Issue 127. October 2019
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The Placebo and Nocebo Effect on Sports Performance: a Systematic Review
The Placebo and Nocebo Effect on Sports Performance: A Systematic Review Philip Hursta*, Lieke Schipof-Godartb, Attila Szaboc, John Raglind, Florentina Hettingae, Bart Roelandsf, Andrew Laneg, Abby Foada, Damian Colemana & Chris Beedieh aSchool of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK bFaculty of Health, Nutrition & Sports, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, Hague, the Netherlands cInstitute of Health Promotion and Sports Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary dSchool of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA eSchool of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK fDepartment of Human Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium gFaculty of Education Health and Wellbeing, Institute of Sport, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, UK hSchool of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK *Correspondence: Philip Hurst, School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK. Email: [email protected] # Name Email address 1 Dr Philip Hurst [email protected] 2 Dr Lieke Schipof-Godart [email protected] 3 Professor Attila Szabo [email protected] 4 Professor John Raglin [email protected] 5 Professor Florentina Hettinga [email protected] 6 Dr Bart Roelands [email protected] 7 Professor Andrew Lane [email protected] 8 Dr Abby Foad [email protected] 9 Dr Damian Coleman [email protected] 10 Professor Chris Beedie [email protected] 1 Abstract The aim of this review was to determine the magnitude of the placebo and nocebo effect on sport performance. Articles published before March 2019 were located using Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO, Science Direct, and Scopus. -
The Nocebo Effect in Current Practice
First Five Years College The nocebo effect in current practice Kalpit Agnihotri MD CCFP ACBOM n 2013, the European Journal of Neurology published seriously ill and extremely weak. From the missionary a meta-analysis examining patient dropout rates he learned that Rob had had a bone pointed at him owing to medication side effects in clinical trials for by Nebo and was convinced that in consequence he IParkinson disease treatments.1 A review of more than a must die. Thereupon Dr. Lambert and the missionary decade of various trials showed that nearly two-thirds went for Nebo, threatened him sharply that his sup- of patients reported an adverse event after drug therapy. ply of food would be shut off if anything happened to Worse still, nearly one-tenth (8.8%) of the patients in a Rob …. At once Nebo agreed to go with them to see specific arm of the studies experienced such horrific side Rob. He leaned over Rob’s bed and told the sick man effects that they were forced to stop treatment altogether. that it was all a mistake, a mere joke—indeed, that Strangely, this subset of patients had not been given any he had not pointed a bone at him at all. The relief, active medication at all—they had been given a placebo. Dr. Lambert testifies, was almost instantaneous; that The placebo arm of a research study is crucial to the evening Rob was back at work, quite happy again, modern scientific method and is used to better under- and in full possession of his physical strength.3 stand the medication and confirm that it gives a true result beyond subjective experience. -
Cancer As an Insufficiency of Cellular Energy (ICE): Therapeutic Approaches Based on Enhancing the Alternative Cellular Energy (ACE) Pathway
International Journal of Complementary & Alternative Medicine Cancer as an Insufficiency of Cellular Energy (ICE): Therapeutic Approaches Based on Enhancing the Alternative Cellular Energy (ACE) Pathway Abstract Review Article Cancer cells are typically studied for genetic changes that can alter biochemical Volume 3 Issue 3 - 2016 W John Martin* chemotherapeuticpathways involved drugs. in cellularThe selectivity replication. of chemically Unique elementskilling tumor within cells the is viewedaltered asbiochemical an improvement pathways over theare lesstargeted discriminative for selective X-ray radiationinhibition induced using Institute of Progressive Medicine, USA cell surface components that are not present on normal cells. These modified *Corresponding author: W cellulardamage componentsto tumor cells. allow Tumor for directed cells can immunotherapy also be studied as foran additivethe expression approach of John Martin, Institute of Progressive Medicine, 1634 Spruce Street, South Pasadena CA 91030, USA, Tel: 626-616-2868; Email: to cancer cell destruction beyond chemotherapy and irradiation. Each of these self-destruct through a process termed apoptosis. The cellular alterations that Received: | Published: approaches, however, fails to exploit the inherent capacity of cancer cells to March 08, 2016 March 08, 2016 maintainingoccur within normaltumor cellscellular are functions.metabolically It is less proposed optimal that than ICE the is biochemistrythe primary of normal cells. This can lead to an insufficiency of cellular energy (ICE) for trigger for cellular replication, genetic diversity and metastasis of tumor cells. If it is assumed that apoptosis requires additional cellular energy beyond triggering cancer formation, then cancer regression may well occur with the provision of additional cellular energy, especially via the alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway. -
Bastyr University Catalog 2013-2014
1 Bastyr University Catalog 2013-2014 SCHOOL OF NATURAL HEALTH ARTS AND SCIENCES Bachelor of Science with a Major in Health Psychology Bachelor of Science with a Major in Integrated Human Biology Bachelor of Science with a Major in Nutrition Bachelor of Science with a Major in Exercise Science and Wellness Bachelor of Science with a Major in Nutrition with Didactic Program in Dietetics Bachelor of Science with a Major in Nutrition and Exercise Science Bachelor of Science with a Major in Nutrition and Culinary Arts Combined Bachelor/Master of Science in Midwifery Master of Arts in Counseling Psychology Master of Science in Midwifery Master of Science in Nutrition (Traditional) Master of Science in Nutrition and Clinical Health Psychology Master of Science in Nutrition with Didactic Program in Dietetics Dietetic Internship SCHOOL OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine Bachelor of Science with a Major in Herbal Sciences Certificate in Holistic Landscape Design SCHOOL OF TRADITIONAL WORLD MEDICINES Combined Bachelor/Master of Science in Acupuncture Combined Bachelor/Master of Science in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine Master of Science in Acupuncture Master of Science in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine Master of Science in Ayurvedic Sciences Certificate in Chinese Herbal Medicine Curriculum and course changes in the 2013-2014 Bastyr University Catalog are applicable to students entering during the 2013-2014 academic year. Please refer to the appropriate catalog if interested in curricula and courses required for any other -
Gemmotherapy Extracts
HEALTHY LIFESTYLES Healthy Gemmotherapy, Homeopathy’s “Good Friend” Lifestyles Harnessing the power of plant stem cells New for 2018 and by popular demand! from all herbal extracts because of the Silver Lime, Tilia tomentosa This column will focus on healthy life- plant material used—buds and shoots. Walnut, Juglans regia. So gemmotherapy extracts are able to Acute symptoms are those that occur styles and therapies that are complemen- deliver the growth materials and healing suddenly; they are not the chronic tary to the use of homeopathy. potential of the entire tree or shrub from symptoms experienced daily or cycli- which the bud is selected. This is because cally. Gemmotherapy extracts can be buds and shoots include meristem cells, used according to the following acute ore than likely, you have had the very cells that keep the plant growing, protocols for up to three weeks at a Mthe good fortune to experi- similar to stem cells in humans. These time. Beyond three weeks, a symptom ence the amazing ability of a embryonic cells of the plant provide gem- has become chronic and requires a dif- homeopathic remedy to engage your motherapy extracts with their unique ferent treatment method that addresses vital force and promote a natural res- potential to simultaneously clean, feed, elimination symptoms, as explained later and restore organ tissue. under “Restoring immunity.” with a flu or migraine headaches or a In contrast to vitamin and mineral skin condition. supplements that can improve health Home care: acute protocols But have you also had times when only as long as you continue to consume Here are some protocols you can create your symptoms did not resolve 100%? Or them, gemmotherapy extracts can actu- with this set of eight extracts: when a remedy to match your symptoms ally correct the function of organs so that, Digestive Symptoms could not be found? Or when your baby’s over time, your body is once again able to Acid Reflux/Bloating or Nausea/Vom- inability to verbally express her symptoms produce exactly what is required. -
It Is Not Just the Drugs That Matter: the Nocebo Effect
Cancer and Metastasis Reviews (2019) 38:315–326 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-019-09800-w CLINICAL It is not just the drugs that matter: the nocebo effect Marek Z. Wojtukiewicz1,2 & Barbara Politynska3,4 & Piotr Skalij1,2 & Piotr Tokajuk1,2 & Anna M. Wojtukiewicz3 & Kenneth V. Honn5,6,7 Published online: 16 June 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract The role of psychological mechanisms in the treatment process cannot be underestimated, the well-known placebo effect unquestionably being a factor in treatment. However, there is also a dark side to the impact of mental processes on health/ illness as exemplified by the nocebo effect. This phenomenon includes the emergence or exacerbation of negative symptoms associated with the therapy, but arising as a result of the patient’s expectations, rather than being an actual complication of treatment. The exact biological mechanisms of this process are not known, but cholecystokinergic and dopaminergic systems, changes in the HPA axis, and the endogenous secretion of opioids are thought to be involved. The nocebo effect can affect a significant proportion of people undergoing treatment, including cancer patients, leading in some cases to the cessation of potentially effective therapy, because of adverse effects that are not actually part of the biological effect of treatment. In extreme cases, as a result of suggestions and expectations, a paradoxical effect, biologically opposite to the mechanism of the action of the drug, may occur. In addition, the nocebo effect may significantly interfere with the results of clinical trials, being the cause of a significant proportion of complications reported. -
Nocebo Effects Can Make You Feel Pain Negative Expectancies Derived from Features of Commercial Drugs Elicit Nocebo Effects
INSIGHTS | PERSPECTIVES NEUROSCIENCE Nocebo effects can make you feel pain Negative expectancies derived from features of commercial drugs elicit nocebo effects By Luana Colloca ferential nocebo effects between the expen- administration was interrupted (13). These sive and cheaper treatments. Expectancies findings provide evidence that communica- he mysterious phenomenon known of higher pain-related side effects associated tion of treatment discontinuation might, at as the nocebo effect describes nega- with the expensive cream may have triggered least in part, lead to nocebo effects with ag- tive expectancies. This is in contrast to a facilitation of nociception processes at early gravation of symptoms. positive expectancies that trigger pla- subcortical areas and the spinal cord [which In placebo-controlled clinical trials, no- cebo effects (1). In evolutionary terms, are also involved in placebo-induced reduc- cebo effects can influence patients’ clinical nocebo and placebo effects coexist to tion of pain (8)]. The rACC showed a deac- outcomes and treatment adherence. It was Tfavor perceptual mechanisms that anticipate tivation and favored a subsequent activation shown in a clinical trial that atorvastatin in- threat and dangerous events (nocebo effects) of the PAG and spinal cord, resulting in an duced in the same individuals an excess rate and promote appetitive and safety behaviors increase of the nociceptive inputs. This sug- of muscle-related adverse events in the non- (placebo effects). In randomized placebo- gests that the rACC–PAG–spinal cord axis blinded (i.e., patients knew they were taking Downloaded from controlled clinical trials, patients that re- may orchestrate the effects of pricing on no- atorvastatin), nonrandomized 3-year follow- ceive placebos often report cebo hyperalgesia. -
A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study on the Neural Mechanisms of Hyperalgesic Nocebo Effect
13354 • The Journal of Neuroscience, December 3, 2008 • 28(49):13354–13362 Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study on the Neural Mechanisms of Hyperalgesic Nocebo Effect Jian Kong,1,2 Randy L. Gollub,1,2,3 Ginger Polich,1 Irving Kirsch,4 Peter LaViolette,1,2 Mark Vangel,2,3 Bruce Rosen,2 and Ted J. Kaptchuk5 1Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 2Massachusetts General Hospital/Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard Medical School Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, and 3Massachusetts General Hospital Clinical Research Center Biomedical Imaging Core, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, 4Department of Psychology, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom, and 5Osher Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 Previous studies suggest that nocebo effects, sometimes termed “negative placebo effects,” can contribute appreciably to a variety of medical symptoms and adverse events in clinical trials and medical care. In this study, using a within-subject design, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and an expectation/conditioning manipulation model to investigate the neural substrates of nocebo hyperalgesia using heat pain on the right forearm. Thirteen subjects completed the study. Results showed that, after adminis- tering inert treatment, subjective pain intensity ratings increased significantly more on nocebo regions compared with the control regions in which no expectancy/conditioning manipulation was performed. fMRI analysis of hyperalgesic nocebo responses to identical calibrated noxious stimuli showed signal increases in brain regions including bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula, superior temporal gyrus; left frontal and parietal operculum, medial frontal gyrus, orbital prefrontal cortex, superior parietal lobule, and hippocampus; right claustrum/putamen, lateral prefrontal gyrus, and middle temporal gyrus. -
Compassionate Care Retreat in Foix,Playing with Fears,Introducing
Compassionate Care Retreat in Foix How does a four-day retreat in the French Pyrenees sound? I would love nothing more than to share a few days with you this coming February. We will be guests at La Ciboulette, a tranquil inn with lovely en-suite double bedrooms, a welcoming dining room with an open fireplace and a gorgeous meditation room. We will have the entire property to ourselves and be graciously cared for by Leela, who owns and manages this center, February 17-20, 2020. If you have had dreams of the French countryside and time connecting with other like-minded women, please consider my invitation. Over four days together, our activities will provide time for compassionate self-care and developing your thoughts on how you may offer this care to others. We will take time for daily meditation, yoga, walks and rich discussions on healing and the role of Gemmos — and be nourished by lovingly prepared meals. Dates: Monday, Feb. 17, starting at 5 p.m. (you may arrive as early as 3 p.m.) to Thursday, Feb. 20, at 2 p.m. Place: La Ciboulette, Foix, France Accommodations: Shared double rooms with en-suite full bath Meals: Plant-based, gluten-free meals, beginning with an evening meal Feb. 17 and ending with lunch Feb. 20 Pricing: Full retreat price, including three overnights and meals (Monday dinner – Thursday lunch): $350 USD, 315 Euro Full retreat, day price, no overnight accommodation, including meals (Monday dinner – Thursday lunch): $285 USD, 255 Euro Extra nights in your assigned room, with breakfast and dinner or lunch before Feb. -
About the Author
About the Author My name is Mark Sircus Ac., OMD and I am the director of the International Medical Veritas Association (IMVA). I was trained in acupuncture and oriental medicine at the Institute of Traditional Medicine in Santa Fe, N.M., and in the School of Traditional Medicine of New England in Boston. I served at the Central Public Hospital of Pochutla, in Mexico, and was awarded the honorary title of doctor of oriental medicine for my work there in the early eighties and I was one of the first nationally certified acupuncturists in the United States. That was in the early part of my life. For many years I lived the life of a recluse exploring inner ground and wrote poetry, music, and then dived into intense writings on a wide variety of subjects in the area of psychology and spirituality. When my third child was born in 2003 I started researching vaccines and was inspired in a very short period of time to write and publish Cry of the Heart , which is about childhood vaccination. The Terror of Pediatric Medicine came three years later, which I launched as a cruise missile against the western medical establishment. It’s available as a free ebook download from the IMVA site . As you will see from the first page it is Robert F. Kennedy Jr. who is spearheading a confrontation with the worst elements of the medical industrial complex. A colossal mistake has been made and it threatens the very fabric of western medicine, whose integrity is smashed, intelligence questioned. his book confronts the cancer industry’s basic philosophy and practice by presenting comprehensive answers and a new paradigm for cancer treatment all of which is supported by empirical medical science. -
Course Descriptions ~ General Information COURSE DESCRIPTIONS
94 COURSE DESCRIPTIONS ~ GENERAL INFORMATION COURSE DESCRIPTIONS Curriculum and course changes in the 2014-2015 COURSE NUMBERING SEQUENCE KEY are applicable to students Bastyr University Catalog The first digit indicates the year/level at which the entering during the 2014-2015 academic year. course is offered: Please refer to the appropriate catalog if interested 1xxx Freshman prerequisite courses in curriculum and courses required for any other 2xxx Sophomore prerequisite courses entering year. 3xxx Junior BS Program 4xxx Senior BS Program Program, Department and Course Designation 5xxx-8xxx Graduate and Professional level courses Codes 9xxx Electives (undergraduate and graduate) AY: Ayurvedic Sciences BC: Basic Sciences The second digit indicates the type of course: BO: Botanical Medicine/Herbal Sciences x1xx General courses CH: Chinese Herbal Medicine Certificate x2xx Diagnostic courses DI: Dietetic Internship x3xx Diagnostic/therapeutic courses EX: Exercise Science and Wellness x4xx Therapeutic courses HO: Homeopathic Medicine x5xx Special topics courses IS: Interdisciplinary Studies x8xx Clinic and clinical courses MW: Midwifery x9xx Independent study NM: Naturopathic Medicine OM: Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine Note: In the following descriptions, commonly PM: Physical Medicine used abbreviations in reference to Bastyr programs PS: Counseling and Health Psychology include the following: ayurvedic sciences (AY), RD: Didactic Program in Dietetics acupuncture and Oriental medicine (AOM), mid- SN: Science and Naturopathy wifery/natural -
Are Herbal Products an Alternative to Antibiotics? Are Herbal Products an Alternative to Antibiotics?
DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.72110 Provisional chapter Chapter 1 Are Herbal Products an Alternative to Antibiotics? Are Herbal Products an Alternative to Antibiotics? Mihaela Ileana Ionescu Mihaela Ileana Ionescu Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72110 Abstract Medicinal plants have been widely used in the management of infectious diseases and by now, many of the ancient remedies have proven their value through scientific method- ologies. Although the mechanisms underlying most plant-derived remedies are not well understood, the success of herbal medicine in curing infectious diseases shows that many plants have beneficial effects in various bacterial, fungal, viral or parasitic infections. The modern methodologies in the isolation, purification and characterization of the active compounds, has been a great impact for advancing in vitro and in vivo research, this step being crucial for further application in clinical trials. Many plant-derived compounds, for example, quinine and artemisinin, have been already successfully used in healing life- threatening infectious disease. The main limitations of plant medicine healing are lack of standardization and reproducibility of plant-derived products. Despite the paucity of clinical trials evaluating their efficacy, phytotherapy, adult plant uses and gemmo- therapy, the use of embryonic stem cells should be reconsidered as valuable resources in finding new active compounds with sustained antimicrobial activity. Keywords: phytotherapy, gemmotherapy, infection, herbal medicine, medicinal plants 1. Introduction Traditional medicine used for a long time various medicinal plants for infectious diseases healing [1]. Ancient healers often combine medicinal plants with mysterious incantations, recipes being inherited together with the secrets of their employment.