of economic relations and the economy as a whole [1].
    [Show full text]
  • What Is a Metamodel: the OMG's Metamodeling Infrastructure
    Modeling and metamodeling in Model Driven Development What is a metamodel: the OMG’s metamodeling infrastructure Warsaw, May 14-15th 2009 Gonzalo Génova [email protected] http://www.kr.inf.uc3m.es/ggenova/ Knowledge Reuse Group Universidad Carlos III de Madrid What is a metamodel: the OMG’s metamodeling infrastructure 1 Structure of the seminar On the difference between What is a model: analysis and design syntax and semantics models What is a metamodel: Metamodeling directed the OMG’s metamodeling relationships in UML infrastructure By the way, what does this diagram mean, what is its syntax? What is a metamodel: the OMG’s metamodeling infrastructure 2 Sources • Jean Bézivin – Model Engineering for Software Modernization. • The 11th IEEE Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, Delft, November 8th-12th 2004. – On the unification power of models. • Software and Systems Modeling 4(2): 171–188, May 2005. • Colin Atkinson, Thomas Kühne – Model-Driven Development: A Metamodeling Foundation. • IEEE Software 20(5): 36-41, Sep-Oct 2003. – Reducing Accidental Complexity in Domain Models. • Software and Systems Modeling 7(3): 345-359, July 2008. • My own ideas and elaboration. What is a metamodel: the OMG’s metamodeling infrastructure 3 Table of contents 1. Introduction: definitions of metamodel 2. Representation and conformance 3. The four metamodeling layers 4. Metamodel and semantic domain 5. A case of metamodel/domain mismatch 6. Conclusions What is a metamodel: the OMG’s metamodeling infrastructure 4 Introduction: definitions of metamodel What is a metamodel: the OMG’s metamodeling infrastructure 5 What is a metamodel (according to Google definitions) • If someone still believes there is a commonly accepted definition..
    [Show full text]
  • Metamodeling Wireless Communication in Cyber-Physical Systems
    Metamodeling wireless communication in cyber-physical systems Kay Smarsly, Theresa Fitz and Dmitrii Legatiuk Bauhaus University Weimar, Germany [email protected] Abstract. With recent developments in embedded sensing technologies, cyber-physical systems, materializing Industry 4.0 concepts, are increasingly implemented in civil engineering to advance structural health monitoring (SHM) and control applications. Recent studies have shown the potential of metamodels enabling information integration and interoperability between different platforms and technologies, while metamodeling of cyber-physical systems has been scarce. In this study, a metamodel for describing cyber-physical systems, putting emphasis on communication issues, is proposed and implemented into a SHM and control system. The metamodel is mapped into the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) data schema that is standardized for describing structures compliant to the principles of building information modeling (BIM). Finally, the metamodel proposed in this study is validated by IFC-compliant, BIM-based example modeling and implementation of a cyber-physical system designed to monitor and control a laboratory test structure. 1. Introduction Through the Internet of Things concept and the progress made in Industry 4.0 technologies, cyber-physical systems applied in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM) and control evolve by achieving higher degrees of interconnection (Rajkumar et al. 2010), by cognitive automation (Ibanez et al. 2019), and by shifting the process of data collection and processing into cloud-based applications (OGC 2019). Cyber-physical systems integrate mechanical and electrical components in intelligent networks realizing computational and physical processes (Lee 2008). The term “intelligent” denotes the embedment of algorithms and data processing capabilities into nodes forming networks, such as sensor networks for SHM and control, in which sensor data, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • 993314 02.Pdf (5.272Mb)
    COGNITIVE SKILLS IN MODELING AND SIMULATION Volume II A Dissertation by RICHARD J. MAYER Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A&M University partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December 1988 Major Subject: Industrial Engineering RICHARD J. MAYER ALL RIGHTS RESERVED COGNITIVE SKILLS IN MODELING AND SIMULATION Volume II A Dissertation by RICHARD J. MAYER Approved as to style and content by: Don T. Phillips (Chair of Committee) Leland T. Blank Peter J. Sharpe (Member) (Member) •i. 7 c* . " u '.1 v-v Donald K. Friesen Guy H. Bailey7 (Member) (Member) G. Kemblef^ennett (Head of Department) December 1988 Ill TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Volume I 1 INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 1 1.1 Research Goals 1 1.2 Research Objectives 2 1.3 Background 2 1.3.1 New Paradigms for Simulation 5 1.3.2 Summary of Previous Research 8 1.4 Statement of Major Hypotheses 13 1.4.1 Methodological (Conceptual) Contributions to AI Foundations 16 1.4.2 AI Hypothesis Testing 16 1.5 Approach and Products 17 1.5.1 Research Products 18 1.6 Organization of the Dissertation 20 1.6.1 Summary of Section Contents 20 2 CHARACTERIZATION OF COGNITIVE PROCESSES 22 2.1 Overview of the Process 22 2.2 Perception of Systems 25 2.2.1 Formulating System Descriptions 25 2.2.2 Planning and Understanding 32 2.2.2.1 Goal Detection 34 2.2.2.2 Plan Proposing 35 2.2.2.3 Plan Projection 36 2.2.3 Reasoning With Common Sense Theories of System Dynamics 37 2.3 Identification of Symptoms and Concerns 39 IV TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page 2.4 Performing Problem Analysis 40 2.5 Problem Solving 42 2.5.1 Characteristic Driven Design 43 2.5.2 External Constraint Driven Design 43 2.5.3 Element Driven Design 44 2.5.4 Formulation of Analysis Goals and Model Require¬ ments ...
    [Show full text]
  • A Domain Specific Modeling Language Framework (DSL) for Representative Medical Prescription by Using Generic Modeling Environment (GME)
    International Journal of Engineering and Modern Technology E-ISSN 2504-8848 P-ISSN 2695-2149 Vol 6 No 2 2020 www.iiardpub.org A Domain Specific Modeling Language Framework (DSL) for Representative Medical Prescription by using Generic Modeling Environment (GME) Llahm Omar Faraj Ben Dalla1, Ali Mohammed Ameer El-sseid2, Tarik Milod Alarbi Ahmad3, Mohammed Ali Mohammed El-sseid4 Software Engineering Department1, Medical research departement2, Computer Engineering Department3, Software Engineering Department4 Sebha Technical Uniersity1, Sebha University2, University of Gharyan3, Sebha Technical University4 Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract This paper introduces and propose a domain specific modeling language for representing medical Prescription. the flow of the Prescription between different users and different parts of a system. Furthermore, this research study will define a meta-modeling for this language by using Generic Modeling Environment (GME) DevOps and introduce domain specific language DSL. In addition, after defining the meta-model for this study language will be automatically generated by using automated tool support of the (GME) DevOps. In addition, the result of this beneficial study is important for several domains such as industrial world, educational world, medical world as well as scientific world in addition researchers who aimed for some investigations outcome based on Generic Modeling Environment (GME) DevOps usage. Keywords: metamodel, modeling language , GME, Generic Modeling Environment, Domain Specific language I. Introduction Prescriptions may be entered into an electronic medical record system and transmitted electronically to a pharmacy. Alternatively, a prescription may be handwritten on preprinted prescription forms that are assembled into pads, or printed onto similar forms using a computer printer [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Metamodeling for Method Engineering
    Metamodeling for Method Engineering Edited by Manfred A. Jeusfeld, Matthias Jarke, John Mylopoulos The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England 6 2009 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. MIT Press books may be purchased at special quantity discounts for business or sales promotional use. For information, please email [email protected] or write to Special Sales Department, The MIT Press, 5 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142. This book was set in Times New Roman and Syntax on 3B2 by Asco Typesetters, Hong Kong. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Metamodeling for method engineering / edited by Manfred A. Jeusfeld, Matthias Jarke, John Mylopoulos. p. cm. — (Cooperative information systems) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-262-10108-0 (hc : alk. paper) 1. Programming (Mathematics) 2. Engineering models. I. Jeusfeld, Manfred. II. Jarke, Matthias. III. Mylopoulos, John. IV. Series. T57.7.M48 2009 003 0.3—dc22 2008047203 10987654321 Index Note: The letter t following a page number denotes a table, the letter f denotes a figure, and the letter n denotes an endnote. Abiteboul, S., 49 ARIS House and Toolkit, 50, 51, 63–65, 66f Abrial, J.-R., 6, 7, 9 Aristotle, 3 Abstract classes, 300, 301–302, 303, 305, 310, 311, Armenise, P., 58 322 Artifact focus of method engineering, 89–90, 154 Abstractionism, 4 Artificial intelligence, 10, 12, 26, 28, 170–171 Abstraction levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Ontology-Based Metamodeling
    Preprint version of: Hinkelmann, K., Laurenzi, E., Martin, A., & Thönssen, B. (2018). Ontology-based metamodeling. In R. Dornberger (Ed.), Business Information Systems and Technology 4.0. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74322-6_12 Ontology-Based Metamodeling Knut Hinkelmann, Emanuele Laurenzi, Andreas Martin and Barbara Thönssen Abstract Decision makers use models to understand and analyze a situation, to compare alternatives and to find solutions. Additionally, there are systems that sup- port decision makers through data analysis, calculation or simulation. Typically, modeling languages for humans and machine are different from each other. While humans prefer graphical or textual models, machine-interpretable models have to be represented in a formal language. This chapter describes an approach to model- ing that is both cognitively adequate for humans and processable by machines. In addition, the approach supports the creation and adaptation of domain-specific mod- eling languages. A metamodel which is represented as a formal ontology determines the semantics of the modeling language. To create a graphical modeling language, a graphical notation can be added for each class of the ontology. Every time a new modeling element is created during modeling, an instance for the corresponding class is created in the ontology. Thus, models for humans and machines are based on the same internal representation. Keywords Modeling, ontologies, metamodel, enterprise modeling, domain-specific modeling language 1 Introduction Decision makers use models to understand and analyze a situation, to compare al- ternatives and to find solutions. Business process models, for example, enable the identification of potential improvements and the communication of process variants with stakeholders.
    [Show full text]
  • OMG Meta Object Facility (MOF) Core Specification
    Date : June 2013 OMG Meta Object Facility (MOF) Core Specification Version 2.4.1 OMG Document Number: formal/2013-06-01 Standard document URL: http://www.omg.org/spec/MOF/2.4.1 Associated Normative Machine-Readable Files*: http://www.omg.org/spec/MOF/20110701/MOF.xmi Associated Non-normative Machine-Readable Files*: http://www.omg.org/spec/MOF/20110701/CMOFConstraints.ocl http://www.omg.org/spec/MOF/20110701/EMOFConstraints.ocl http://www.omg.org/spec/MOF/20110701/InfrastructureLibrary.mdxml http://www.omg.org/spec/MOF/20110701/MOF24-combined.mdxml http://www.omg.org/spec/MOF/20110701/MOF.mdxml http://www.omg.org/spec/MOF/20110701/PrimitiveTypes.mdxml http://www.omg.org/spec/MOF/20110701/Superstructure.mdxml http://www.omg.org/spec/MOF/20110701/uml.ecore * original file: ptc/11-09-13 Copyright © 2003, Adaptive Copyright © 2003, Ceira Technologies, Inc. Copyright © 2003, Compuware Corporation Copyright © 2003, Data Access Technologies, Inc. Copyright © 2003, DSTC Copyright © 2003, Gentleware Copyright © 2003, Hewlett-Packard Copyright © 2003, International Business Machines Copyright © 2003, IONA Copyright © 2003, MetaMatrix Copyright © 2013, Object Management Group Copyright © 2003, Softeam Copyright © 2003, SUN Copyright © 2003, Telelogic AB Copyright © 2003, Unisys USE OF SPECIFICATION - TERMS, CONDITIONS & NOTICES The material in this document details an Object Management Group specification in accordance with the terms, conditions and notices set forth below. This document does not represent a commitment to implement any portion of this specification in any company's products. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. LICENSES The companies listed above have granted to the Object Management Group, Inc.
    [Show full text]