DOCSLIB.ORG

NORTHERN NECK NATIONAL HERITAGE AREA FEASIBILITY STUDY | JUNE 2020 This Page Intentionally Blank

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
NORTHERN NECK NATIONAL HERITAGE AREA FEASIBILITY STUDY | JUNE 2020 This Page Intentionally Blank NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NORTHERN NECK NATIONAL HERITAGE AREA FEASIBILITY STUDY | JUNE 2020 This page intentionally blank. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION The Department of the Interior, National Park Service (NPS), has prepared this national heritage area feasibility study to determine if the Northern Neck study area meets the criteria to be eligible for designation as a national heritage area (NHA). The study meets the requirements of the National Heritage Area Feasibility Study Guidelines (NPS 2003) and compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended. The Northern Neck study area on the Atlantic coast of Virginia includes the five counties found between the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers: King George, Lancaster, Northumberland, Richmond, and Westmoreland. The Northern Neck peninsula, the northernmost Virginian peninsula in the Tidewater region, extends 70 miles into the Chesapeake Bay and is only 20 miles across at its widest point. This small area of land has historically been defined by its waterways, rural setting, and connections to several early American political leaders as the “birthplace of presidents.” LEGISLATIVE HISTORY Congress directed the Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with appropriate state historic preservation offices, state historical societies, and other appropriate organizations, to conduct a study to determine the suitability and feasibility of designating the study area as the Northern Neck National Heritage Area in the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-11). The goal of the study was to determine if the study area meets the criteria established in the NPS National Heritage Area Feasibility Study Guidelines for designation. The study was initiated in 2009. A copy of the law authorizing the study can be found in appendix A. PLANNING HISTORY The feasibility study was initiated in the fall of 2009 by the NPS Northeast Regional Office (NERO) Planning Division. NERO staff conducted reconnaissance trips starting in late 2009 and continuing through summer 2011 to communicate with local stakeholders, work to identify a potential local coordinating entity, and gather information about Northern Neck resources. NERO staff collaborated with the Northern Neck Tourism Commission (NNTC) throughout the study process to organize local public outreach events. Together, these two entities organized the May 2010 public informational meetings, the February 2011 interpretive themes workshop, and the August 2013 scholars’ roundtable. The study team used information from these public outreach opportunities along with additional context information provided by stakeholders and financial information from the Northern Neck Tourism Commission to create a preliminary draft of the Northern Neck National Heritage Area feasibility study. This draft document was submitted for internal NPS agency review in early 2016. In fall 2016, the project was shared with the NPS Denver Service Center – Planning Division for assistance incorporating NPS program review comments and refining the national significance narrative and associated interpretive themes. In fall 2017, an interagency draft was shared with the other federal land management agencies per the study’s authorizing legislation (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Navy) and the Virginia Department of Historic Resources, as the representative of the Governor’s Office. In response to comments received from these agencies, a second scholars’ roundtable was held in October 2018 to consider recent academic research related to the NHA study area. iii A revised draft study was submitted in spring 2019 for internal agency review and approval. Following that review and internal approval from the NPS Washington Support Office, the Northeast Regional Office, and the NHA program, the revised draft was submitted for interagency concurrence from other federal land managers active in the Northern Neck study. There were no interagency objections to the findings in this final draft to be transmitted to Congress by the Department of the Interior. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT Extensive public outreach was conducted before and during the study process. In October 2009, the NPS study team began the feasibility study process with a reconnaissance trip to Northern Neck and met extensively with the Northern Neck Tourism Commission, the heritage tourism branch of the Northern Neck Planning District Commission (NNPDC). The team created a NPS Planning, Environment, and Public Comment (PEPC) website for the project (https://parkplanning.nps.gov/projectHome.cfm?projectID=31631) to share background information about the planning process and the National Heritage Area program with the public. This site also posted information about public outreach activities organized by the study team. In February 2010, the study team hosted members of the Northern Neck Tourism Commission and interested parties for a stakeholder information session at George Washington Birthplace National Monument, the only existing NPS unit within the study area. Working closely with the Northern Neck Tourism Commission, the NPS study team organized five informational meetings held during the week of May 24, 2010. These meetings were held in public venues and had approximately 250 attendees (figure ES-1). NPS NERO staff presented background information on the feasibility study, answered questions about the benefits and potential restrictions associated with a national heritage area designation, and collected suggestions for nationally important stories and resources associated with the Northern Neck study area. Meeting materials were later posted to the project PEPC site. See appendix F for a summary of the public scoping meeting notes. From spring 2010 to summer 2011, NPS NERO staff continued to meet with local stakeholders, including property managers, landowners, and organizations dedicated to the preservation and conservation of study area resources that could be included in a potential national heritage area. An interpretive themes workshop was held in February 2011 to begin identifying potential themes of national significance related to Northern Neck natural, historic, and scenic resources noted during NPS team visits. Approximately 30 participants associated with local stakeholder groups worked with NPS interpretive staff and planners to outline connections that could be recognized within a national heritage area. The first scholars’ roundtable was held in August 2013. Approximately 20 subject-matter experts gathered at Stratford Hall, a historic site in the study area, to discuss the preliminary nationally significant story and themes suggested during public outreach events and the interpretive themes session. Outcomes from the 2010 public outreach events and 2013 scholars’ roundtable are included in appendix E. A second scholars’ roundtable focusing on recent academic research and refining the nationally significant story associated with the study area was held at George Washington Birthplace National Monument in October 2018. Conversations from the roundtable helped inform the feasibility study’s discussion of nationally significant landscapes as well as a brief history of the Northern Neck included in chapter 2 (see appendix G). iv FIGURE ES-1. 2010 PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT MEETING STUDY FINDINGS The feasibility study team used 10 evaluation criteria for a potential NHA designation based on the NPS National Heritage Area Feasibility Study Guidelines to evaluate the appropriateness and feasibility of potentially creating a Northern Neck National Heritage Area (NPS 2003) (table ES-1). The legislation directing this study—P.L. 111-11, Sec. 8102. Northern Neck, Virginia (2009)—also included 13 requirements (Criterion A-M, see table ES-2) specific to the feasibility study; these criteria closely align with the NPS National Heritage Area Feasibility Study Guidelines. The study team identified several themes of national significance related to the study area that are represented by extant natural, cultural, and historic resources found throughout the five included counties, therefore meeting criterion 1. Continuing agricultural practices, maritime traditions, foodways, and a defined regional identity first established in the 17th century represent customs and traditions related to the area’s significance, and therefore the study area meets criterion 2. The study area’s potential for future conservation, educational, and recreational opportunities meets NHA criteria 3 and 4. Resources related to themes identified in this feasibility study retain a level of integrity that supports interpretation and therefore meet criterion 5. The study team finds that criteria 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 are met because of local support and the continuing efforts of the NNPDC/NNTC, a local government body representing the five-county study area that was also identified as the potential local coordinating entity. As a result, the Northern Neck study area appears to meet the 10 national heritage area evaluation criteria, as well as the specific criteria of P.L. 111-11, Sec. 8102, and is found eligible according to NPS guidelines for potential national heritage areas. v Table ES-1. NHA Feasibility Study Criteria Summary Criteria Meets Criteria Criterion 1: The area has an assemblage of natural, historic, or cultural resources that together represent Yes distinct aspects of American heritage worthy of recognition, conservation, interpretation, and continuing use, and are best managed
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Powerful Spirits: Social Drinking in Eighteenth-Century Virginia
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2006 Powerful Spirits: Social Drinking in Eighteenth-Century Virginia Sarah Elizabeth King Pariseau College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Pariseau, Sarah Elizabeth King, "Powerful Spirits: Social Drinking in Eighteenth-Century Virginia" (2006). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539626517. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-p9va-1877 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. POWERFUL SPIRITS Social Drinking in Eighteenth-Century Virginia A Thesis Presented To The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Sarah Elizabeth King 2006 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts £ Li Sarah Elizabeth King Approved by the Committee, February 2006 James P. ittenburg, Chair A x b tl James L. Axtell To Mom and Dad for their constant love and support TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • X001132127.Pdf
    ' ' ., ,�- NONIMPORTATION AND THE SEARCH FOR ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE IN VIRGINIA, 1765-1775 BRUCE ALLAN RAGSDALE Charlottesville, Virginia B.A., University of Virginia, 1974 M.A., University of Virginia, 1980 A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Corcoran Department of History University of Virginia May 1985 © Copyright by Bruce Allan Ragsdale All Rights Reserved May 1985 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction: 1 Chapter 1: Trade and Economic Development in Virginia, 1730-1775 13 Chapter 2: The Dilemma of the Great Planters 55 Chapter 3: An Imperial Crisis and the Origins of Commercial Resistance in Virginia 84 Chapter 4: The Nonimportation Association of 1769 and 1770 117 Chapter 5: The Slave Trade and Economic Reform 180 Chapter 6: Commercial Development and the Credit Crisis of 1772 218 Chapter 7: The Revival Of Commercial Resistance 275 Chapter 8: The Continental Association in Virginia 340 Bibliography: 397 Key to Abbreviations used in Endnotes WMQ William and Mary Quarterly VMHB Virginia Magazine of History and Biography Hening William Waller Hening, ed., The Statutes at Large; Being� Collection of all the Laws Qf Virginia, from the First Session of the Legislature in the year 1619, 13 vols. Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia Rev. Va. Revolutionary Virginia: The Road to Independence, 7 vols. LC Library of Congress PRO Public Record Office, London co Colonial Office UVA Manuscripts Department, Alderman Library, University of Virginia VHS Virginia Historical Society VSL Virginia State Library Introduction Three times in the decade before the Revolution. Vir­ ginians organized nonimportation associations as a protest against specific legislation from the British Parliament.
    [Show full text]
  • Nomination Form
    VLR Listing - 9/6/2006 Vi-/-· 11/1,/1, NRHP Listing - 11/3/2006 ,·~ (-µ{ :.,1(1-i C ' ,ps Form 10·900 0."\18 :\'o. !024-4018 \Ill',·. 10·90) 11. S. Department or the lnh.·:r-ior Town of Bermuda Hundred Historic District ~ational Park Sen'ice Chesterfield Co .. VA '.\TATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM This ronn is for use in nomir,ating or requesting d~enninations for individual properties and districts. See instruction.~ in l-lo~vto Complete the National Rcg1sler ofHi~tor1c Places Registration Forrn {National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each Hem by marking "x" in the appropnate box or bycntcnng :he information requcs!cd IC any item does not apply to the property bein~ documented, enter "NIA" for "no: applicable." For functions, architectural ,·las.~ification, nrnteriu!s, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative •terns on con1inuat1011 sheets (NPS Form J 0·900a). Use a t)i)ewflter, word processor, or eompuler, lo complete all items. I. Name of Pro ert ' Historic t<ame: Town ofBennuda Hundred Historic District other names/site number VDHR #020-0064 2. Location street & number_~B~o~t~h~s~id~e~s~o=f~B~e~nn=u~d~•~H=u~n~d~re~d~•n~d~A~l~li~e~d~R~o~a~d~s~______ not for publication ___ _ city or town Chester vicinity_,~X~-- :itate Virginia code VA eounty Chesterfield ____ code 041 Zip _2382 J 3. State/Federal Agency Certification !\s the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, J hereby certify that lhis _x_ nomina11on __ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering propenies in the Narional Register ofHmoric Place~ and meets the procedural and professional requirements sel forth in 36 CFR Part 60.
    [Show full text]
  • VMI History Fact Sheet
    VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE Founded in 1839, Virginia Military Institute is the nation’s first state-supported military college. U.S. News & World Report has ranked VMI among the nation’s top undergraduate public liberal arts colleges since 2001. For 2018, Money magazine ranked VMI 14th among the top 50 small colleges in the country. VMI is part of the state-supported system of higher education in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The governor appoints the Board of Visitors, the Institute’s governing body. The superintendent is the chief executive officer. WWW.VMI.EDU HISTORY OF VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE 540-464-7230 INSTITUTE OFFICERS On Nov. 11, 1839, 23 young Virginians were history. On May 15, 1863, the Corps of mustered into the service of the state and, in Cadets escorted Jackson’s remains to his Superintendent a falling snow, the first cadet sentry – John grave in Lexington. Just before the Battle of Gen. J.H. Binford Peay III B. Strange of Scottsville, Va. – took his post. Chancellorsville, in which he died, Jackson, U.S. Army (retired) Today the duty of walking guard duty is the after surveying the field and seeing so many oldest tradition of the Institute, a tradition VMI men around him in key positions, spoke Deputy Superintendent for experienced by every cadet. the oft-quoted words: “The Institute will be Academics and Dean of Faculty Col. J.T.L. Preston, a lawyer in Lexington heard from today.” Brig. Gen. Robert W. Moreschi and one of the founders of VMI, declared With the outbreak of the war, the Cadet Virginia Militia that the Institute’s unique program would Corps trained recruits for the Confederate Deputy Superintendent for produce “fair specimens of citizen-soldiers,” Army in Richmond.
    [Show full text]
  • The Page Family of Rosewell and Mannsfield: a Study in Economic Decline
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1987 The Page Family of Rosewell and Mannsfield: A Study in Economic Decline Betty Crowe. Leviner College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Economic History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Leviner, Betty Crowe., "The Page Family of Rosewell and Mannsfield: A Study in conomicE Decline" (1987). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625407. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-60p7-7j44 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE PAGE FAMILY OF ROSEWELL AND MANNSFIELD: A STUDY IN ECONOMIC DECLINE A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Betty Crowe Leviner 1987 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Author Approved, May, 1987 — r ------------------------_ James P. Whittenburg \ John Je . I Selby Graham Hood TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...................................................... iv ABSTRACT .......................................................... v INTRODUCTION . ............ 1 CHAPTER I. MANN PAGE I AND II: THE BUILDERS .................. 5 CHAPTER II. THE INHERITORS ................................. 21 CHAPTER III. THE DOWNWARD SPI R A L .................................... 38 CONCLUSION .......................................................... 62 ENDNOTES .............................................................66 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................
    [Show full text]
  • Oyster Festival Friday, 4–10 P.M
    Fall/Holiday 2013 • FREE Places to go and things to do in the Northern Neck and Middle Peninsula Inside: • Follow the path: Take the African American Heritage Trails Tour • Hunting Hideaways: Spend a weekend hunting and fishing on the Neck • Parades, music and more at the Montross Fall Festival 146 Gen. Puller Hwy, Saluda 758-5347 Mon. – Fri. 7 a.m. – 5 p.m. Sat. 8 a.m. – 1 p.m. Rivah (‘riv-â), n. [der. river]: 1. the lands and waters Ebb&Flow of the Northern Neck and Middle Peninsula of t’s hard to believe but the 20th season of the Rivah Visitor’s Virginia, USA, particularly favored by urban dwellers IGuide is coming to a close. Summer has come and gone too for spring, summer and fall quickly. But even those who don’t list autumn among their favor- rs escapes. 2. a region in these Yea ite seasons have to admit, fall offers near perfect weather. 20 peninsulas bound by the It’s festival time in the Northern Neck and Middle Peninsula, as ting Chesapeake Bay and the evidenced by the many oyster roasts, fall festivals and Octo- bra Rappahannock, Potomac berfests listed on our extensive calendar, which includes events ele and York rivers, inclusive. C adj.– rivah: refl ecting an through December 31. The Montross Fall Festival, a 60-plus year- attitude indicative of the old tradition in Westmoreland County, is highlighted on our fes- abundantly pleasant lifestyle tival page. Spend an afternoon or the entire day outdoors in the in this area. tiny town, browsing through arts and crafts, listening to live music and watching a parade.
    [Show full text]
  • Your NAMI State Organization
    Your NAMI State Organization State: Virginia State Organization: NAMI Virginia Address: NAMI Virginia PO Box 8260 Richmond, VA 23226 Phone: (804) 285-8264 Fax: (804) 285-8464 Email Address: [email protected] Website: http://www.namivirginia.org Serving: statewide Additional Contact Info: HelpLine for Information & Resources: [email protected] or 1-888-486-8264 Executive Director: Katherine Harkey Affiliate Name Contact Info NAMI Blue Ridge Address: NAMI Blue Ridge Charlottesville Charlottesville 134 Saddle Ridge Rd Nellysford, VA 22958 Phone: (434) 260-8127 Email Address: [email protected] Website: http://www.namiblueridgecharlottesville.org Serving: Charlottesville, Albemarle County, and surrounding areas NAMI Central Shenandoah Address: NAMI Central Shenandoah Valley VA Valley VA PO Box 2133 Staunton, VA 24401 Phone: (540) 480-4765 Email Address: [email protected] Website: http://www.facebook.com/namishenandoa h Serving: Cities of Staunton and Waynesboro, Counties of Bath, Highland, Rockbridge, and Augusta NAMI Central Virginia Address: NAMI Central Virginia 1904 Byrd Ave Ste 207 Richmond, VA 23230-3041 Phone: (804) 285-1749 Email Address: [email protected] Website: https://namicva.org/ Serving: Richmond metropolitan area and Greater Petersburg area NAMI Coastal Virginia Address: NAMI Coastal Virginia 291 Independence Blvd Ste 542 Virginia Beach, VA 23462-5465 Phone: (757) 499-2041 Email Address: [email protected] Website: http://www.namicoastalvirginia.org Serving: Virginia Beach, Chesapeake, Norfolk,
    [Show full text]
  • Managing the Mission You’Re Invited
    Historic TIMES Christ Church Brought to you by the Foundation for Historic Christ Church, Inc. & VOLUME 6 I SPRING 2020 I 2019 ANNUAL REPORT CHRISTCHURCH1735.ORG Managing the Mission You’re Invited . 62nd Annual Meeting & by Jill Worth, FHCC President Spring Celebration In January of 1958, a group of area residents met at the parish and for me the most exciting thing: Robert Teagle celebrates 20 Friday, May 15th house of Grace Church in Kilmarnock. The purpose of the meet- years with FHCC in March, and we hope he has 20 more years at 4 p.m. ing was to create an organization to preserve and protect Christ here as he begins a new role as Executive Director. The founders Church. After a series of meetings, The Foundation for Historic would be proud. Join us for the Foundation for Historic Christ Church was established that June. The Mission Statement They would also be proud of our crowded calendar of events. Christ Church’s 62nd Annual Meeting and reads in part: “to preserve and maintain old Christ Church, Alan Taylor, who has twice won the Pulitzer Prize for History, Spring Celebration to honor volunteers and sometimes known as Robert (“King”) Carter’s Church in Lancaster spoke in February. An exceptional list of historians headlines this the opening of the County…to preserve its early dignity and beauty as nearly as may year’s Sunday Speaker Series, the theme of which is “A Variety of 2020 Visitor Season. be feasible; to protect and care for the church, its ancient church- Religious Experiences: Natives, Africans and Europeans in Early You don’t want to miss yard and surrounding properties; to collect, preserve and display Virginia.” In June FHCC will host Thomas Jefferson (Bill Barker) our guest speaker, the records of its use and of the persons active in its history….” and Patrick Henry (Richard Schuman) as they debate the role of acclaimed historian The meeting minutes were typed on a typewriter, with pencil government and taxation in promoting religion in society.
    [Show full text]
  • SCENIC VIRGINIA MEDIA ALERT Press Contact: Leighton Powell for IMMEDIATE RELEASE (804) 363-9453 (Cell) July 30, 2018 [email protected]
    SCENIC VIRGINIA MEDIA ALERT Press Contact: Leighton Powell FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE (804) 363-9453 (cell) July 30, 2018 [email protected] 2018 VIRGINIA VISTAS PHOTO CONTEST WINNERS ANNOUNCED Photos represent ‘every region of the Commonwealth’ Scenic Virginia’s annual Virginia Vistas Photo Contest, now in its eleventh year, showcases the amazing depth and breadth of scenic beauty that exists in our Commonwealth. Notes Leighton Powell, the organization’s Executive Director, “Scenic Virginia couldn’t be more pleased to share this year’s gorgeous Winners and Honorable Mentions. Virginians are proud of our incredible scenic resources, and we’re delighted to remind them how beautiful Virginia is. This year’s photos truly cover every region of our Commonwealth.” Judges for the 2018 contest, which garnered nearly 700 entries, were Ben Greenberg, a professional photographer and author of Natural Virginia; Judy Watkins, Special Projects Manager at Virginia Tourism Corporation; Tom Saunders, a professional photographer with the Virginia Department of Transportation; and Eugenia Anderson- Ellis, a Scenic Virginia Advisory Board member and former president. Note card sets of the winning photos are available for purchase. A set of 10 cards (one of each winning photo) is $20.00, plus $3.00 for shipping and handling. To place an order, contact Scenic Virginia at (804) 643-VIEW (643-8439) or [email protected]. Scenic Virginia is the only statewide conservation group dedicated solely to preserving, protecting and enhancing the scenic beauty of the Commonwealth, with a particular focus on the preservation of significant views and vistas. To learn more about the organization, visit www.scenicvirginia.org and follow them on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Pinterest.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Neck Land Proprietary Records
    The Virginia government always held legal jurisdiction over the area owned by the proprietary, so all court actions are found within the records of the counties that comprised it. The Library holds local records such Research Notes Number 23 as deeds, wills, orders, loose papers, and tax records of these counties, and many of these are on microfilm and available for interlibrary loan. Researchers will find that the proprietary records provide a unique doc- umentary supplement to the extant records of this region. The history of Virginia has been enriched by their survival. Northern Neck Land Proprietary Records Introduction The records of the Virginia Land Office are a vital source of information for persons involved in genealog- ical and historical research. Many of these records are discussed in Research Notes Number 20, The Virginia Land Office. Not discussed are the equally rich and important records of the Northern Neck Land Proprietary, also known as the Fairfax Land Proprietary. While these records are now part of the Virginia Land Office, they were for more than a century the archive of a vast private land office owned and oper- ated by the Fairfax family. The lands controlled by the family comprised an area bounded by the Rappahannock and Potomac Rivers and stretched from the Chesapeake Bay to what is now West Virginia. It embraced all or part of the cur- rent Virginia counties and cities of Alexandria, Arlington, Augusta, Clarke, Culpeper, Fairfax, Fauquier, Frederick, Greene, King George, Lancaster, Loudoun, Madison, Northumberland, Orange, Page, Prince William, Rappahannock, Shenandoah, Stafford, Warren, Westmoreland, and Winchester, and the current West Virginia counties of Berkeley, Hampshire, Hardy, Jefferson, and Morgan.
    [Show full text]
  • The Shadow of Napoleon Upon Lee at Gettysburg
    Papers of the 2017 Gettysburg National Military Park Seminar The Shadow of Napoleon upon Lee at Gettysburg Charles Teague Every general commanding an army hopes to win the next battle. Some will dream that they might accomplish a decisive victory, and in this Robert E. Lee was no different. By the late spring of 1863 he already had notable successes in battlefield trials. But now, over two years into a devastating war, he was looking to destroy the military force that would again oppose him, thereby assuring an end to the war to the benefit of the Confederate States of America. In the late spring of 1863 he embarked upon an audacious plan that necessitated a huge vulnerability: uncovering the capital city of Richmond. His speculation, which proved prescient, was that the Union army that lay between the two capitals would be directed to pursue and block him as he advanced north Robert E. Lee, 1865 (LOC) of the Potomac River. He would thereby draw it out of entrenched defensive positions held along the Rappahannock River and into the open, stretched out by marching. He expected that force to risk a battle against his Army of Northern Virginia, one that could bring a Federal defeat such that the cities of Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Washington might succumb, morale in the North to continue the war would plummet, and the South could achieve its true independence. One of Lee’s major generals would later explain that Lee told him in the march to battle of his goal to destroy the Union army.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nanticoke Heritage Byway Corridor Management Plan Acknowledgements
    The Nanticoke Heritage Byway Corridor Management Plan Acknowledgements Steering Committee Donna Angel – Woodland Kevin Phillips - Bethel Linda Allen – Woodland Doug Marvil – Laurel Don Allen - Woodland Deborah Mitchell - Laurel Jim Blackwell – Seaford Gigi Windley – Phillips Farms Karin D’Armi Hunt – Seaford (Hearn’s Pond) Sterling Street – Nanticoke Indian Tribe Brenda Stover - Seaford (Hearn’s Pond) Dan Parsons - Sussex County Dave Hillegas – Bethel Ann Gravatt - Delaware Department of Transportation The Nanticoke Heritage Byway would like to thank the following for their continued dedication, assistance and guidance: Bethel Historic Society Laurel Redevelopment Corporation Community of Concord Nanticoke Indian Tribe Community of Woodland Previous Western Sussex Byway Committee Concord Historic Society Seaford Historic Society Delaware Department of Transportation Southern Delaware Tourism Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sussex County Council - Sponsor Control Dr. David Ames, University of Delaware – Center for Todd Lawson and Staff of Sussex County – IT, Mapping Historic Architecture and Design & Addressing, Engineering, Administration Federal Highway Administration Town of Bethel Greater Seaford Chamber of Commerce Town of Laurel HAPPEN group (Hearn’s Pond) Town of Seaford John Smith National Water Trail Woodland Church Laurel Chamber of Commerce Woodland Ferry Association Laurel Historic Society Woodland Historic Society State Government - former State Representative Cliff ord Lee (deceased), State Representative
    [Show full text]