IOM Displacement Assessments GOVERNORATE PROFILE AUGUST 2009

IOM IDP AND RETURNEE ASSESSMENT has a long history of displacement, JULY 2009 culminating most recently in the February 2006 bombing of the Al-Askari Mosque. Due primarily to sectarian violence, 1.6 million people were internally SULAYMANIYAH AT A GLANCE displaced, chiefly in 2006 and 2007, 2 Governorate Statistics according to government figures. Total post-Feb 2006 IDPs1 8,306 families (est. 49,836 individuals) IOM field monitoring teams assess the Total pre-Feb 2006 IDPs 2 50,465 families (est. 302,790 individuals) varying needs and challenges of internally Number of post-Feb 2006 IDPs 5,483 families (est 32,898 individuals) displaced person (IDP) and returnee 3 assessed by IOM communities across the eighteen Iraqi Capital Sulaymaniyah governorates. These comprehensive

Districts , Darbandihkan, Dokan, , Kalar, assessments of IDPs and returnees are Penjwin, Pshdar, Rania, , Sulaymaniya conducted through Rapid Assessment Population4 1,715,585 questionnaires in conjunction with Iraqi authorities and other national and international actors. Internally displaced person (IDP) families in are mostly Arab and Kurd Sunni who fled sectarian targeting in IOM seeks to ascertain and disseminate Baghdad and Diyala during 2006 and 2007. The majority of IOM-assessed detailed information about IDP and families in Sulaymaniyah intend to return to their places of origin if allowed returnee needs and conditions in each governorate. A greater understanding of by security and other key factors such as regaining former property and displacement and return in Iraq is intended livelihood. to facilitate policy making, prioritizing areas of operation, and planning emergency and While the majority of IDP families in the governorate rent their homes, there long-term responses. are two IDP tent camps in the governorate, representing some of the only organized tent camps in the country. Priority needs in Sulaymaniyah are food To date, IOM has assessed 223,898 IDP and access to work as well as -language schools. families and identified 55,007 returnee families. Of these returnee families, 3,679 Quick Facts on Sulaymaniyah IDPs have participated in IOM in-depth needs assessment interviews. Unless otherwise stated, all data in the profile is based on ¾ 60% of IDP IOM-assessed populations. families are Arab Sunni, and 26% are Kurd IOM’s Project Sunni families Recommendations in

¾ In , Sulaymaniyah many IDP families are living in tent camps and 10% are Due to the lack of potable water female-headed households sources in Zeranok area, 64 IDP families need water through water ¾ The majority of IDPs (64%) trucking fled after being targeted for sectarian reasons

Displacement to Sulaymaniyah

1 As per the Ministry of Displacement and Migration. See latest IDP Working Group Update on IDPs, September 2008. 2 As per IOM Phase II Monitoring, December 2005. 3 Please note that this is the number of post-February 2006 IDPs assessed by IOM, not the total number of IDPs in the governorate. 4 As per the Iraq Living Conditions Survey, UNDP and Ministry of Planning and Development IOM Iraq’s Joint Operations Cell maintains a Cooperation, 2004. database of project recommendations such as this one, submitted by IOM field monitors and others working in Iraq. Email:

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SULAYMANIYAH’S DISPLACED PERSONS: WHO Number of IDPs in Sulaymaniyah by District ARE THEY? District Number Percentage of Families Post-2006 IDPs in Sulaymaniyah are an ethnically and religiously Chamchamal 269 4.2% diverse group who fled sectarian targeting and general violence Darbandihkan 501 7.8% during 2006 and 2007. During this period several hundred families Dokan 382 5.9% arrived monthly to the governorate, mostly from Baghdad and Halabja 250 3.9% Diyala. Kalar 2682 41.6%

In comparison with the country as a whole, Sulaymaniyah drew more Pshdar 22 0.3% families who were not specifically targeted but wanted to relocate to Rania 169 2.6% the relative stability of the Kurdish Regional Government (KRG). Sharbazher 1 0.0% The majority of IDP families are located in Kalar and Sulaymaniyah Sulaymaniyah 2166 33.6% districts, living primarily in rented homes. Chamchamal 269 4.2%

Sulaymaniyah also has a considerable pre-2006 displacement IDP Governorate of Origin population. The highest concentration of pre-2006 IDPs are in the Diyala 46.1% three northern governorates, a product of decades of attacks by the Baghdad 45.7% former regime on minorities, combined with clashes between Anbar 3.1% Kurdish political factions and instability and social unrest in the Ninewa 1.7% central and southern governorates on an increasing scale from 2003 Salah al-Din 1.2% onwards. 0.6% Basrah 0.6% According to the KRG’s Directorate of Displacement and Migration, Babylon 0.4% there are currently 14,585 post-2006 IDP families in the governorate. Wassit 0.2% IOM has assessed 5,483 post- 2006 IDP families. Sulaymaniyah 0.1% IDP & Returnee Locations in Sulaymaniyah. See final page for detail. Thi-Qar 0.1% Kerbala 0.1% Muthanna 0.1%

Reasons for Being Targeted Sulaymaniyah All Iraq Belonging to a certain religion or sect 63.5% 72.9 % Holding a certain political opinion 4.5% 2.4 % Belonging to a certain ethnic group 4.9% 3.9 % Belonging to a certain social group 3.1% 0.7 % Error! No answer 6.3% 8.7 %

Do not think the group was targeted 17.8% 11.3 %

Monthly Displacement to Sulaymaniyah Since 2006 s e i 500 mil

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mb 0 6 6 7 7 8 8 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 Nu 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 / / / / / / < 0 2 0 2 0 2 2/ 4/ 6/ 8/ 2/ 4/ 6/ 8/ 2/ 4/ 6/ 8/ 5/ 1 1 1 1 1 1 Date of Displacement

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SULAYMANIYAH: IDP DEMOGRAPHICS

Overall, the Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) is host to 39% of Percentage of Female Headed Households (by IDP families belonging to religious or ethnic minorities, and district) District Percentage Sulaymaniyah is no exception. IDP families include many and Total 4.5% Christians, along with Turkmen, Sabean Mandeans and others. Chamchamal 10.4%

Across Iraq, post-Samarra violence left large numbers of female- Darbandihkan 1.4% headed households. In Dahuk, an average of 4% of IDP families Dokan 1.3% have a woman as the primary breadwinner. Female headed Halabja 3.2% households are among the most vulnerable IDP families, as they Kalar 2.5% often have no steady income and cannot advocate for themselves Pshdar 0.0% with regard to social and bureaucratic issues. Rania 0.6% Sulaymaniyah 7.9%

RELIGION & ETHNICITY Total Chamchamal Darbandihkan Dokan Halabja Kalar Pshdar Rania Sulaymaniya Arab Sunni Muslim 59.6% 88.8% 75.0% 87.4% 70.8% 48.1% 86.4% 70.4% 59.3% Kurd Sunni Muslim 25.5% 6.3% 11.4% 7.9% 18.8% 36.9% 13.6% 24.9% 21.2% Arab Shia Muslim 10.0% 2.2% 11.4% 3.4% 6.4% 10.3% 0.0% 4.1% 12.6% Kurd Shia Muslim 2.8% 0.7% 2.0% 0.5% 1.2% 3.8% 0.0% 0.0% 2.7% Chaldean Christian 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.7% Turkmen Sunni Muslim 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 0.0% 0.6% 0.3% Arab Christian 0.1% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% Arab Sabean Mandean 0.3% 0.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.7% Assyrian Christian 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% Other 0.9% 1.1% 0.0% 0.0% 2.4% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0% 1.9%

64% of IDP families in Sulaymaniyah assessed by IOM would like to return home, security and other factors permitting. Most of these would return to Diyala and Baghdad, specifically Resafa and Karkh districts of Baghdad. Over a quarter of IDP families in Sulaymaniyah say that they would like to stay and integrate into their places of displacement permanently. However, they are in need of employment opportunities and permanent shelter solutions in order to do so.

Of those that intend to return, to Sulaymaniyah IDP Settlement Intentions which governorate would they District Locally integrate in the Resettle in a Return to Waiting on one or return? current location third location their place of several factors to make a Diyala 49.7% origin decision Sulaymaniyah Total 27.6% 8.2% 64.0% 0.2% Baghdad 44.0% Chamchamal 36.8% 12.3% 50.9% Anbar 2.3% Darbandihkan 16.2% 5.2% 78.6% Ninewa 1.5% Dokan 17.3% 3.9% 78.8% Other 2.5% Halabja 22.4% 6.8% 69.6% 1.2% Kalar 33.5% 6.8% 59.3% 0.3% Pshdar 31.8% 68.2% Rania 18.3% 4.1% 77.5% Sulaymaniyah 24.7% 11.4% 63.8% 0.0%

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SULAYMANIYAH’S DISPLACED PERSONS: LIVING CONDITIONS AND PRIORITY NEEDS Employment Sulaymaniyah All Iraq At least one member of the 69.9% 32.8 % family has a job None of the members has a 30.1% 67.2 % As with the rest of the governorates in the KRG, IDP families job in Sulaymaniyah have higher standards of living when compared with IDP families across Iraq. For example, more PDS ACCESS Sulaymaniyah All Iraq than two-thirds of families have at least one source of income, Not at all 78.5% 20.1% and almost all live in a rented apartment or house with access Sometimes 9.7% 46.2% to water and electricity comparable to the host community. Yes, always 11.8% 33.6%

Main concerns for IDPs in Sulaymaniyah are the lack of water due to drought, as well as rising rent costs and lack of employment opportunties. Many young people – both IDPs and host community members – graduate with no job prospects, leaving a large proportion of youth unemployed. 30% of IDP families in the governorate have no source of income.

Education for IDP children from central and southern Iraq is difficult in the KRG because of the shortage of Arabic-language schools. Many families must pay costly transport in order to get children to a suitable school, while others simply cannot go at all. Living Structure (by district) District Tent in Collective Town Public building Host house Rented Other Camp Settlement house Sulaymaniyah Total 2.2% 0.0% 0.1% 3.3% 88.6% 5.4% Chamchamal 52.0% 0.0% 0.0% 17.8% 25.3% 5.2% Darbandihkan 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.4% 95.0% 1.4% Dokan 0.0% 0.0% 0.8% 2.1% 97.1% 0.3% Halabja 0.0% 1.2% 0.4% 3.2% 92.4% 2.8% Kalar 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 1.8% 91.2% 6.3% Pshdar 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 13.6% 81.8% 4.5% Rania 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.0% 95.3% 1.8% Sulaymaniya 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.6% 89.5% 6.6%

Although less than 1% of IDP families in Iraq live in organized tent camps, there are two such camps in Sulaymaniyah: Qalawa and Bastasen. Qalawa camp houses 59 families from Baghdad and Diyala, living in harsh conditions and in need of sanitation and Arabic language schools for their children.

Bastasen camp houses families who flee the periodic bombing on the Iranian and Turkish borders with Iraq. The camp population fluctuates; it was recently 137 families, though most left to the nearby village to find work, leaving only 14 families currently. Families live in tents and caravans provided by a local NGO, but there is little shade and no electricity. The camp is far from the nearest health center, and some inhabitants suffer from chronic diseases.

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P Water Shelter Food Education Health Access to Legal help Hygiene Other work

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION ADRESSING IDP NEEDS IN SULAYMANIYAH IOM Iraq’s Joint Operations Cell (JOC) works to mitigate emergency needs while looking at sustainable measures such as income-generating activities as part of the transition from relief to recovery.

July 2008 – Digging deep wells, installing submersible water pumps, and facilitating water provisions for vulnerable communities hosting IDPs

Iraq’s northern governorates often suffer from drought conditions. Many villages, including the target village in this project, lack access to potable water and need a steady source for both the IDPs and host communities in the area. During the winter months, IOM well-digging projects helped 6400 beneficiaries in the KRG.

IOM Ongoing and Recently RECOMMENDED FUTURE PROJECTS IN Completed Projects in SULAYMANIYAH Sulaymaniyah

July 2008 – Digging deep wells, IOM’s Joint Operations Cell (JOC) maintains a database of project installing submersible water pumps, recommendations submitted by IOM field monitors and others and facilitating water provisions for working in Iraq. The following are applicable in Sulaymaniyah: vulnerable communities hosting IDPs

September 2008 – Kurdish language ¾ The distribution of essential food and non-food items to IDPs training for IDPs in urban areas of Sulaymaniyah - Distributions are based on IOM’s Monitoring and Needs Assessments, or September 2008 – Rehabilitation of in response to specific alerts or recommendations from implementing Lazaka primary school in Miserek partners in Iraq and two schools in Chamchamal district, and building an additional four classrooms in each ¾ The provision of potable water to 64 IDP families in the October 2008 – Digging four deep Zeranok area wells in Halabja to alleviate drought - Water-borne diseases such as cholera are a serious threat to IDP conditions communities, especially during the hot summer months. Access to clean water is essential to community health and stability November 2008 – Facilitating the renovation and building a four-room extension of Kostaicham Public Health Center in Bakrajo [email protected] March 2009 – Providing relief to drought-affected areas in the Please note that displacement and return are occurring on a continuous basis, and governorate through water trucking IOM strives to update this information as frequently as possible. Through its monitoring and needs assessments, IOM has also developed periodic displacement updates, yearly and mid-year reviews, returnee needs assessments, and other reports. July 2009 – Distributing an For these and information on the IOM’s needs assessment methodology, see emergency food basket to IDP http://www.iom-iraq.net/idp.html. families in Qawala camp For further information on IDPs and returnees in Iraq, please contact Rex Alamban, Head of IOM Iraq Joint Operations Cell at [email protected] or Liana Paris, IOM Monitoring Officer, at [email protected] (+962 6 565 9660 extensions 1067 and 1033).

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