mmWave Technology Evolution From WiGig to 5G Small Cells
Ali Sadri Intel Corporation Director of mmWave Standards & advanced Technology CEO & Chairman of WiGig Alliance June , 2013
1 Wireless Connectivity in Our Lives
2 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL What Do We Have in Common?
3 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL Available Unlicensed Frequency Bands • The 60GHz band offers 5 – 9 GHz of unlicensed bandwidth across most Geographies. USA - 7 GHz • 2.16GHz Bandwidth per channel • Compared with: Canada - 7 GHz • ~90 MHz in ISM band (2.4GHz band)Korea - 7 GHz • 20Mhz – 40MHz per channel EU - 9 GHz
• ~500 MHz in UNII band (5 GHz band)China - 5GHz • 20Mhz – 160MHz per channel Japan - 9 GHz
Channel Bandwidth ( GHz)
57.24 59.40 61.56 63.72 65.88
7 GHz available Bandwidth in most of the world 60 GHz Band 1 2 3
2.16 GHz per channel
2.4 GHz Band 5 GHz Bands Lower 1 3 Bands 2
~90 MHz ~500 MHz Bandwidth Bands are drawn to scale 4 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL Bandwidth mmWave Challenges
It doesn't go through the Wall! High Power, Needs a Fan!
Beam Forming does not Works Work! only in LOS!
Path 60 GHz Loss is Kills You! High!
5 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL mmWave Challenges
It doesn't go through the Wall! High Power, Needs a Fan!
Beam WiGig is Here! Forming does not Works Work! only in LOS!
Path 60 GHz Loss is Kills You! High!
6 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL WiGig Usage Models
Peer to peer Kiosk Sync & Nano small Instant Wireless Sync Cell ‐ IP based P2P applications ‐ Wireless I/O ‐ Media HotSpot
Wireless Display Wireless Display ‐HD streams over HDMI or DP ‐CE & PC & HH usages ‐Hulu, IPTV, YouTube
Cordless IO Distributed peripherals Wireless Docking ‐ Combination of Wireless display, sync and I/O
Access Access, Offload, Backhaul ‐ WiFi, IEEE TGad ‐ 3G/4G, Offload ‐ Small Cell Access & Backhaul
7 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL ABI Projection for WiGig Market
4,000
3,500
3,000 WiGig 2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
802.11n (2.4GHz) (Millions) 802.11n (dual-band) (Millions) 802.11n /802.11ac (Millions) 802.11n/802.11ac/802.11ad (tri-band) (Millions)
WiGig enabled chipsets will be over a BILLION units; almost 40% of all multiband chipset
8 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL WiGig Alliance Members
Board of Directors
Contributors
9 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL What is WiGig?
WiGig MAC/PHY – 802.11ad
10 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL WiGig System Attributes
MAC • Compatible with legacy 802.11 • Includes new PBSS mode (point to point) • Includes new channel access (TDMA) PHY • Includes Single Carrier rates up to 4.62Gbps • Includes OFDM rates up to 6.756Gbps PAL • WiGig Serial Extension(WSE) , USB payload over WiGig link • WiGig Bus Extension(WBE), PCIe over WiGig link • WiGig SDIO Extension(WSD), SDIO payload over WiGig link • WiGig Display Extention(WDE), HDMI and DP over WiGig link Industry Support • Royalty free 60GHz standard with wide industry support • IEEE 802.11ad publication by EOY 2012 Interoperability • Wi-Fi certified, Merged with WiFi Alliance Regulatory • Harmonized around the world • ITU-R recommended
11 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL WiGig: Evolution of a mmWave Technology
May 10 May 7 Oct 24 September 13 January 7 Wi-Fi Alliance® and WiGig Multigigabit Wireless WiGig Takes Center WiGig Alliance World’s First WiGig announce cooperation. Docking Demoed at Stage at 2013 is Born Technology Plugfest 802.11ad is formalized. IDF 2012 International CES
Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
June 30 Dec December 16 March + Certification Ready Merger MOU signed First Specification Merger Agreement Spec Published with Wi-Fi Alliance ® signed with Wi-Fi Alliance ®
November 3 April 5 January 31 A/V and I/O PAL 120+ Companies At WiGig First Joint Plugfest for Specifications Office Opening in Taipei WiGig -Wi-Fi Alliance®
12 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL WGA Merging with WFA
•Prevent ecosystem fragmentation, duplication and thus accelerate development & adoption
•Prevent confusion by delivering a high-impact integrated branding & communication
•Leverage existing brand recognition of WFA for MAC/PHY cert, USB for WSE cert and VESA for WDE cert
•Make efficient use of resources (people, travel, fees, certification, etc.)
13 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL WiGig Usage Models
Peer to peer Kiosk Sync & Nano small Instant wireless sync Cell ‐ IP based P2P applications ‐ Wireless I/O ‐ Media HotSpot
Wireless Display Wireless Display ‐HD streams over HDMI or DP ‐CE & PC & HH usages ‐Hulu, IPTV, YouTube
Wireless Docking Cordless IO Distributed peripherals
‐ Combination of Wireless display, sync and I/O
Access Access, Offload, Backhaul ‐ WiFi, IEEE TGad ‐ 3G/4G, Offload ‐ Small Cell Access & Backhaul
14 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL Exponentially Increasing Capacity
•Multi-company forecast of rapid growth of total traffic1:
•By 2016: Over 10B connected devices and Global mobile data traffic will reach 10.8 exabytes/month. 2
1. ITU-R Report M.2243: 15 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL2. Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2011–2016 mmWave Advantage
Capacity Increase Technique mmWave Advantage
Inherent Shorter Range and Densification (D) Beamsteering Mitigate Interference
mmWave Bands Support Bandwidth & Throughput (B) Multi-Gbps Rates
Beamsteering and MU-MIMO Spectrum Efficiency (S) Techniques Support PtP and PtMP in Same Frequency Band
Capacity Increase = D x B x S > 1000
16 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL Small Cell Components
Cellular Backhaul
Cellular Access Wi-Fi Offload
17 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL mmWave Capable Small Cells (MCSCs)
Cellular Backhaul
60 GHz E-Band LTE - Bands 6-42 GHz (Modified WiGig MAC-PHY) (70, 80 GHz)
Cellular Access Wi-Fi Offload
Multi-Gbps WiGig / LTE, 4G & 4G+ 802.11ac mmWave 802.11ad
Licensed Unlicensed
18 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL The mmWave Enabled HetNet
RX
TX TX RX
19 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL mmWave Small Cell vs. Modern LTE Femto
Tx Power = 25 dBm Tx Power = 26 dBm
x1000 Cell throughput comparison throughput increase LTE average : 50 Mbps/cell MU mmWave Small Cell: Up to 4 Gbps SU, 50 Gbps MU Energy efficiency / beamwidth comparison (green radio) LTE Femto antenna HPBW: 70-90° mmWave Small Cell antenna HPBW: 2-3° New feature: Intelligent beam control x30 • Per-beam power control to meet QoS and FCC requirements Energy efficiency increase • Beam steering / Beam tracking and Precise user positioning
20 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL Long Term Goal, MU-MIMO
21 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL The Search for Alternate Spectrum
Current 24 GHz Band LMDS Band 40 GHz Band 50 GHz Band 60 GHz Band 70-80 GHz Bands IMT Licensed Licensed Licensed Licensed Unlicensed Minimal Licensed bands
<1 GHz <4 GHz <4 GHz<3 GHz 7 GHz 5+5 GHz Global Global Global Global Global
MS MS MS MS MS
No Mobile Allocation In Region 1 & 2
30 40 60 1 3 10 20 24.25 25.25 50 70‐80 38.6 42.5 47.2 50.2 27 31 57 64
MS: Mobile Service allocation
22 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL Possible Frequency bands for mmWave Access
23 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL LMDS band plan in the US
24 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL 39 GHz band plan in the US
25 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL mmWave Path loss Comparisons Note: Assumption is that we are using the same TX/RX antennas gain for all bands. But it means that antenna size for 30GHz will be two times larger than for 60GHz (aperture size by 4 times bigger!). In the case of hard limitations on antenna size additional 6dB advantage will be lost for low frequency bands.
Oxigen Absorbance
2.3 GHz
30 GHz 40 GHz
60 GHz
26 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL CDF Vs SNR Comparison
SINR comparison for different frequency bands SINR comparison for different frequency bands 1 1 60 GHz 60 GHz 0.9 40 GHz 0.9 40 GHz 30 GHz 30 GHz 0.8 0.8
0.7 0.7
0.6 0.6
0.5 0.5 CDF CDF
0.4 0.4
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 SINR, dB SINR, dB
For 100 meters deployment 30 GHz outperform 60GHz on median level by 1.2 dB. For 200 meters deployment 30 GHz outperform 60GHz on median level by 2.4 dB.
27 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL Achieving Compatibility with Legacy Systems
Beam Refinement Alg Time Base
High Rate Phy Frame Structure Scheduler Acquisition and Train Access Protocols
28 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL Possible LTE-Assisted Handoff
29 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL Early Simulation result • For SU-MIMO mode mmWave communication system has shown 5.4 Gbps/cell throughput (90 Mbps/UE for 60 UE/cell) for 50 m Small cell size. (No overhead assumed)
• For MU-MIMO mode simulations, under reasonable assumptions, mmWave Small cell demonstrates 59 Gbps/cell throughput (about 1 Gbps/UE for 60 UE/cell) for 50 m Small cell size. (matching analytical results previously presented)
• The system without intelligent power transmit power control may violate FCC requirements on signal power density. ITPC scheme prevents this violation without substantial system performance metrics degradation (SW controlled EIRP/UE)
30 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL Simulation results: MU ranks for MU-MIMO modes
31 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL Cellular Systems Evolution
A new generation of cellular systems evolves every 5-7 years
REL REL REL REL REL REL
6 7 8 9 10 11, 12, xx
LTE LTE-A 5G 2004 2007 2009 2012
Beyond 4G technology research and development begins now!
32 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL Summary
•WiGig is a multi Gigabit wireless standards and technology that enhances the usability of WiFi beyond connectivity and networking •Multi Gigabit connectivity imposes higher capacity to the existing Cellular systems •To increase capacity, increased small cell density, higher throughput and spectral efficiency systems are required •mmWave enabled HetNet can significantly increase the system capacity •WiGig as a proven mmWave technology can be extended to mmWave cellular systems. •New generations of cellular systems evolve every 5-7 years, mmWave technology is a great candidate for beyond 4G systems
33 INTEL CONFIDENTIAL