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Simultaneous Transmit/Receive Multi-Functional Ultra-Wideband Transceiver with Reduced Hardware Simultaneous Transmit/Receive Multi-Functional Ultra-Wideband Transceiver with Reduced Hardware Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Satheesh Bojja Venkatakrishnan, M.S Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State University 2017 Dissertation Committee: John L. Volakis, Advisor Robert Burkholder Asimina Kiourti c Copyright by Satheesh Bojja Venkatakrishnan 2017 Abstract Modern wireless systems employ a variety of techniques to overcome limited spec- trum issues. In order to exploit the full available spectrum it is highly desirable to have a single multi-functional and low cost ultra-wideband (UWB) transceiver. To this end, this dissertation proposes the following solutions, 1) receiver hardware reduction, 2) flexible and low cost back-ends for full spectrum utilization, and 3) full-duplex realization for concurrent transmit and receive. Central to the dissertation is the introduction of a novel on-site coding receiver (OSCR) architecture to significantly reduce hardware requirements at the analog back-end. At the digital back-end, single field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) are used for beamforming. Experimental validation was carried out to demonstrate OSCR using an 8-channel communication back-end operating from 300 - 3800 MHz. Specifically, direction of arrival estimates for multiple beams at different frequencies were successfully demonstrated. This architecture was shown to provide reductions of 85% in power, 80% in cost, and 60% in total hardware as opposed to typical transceivers. The dissertation also presents a full duplex communication approach for simul- taneous transmit receive. Self-interference cancellation filters at the RF domain are presented and tested. They are shown to achieve more than 20 dB cancellation across 500 MHz. This should be compared to the narrowband of < 100 MHz cancellation ii presented in the past. Antenna isolation and analog baseband cancellation circuits are also proposed to achieve more than 110 dB cancellation. iii This is dedicated to my family, especially my son, Abju, for making my life complete and my wife, Janani, for being a pillar of support at all times. I also dedicate this to my parents, Venkatakrishnan and Lalitha, and my brother, Shaileshh, for their unwavering love and support without whom I wouldn’t be here ... iv Acknowledgments This dissertation could not have been completed without the great support that I have received from so many people over the years. I wish to offer my most heartfelt thanks to the following people. I am forever grateful to my advisor, Prof. John L. Volakis, who has been a great mentor and has contributed immensely towards my Ph.D. I am greatly inspired and motivated by his passion and dedication towards work. I remember sitting through our group meetings learning 4 centuries of Greek and European history on top of solving research problems. I would not have come thus far without his constructive criticism and encouragement. Your invaluable advice on both my research and my personal life has made me what I am today. I would like to express my special appreciation and thanks to Dr. Elias A. Alwan. He has been supportive since the day I began working in ESL; be it a discussion on research ideas or seeking technical advice. He is definitely a big part of the equation for my graduation, who not only helped me grow, but was also with me in each step that I took towards the completion of my Ph.D. journey. Thank you! I am grateful to Dr. Asimina Kiourti for the advice and support provided on the endoscopy project and also agreeing to be a part of defense committee. You have been an incredible source of motivation and inspiration. v I would like to extend my thanks to Dr. Waleed Khalil and Abe Akhiyat who were of immense help and guidance during the initial few years. The valuable inputs from Abe helped me stay focused and follow the path which led to the completion of my Ph.D. journey. I would like to thanks Dr. Robert Burkholder for agreeing to be a member of my candidacy and Ph.D defense committee. Thanks are in order to Dr. Can Emre Koksal and Dr. Greame Smith for their participation in my candidacy exam. Not everyone gets to share an office space full of intellectual but fun filled fellow Ph.D students. I am lucky in that aspect for sharing with Dr. Cedric Lee, Jingni Zhong, Ushemadzoro Chipengo, Dr. R. Zuboraj, Dimitrios Papantonis, Dimitrios Siafarikas, Zander Johnson, Shubhendu Bhardwaj, Asiful Islam and Brock DeLong. I will make sure that our Friday lunch tradition, gets carried on no matter where I go. You made my stay in ESL, memorable and most productive. Thank you for making my journey fruitful and more bearable. A special thanks to Ushe for being the best teammate one could hope for. Thank you for being persistent, encouraging, and for the many precious memories along the way. In him I have a life-long friend and colleague. I am also grateful to Seckin Sahin for being a very good and trust worthy friend. I want to extend my deepest thanks to Preethi who stood by me and helped me get through the tough times during my initial years. To my friends and roommates, thank you for listening, offering me advice and supporting me through this process. I am grateful to all my other friends, teachers and colleagues in India and around the world who have shaped me to be who I am today. vi Special thanks to OSU ECE and ESL staff members for their immense help for the past 4 years. Their valuable help with the travel forms for conference, setting up meetings with the sponsor, organizing workshops and much more, made my 4 years at ESL a smooth ride. This journey would not have been possible without the support of my family. I am forever indebted to my parents Venkatakrishnan and Lalitha, for their faith in me and allowing me to be as ambitious as I wanted. It was under their watchful eye that I gained so much drive and ability to tackle challenges head on. I would like to thank my wife, Janani for her support, encouragement, patience and unwavering love. Her tolerance of my occasional outbursts is a testament in itself of her unyielding devotion and love. Very few people can be fortunate enough to simultaneously pursue a lifetime goal with a family member by their side. I have been lucky to have found myself chasing my Ph.D alongside my brother, Shaileshh who will also graduate on the same day as me half way across the country. I thank you for your custom made advice and support that would not have been possible had you had different goals. Last but not the least, praises and thanks to the God, the Almighty, for making me a curious being who loves to explore, for giving me this wonderful opportunity, and for His showers of blessings throughout my Ph.D. research. Without Him, I can do nothing. vii Vita August 09, 1987 ............................Born - Trichy, India 2009 ........................................B.Tech Electronics & Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli, India 2017 ........................................M.S. Electrical & Computer Engineer- ing The Ohio State University 2013-present ................................Graduate Research Associate, Electrical & Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University. Publications Research Publications Journal: S. B. Venkatakrishnan, D. Papantonis, A. A. Akhiyat, E. A. Alwan, and J. L. Volakis, “Experimental validation of on-site coding digital beamformer with ultra-wideband antenna arrays”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol.PP, no.99, pp.1-10, 2017, doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2017.2690451 S. B. Venkatakrishnan, A. A. Akhiyat, E. A. Alwan, and J. L. Volakis, “Multi- band and Multi-beam Direction of Arrival Estimation using On-Site Coding Digital Beamformer”, IEEE Antenna and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol.PP, Issue: 99, pp.1-1, 2017, doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2017.2717785 viii E.L. Jones, A. Madani, D.M. Overbey, A. Kiourti, S. Bojja-Venkatakrishnan, D.J. Mikami, J.W. Hazey, T.R. Arcomano, and T.N. Robinson, “Stray energy transfer during endoscopy”, Springer Surgical Endoscopy, 1-6, 2017 E. A. Alwan, S. B. Venkatakrishnan, A. A. Akhiyat, W. Khalil and J.L. Volakis, “Phase error evaluation in a two-path receiver front-end with on-site codings”, IEEE Access, 3:55-63, 2015 E. A. Alwan, S. B. Venkatakrishnan, A. A. Akhiyat, W. Khalil and J.L. Volakis, “Code optimization for a code-modulated RF front end”, IEEE Access, 3:260-273, 2015 S. B. Venkatakrishnan, E. A. Alwan, and J. L. Volakis, “Challenges in Clock Synchro- nization for On-Site Coding Digital Beamformer”, IET Electronic Letters (Submitted) S. B. Venkatakrishnan, E. Jones, and A. Kiourti, “Unintended RF Energy Coupling During Endoscopy”, Bioelectromagnietics (Submitted) Conference Presentations: S. B. Venkatakrishnan, E. A. Alwan, and J. L. Volakis, “Multi-band Multi-beam Per- formance Evaluation of On-Site Coding Digital Beamformer using Ultra-Wideband Antenna Array”, in XXXIInd International Union of Radio Science General Assem- bly & Scientific Symposium (URSI 2017 GASS), Montreal, QC, Canada, Aug. 19 - Aug. 26, 2017 S. B. Venkatakrishnan, E. A. Alwan, and J. L. Volakis, “ Wideband RF and Analog Self-Interference Cancellation Filter for Simultaneous Transmit and Receive System”, in 2017 IEEE AP-S Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Ra- dio Science Meeting (APS/URSI), San Diego, CA, Jul. 09 - Jul. 15, 2017 S. B. Venkatakrishnan, E. A. Alwan, and J. L. Volakis, “Clock Synchronization Chal- lenges for On-Site Coding Digital Beamformer”, in 2017 IEEE AP-S Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI), San Diego, CA, Jul.
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