DOCSLIB.ORG

The Origin, Development, and Refinement of Medieval Religious Mendicancies Brill’S Companions to the Christian Tradition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Origin, Development, and Refinement of Medieval Religious Mendicancies Brill’S Companions to the Christian Tradition The Origin, Development, and Refinement of Medieval Religious Mendicancies Brill’s Companions to the Christian Tradition A series of handbooks and reference works on the intellectual and religious life of Europe, 500–1700 Editor-in-Chief Christopher M. Bellitto (Kean University) VOLUME 24 The Origin, Development, and Refinement of Medieval Religious Mendicancies Edited by Donald S. Prudlo LEIDEN • BOSTON 2011 The cover illustration shows “The Founding of the Third Order,” a detail from a cycle of the life of Francis by Bonaventura Berlinghieri, taken from the Church of San Francesco in Pescia, Italy. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The origin, development, and refinement of medieval religious mendicancies / edited by Donald Prudlo. p. cm. – (Brill's companions to the Christian tradition, ISSN 1871-6377 ; v. 24) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-18180-9 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Friars–Europe–History–To 1500. 2. Church history–Middle Ages, 600-1500. I. Prudlo, Donald, 1976- II. Title. III. Series. BX2820.O75 2011 271'.060940902–dc22 2010048892 ISSN 1871-6377 ISBN 978 90 04 18180 9 Copyright 2011 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. CONTENTS NotesonContributors................................................. vii Introduction ........................................................... xi Donald S. Prudlo section i the origins and foundation of mendicancy Chapter One. The Origins of Religious Mendicancy in Medieval Europe............................................................... 3 Augustine Thompson, O.P. Chapter Two. From Osma to Bologna, from Canons to Friars, from the Preaching to the Preachers: the Dominican Path TowardsMendicancy ............................................... 31 Anthony John Lappin Chapter Three. Female Mendicancy: A Failed Experiment? The CaseofSaintClareofAssisi........................................ 59 Joan Mueller section ii the development and articulation of mendicant ideals Chapter Four. Mendicancy among the Early Saints of the Begging Orders............................................................... 85 Donald S. Prudlo Chapter Five. Pastoral Care, Inquisition, and Mendicancy in the MedievalFranciscanOrder......................................... 117 Holly J. Grieco Chapter Six. The Forging of an Intellectual Defense of Mendicancy intheMedievalUniversity.......................................... 157 Andrew Traver vi contents Chapter Seven. Mendicants and the Italian Communes in Salimbene’s Cronaca ................................................ 197 David Foote section iii the reception and appropriation of mendicancy in the middle ages Chapter Eight. Mendicant Orders and the Reality of Economic LifeinItalyintheMiddleAges..................................... 241 Antonio Rigon Chapter Nine. Effects of the Spiritual Franciscan Controversy on theMendicantIdeal................................................. 277 David Burr Chapter Ten. The Hidden Life of the Friars: The Mendicant Orders in the Work of Walter Hilton, William Langland, Geoffrey Chaucer,andtheirLiteraryWorld ................................. 307 Patricia R. Bart Chapter Eleven. Mendicancy in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth centuries: “Ubi necessitas non urgeat”: The Preachers Facing the “refrigescenscaritas”................................................ 335 Silvia Nocentini SelectBibliography .................................................... 363 Index................................................................... 373 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Patricia Bart is a member of the editorial board of the Piers Plow- man Electronic Archive and specializes in the study of manuscripts of Piers Plowman. Her dissertation, “The Whole Book: Textual, Codicolog- ical, Paleographical and Linguistic Artifacts in Huntington Library Hm (Ht) of Piers Plowman” (University of Virginia, ) is in prepa- ration for publication in the Piers Plowman Electronic Archive series of documentary editions of the surviving manuscripts, published by The Medieval Academy of America and Boydell and Brewer. Dr. Bart teaches Old and Middle English literature, a course in rhetoric and great books, and seminars on Chaucer, Arthurian literature, the British comedic tra- dition, and gardens in literature at Hillsdale College. David Burr is Emeritus Professor of History at Virginia Tech. He is the author of numerous studies of the Spiritual Franciscan controversy and of the thought of Peter John Olivi. Some of his works include: The Persecution of Peter Olivi (American Philosophical Society, ); Olivi and Franciscan Poverty (University of Pennsylvania Press, ); and The Spiritual Franciscans (Penn State Press, ), which received the Shea Prize, the Marraro Prize, and the Gründler Prize. He has also recently released a translation of Angelo Clareno’s A Chronicle or History of the Seven Tribulations of the Order of the Brothers Minor. He has been a fellow of Greyfriars, Oxford and is a life member of Clare Hall, Oxford. David Foote received his Ph.D. in from the University of Cal- ifornia, Davis and currently serves as Associate Professor of Medieval History at the University of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minnesota. His area of specialty is Medieval Italian Church and City States. His publica- tions include, Lordship, Reform, and the Development of Civil Society in Medieval Italy: The Bishopric of Orvieto, – (University of Notre Dame Press, ); “The Quiet City: Factional Violence and Papal State- building in Fourteenth-Century Orvieto,” in Paula Findlen, Michelle Fontaine, and Duane Osheim eds. Beyond Florence: Rethinking Medieval and Early Modern Italy (Stanford University Press, ); “How the Past Becomes a Rumor: The Notarialization Of Historical Consciousness in Medieval Orvieto,” Speculum : (October, ), –. viii notes on contributors Holly J. Grieco received a Ph.D. in Medieval History from Princeton University, where she completed a dissertation entitled “A Dilemma of Obedience and Authority: The Franciscan Inquisition and Franciscan Inquisitors in Provence, –.” She is currently an Assistant Pro- fessor of Religious Studies at Siena College in Loudonville, New York, where she enjoys teaching courses on the history of the Abrahamic reli- gious traditions, women in religion, and, of course, Franciscan Stud- ies. Anthony John Lappin is Senior Lecturer in the School of Languages, Linguistics and Cultures in the University of Manchester (UK), and spe- cialises in the study of early Iberian vernacular and Hispano-Latin works. He has published recently on the thirteenth-century poet, Gonçalvo de Verçeo, and on the early medieval history of Santa María de Valvanera (La Rioja, Spain). He is currently working on an edition and translation of Robert of Ketton’s Alcoranus latinus.HeispresidentoftheSocietyforthe Study of Medieval Languages and Literatures, and editor of the Medium Aevum Monographs series. Joan Mueller, OSC, Ph.D. is an active Poor Clare Sister and a profes- sor of systematic theology and Christian spirituality at Creighton Uni- versity in Omaha, Nebraska, Dr. Mueller is the author of eleven books and numerous scholarly encyclopedic entries and articles including A Companion to Clare of Assisi: Life, Writings, and Spirituality (Brill, ); The Privilege of Poverty: Clare of Assisi, Agnes of Prague, and the Strug- gle for a Franciscan Rule for Women (Pennsylvania State University Press, ); Clare of Assisi: The Letters to Agnes (The Liturgical Press, ); and Clare’s Letters to Agnes: Texts and Sources (The Franciscan Institute, ). Dr. Mueller served as the historical consultant to the Assisi musical, Francesco: Il Musical and wrote the accompanying novel Francis: The Saint of Assisi (New City Press, , ) which has been translated into Dutch, German, and Italian. Silvia Nocentini is chief editor of C.A.L.M.A., Compendium Aucto- rum Latinorum Medii Aevii at SISMEL (Società Internazionale per lo Studio del medioevo Latino) in Florence. She specialises in Medieval Hagiography and her recent publications include: “Raimondo da Capua: Legenda beate Agnetis virginis de Monte Politiano,Edizionecritica,”Edi- zioni del Galluzzo (Florence, ); “Lo “scriptorium” di Tommaso Caf- farini a Venezia” Hagiographica (), –; “La diffusione della notes on contributors ix Legenda Major di Santa Caterina in ambiente domenicano” in Il velo, la penna e la parola, eds. Gabriella Zarri and Gianni Festa (Florence, ), pp. –. Donald Prudlo is Assistant Professor of Ancient and Medieval History at Jacksonville State University in Jacksonville, AL. His research interests include hagiography and saint’s lives, medieval miracle stories, Church history, and the development of canonization. His publications include The Martyred Inquisitor: The Life and Cult of Peter of Verona (†), (Ashgate, ); “The Assassin Saint: The Life and Cult of Carino of Bal- samo” in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Waldensians and Franciscans a Comparative Study of Two Reform Movements in the Late Twelfth and Early Thirteenth Centuries
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 8-1971 Waldensians and Franciscans a Comparative Study of Two Reform Movements in the Late Twelfth and Early Thirteenth Centuries Stanley D. Pikaart Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Medieval Studies Commons Recommended Citation Pikaart, Stanley D., "Waldensians and Franciscans a Comparative Study of Two Reform Movements in the Late Twelfth and Early Thirteenth Centuries" (1971). Master's Theses. 2906. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/2906 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WALDENSIANS AND FRANCISCANS A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO REFORM MOVEMENTS IN THE LATE TWELFTH AND EARLY THIRTEENTH CENTURIES by Stanley D, Pikaart A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Master of Arts Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan August, 1971 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My thanks and appreciations are extended to profes­ sors Otto Grundler of the Religion department and George H. Demetrakopoulos of the Medieval Institute for their time spent in reading this paper. I appreciate also the help and interest of Mrs. Dugan of the Medieval Institute. I cannot express enough my thanks to Professor John Sommer- feldt for his never-ending confidence and optimism over the past several years and for his advice and time spent going over in detail the several drafts of this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Waldensian Doctrinal Developments in 14Th Century Austria and Italy
    WALDENSIAN DOCTRINAL DEVELOPMENTS IN 14TH CENTURY AUSTRIA AND ITALY By Thomas E. Bensing Submitted to Department of History Central European University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Professor Matthias Riedl Second Reader: Professor Gyorgy Szonyi CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2015 Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author. CEU eTD Collection i ABSTRACT This project began as an investigation into the distinctiveness of the Austrian Waldensian experience, with an eye towards high theology, such as it was among the Waldensians. This is what lead me to investigate the letters surrounding the conversion of Johannes Leser and Siegfried in the mid-14th century. However, in the course of my investigation I repeatedly found evidence of the close ties between the Austrians and the Italians, with the Austrians habitually turning to the Italians as a focus of spiritual authority within the movement. This was true to such an extent that I was forced to reject the idea of a dogmatic distinction between the Austrian and Italian Waldensians, at least in the context of normative theology as espoused by religious elites. After this realization, I began to focus on the ways in which this unity between the movements was constituted, and to widen my focus somewhat.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern French Waldensians and the Albigensian Crusade Abstract This Paper Contributes N
    ‘Sunt quadraginta anni vel circa’: Southern French Waldensians and the Albigensian Crusade Abstract This paper contributes new evidence and a new perspective to the study of the religious heresy known as Waldensianism in the high-medieval Languedoc, and its relationship to both orthodox authority and the ‘Cathar’ heresy. Although they were outlawed by Rome in 1184, Waldensians were operating openly in the Cathar lands pertaining to the viscounts of Béziers and the counts of Toulouse and Foix-with clerical complicity. This was until the Albi- gensian Crusade (1209-29). Its northern French army attacked Cathars and their noble sup- porters, but began executing Waldensians too. This paper offers a precise chronology and demography for these processes of toleration and persecution. For the first time, it reveals that from 1209, Waldensian refugees re-located beyond the warzone, fleeing to the County of Rodez, the north of the County of Quercy, and the Duchy of Gascony, and were no longer to be found in the Cathar heartlands. In doing this, it sheds light on the wider process of suppressing minority religious groups in the high middle ages, particularly their social and geographical dislocation and assimilation. It also contributes to the related historiographical debate concerning the nature of heresy in medieval Languedoc more generally. 178 words ‘Sunt quadraginta anni vel circa’: Southern French Waldensians and the Albigensian Crusade Medieval Waldensians constituted an important movement of Apostolic Christianity, devot- ed to reforming lay religious practice. They were outlawed as heretical throughout Europe in 1184, but the quotation in the title of this paper-‘It was around forty years ago’- refers to the recollections of inquisitorial witnesses in Languedoc in the mid-1240s, that Waldensians had operated openly in the region as recently as four decades previously.
    [Show full text]
  • Waldensian History: a Brief Sketch
    Waldensian History: A Brief Sketch Introduction This is merely an overview of Waldensian history, based primarily on the sources noted below. Also included are personal observations from years of studying medieval history and heresy. Tourn, Giorgio. You Are My Witnesses (Torino: Claudiana, 1989). Available in the United States through Friendship Press, PO Box 37844, Cincinnati OH 45222; (513) 948-8733. Highly readable and informative. Stephens, Prescot. The Waldensian Story: A Study in Faith, Intolerance and Survival. (Lewes, Sussex: The Book Guild Ltd, 1998) ISBN 1 85776 280 0. When in stock, available in the U.S. through the American Waldensian Society, P.O. Box 744, Whitehall, PA 18052. Covers Waldensian history to the present. Also very readable. For periods with enough documentation as evidence, he is willing to discuss the occasional Waldensian weaknesses as they dealt with their challenges. Cameron, Euan. The Reformation of the Heretics: The Waldenses of the Alps, 1480-1580 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984). Cameron's claims about the dating and meaning of the synod at Chanforan in 1532, where the decision was made to adhere to the Reformation, have not been accepted by other historians. Further, he limits too severely the sources of information he is willing to consider. This attempt to eliminate sources that may bias his findings results in an unfortunate counter-bias that skews some of his conclusions. It is primarily useful for the detail about Waldensians in the Dauphiné (eastern France). If you wish to read one or more of these but prefer not to buy them, your nearest library that belongs to the Interlibrary Loan system should be able to obtain a copy.
    [Show full text]
  • Poor of Christ” and Their Significant Impact on Setting the Scene for the 16Th Century Reformation
    The “Poor of Christ” and their significant impact on setting the scene for the 16th Century Reformation by Horst Müller Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PhD in Church History and Church Polity in the Department of Systematic and Historical Theology Faculty of Theology and Religion University of Pretoria May 2020 Promoter: Professor Jerry Pillay Declaration I declare that the thesis, “The “Poor of Christ” and their significant impact on setting the scene for the 16th Century Reformation” which I hereby submit for the degree at the University of Pretoria, is my own work and has not previously been submitted by me for a degree at this or any other tertiary institution. Horst Müller Student No u17052752 18 May 2020 The author, whose name appears on the title page of this thesis, has obtained, for the research described in this work, the applicable research ethics approval. The author declares that he has observed the ethical standards required in terms of the University of Pretoria’s Code of ethics for researchers and the Policy guidelines for responsible research. ii Acknowledgements “The Waldensians are the oldest Reformation movement” – This by-the-way remark at a conference in 2015 caught my attention, prompting me to find out more about the movement whose name I knew, but nothing more. I want to thank the President of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Italy, Christiane Groeben, for this remark. She is not aware of what she started! I thank Prof. Jerry Pillay for taking the time to listen to my initial very vague idea that I wanted to research.
    [Show full text]
  • Decoding Ancient Waldensian Names: New Discoveries
    Andrews University Seminary Studies, Vol. 54, No. 2, 237–258. Copyright © 2016 Andrews University Seminary Studies. DECODING ANCIENT WALDENSIAN NAMES: NEW DISCOVERIES P. Gerard Damsteegt Andrews University The ancient Waldenses were members of a reformation movement, which existed in various parts of Europe, especially in the Alpine regions of Italy, France, and Spain during the high Middle Ages. Considered forerunners of the Protestant Reformation by various historians,1 the Waldenses stressed the importance of strict adherence to the teachings of the Bible. Observing that many teachings and practices of the Roman Church were more based on tradition than on the Bible, they rejected several Catholic doctrines and traditions. After investigating their teachings at the Third Lateran Council (1179), the Church denied Waldenses permission to preach. In addition, the Council of Verona (1184) included the Waldenses among the heretical movements of that time.2 This condemnation was repeated in subsequent councils and brought severe persecution, which caused them to flee to more hospitable regions, resulting in a further dissemination of their teachings to other parts of Europe, such as England, Germany, Austria, Poland, and Bohemia. Waldenses, referred to by many as the “Poor of Lyon,”3 differed from other reform-minded groups arising during the Middle Ages, in that they did not disappear or become absorbed into other movements, but continued their unique presence until today. Statement of Problem From the end of the twelfth century, opponents of the Waldenses called them insabbatati, insabbatatis, xabatati, xabatenses, sabbatati, sabatatos, inzabattati, insabbatatorum, and insabbatatos.4 These words can be traced back to the basic 1Earle E.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Franciscan Painted Panels As a Response to the Italian Cathars ______
    EARLY FRANCISCAN PAINTED PANELS AS A RESPONSE TO THE ITALIAN CATHARS _____________________________ A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia _____________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy _____________________________ by REBECCA ANNE HERTLING RUPPAR Dr. Anne Rudloff Stanton, Dissertation Supervisor JULY 2020 © Copyright by Rebecca A.H. Ruppar, 2020. All rights reserved. The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled EARLY FRANCISCAN PAINTED PANELS AS A RESPONSE TO THE ITALIAN CATHARS presented by Rebecca Anne Hertling Ruppar, a candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. _________________________________________ Professor Anne Rudloff Stanton _________________________________________ Professor Jill Raitt _________________________________________ Professor Marcus Rautman _________________________________________ Professor Alisa McCusker DEDICATION Thank you to my dad who believed in me before I believed in myself and my mom who taught me to look for beauty and find it in unexpected places… To my brothers and sister for laughing with me through the process… And especially to my husband, Todd, and my sons, Paul and Edward, for their immeasurable love, boundless patience, and unwavering encouragement. I could not have achieved my dream without you. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I extend my heartfelt gratitude
    [Show full text]
  • The Offices for the Two Feasts of Saint Dominic Dissertation Presented In
    The Offices for the Two Feasts of S ain t Dominic Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree Doctor of Philosophy In the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Patrick Michael Taylor Bergin Jr., M.A. Graduate Program in Music The Ohio State University 2019 Dissertation Committee: Charles Atkinson, Advisor David Clampitt Lois Rosow Copyright by Patrick Michael Taylor Bergin Jr. 2019 Abstract The foundation of the Order of Preachers in 1216 by Dominic of Osma (ca. 1173 - 1221, and the founder’s own meritorious life — exemplifying the virtues of a vir evangelicus for his spiritual descendants — represent a key moment in the religious history of the Middle Ages. Receiving its definitive form in the mid - 1250s, the Dominican Rite provided for the liturgical celebration and memorial of its founder with two feasts: the p rincipal feast, 5 August, held on the vigil of his death, and the translation, 24 May, celebrating the transfer of his relics on that date in 1233, during which a miraculous fragrance ( odor mirificus ) and many healings occurred, speeding along Dominic’s ca nonization, which occurred on 3 July 1234. The two offices for these feasts developed in stages similar to those of the liturgy of the Rite to which they belonged. In addition to a study of these developments, the present dissertation examines the proper chants of the offices and presents the results in commentaries on each item. This analysis reveals that the texts were carefully constructed, with attention to narrative continuity based on Dominic’s early vitae , allusion to biblical and patristic sources, and the creation of striking poetic effects.
    [Show full text]
  • Morality Among Cathar Perfects and Believers in France and Italy, 1100-1300
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 12-1976 Morality Among Cathar Perfects and Believers in France and Italy, 1100-1300 James Edward Myers Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Myers, James Edward, "Morality Among Cathar Perfects and Believers in France and Italy, 1100-1300" (1976). Master's Theses. 2385. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/2385 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MORALITY AMONG CATHAR PERFECTS AND BELIEVERS IN FRANCE AND ITALY, 1100-1300 by James Edward Myers A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Master of Arts Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan December 1976 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For my first introduction into the study of Catharism, as well as the encouragement to pursue my idea that many of the historians who have commented upon Cathar behavior were in error, I should like to express my gratitude to Professor John R. Sommerfeldt. I should also like to thank Professor Otto Grundler, Dr. Rozanne Elder, and Professor Sommerfeldt for the help they provided during the course of my studies and for their kind acceptance of my request that they serve on my thesis committee.
    [Show full text]