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Cancer Facts & Figures 2019

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Cancer Facts & Figures 2019 WA 39,160 NH MT VT 8,610 ME ND 5,920 3,920 8,920 3,940 MN OR 30,560 23,320 ID MA 8,390 SD WI NY 40,020 4,770 34,220 111,870 WY MI 2,930 58,360 RI 6,540 IA PA CT 21,950 NV NE 17,810 79,890 14,810 9,780 OH NJ 53,400 UT IL IN 67,150 11,620 68,560 35,280 CA CO WV DE 5,870 186,920 26,800 VA KS MO 12,440 MD 33,140 KY 45,440 15,340 35,480 26,400 DC 3,190 NC TN 58,690 AZ OK 37,350 37,490 NM 20,540 AR SC 9,460 16,580 29,830 MS AL GA 17,050 28,950 50,450 TX 124,890 LA 26,800 AK 3,090 FL 131,470 US 1,762,450 PR HI N/A 7,120 Estimated numbers of new cancer cases for 2019, excluding basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinomas except urinary bladder. Estimates are not available for Puerto Rico. Note: State estimates are offered as a rough guide and should be interpreted with caution. State estimates may not add to US total due to rounding. Special Section: Cancer in the Oldest Old see page 29 Contents Basic Cancer Facts 1 Figure S4. Trends in Cancer Incidence and Death Rates by Sex, Ages 85+, US, 1975-2016 33 Figure 1. Trends in Age-adjusted Cancer Death Rates by Site, Males, US, 1930-2016 2 Figure S5. Trends in Cancer Incidence Rates for Selected Sites, Ages 85+, US, 1995-2015 34 Figure 2. Trends in Age-adjusted Cancer Death Rates by Site, Females, US, 1930-2016 3 Table S2. Joinpoint Trends in Cancer Incidence Rates for Selected Sites in Two Age Groups, US, 1995-2015 35 Table 1. Estimated Number of New Cancer Cases and Deaths by Sex, US, 2019 4 Figure S6. Trends in Cancer Death Rates for Selected Sites, Ages 85+, US, 1975-2016 36 Table 2. Estimated Number of New Cases for Selected Cancers by State, US, 2019 5 Figure S7. Stage Distribution (%) for Selected Cancers in Two Age Groups, US, 2008-2014 37 Table 3. Estimated Number of Deaths for Selected Cancers by State, US, 2019 6 Table S3. Screening Prevalence (%) among Adults 85+, US, 2015 38 Table 4. Incidence Rates for Selected Cancers by State, US, 2011-2015 7 Figure S8. Five-year Relative Survival for Selected Cancers in Two Age Groups, US, 2008-2014 39 Table 5. Death Rates for Selected Cancers by State, US, 2012-2016 8 Figure S9. Receipt of Surgical Treatment for Selected Cancers in Two Age Groups, US, 2011-2015 40 Selected Cancers 9 Tobacco Use 44 Figure 3. Leading Sites of New Cancer Cases and Deaths – 2019 Estimates 10 Figure 4. Proportion of Cancer Deaths Attributable to Cigarette Smoking in Adults 30 Years and Older, US, 2014 44 Table 6. Probability (%) of Developing Invasive Cancer during Selected Age Intervals by Sex, US, 2013-2015 14 Excess Body Weight, Alcohol, Diet & Table 7. Trends in 5-year Relative Survival Rates (%) Physical Activity 49 by Race, US, 1975-2014 18 Table 8. Five-year Relative Survival Rates* (%) by Stage Cancer Disparities 52 at Diagnosis, US, 2008-2014 21 Table 9. Incidence and Mortality Rates for Selected Cancers by Race and Ethnicity, US, 2011-2016 54 Special Section: Cancer in the Oldest Old 29 Figure S1. Age Distribution of US Population in Millions: The Global Cancer Burden 55 2016 versus 2060 29 The American Cancer Society 58 Figure S2. Average Annual Incidence Rates and Case Distribution by Age, US, 2011-2015 30 Sources of Statistics 69 Table S1. Leading Cancer Sites of New Cancer Cases American Cancer Society Recommendations for the Early and Deaths, Ages 85+, US 31 Detection of Cancer in Average-risk Asymptomatic People 71 Figure S3. Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates among Adults 85+ by Race/Ethnicity, US, 2011-2016 32 Global Headquarters: American Cancer Society Inc. 250 Williams Street, NW, Atlanta, GA 30303-1002 This publication attempts to summarize current scientific information about cancer. 404-320-3333 ©2019, American Cancer Society, Inc. All rights reserved, Except when specified, it does not represent the official policy of the American Cancer Society. including the right to reproduce this publication or portions thereof in any form. Suggested citation: American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2019. For written permission, address the Legal department of the American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, NW, Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2019. Atlanta, GA 30303-1002. in the early detection of cancer. For complete cancer Basic Cancer Facts screening guidelines, see page 71. What Is Cancer? How Many People Alive Today Have Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the Ever Had Cancer? uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. If the More than 15.5 million Americans with a history of spread is not controlled, it can result in death. Although cancer were alive on January 1, 2016, most of whom were the causes of cancer are not completely understood, diagnosed many years ago and have no current evidence numerous factors are known to increase the disease’s of cancer. occurrence, including many that are modifiable (e.g., tobacco use and excess body weight) and those that are not (e.g., inherited genetic mutations and immune How Many New Cases and Deaths Are conditions). These risk factors may act simultaneously or Expected to Occur in 2019? in sequence to initiate and/or promote cancer growth. More than 1.7 million new cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed in 2019 (Table 1). This estimate does not Can Cancer Be Prevented? include carcinoma in situ (noninvasive cancer) of any site except urinary bladder, nor does it include basal cell or A substantial proportion of cancers could be prevented, squamous cell skin cancers because these are not including all cancers caused by tobacco use and other required to be reported to cancer registries. Table 2 unhealthy behaviors. According to a recent study by provides estimated new cancer cases in 2019 by state. American Cancer Society researchers, at least 42% of newly diagnosed cancers in the US – about 740,000 cases About 606,880 Americans are expected to die of cancer in in 2019 – are potentially avoidable, including the 19% of 2019 (Table 1), which translates to about 1,660 deaths per all cancers that are caused by smoking and the 18% that day. Cancer is the second most common cause of death in are caused by a combination of excess body weight, the US, exceeded only by heart disease. Table 3 provides physical inactivity, excess alcohol consumption, and poor estimated cancer deaths by state in 2019. nutrition. Certain cancers caused by infectious agents, such as human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Helicobacter pylori How Much Progress Has Been Made (H. pylori), could be prevented through behavioral against Cancer? changes or vaccination to avoid the infection, or Cancer death rates are the best measure of progress treatment of the infection. Many of the more than 5 against the disease because they are less affected by million skin cancer cases that are diagnosed annually detection practices than incidence and survival. The could be prevented by protecting skin from excessive sun overall age-adjusted cancer death rate rose during most exposure and not using indoor tanning devices. of the 20th century, peaking in 1991 at 215 cancer deaths per 100,000 people, mainly because of the tobacco Screening can help prevent colorectal and cervical epidemic. As of 2016, the rate had dropped to 156 per cancers by detecting precancerous lesions that can be 100,000 (a decline of 27%) because of reductions in removed. It can also detect some cancers early, when smoking, as well as improvements in early detection and treatment is more often successful. Screening is known treatment. This decline translates into more than 2.6 to help reduce mortality for cancers of the breast, colon, million fewer cancer deaths from 1991 to 2016, progress rectum, cervix, prostate, and lung (among current or that has been driven by steady declines in death rates for former heavy smokers). In addition, a heightened the four most common cancer types – lung, colorectal, awareness of changes in certain parts of the body, such as breast, and prostate (Figure 1 and Figure 2). the breast, skin, mouth, eyes, or genitalia, may also result Cancer Facts & Figures 2019 1 Do Cancer Incidence and Death Rates types of cancer, risk is higher with a family history of the Vary by State? disease. This is thought to result primarily from the inheritance of genetic variations that confer low or Table 4 and Table 5 provide average annual incidence (new moderate risk and/or similar exposures to lifestyle/ diagnoses) and death rates for selected cancer types by environmental risk factors among family members, as state. Lung cancer rates vary the most by state, reflecting opposed to inheritance of genetic alterations that confer historical differences in smoking prevalence that a very high risk, which occurs much more rarely. continue today. Relative risk is the strength of the relationship between Who Is at Risk of Developing Cancer? exposure to a given risk factor and cancer. It is measured by comparing cancer occurrence in people with a certain Cancer usually develops in older people; 80% of all exposure or trait to cancer occurrence in people without cancers in the United States are diagnosed in people 55 this characteristic. For example, men and women who years of age or older.
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