Page 1 of 68 www.moorestephens-ye.com PRECISE. PROVEN. PERFORMANCE.
Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 4 INTRODUCTION ...... 9 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH ...... 10 SUB-COMPONENT 1.1: CASH-FOR-WORK AND YOUTH-TARGETED COMMUNITY SERVICES .... 11 1.1.1 CASH-for-WORK ...... 11 Assessment on Quality of Project Management ...... 13 Assessment on Implementation Progress towards Targets ...... 19 Impact/Effect of Interventions ...... 19 Recommendations ...... 22 1.1.2. CASH-for-SOCIAL SERVICES - YOUTH ...... 24 1.1.3. CASH-for-SOCIAL SERVICE - NUTRITION ...... 31 SUB-COMPONENT 1.2: SMALL COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 37 Quality of Project Management ...... 38 Assessment of Implementation Progress compared to Targets ...... 42 Impact/Effect of Interventions ...... 49 Lessons Learned ...... 50 Recommendations ...... 50 SUB-COMPONENT1.3: SME REVITALIZATION AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION ...... 53 1.3.1 Hadhramaut Microfinance Program ...... 53 Summary of Findings ...... 53 Recommendations ...... 56 1.3.2 Farmers Support ...... 57 Quality of Project Management: ...... 57 Livelihood Improvement and Impact: ...... 60 Recommendations ...... 61 ANNEXS ...... 62 Annex A: GIS System ...... 62 Annex B: MAPs ...... 63 Annex C: Datasets of 5th TPM Survey ...... 65 Annex D: Data Collection Tools ...... 66 Annex E: M&E Notices and IPs Responses...... 67 Annex F: MFI Assessment Details ...... 67 Annex G: Photos ...... 67 Annex H: Videos ...... 67
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CAC Cooperative and Agricultural Credit CEO Chief Executive Officer CfW Cash-for-Work CfSS Cash-for-Social Services CfSS-Y Cash-for-Social Services – Youth GIS Geographic Information Systems GPS Global Positioning System
IDPs Internally Displaced Persons
KI Key Informant KII Key Informant Interview LLC Limited Liability Company M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MFI Micro Finance Institution MFP Micro Finance Program MSY Moore Stephens Yemen PPE Personal Protection Equipment PWP Public Works Project SCI Small Community Infrastructure SEEP Small Enterprise Education Promotion (SEEP) framework
SES Social and Environmental Screening SFD Social Fund for Development SME Small and Medium Enterprise SMEPS Small and Micro-Enterprise Promotion Service TPM Third Party Monitoring TPMA Third Party Monitoring Agency U5 Under five years UNDP United Nations Development Programme WC Water Closet WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
YECRP Yemen Emergency Crisis Response Project
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Yemen Emergency Crisis Response Project (YECRP) is a 34-month project funded by the World Bank and launched in September 2016. The project is implemented by UNDP through two national institutions: Social Fund for Development (SFD) and Public Works Projects (PWP). The project aims to mitigate the adverse impact of the current crisis on the people of Yemen through supporting emergency recovery efforts. To strengthen UNDP’s management role, Moore Stephens - Yemen (MSY) was contracted as a Third-Party Monitoring Agent (TPMA) to conduct field monitoring and evaluation of the sub-project activities and outputs. This report covers project implementation during January – March 2018; and highlights TPMA findings on results and impact, challenges, recommendations and lessons learned.
During this assessment period, MSY conducted 25 field visits to monitor progress in all aspects of the project. The assessment was designed in consultation with UNDP considering several factors including sample size; methodology; and scope of qualitative data, analysis and presentation. Accordingly, UNDP reviewed the assessment tools including forms (desk review and assets verification), direct beneficiary questionnaire, and key informant semi-structured guides. The tools aimed to verify interventions on ground, assess progress and impact, and capture community and beneficiary perceptions for each sub-component.
Moreover, MSY verified implementation of planned interventions, adherence to agreed implementation procedures, quality of interventions and impact on target communities, and satisfaction among beneficiaries and community members. This report also provides different decision-making entities (World Bank, UNDP, SFD, and PWP) with a prioritized list of recommended actions according to the findings.
Major Findings
Sub-component 1.1: Cash-for-Work and Youth Targeted Community Services o Interventions created considerable improvement in the livelihoods of most beneficiaries and their families as confirmed by 95 percent of the beneficiaries, (gender disaggregated data1: 94 percent of male, 100 percent of female). It was found that project supported income opportunities helped beneficiary families to afford food, health care and education for their children.
1 Gender disaggregation in this report critically analyzes the differences in gender roles, perception, activities, needs, opportunities and rights/entitlements that affect men and women in all aspects of YECRP interventions. In addition, the analysis examines the relationships between men and women, their access to and constraints relative to each other. Data analysis focuses on gender in terms of the socio-economic context rather than only biological markers (sex: male and female). For instance, for satisfaction with the payment process, the report first focuses on overall opinions from all interviewed beneficiaries (both male and female); and then considers male and female as separate groups and highlights their opinions separately (i.e. A certain percentage of males are satisfied within the interviewed group of male beneficiaries, and similarly a certain percentage of females are satisfied within the interviewed group of female beneficiaries). This method considers UNFPA and World Bank approaches of gender disaggregation (Sources: Guide on the Gender Analysis of Census Data | UNFPA 2014; 2016 The Little Data Book on Gender, World Bank Indicators, World Bank, http://datatopics.worldbank.org/gender/country/yemen,-rep).
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o Cash-for-Work (CfW) interventions helped targeted communities have improved access to services like transport (44 percent), drinking water (65 percent), hygiene and sanitation (39 percent) and irrigation water (17 percent) as reported by interviewed community members. o It was found that community members were engaged in identifying priorities during selection of interventions as 94 percent of Key Informants (KIs) stated. o The quality of visited sub-projects was satisfactory to targeted communities as 95 percent of respondents confirmed, with 69 percent being strongly satisfied. However, four percent of beneficiaries were strongly dissatisfied due to improper implementation (cracks) and insufficient use of material (cement) (Sub-project ID: 300-13313, Type: diversified)2. o About one-fourth (23 percent) of beneficiaries complained of delay in receiving their payments due to the cash transfer process and clearance. Mention worthy is that such complaints existed exclusively in the southern part of the country (Aden, Lahj, and Hadramaut governorates). o Timeliness of CfW interventions was satisfactory to 91 percent of beneficiaries (97 percent of male, 64 percent of female), whereas only three percent were dissatisfied, and the rest (four percent) were neutral. o Implementation of CfW sub-projects complied with fiduciary rules as no single complaint of unjustified deduction or any other payment by beneficiaries for selection was reported. In addition, 80 percent of beneficiaries (male: 80 percent; female: 97 percent) were aware of the grievance redress system, while the rest were not. These results were an improved of the previous assessment (4th TPM assessment) in which only 76 percent (79 percent of male, 50 percent of female) were aware. o Gender aspects were appropriately considered according to 79 percent of interviewed female beneficiaries. However, seven percent found the assigned works exhausting, and 14 percent faced challenges in carrying materials at construction sites. Moreover, about one-fifth (21 percent) of interviewed female beneficiaries reported that assigned tasks in CfW interfered with their household responsibilities due to extended working hours. o Social cohesion was improved within targeted communities as almost 99 percent of beneficiaries reported that interventions were selected and implemented through community participation, bringing various group of community people together, addressing community needs, creating jobs and income opportunities for different vulnerable community members and improving access to basic services. However, there were some minor disputes in two interventions, which were peacefully resolved as reported by four percent of beneficiaries. o No negative effects were found on workers’ health and safety or the environment due to CfW interventions. Workers’ safety/protective gear (like helmets and gloves) were found available and used in all visited sub-projects. However, first aid kit was not found in an education intervention in Lahj. o Cash-for-Social Service (CfSS) sub-projects helped youth to get appropriate employment opportunities and empowered them to engage in community services. o CfSS-Youth interventions received a full level of satisfaction (100 percent) among direct beneficiaries in various aspects including interventions’ selection process, existence of intervention, beneficiary selection process, training topics and payment process. However, over a third (37 percent) youth beneficiaries complained about delay in payments due to lack of liquidity in the bank (CAC Bank).
2 An M&E notice was issued to SFD on this finding in order to take necessary follow-up actions. Page 5 of 68
o CfSS -Youth intervention helped youth participants improve their families' livelihoods as reported by 88 percent of the participants. Youth beneficiaries also stated that the income opportunity helped them ensure availability of food (88 percent) for their families, meet education expenses (38 percent) and make savings (38 percent). o CfSS- Nutrition sub-projects recorded a high level of satisfactory among all Key Informants interviewed (KIs). o All key informants, beneficiary mothers and health educators were satisfied with the existence of CfSS – Nutrition. o Beneficiary selection was found highly satisfactory at all levels of beneficiary - health educators (100 percent), beneficiary mothers (89 percent) and KIs (100 percent). In addition, training topics, payment process, payment amount and timeliness of implementation was highly satisfactory among educators and beneficiary mothers. o (All health educators were aware of beneficiary selection criteria compared to 67 percent of beneficiary mothers.
Sub-Component 1.2: Small Community Infrastructure3 o Interventions were found to be highly satisfactory to target communities in different aspects: 100 percent were satisfied with the identification process and selection of beneficiaries; 90 percent with timeliness of interventions; 100 percent with quality of the interventions; and 100 percent with the existence of interventions. o Community committee members were notably involved in the selection of community infrastructure sub-projects and participated in prioritizing community needs as 80 percent of KIs reported. Local authorities were also involved as 55 percent of KIs confirmed. o Small community infrastructure interventions created positive impacts in providing services like hygiene and sanitation, provision of water for households, protecting agricultural land from erosion, and rehabilitating roads which improved access to all kinds of services. o All sub-project assets were found existing in sub-project sites, GPS tagged photos and videos were captured and accessible as specified in the annexes. o Eighty percent of visited sub-projects were behind schedule according to the IP’s implementation plan. However, such delays were found justifiable in all cases. Reasons for delay included a dispute over property (Sanitation sub-project in the Capital City), local interference regarding specification (Road rehabilitation in Aden), technical challenges, security situation and others. Although all of these reasons were resolved, intensifying works is needed to accelerate implementation. o Majority of sub-projects were found in compliance of most quality aspects4. Only minor defects were found (slight leakage of water) in 10 percent of sub-projects, and 10 percent of sub-projects were found lacking adequate labour. Nevertheless, the mentioned minor issues were reported to the IP for corrective action.
3 PWP responses to some of the findings and/or M&E notices issued by the Third Party Monitoring Agent are presented in Annex E 4 Quality Aspects contain: cleanness and quality of materials, adequacy of labour, quality of implementation, major or minor defects, quality of component measurements, quality of final measurements, availability and condition of tools and equipment. Page 6 of 68
o Adherence to safety conditions was observed as 71 percent of necessary safety gear5 was provided and used by workers during the field visits. Key informants, and labourers stated that on average, 91 percent of safety conditions were considered. However, a fatal incident6, due to an airstrike, was reported in Sa’ada Governorate and caused suspension of the sub-project.
Sub-component 1.3: SME Revitalization and Employment Generation
Support to Micro Financial Institutions (MFIs): An institutional assessment of Hadhramaut Microfinance Program was conducted. Analysis of the MFI showed:
o Losses: More than YER 143 million loss was recorded as at 31 December 2015. However, the management was able to achieve YER 45 million in 2016. o The assessment found that the MFI has adopted SFD recommended chartered accounting systems in addition to SEEP framework7. However, the structure and chart lacks appropriate levels of Risk Management. o The written Operations Manual developed by the program explicitly stated the loan policy which was adequate to minimize debt risk during the current crisis. Also, a policy on Provisions of Doubtful Debts existed; and recorded YER 227 million by the end of 2015, which then increased to YER 231 million. o The MFI maintains proper guarantees for loans which included individual and group, commercial, gold, checks, post office, job, and pension guarantees. o No first or second relatives of managers were included in the payroll. However, no proper anti- corruption policy was adopted by the foundation. o Hadhramaut Micro Finance Institution was able to follow-up and collect a considerable amount of loans to sustain operations and achieve profits after the cumulative losses of 2015. o Financial statements were audited externally for 2015, and 2016. Hadhramaut MFI was able to sustain and retain its personnel since 2015. o The Foundation is in a good shape financially and was found at low risk and complying with standard MFI management approaches.
Farmers Support: o Communities and beneficiary farmers were satisfied with the identification of sub-projects (92 percent of beneficiaries and 75 percent of key informants), and beneficiary selection (67 of beneficiaries and 75 percent of KIs). However, implementation was slightly affected in some cases because of delays in delivering support8. o All selected farmers acknowledged receiving advanced farming techniques in drip irrigation systems and fertilizers. Half of them added that they received tulle, mulches and trainings in installing irrigation systems. Additionally, 8 percent received seeds as part of the support.
5 MSY investigated the availability and necessity of helmets, safety boots, gloves, jackets, gages, protective glasses, and first aid kits 6 UNDP commissioned and investigation by the Third-Party Monitoring Agent, which submitted an in-depth report of finding and recommendations. The report was shared with the World Bank, and UNDP and PWP are following up on the recommendations. 7 SEEP framework and a robust information system 8 The support was delivered several months after conducting the project survey
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o Productivity of supported farmers notably increased due to modern input support as declared by 92 percent of beneficiaries. The increase was, on average, 27 percent of the previous production. The remaining farmers were, however, not able to estimate their production since they had not yet harvested their crops. o Increased production capacities improved the livelihoods of 75 percent of targeted farmers. The remaining farmers could not estimate improvement of livelihoods until they actually harvest and sell their crops. o Seventy-five percent of supported beneficiary farmers confirmed that the intervention was coupled with additional employment opportunities (seasonal) for community members during implementation and harvesting. o Social cohesion was improved in targeted areas as harmony and belonging were confirmed by all beneficiaries. In addition, no conflict was triggered because of the intervention, and 50 percent of beneficiaries helped other farmers in adopting modern inputs which improved relationships among them.
Challenges: o Argument over property, transport for materials, high cost of water in a road rehabilitation intervention, and exhaustive work were the main challenges in CfW intervention as beneficiaries reported. o Difficult road conditions especially in transportation of construction materials to sub-project sites, flash floods, and a volatile security situation were noted as major implementation challenges in small community infrastructure sub-projects.
Lessons Learned: o CfW interventions provided beneficiaries with new skills that improved their future employment opportunities in all sectors especially in education, rural road rehabilitation, and street rehabilitation interventions. Skills included construction, wall-coating, cement mixture, soil treatment and others. o Community Small Infrastructure sub-projects (Rural road in Al- Mahweet) encouraged ownership through community contribution and collaboration in which a farmer offered his savings to extend the road to reach beyond the targeted location.
Key Recommendation: o Hadhramaut MFI should make risk management report directly to the CEO and be responsible of assessing all risks (Including Information System Risks), not only operations o There is need for SFD and PWP to exert more effort in increasing awareness of selection criteria, and the grievance mechanism among beneficiaries and communities. o PWP should find ways of coordinating with contractors to intensify works in delayed sub-project; and settle the airstrike issue with the contractor of affected sub-project. o SFD and SMEPS should minimize support delivery time; evaluate suppliers according to quality and time of delivery; and introduce support in optimal agricultural seasons. o To enhance the grievance redress mechanism, it is recommended that IPs consider having call centers rather than using staff phone numbers to receive complaints.
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INTRODUCTION
The World Bank-funded Yemen Emergency Crisis Response Project (YECRP) is a 34-month Project implemented by UNDP through two national institutions: Social Fund for Development (SFD) and Public Works Project (PWP). It aims to mitigate the adverse impact of the current crisis on the people of Yemen through supporting their recovery efforts using a bottom-up approach based on local systems, and boost capacities of institutions to progressively resume and scale up service delivery. The project contributes to the Economic Resilience and Recovery component of the UNDP Yemen Program; and seeks to achieve three key results: (i) Increasing short-term employment and livelihood opportunities; (ii) Reviving the local private sector; and (iii) Restoring key service delivery through small-scale infrastructure.
Moore Stephens Yemen (MSY) has been selected as a Third Party Monitoring Agent (TPMA) of the Project to enhance management oversight by monitoring implementation in areas where UNDP's reach is limited due to security constraints. The Third Party Monitoring (TPM) survey mainly focuses on verifying the quality and quantity of implemented interventions in all aspects including existence of assets and interventions; adherence to specified criteria and standards, and fiduciary role; benefits created for target beneficiaries and communities; existence and efficacy of grievance redress mechanisms; and compliance with environmental and social safeguards. These aspects are measured through various methods including surveys, assessments, web mapping, and mobile applications on Smart phones.
This report discusses the results of monitoring visits conducted by MSY during fifth TPM survey covering January - March 2018, and is presented in five sections. First is the methodology and methods of assessment, followed by three sections on the findings and analysis of sub-components of the Project’s first component (Sub-component 1.1: Cash-for-Work and Youth-Targeted Community Services; Sub-Component 1.2: Small Community Infrastructure; and Sub-component 1.3: SME Revitalization and Employment Generation). Each of the three sections contains an overall ranking of sub-component achievement of targets, where ‘A’ and ‘A+’ denote achievement and exceeding expectations respectively; ‘A- ‘denotes mostly achieving expectations; ‘B’ indicates moderate achievement of expectation; and ‘C’ indicates poor performance. The final section summarizes key recommendations based on findings and lessons learned, and conclusions extracted from the analysis. Each of the three sub-components includes three sections that discuss verification, quality and impact. Additionally, this report is supported with annexes that provide further detailed information on the assessment.
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ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH
Sampling: According to the inception report, which specified sampling methods for each sub- component, MSY in close coordination and approval of UNDP and the IPs, selected interventions under the Cash-for-Work (CfW) and Small Community Infrastructure (SCI) sub-components through a stratified method. This takes into account representation of various sectors of interventions and geographical balance.
The TPM team visited 25 sub-projects implemented under all three sub-components of YECRP project. The monitoring visits covered 16 governorates9 in all sectors including rural road rehabilitation/pavement, Water and Sanitation for Health (WASH), education, agriculture including livestock, IDP oriented and Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs).
Methodology/Paradigm: The assessment was completed by applying both quantitative and qualitative methods. This mixed method model applied to collection of data and information including facts and general public opinions, and justification and recommendations for strengthening project implementation. Moreover, different approaches were applied to cover monitoring objectivity. For instance, field visits and analysis of Small Community Infrastructure (SCI) and MFIs were assessed by engineers, and auditors respectively. Such analysis also included extensive desk reviews by technical professionals in relevant fields (i.e. construction, engineering, financing, accounting and auditing). Additionally, each sub-component was assessed in terms of verification, quality and impact aspects.
In-depth Analysis: In addition to statistical analysis and graphing trends, in-depth analysis was performed to test and spot correlations among variables whenever they existed like the correlation between gender and satisfaction or challenges. Data mining techniques were applied to visualize trends of responses for IDPs, Returnees, and residents as requested by UNDP.
Triangulation and Diversity of Data: In addition to allow for triangulation of information, the monitoring process included a variety of tools and sources of information such as multiple levels of interviewees and sources according to needs (beneficiary, key informants, desk reviews, and visual inspection). The assessment also included all types of data, including text, numeric, photos, Global Positioning System (GPS) locations, and videos.
Tools: MSY’s monitoring plan was developed to measure and verify the various indicators and aspects of interventions (Verification, Quality, and Direct Impact) through data collection pertaining to the selected component sites, activities and outputs. Upon approval by UNDP, questionnaires were included in MSY data collection systems and filled by researchers using smart phones.
Multimedia: Technology played an important role in promoting optimal management and processing of non-numeric, and non-text information that further enriched the monitoring processes and deliverables. These included Photos, links to Videos, GIS and Geo Tag.
9 Abyan, Aden, Al-Bayda, Al-Dhalea, Al-Mahweet, Amanat Al-Asimah (Capital City), Amran, Hadramaut, Hajjah, Hodeida, Ibb, Lahj, Raymah, Sa’ada, Sana’a, and Taiz.
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KEY PROCESSES, PROGRESS AND IMPACT FINDINGS
SUB-COMPONENT 1.1: CASH-FOR-WORK AND YOUTH-TARGETED COMMUNITY SERVICES
The first sub-component is cash-for-work (CfW) and youth-targeted community services. This sub- component mainly focused on labor-intensive sub-projects and youth-delivered services such as irrigation, water harvesting, rehabilitation of agricultural terraces, maintenance and improvement of village access roads, improvement of drinking water resources, watershed management, agricultural inputs, or others based on priority needs identified by each target community. In addition, it targets youth and nutrition10 interventions for community services. YECRP targets a large number of vulnerable Yemenis across the country as per the following targets: Figure 1.1: Overall Performance
Table 1.1: YECRP Targets11 Indicator Target Number of direct beneficiaries of short term labour intensive wage 256,352 employment and cash-f-r services initiatives Number of indirect beneficiaries from the income support (family 1,000,000 members of households) Number of people benefiting from community assets 1,400,000 Number of people (women and children) who benefited from the 85,000 nutrition services
1.1.1 CASH-for-WORK
A total of 12 field visits were conducted by the TPMA to CfW sub-projects in 11 governorates, namely: Abyan, Aden, Al- Hodeida, Al- Bayda, Al- Dhalea, Al-Mahwit, Amran, Lahj, Hadramaut, Ibb, and Sana’a. The visits focused on almost all sector sub-projects implemented during the reporting period including WASH, rural road rehabilitation/ street pavement, agriculture, diversified /IDP oriented, and education.
A total of 98 interviews were conducted during monitoring visits in 12 sub-projects under CfW. The number of interviews represented 80 (82 percent) direct beneficiary (male: 82.5 percent;
10 The subcomponent also finances subprojects that provide income opportunities, training, and work experience to youth by engaging them in the delivery of community services, including health and nutrition promotion services, literacy, alternative schooling (including tutoring and mentoring students and children within the community), planting of trees, cleaning of shorelines and in youth initiatives promoting the protection of human capital through special attention to nutrition-related interventions; and peace building and social cohesion interventions, as may be proposed by communities and youth groups 11 According to Revised RRF for Acceleration Plan Page 11 of 68
female: 17.5 percent) interviews, and 18 Key Informant Interviews (18 percent)) (all males)12. Key Informants were local community members/leaders, local council members, and community representatives. Majority of interviewed beneficiaries (85 percent) were residents of the targeted communities, while 12.5 percent were IDPs and only 2.5 percent were returnees. The interviewed direct beneficiaries were from different age groups: 16-30 years (29 percent), 31-50 years (57 percent), and above 50 (14 percent). The KIs were drawn from the following age groups: 31-36 years (17 percent), 37-44 years (56 percent), 45-50 (17 percent) and 50 above (11 percent). A map of visited sub-projects is also included in Annex B.
Table 1.2: Visited sub-projects under cash-for-work
Sub-project Name Governorate District # of Ben # of KIs
ID
Sector
Completion of the Eastern Ring 10 2
13064 Al-Bayda Rada'a M:100% M: 100%
- Pavement The city of Rada'a / Reda
Street Street / Al-Bayda
911 Pavement
9 2
- M:100% M: 100%
Rooftop rain water Sana’a Arhab 200 12703 harvesting cisterns for Aljra'an&Bait Senan /Zandan /Arhab /Sana'a
- Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting 9 2
Al-Mahwit Hufash 200
12739 Cisterns for Alma'azeb/Bit M:89%, M: 100%
Water Alshama'a/Hofash/Almahwit F:11%
9 2
12671 M:67%, M: 100% - Rooftop rainWater harvesting Amran Khamer
cisterns for Alqasabh and Alnathir F:33% 910
villages in ghorban- khamer- Amran
Rehabilitation and maint. of the 9 2
12732 M:100% M: 100% - springs and irrigation channels and Hadramaut Ashehr
ponds for the collection of hot water
600
Agriculture
9 2
13376 M:44%, M: 100%
- Al-Dhaleea Jehaff Rural
Roads ASALEEF-ALSHOBATYN ROAD F:56% 300
- Operation and support of displaced 8 2
Aden AL Boraiqah 300
13313 people in the district of fukum M:100% M: 100%
alburaika - Aden
Diversified 8 2
- Ibb AL-Udain
Road improvement for Alodierah M:100% M: 100%
13145
100
Provision of temporary employment 9 2
13366 Lahj AL Hadd M:44%, M: 100% - opportunities in social services in
education of ALhad -Lahj F:56%
300 Education
12 MSY tried to gender balance with KII, but unfortunately MSY could not find female community committee members in any of visited sub-project sites. Page 12 of 68
Sub-project Name Governorate District # of Ben # of KIs
ID Sector
Total 80 18 M:83% , M:100% F:17%
Assessment on Quality of Project Management
Sub-project Identification: It was found that community committees and local authorities played a crucial role in identifying the visited sub-projects as confirmed by interviewed key informants. Of the KIs interviewed, 94 percent were members in community committees, and most of them (94 percent) confirmed their participation in voting to select interventions for their communities. This proves a good level of community inclusion in prioritization of interventions. All of interviewed key informants were strongly satisfied with the selection process of interventions as they explained that beneficiaries were indeed in need of such type of support to meet their essential needs of living, especially during this current crisis situation. Community members also participated in selecting some of the sub- projects.
Satisfaction with the Intervention Existence: Majority, 96 percent (98 percent of male, 86 percent of female) of beneficiaries Figure 1.2: Satisfaction with Intervention Existence expressed their satisfaction with the existence of intervention. Among them, 66
percent (71 percent of male, 43
71% 43%
percent of female) were 66% 30% strongly satisfied with the 27%
existence of sub-projects in 14% 43% their areas because sub- 4% 2% projects met community needs, All Female Male created employment Strongly Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied Strongly Satisfied opportunities for both male and female, provided drinking water and sanitation facilities, facilitated many students to get back to school, and improved access to services. Only 4 percent (2 percent of male, 14 percent of female) were neutral with existence of interventions.
On the other hand, almost all key informants confirmed their full satisfaction with the existence of sub-projects for various reasons. They stated that Figure 1.3: Satisfaction with existence of intervention by type of beneficiaries interventions brought benefits
to their communities, 100%
addressed needs of 50% 68%
communities, providing clean 28% 50% drinking water, addressing 4% shortage of teachers, and facilitating access to services. Returnees Resident IDPs Strongly Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied Strongly Satisfied Moreover, community members were involved in selection of such interventions. Page 13 of 68
Selection of Beneficiaries: MSY found that 80 percent (80 percent of male, 79 percent of female) of the beneficiaries were aware of the beneficiary selection criteria, whereas 20 percent (20 percent of male, 21 percent of female) had no knowledge about selection criteria. This shows a decline in awareness of selection criteria compared to the fourth TPM assessment, in which 89 percent of CfW beneficiaries were aware of selection criteria.
Beneficiaries were selected through the IPs according to the selection criteria. In addition, community committees/leaders also participated in selection of beneficiaries.
Satisfaction with the Selection Process: A total of 92.5 percent (91 percent of male, 100 percent of female) of beneficiaries stated that they were satisfied with the beneficiary selection process. Of these, 64 percent (67 of male, 50 Figure 1.4: Satisfaction With Beneficiaries Selection of female) were strongly
satisfied and stated that the 50%
selection was performed in a
67% 29%
transparent manner and in line 64% 24%
with specific criteria. Another 5 50% 6% 5% 3% percent (6 percent of male) were 2% neutral, whereas the remaining All Female Male 2 percent (3 percent of male) Strongly Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied strongly satisfied were strongly dissatisfied. Reasons for the strong dissatisfaction included the fact that some eligible applicants, who hold bachelor Figure 1.5: Satisfaction with beneficiaries selection by degrees, were not selected as types of beneficiaries direct beneficiary in CfSS
(education) in Lahj governorate; 60% and a contractor bringing 100%
labourers from other 69% communities ignoring 22%
6% 40% involvement of local labourers 3% from the intervention areas Returnees Resident IDPs (Intervention: rural roads, Aden Strongly0% Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied Strongly Satisfied governorate). On the other hand, all key informants were strongly satisfied with beneficiary selection stating that selection was performed according to the criteria and took into account the beneficiaries’ economic conditions and needs of locals, IDPs and returnees.
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Job Orientation for Beneficiaries: 86 percent of the beneficiaries (89 percent of male, 71 of female) stated that their knowledge and skills were improved during participation in CfW interventions. They gained new Figure 1.6: Beneficiary gained knowledge and skill by knowledge and skills participation of interventions through rural roads, education and street pavement 67% interventions. 81% 85% 90% Example of skills 100% 100% were construction, wall coating, cement 33% mixtures 19% 15% 10% construction), lesson Water Street Rural Roads Education Diversified Agriculture preparation for Pavment Intervention students, gender Yes No management in classes, simplifying topics (education), soil treatment, chemical powder spraying (agriculture), and others. The remaining 14 percent of beneficiaries stated that they did not gain any new skills during their work in CfW interventions.
Payment Process: All of interviewed beneficiaries stated that they received their payments in cash through Al-Amal Microfinance Figure 1.7: Beneficiaries Satisfaction with Payment Bank (SFD’s cash transfer Process 71% service provider). The payments 56% were made either directly at the 50% 40% branch or through the bank’s 33% delegated person in remote 21%
areas, which simplified the 4% 5% 8% 3% 6%
2% 1% payment process and reduced All Female Male cost and effort excreted by Strongly Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied Strongly Satisfied beneficiaries to receive their dues. Figure 1.8: Satisfaction With Payment Process By type
of Beneficiaries 50%
Satisfaction with Payment 50% 38%
Process: Ninety percent (89 50% 52%
percent of male, 92 percent of 40% female) of beneficiaries were 10% 4% 4% satisfied with the payment 2% process. Of these, 50 percent (56 Returnees Resident IDPs percent of male, 21 percent of Strongly Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neutral female) were strongly satisfied stating that payment was performed on time and easily with no delay or obstructions; the amount was as agreed without deduction; and was delivered directly to the beneficiaries. Four percent of the beneficiaries (3 percent of male, 8 percent of female) were neutral, whereas 5 percent (6 percent of male) were strongly dissatisfied as they stated that their dues were delayed. However, satisfaction was found notably greater than that of the previous quarter especially among women.
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Payment delays were found mainly in Aden (rural road rehab), Lahj (education), and Hadhramout (water). Mention worthy is that beneficiaries of the education intervention in Aden reported that the delay happened in previous months due to the long processing time at SFD. However, according to them, transfer had become faster in recent months unless there was a delay in reporting attendance sheets by some schools. Lack of cash and delayed transfers were reported in the two other interventions (Lahj -education, and Hadhramout -water).
Aid Preference: All interviewed beneficiaries stated that they prefer assistance through the CfW programme more than in-kind support financial or food aid. Beneficiaries explained that they prefer work more than charity and that CfW helped them gain new skills, serve their communities and participate in useful activities.
Timeliness of Implementation: Timeliness was found mostly appropriate as mentioned by 91 percent of interviewed beneficiaries (97 percent of male, 64 percent of female). Of these, 70 percent (83 percent of male, 7 percent of female) were strongly Figure 1.9: Beneficiaries Satisfction With Intervention satisfied, explaining that Timing interventions helped them during the ongoing crisis when
government projects, services 57%
and salaries were irregular; and 83% 70%
basic facilities especially the 29%
21% 13%
road network and water 6% 7%
7% 3% 0% 0% 2% 2% 0% supply/sources were damaged due to current conflict. All Female Male Strongly Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied strongly satisfied However, 6 percent (2 percent of male, 29 percent of female) beneficiaries were neutral, and Figure 1.10: Beneficiaries Satisfction With the remaining 3 percent (2 Intervention Timing by Beneficiaries type percent of male, 7 percent of female) were dissatisfied with
timeliness. Among key 50%
40% 72%
informants interviewed, 89 60% 50% percent expressed satisfaction, 18%
7%
3% 0% with 83 percent being strongly 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% satisfied with interventions’ Returnees Resident IDPs timing. They stated that the Strongly Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied Strongly Satisfied interventions took place when Yemenis faced a difficult situation including lack of income opportunities for vulnerable community members, high unemployment among the youth, shortage of teachers, and fragile basic services. The remaining 11 percent were neutral.
Fiduciary Aspects: No deduction was reported by any of the interviewed beneficiaries. All confirmed that they were not required to make any payment to anybody in order to be selected as participants in the project. However, as rule of thumb, all beneficiaries must be informed about the calculation
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procedure before commencing tasks. It was found that almost 94 percent of interviewed beneficiaries (92 percent of male, 100 percent of female) were aware about the payment amount they would receive. The remaining 6 percent were not informed about their expected payment amount. It was also observed that CfW beneficiaries of fourth TPM visited districts13 were more aware (97 percent) about payment aspects than fifth TPM visited districts14.
Grievance and Complaints Process: The assessment Figure 1.11: Beneficiaries' (who are aware) opinion to submit their complaints (multiple response) revealed that 80 percent of the beneficiaries were aware of the Contact SFD, compliant redress system. The 33% Nothing, 1% remaining 20 percent were not Contact Other, 3% Project Contact aware of the system, and did not Management, Officials at field , 30% know the process of complaint 33% submission. This is a common weak area of the IP’s project implementation at the grassroots level. According to findings, since TPM inception to the current report, it was observed that a reasonable number of beneficiaries (on average 20 percent) were not aware about the complaint mechanism. IPs should make further efforts to raise awareness on the grievance mechanism and how it works so that any complaints can be Figure1.12: Beneficiaries' opinion on quality and promptly and effectively benefits of interventions
addressed
79% 69%
Satisfaction on Quality and 67%
27% 26%
Benefits of Interventions: Most 21% 5%
(95 percent) of beneficiaries 4%
1% 1% (94 percent of male, 100 All Female Male percent of female) stated that Strongly Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied Strongly Satisfied they were satisfied with the quality of intervention. Among Figure 1.13: Beneficiaries' opinion on quality of them, 69 percent (67 percent of interventions by type of benefiniciaries male, 79 percent of female)
were strongly satisfied stating 60% that quality of implementation 50%
was good quality and according 75% 50% to plan, helped children return 21%
to school, provided drinking 4% 10%
30%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% water, and facilitated transportation and access to Returnees Resident IDPs services. Only one percent (two Strongly Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied Strongly Satisfied percent of male) were neutral,
13 Abss, Dar sa'ad, Hamdan, Kharif, Maghreb Ans, Ashehr, Bura'a, AL-Qafr, Jabal Habashi 14 Rada'a, Arhab, Hufash, Khamer, Ashehr, Jehaff, AL Boraiqah, AL-Udain, AL Hadd Page 17 of 68
whereas the remaining four percent (five percent of male) were strongly dissatisfied stating that the project was not implemented as required as cement volumes used were not enough, cracks were visible in some parts, and the contractor did not follow implementation guidelines and performed some works improperly (Road rehabilitation in Aden). An M&E notice was raised to SFD to verify and follow-up actions taken to improve quality of the road.
On the other hand, all key informants expressed satisfaction with the quality of implemented interventions, out of which 61 percent were strongly satisfied. They explained that the interventions generated significant benefit for the community through repairing damaged roads to facilitate access to services, provided drinking water, reduced unemployment in targeted areas, and was of high quality.
Gender Issues: Majority of interviewed female beneficiaries (86 percent) stated that work was suitable for them as female workers. It was noticed that co-workers, family members and the community also accepted women’s engagement and participation in implementation of sub-projects. However, 21 percent female beneficiaries stated that their personal activities and obligations were affected by the interventions explaining that Figure 1.14: Gender Aspects in CfW Interventions work hours were long and interfered with their household 86% 79% responsibilities. 100% 100% 100%
Additionally, MSY 14% 21% further assessed 0% gender Difficulties Exposed to Affected Activities Payment Violence or Indirectly or Affected Problems considerations in Mistreatment Directly payment No Yes procedures. All female respondents also confirmed that they did not face any challenges/difficulties in receiving their payments. They also stated that the designated payment locations were suitable although their identification cards and payment process were verified and completed by male officers.
Moreover, it was reported that some female participants (14 percent) mentioned that the work was too hard and exhausting for them and faced major difficulties in some CfW tasks especially in digging and transporting material. It was observed that CfSS in Education was the most suitable type of work for females compared to other types of interventions that require more physical efforts. However, reducing working hours and defining specific tasks for females can be assessed to increase gender friendliness of the CfW program.
Challenges: Implementation challenges were investigated by the TPM survey. It was found that 81 percent (80 percent of male, 86 percent of female) of interviewed beneficiaries stated no difficulties or challenges faced during the implementation of the project. The remaining 19 percent (20 percent of male, 14 percent of female) mentioned various difficulties encountered such as lack of experience,
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extended working hours, hot weather, difficulties in transporting/carrying construction materials, and digging.
Additionally, MSY asked KIIs about implementation challenges. Sixty-seven percent had no difficulties while the remaining 33 percent stated difficulties. These included objections from some community members to pave infront of their homes which was solved through dialogue (Road rehabilitation in Aden), digging difficulties that were solved through using machinery (Water in Al- Mahweet), and getting water for road rehabilitation in Al-Dhalee (Sub-project ID: 300-13376). In general, community members and beneficiaries were able to overcome the mentioned challenges and continued with implementation. Assessment on Implementation Progress towards Targets
Progress of Sub-projects under Cash-for-Work: The TPM assessment found that the visited sub- projects had reached 1,612 direct beneficiaries (72.2 percent) against targeted 2,232 beneficiaries (according to sub-project documents provided by SFD head office), and most of the visited sub- projects were in implementation stage. This implies that the implementation pace of sub-projects was on track to achieve the targeted beneficiaries within the planned timeline.
Table 1.3: Target vs. Actual Number of Beneficiaries Target Number of # of Workers according Sector % workers as per IP to KIs Agriculture 106 15 14.2% Diversified Intervention 354 188 53.1% Education 142 210 147.9% Rural Roads 250 147 58.8% Street Pavement 300 500 166.7% Water 1,080 552 51.1% Total 2,232 1,612 72.2%
Impact/Effect of Interventions
Impact on Beneficiary Families: The CfW sub-component aims to provide livelihood assistance to the most vulnerable to enhance their self-reliance Figure 1.15: Beneficiaries Livelihood to provide basic needs for their families. For this Improvement reason, the TPM survey sought to assess the improvement of livelihoods of beneficiaries and 85% their families. Only 10 percent of beneficiaries (11 percent of male, 7 percent of female) acknowledged significant livelihood improvement due to income generated from 5% project interventions, while 85 percent 10% reported moderate improvement (83 percent of male, 93 percent of female). The remaining 5 Moderate Improved No Improvement percent (6 percent of male) reported no improvement in their livelihood because of Significantly Improved increasing prices, inadequacy of payment amounts, and responsibility for large families. Moreover, according to the findings since TPM Page 19 of 68
inception to the current (fifth) TPM report, it was observed that, on average, 17 percent of beneficiaries reported no improvement of their livelihoods due to project interventions. Reasons for this included large families, commodity price hikes, and inadequate payment amount.
Utilization of Paid Amount: All beneficiaries stated that daily food expenses for their families was the first priority for the money Figure 1.16: Beneficiaries' wage spend pattern received from the CfW (multiple response) interventions. Health care (21 percent) for their family Food 100% members was the second priority Health 21% followed by about 19 percent Education 16% spent on miscellaneous aspects Rent 14% including covering for increased Pay Loans Back 14% cost of construction material Saving 9% (Water sub-project in Al-Mahwit Other 19% Governorate), education (16 percent), and rent (14 percent). Paying loans and savings (9 percent) were also part of their income expenses as shown in figure (1.16).
Social Cohesion: Almost all beneficiaries (99 percent) stated that the interventions improved social cohesion within targeted communities. They reported that interventions were selected and implemented through community participation, bringing various group of community members together including women and IDPs, addressing community needs, creating jobs and income opportunities for vulnerable people and improving access to basic services. Ninety-six 96 percent (95 percent of male, 100 percent of female) of beneficiaries reported no conflict triggered in community due to interventions. The remaining 4 percent (5 percent of male) mentioned minor conflicts that occurred due to the recruitment of individuals who had less qualifications while excluding bachelor degree holders (education in Lahj); and an argument with a contractor due to improper implementation (road rehabilitation in Aden). These were peacefully resolved by SFD and the project consultant respectively.
Besides the minor conflicts that were reported by beneficiaries, key informants stated that sub- projects had contributed to promoting social cohesion in targeted communities. KIs explained that rehabilitating the road had increased interaction with nearby communities after a long time of isolation, and that various sub-projects supported by the YECRP project had created a sense of unity and cooperation among community members to achieve common goals.
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Environmental Impact: According to the UNDP Social and Environmental Standards (SES) and SFD Operational Guidelines, no negative Figure 1.17: Improvement to Environmental environmental impact resulting from CfW Conditions (multiple responses) activities was reported. Key community Other 6% informants indicated positive environmental impacts due to project Improve Hygiene & Sanitation 39% activities such as improved hygiene and Getting Water For Irrigation 17% sanitation facilities; water for irrigation Getting Drinking Water 56% system; safe drinking water for targeted communities, and reduced mosquitos, Facilitate Transportation 44% insects, and infections due to supported environmental sub-projects.
Workers’ Health, Safety and Security: Ninety-nine percent of interviewed beneficiaries stated that safety measures were considered during implementation. In addition, 94 percent of the KIs also confirmed the availability of Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) like gloves, helmets, safety boots, safety glasses and emergency kits for sub-project workers. KIIs also mentioned that the contractors deployed workers with additional responsibility to monitor compliance with safety rules by all workers especially using/wearing all safety items during implementation. Workers were also entitled for sick leave without wage deduction. On the other hand, 6 percent (1 person) of the KIs reported no first aid kit at one of the visited schools sub-project (ID: 300-13366, name: provision of temporary employment opportunities in education) in Lahj Governorate, for workers’ emergency medical support. It was evident that IPs, contractors and workers were now more conscious to worker safety and security compared to the previous assessment.
Improvement of Public Services and Accessibility: In addition to creating employment opportunities for the most vulnerable community members, the interventions notably improved access to public services for respective communities. Table 1.3 highlights specific public services improved by implemented sub-projects, visited by MSY during fifth TPM survey.
Table 1.3: CFW interventions’ improvement to service accessibility Sub- Sub-project Name Improved Services project ID 911-13064 Completing eastern ring ▪ Improved traffic and mobility as new works helped redirect the road roadbed –Rada' , Al- rainwater flow form the road Bayda Governorate ▪ Improved business facilities and provided people with access to various shops on the road. It was difficult to access them in the rainy season. ▪ Restored road networks between two villages (Al-qershia, and walad rabie) and facilitated transport facilities for the people of these two villages. 910-12671 Rooftop rainwater ▪ Improved access to water sources for the local community, and harvesting for Alqasabah wa reduced time and cost of fetching/purchasing water from far Alnadheer village-Khamir- distant water sources. Amran 300-13313 Employment and support ▪ Improved traffic by expanding the road as it was narrow with heavy IDPs in AlBuraiqeh-Aden traffic. This in turn, improved access to public services. through road paving sub- project Page 21 of 68
Sub- Sub-project Name Improved Services project ID 300-13366 Provision of temporary ▪ Improved education services by trained teachers. income opportunities in ▪ Covered teachers’ salaries and that eliminated fees that was social services in education- required from parents to cover teachers’ salaries. Lahj. ▪ Qualified trained teachers facilitating the return of many students to schools. 200-12703 Rooftop rainwater ▪ Improved clean water services for community people. harvesting for Aljera'an and ▪ Reduced time and cost of fetching/purchasing water from distant Bait Senan villages-Zendan- water sources Arhab-Sanaa 200-12739 Rooftop rainwater harvesting for Almoaazib village- Bait Shama'a- Hufash -AlMhawit 300-13376 Improvement of the ▪ Enhance smooth transport due to improved road conditions. Alsaleef road- ▪ Reduced time and cost for local communities traveling to different Alshoabateen- AlDhalee service points. ▪ Targeted communities have now access to better road network. 100-13145 Improvement of the Aladaeerah-Qadas road, AlUdayn- Ibb
Recommendations
o Scaling up education interventions is recommended given the deficiency in the education sector in deploying and compensating teachers. o SFD should exert more effort in ensuring that proper mechanisms are in place to raise beneficiaries’ awareness on grievance-redress systems; and the selection criteria.
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Success Story: Cash-for-Work and Cash for Happiness
he ongoing crisis has made many Yemenis give up their dreams and spend all their time just to meet their basic needs. Mr. Abdulwahab is 61 with five sons and three daughters. He and his wife currently live with three of their unmarried sons in an old house in the village. The family depends on a little piece of farm land and a pick-up van. Unfortunately, the old T pick-up recently broke down and the family was unable to repair it. This made their living conditions more difficult and miserable until the Social Fund for Development (SFD), through a project funded by the World Bank, intervened in their area to pave one of the rural roads.
Abdulwahab was one of community committee members; and together with his son worked in road pavement sub-project. He worked harder than most of his age mates so that he could generate enough money to repair his vehicle and start using it again as a source of livelihood.
With his son, Abulwahab doubled his efforts and received about YER 500,000 “The project helped which was enough repair his vehicle, and to improve his family’s livelihood. the transport needs Afterwards, the project announced a tender for a pick-up vehicle to transport of our community, materials to the sub-project site. Abdulwahab won the tender, of and enabled women approximately YER 476,000, which enabled him to make additional savings to work and that came in handy in the preparation of one of his son’s wedding. generate income,” said Mr. Abdulwahab Finally, SFD announced to the 1,000 village members that their main rural road was fully paved. “The project helped the transport needs of our community, and enabled women to work and generate income,” said Mr. Abdulwahab.
The story of this family is just an example of how the World Bank funded Yemen Emergency Response Project (YECRP) came to add happiness and smiles to the thousands of needy people in one of the most devastating Abdulwahab’s pick-up transporting materials to sub-project site. crises they have ever lived.
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1.1.2. CASH-for-SOCIAL SERVICES - YOUTH
The Cash-for-Social Services - Youth (CfSS-Y) intervention intends to actively engage youth in playing a key role in resilience-building in their own communities through social and community mobilization work that can transform to longer-term employment opportunities. It gives special attention to youth and women as an important peace dividend and provides them with income and participation opportunities. In this way, this intervention contributes to peace building mechanisms by providing opportunities for jobs, facilitating community dialogue, creating interventions that enhance equality and inclusion, providing space for citizen engagement, and enabling a process of collaboration around the project’s implementation and monitoring. Moreover, the youth interventions aim to train them on management of community initiatives, and help them transfer their gained knowledge to their communities.
MSY conducted a monitoring visit in Modiah District, Abyan Governorate. The team interviewed eight direct beneficiaries (male: 63 percent, female: 37 percent), and four Key Informants (100 percent male) who were local community committee members. All interviewed beneficiaries were residents of the target community. The interviewed direct beneficiaries were from two different age groups: 21-25 years (37.5 percent) and 26-30 years (62.5 percent). Half of the key informants were from the age group 37-45 years and the other half were of age 50 and above. Almost 25 percent of the interviewed beneficiaries were breadwinners and 75 percent were not but also participated in providing basic needs to their families. All of them had the same level of education (Bachelor’s degree).
The interviewed beneficiaries were selected in three ways: 50 percent were nominated by acquaintances; 25 percent were selected through community committee/ leaders and the remaining 25 percent were selected through the implementing partner (SFD).
Quality Assessment of Project Management
Sub-project Identification: All interviewed key informants were members of community committees (all were residents in the same village) and stated that they had participated in voting to select this type of intervention. This shows a high level of community inclusion and participation in the prioritization of interventions. The Key Informants expressed satisfaction with the process of selecting interventions (50 percent satisfied and 50 percent strongly satisfied). They also reported that the selection was performed according to criteria, addressed community needs, served the interest of the villagers, and supported the poor.
Selection of Beneficiaries: All beneficiaries were fully aware of the beneficiary selection criteria of the CfSS- Youth intervention.
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Satisfaction with Beneficiary Selection Process: All Beneficiaries were satisfied with the selection process. Among them, 25 percent (20 percent of male, 33 percent of female) stated that they were strongly satisfied with the process since the selection was made according to Figure 1.21: Satisfaction with the selection criteria and targeted poor and most processes (youth beneficiary) 75% 80% affected youth from community, and 67% provided temporary job opportunities for 33% them. Similarly, all key informants were 25% 20% satisfied with the beneficiary selection process with 25 percent being strongly All Female Male satisfied and stating that the selected Satisfied Strongly Satisfied youth beneficiaries were active and effective members in the community.
Job Opportunities for Beneficiaries: Interviewed youth beneficiaries acknowledged that the project- supported youth interventions Figure 1.22: Job opportunity for the provided job opportunities for them. beneficiaries About 63 percent (40 percent of male, 100% 100 percent of female) described the 62.5% youth intervention as a real job 60% 40% opportunity, while the remaining 37.5 37.5% percent (60 percent of males) described the project to be a kind of15 job opportunity. It is notable that all All Female Male Yes Kind of interviewed females stated that the project was a real job opportunity, this means that CfSS-Youth interventions are very appropriate for females.
Payment Delays: Sixty-three percent of the interviewed beneficiaries (40 percent of male, 100 percent of female) did not complain of Figure 1.23: Payemnt delay for beneficiaries any delay in receiving their payment/dues, whereas 37 percent (60 37% percent of males) complained of delay 60% due to lack of liquidity in the bank (CAC 100% 63% Bank). MSY further investigated the delay 40% and found that it happened for only four days. All Male Female No Yes
15 Respondents were asked whether they found their participation a real job opportunity, kind of, or not at all. Page 25 of 68
Satisfaction with the payment process: All Figure 1.24: Satisfaction with the payment processes respondents were satisfied with the payment 100% process. Among them, 12.5 percent (33 87.5% percent of female) were strongly satisfied 67% because the payment was provided at a 33% suitable location and on time. 12.5% 0%
All Female Male Timeliness of Implementation: Almost 63 Satisfied Strongly Satisfied percent (60 percent of male, 66 percent of Figure 1.25: Satisfaction with the female) were satisfied with the timeliness of timeliness of intervention
intervention. Among them, 13 percent (33 60% 50.0%
percent of female) were strongly satisfied and 40.0%
37.5%
33% 33.3% they mentioned that the youth intervention 33.3%
utilized their abilities after graduation from 12.5% the university. The remaining 37 percent (40 percent of male, 33 percent of female) were neutral. Additionally, 75 percent of the Key All Female Male Neutral Satisfied Strongly Satisfied Informants were satisfied, and 25 percent were neutral.
Grievance and Complaint Process: TPM assessment found that all beneficiaries were aware of the complaints’ redress system. This confirms that Figure 1.26: To Whom would the beneficiaries had received sufficient Beneficiary Report Complaints information about the grievance mechanisms. 25% 20% 33% Seventy-five percent (80 percent of male, 67 percent of female) stated that they would 75% 80% report their complaints to the local project 67% management if needed. The remaining 25 percent (20 percent of male, 33 percent of All Male Female Project management SFD female) stated that they would report their complaints to the implementing partner (SFD).
Satisfaction with the intervention: All interviewed youth beneficiaries were satisfied with the intervention. Among them, 62.5 percent (60 percent of male, 67 percent of female) were Figure 1.27: Satisfaction with the intervention strongly satisfied because the intervention 67% provided employment, and new knowledge 62.5% 60% and skills. Similarly, all key informants were 40% 37.5% 33% satisfied with the intervention with 75 percent being strongly satisfied because the intervention helped youth beneficiaries to meet All Female Male their needs and improved their capacity to Satisfied Strongly Satisfied manage local community activities in their areas. Page 26 of 68
Satisfaction with the payment amount: Most (87 percent) of youth beneficiaries (80 percent of male, 100 percent of female) were satisfied with the Figure 1.28: Satisfaction with the payment amount. Among them, 63 percent (60 payment amount
percent of male, 67 percent of female) were
66.7% 62.5% strongly satisfied and stated that the amount was 60.0%
sufficient to meet their basic needs including 33.3%
25.0%
20% 20.0% transportation and food. In addition, the paid 12.5% amount was relevant compared to assigned tasks and responsibilities. The remaining 13 percent (20 All Female Male Neutral Satisfied Strongly Satisfied percent of male) were neutral.
Satisfaction with Training Topics: All interviewed beneficiaries were satisfied with the training topics with 75 percent (80 percent of male, 67 percent of Figure 1.29: Satisfaction with the female) being strongly satisfied because the topics sessions’ topics
enhanced their knowledge and skills in performing 80% 75.0% their responsibilities in targeted communities. 67%
They also emphasized that the topics were
33% 25.0% applicable in the local community and suitable for 20% the work required. All Female Male
Satisfied Strongly Satisfied Satisfaction with the activity of the Intervention:
About 63 percent (60 percent of male, 67 percent Figure 1.30: Satisfaction with the activities of female) were satisfied with types of activities of the intervention of the intervention. Among them, 25 percent (40
percent of male) were strongly satisfied and
40.0%
40.0%
66.7%
37.5% 37.5%
stated that the activities were demand-driven, 33.3% 25.0% helped assess and analyze situations in local 20.0% communities and villages, and helped them work together for a common goal in targeted All Female Male communities. The remaining 37 percent (40 percent of male, 33 percent of female) were Neutral Satisfied Strongly Satisfied neutral regarding the activities.
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Assessment on Implementation Progress towards Targets Satisfaction on Quality and Benefits of Interventions: Majority (88 percent) of youth beneficiaries, (80 percent of male, 100 percent of female), were satisfied with the quality of the interventions. Figure 1.31: Satisfaction with the quality
Among them, 75 percent (80 percent of male, of the intervention 80%
67 percent of female) were strongly satisfied 75% 67% and confirmed that the interventions
benefited them enormously through new 33%
knowledge and skills. This enabled them to
20% 12.5%
also benefit the targeted community to be 12.5% 0% self-reliant and participate in development 0% works, enhance community initiatives, and All Female Male support other youth in targeted communities. Neutral Satisfied Strongly Satisfied The remaining 13 percent (20 percent of males) were neutral.
Gender Issues/Female Youth Participation:
The survey checked whether gender issues were considered during the implementation of the interventions. Two thirds of the female beneficiaries said that they did not face any gender-related difficulties; whereas the remaining 33 percent reported challenges like unwillingness by social figures, especially some community leaders, to accept their ideas/initiatives. However, this was mitigated through counselling for the women. In addition, all female beneficiaries stated that the interventions were female-friendly and they did not face any direct and/indirect negative consequences related to gender violence or mistreatment during implementation of the intervention.
Regarding payment procedures, all interviewed females confirmed that they received their payment in person. In addition, all female beneficiaries highlighted that their identification cards were verified by women officers, not men. However, one complained that the designated payment locations were far to reach.
Challenges:
It was found that 75 percent (80 percent of male, 67 percent of female) of interviewed beneficiaries faced challenges and difficulties during the sub-project implementation. Among them, 63 percent (60 percent of male, 67 percent of female) said that they mostly faced unavailability of transport or high transport cost; and 12 percent (20 percent of male) stated that the payment was insufficient compared to needs. The remaining 25 percent (20 percent of male, 33 percent of female) stated that they did not face any difficulties.
Key informants highlighted two main challenges: delay of training support to youth beneficiary, and insufficiency of the allocated amount to cover all required activities. MSY also found that all youth interventions in the northern part of the country previously suspended had resumed.
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Impact/Effect of Interventions: Impact on Beneficiary Families and Livelihoods: The survey sought to explore to what extent the intervention contributed to meeting the basic needs of the selected youth direct beneficiaries. Figure 1.32:Beneficiaries Livelihood Improvement (disaggregated by gender). Eighty-eight percent of the direct benebficiaries, 100% 87.5% (80 percent of male, 100 percent of female) 80% acknowledged moderate livelihood improvement with increased purchasing power 20% for food and other family expenses including 12.5% health. However, the remaining 12 percent (20 percent of male) reported no improvement in All Female Male their livelihoods. Moderate improvement No improvement
Utilization of Paid Amount: Most of the beneficiaries (88 percent) indicated that the Figure 1.34: How beneficiaries spend the money received from the CfSS-Youth money received from the project. interventions was utilized for purchasing food Food 87.5% as the top priority, and the second priority was Education 37.5% given to education (37.5 percent). Interviewed Saving 37.5% beneficiaries (37.5 percent) also indicated that Rent 12.5% they were able to save some of the amount. Other 25.0% Additionally, 12.5 percent of beneficiaries spent some portion of their money for house rent while 25 percent spent part of it for other purposes (house renovation).
Social Cohesion: All interviewed beneficiaries in the targeted community stated that the interventions created social cohesion among various groups including the local community, women, youth, returnees and IDPs. They also confirmed that they did not notice any kind of conflict or dispute in society due to project interventions. In addition, all beneficiaries believed that the intervention enabled participation and interaction in community activities and promoted co-existence with different segments of society. Interventions also helped to create a sense of responsibility and harmony.
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Additional assessment information about the interviewed beneficiaries: Distribution of Beneficiaries’ Source of Income before the CfSS- Youth Program: The beneficiaries' income sources were varied before Figure 1.35: Source of income before the CfSS- the CfSS- Youth program. Youth Twenty-five percent (50 percent 13% 12% male; 50 percent female) 12% depended on daily wages. Another 25% 25% 25 percent (all females) 13% completely depended on their father’s income who were public sector employees. Additionally, 13 Agriculture Assistance Daily wages percent depended on agriculture, No source Other Social Welfare 12 percent on assistance, and another 12 percent on social welfare. Thirteen percent had no source of income before joining the project intervention.
Other sources of beneficiary’s assistance: Majority (87.5 percent) of the beneficiaries (80 percent of male, 100 percent of female) confirmed that they did not Figure 1.36: Beneficiaries received aid /assistance receive any kind of aid or before CfSS-Youth 100% assistance before the CfSS 87.5% 80% program. Only 12.5 percent (20 percent of male) received food 12.5% 20% assistance from CARE before 0% joining this intervention. All Female Male However, at the moment they are No Yes not receiving any kind of aid/assistance from other organizations.
Lessons Learned • CfSS intervention was very suitable for female participation, and activated their roles in the community. Recommendation • SFD should work with contracted bank to enhance the payment process by allocating agents to deliver payments to remote areas especially for female beneficiaries.
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1.1.3. CASH-for-SOCIAL SERVICE - NUTRITION
Beneficiaries of the Cash-for-Social Service-Nutrition (CfSS-Nutrition) interventions under sub- component 1.1 are pregnant and lactating women and their children under the age of five, who are either suffering from or vulnerable to malnutrition and, therefore, long-term negative impact on their health and capabilities. The intervention mainly addresses the demand side of the prevention and treatment of malnutrition through community outreach to help identify the most affected women and families; provide these families with cash assistance (mothers are the recipients); assign community health promoters (beneficiaries of youth employment) for case management, including facilitating the affected families access to nutrition services; and provide nutrition and health education activities. The intervention provides temporary income opportunities for female youth community members to work as health educators and targets pregnant women and lactating mothers with conditional cash transfers.
During the fifth TPM assessment, MSY visited Al Mansuriyah District (one of the nine districts of this sub-project) and conducted two key informant interviews (KIIs): one was a member of the Community Committee and the other was Secretary-General of the Local Council16. Nine health educators (female: 100 percent) and an equal number (nine) of benefiting mothers were interviewed.
The health educators were all youth of different age groups: 44 percent were 21-25 years, 33 percent were 26-30 years, and 22 percent were 31-36 years. All were local residents in the same targeted community and have been working for the intervention since August 2017 as community health educators.
The age of interviewed mothers also varied: four women (45 percent) were aged between 31 - 36 years, two women (22 percent) were between 26 - 30 years, and another two (22 percent) were between 37 - 45 years. The remaining 11 percent was between 21 - 25 years.
Verification of Participating Beneficiaries
Attendance: According to interviewed mothers, 78 percent (7 mothers) confirmed that they attended all the 10 sessions (100 percent of sessions). The remaining 22 percent (two mothers) stated that they attended eight sessions (80 percent of sessions). Thus, the average number of attended sessions for each beneficiary was 9.6, which reflects a very good attendance rate.
Source of Income: Sixty-seven percent of interviewed health educators depended on daily wages before joining this intervention, and 22 percent were school teachers (formal). The remaining 11 percent depended on direct assistance as their main source of income. All interviewed health educators highlighted that their previous profession (where relevant) was affected by the current crisis in Yemen.
According to interviewed mothers, 56 percent (five) confirmed that their families’ source of income before the intervention was daily wages. The remaining 44 percent (four mothers) had other sources of income including their husband (fisherman, café worker, pension beneficiary), and qat selling. Most sources of income were either severely or totally affected by the crisis, which shows the
16 The Local Council is a local entity and one of the components of Local Authority. Page 31 of 68
project’s important role in supporting vulnerable families.
Eligibility of Mothers: According to the Figure 1.37 : Aspects of supported interview with selected mothers, 78 percent mothers 100% were not pregnant. However, all of them confirmed that they have children under five, which made them eligible for project support as they fulfilled grant selection criteria. Out of the interviewed mothers, 67 percent (six) had only one child under five, and the remaining 33 22% percent had two children under five.
Pregnant Have U5 children
Assessment on Quality of Project Management
Sub-project Identification: Interviewed Key Informants (100 percent) participated in project identification. One was a member of the community committee and confirmed that he had participated in voting and decision making, and the other was a general-secretary of local council.
Satisfaction: Additionally, the selection process of interventions was found satisfactory to interviewed KIs. They were highly satisfied with the selection process of intervention and explained that it achieved the public interest of their community, reduced the risks of malnutrition and illness, and created a source of income for the mothers that were selected to receive nutrition services.
Satisfaction with the Projects’ Existence: All interviewed health educators and mothers were highly satisfied with the existence of the intervention in their areas. They stated that the intervention has helped community members addressed their needs; contributed to improved women and child healthcare and raised health awareness; minimized the spread of illnesses and encouraged case referral to the health center; and provided the needy with a source of income. Similarly, all interviewed KIs had the same opinion on the existence of interventions in their communities.
Selection of Beneficiaries: All interviewed health educators were aware of the selection criteria as they had to submit their applications in line with job advertisement publicized by the project implementing partner. They submitted their applications and were selected to participate in the intervention as health educators by the IP (SFD). Among the interviewed mothers, 67 percent confirmed that they were aware of selection criteria under the nutrition intervention, while the remaining 33 percent were not. Six mothers (67 percent) stated that they were selected through SFD, two (22 percent) through health educators, and one beneficiary (11 percent) through the community committee.
Satisfaction with Beneficiaries’ Selection Process: All interviewed health educators (all female) expressed strong satisfaction with the beneficiaries’ selection process since it had a high level of transparency, and was done without bias towards anyone. The process was satisfactory to all
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interviewed mothers as well, of whom 89 percent were strongly satisfied noting that the project had selected eligible mothers. They also added that the intervention provided a good opportunity for them to learn about children’s healthcare and how to protect them against illnesses. Similar opinions were recorded from interviewed Key Informants (100 percent) confirming their satisfaction with selection process and stated that mothers were selected based on set criteria and according to the lists of Social Welfare Fund (SWF).
Orientation for Beneficiaries: All selected health educators participated in training organized by the project implementing partner. The training covered very useful topics focusing on breast feeding, hygiene, nutrition, diarrhea, general health topics and importance of girls’ education. Furthermore, all interviewed beneficiary mothers confirmed that the training session, facilitated by trained community health educators, discussed breastfeeding, preparation of Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS), protection against diarrhea, supplementary feeding for children and mothers, and proper nutrition for adolescent girls. In addition, all mothers stated that the training sessions also helped them to increase their knowledge and awareness on other related issues like the risks of early marriage, women’s participative role in Islam, raising children, girls’ education, motherhood, severe and acute malnutrition, cleanliness and hygiene and risks of female circumcision.
Satisfaction with Training Topics: According to the survey data, all interviewed health educators and mothers were strongly satisfied with the training topics. Health educators explained that they gained new knowledge and skills that enabled them to improve the health status of mothers and children, and raise awareness in their local communities about different health issues. Beneficiary mothers also stated that they learned many things in various fields of health and nutrition.
Payment Process: All health educators and mothers received their payment directly through SFD contracted Bank. They also confirmed that they received the full allocated amounts by themselves, and that the payments were not delayed. In addition, all interviewed health educators and mothers explained that the payment examination procedure was carried out by a woman and, therefore, they did not encounter any difficulties in receiving their payments.
Payment Location: All of the interviewed health educators confirmed that the location of payment was close to them. Most of the mothers (89 percent) also stated that the payment location was close to their residence, while one mother (11 percent) indicated that payment location was far from her house.
Satisfaction with Payment Process: All the interviewed health educators were strongly satisfied with the payment process mainly because they received it on time. All mothers were also satisfied with 89 percent being strongly satisfied because the payment procedures were simple and easy, and their dues were delivered on time.
Satisfaction with Payment Amount: All interviewed health educators were satisfied with the payment amount. Out of the total number interviewed, 44 percent were strongly satisfied with the payment as it was their main source and helped them their needs and that of their families. Also, all the mothers were satisfied with the payment amount, with 89 percent being strongly satisfied because it helped them provide sufficient food for their children, and buy medicine and other requirements.
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Aid Preference: All health educators stated that they preferred this type of intervention (CfSS) to receiving direct aid or assistance from charity organizations. They believed that the work opportunity not only provided income support but also new knowledge and skills for better opportunities in future. They also noted that work/employment opportunities offered them a chance to contribute to the community that also gave them social recognition.
Timeliness of Implementation: Health educators (100 percent) were strongly satisfied with the timeliness of intervention implementation. They said that the intervention provided a source of income for their livelihood in the difficult economic situation in Yemen. The interventions were taking place when government basic services were almost destroyed by the war. Therefore, the interventions contributed enormously to provision of basic health services to the targeted communities. All interviewed mothers were satisfied with intervention timeliness with 89 percent being strongly satisfied. They stated that the project support was timely and enabled them get to meet their basic needs, especially for their children. Moreover, all interviewed Key Informants were strongly satisfied with the timeliness of intervention. They noted that the interventions had been initiated during the current crisis when communities had no alternatives to meeting their basic needs. It had also created positive effects on both the targeted households and the local community.
Fiduciary: All beneficiaries (educators and mothers) pointed out that the payment process was transparent, clear and free of manipulation. None of interviewed mothers complained of being asked to pay any amount of money to be selected, or have deductions from their dues. Additionally, all health educators were aware of their expected amount of payment, and accordingly received the same amount. However, majority of the mothers (78 percent) stated that they were unaware about the payment amount to be provided after completion of training session, indicating that selected mothers were not provided detailed information about their entitlement. Only two mothers (22 percent) were aware of the amount they would receive for their participation.
Grievance and Complaints Process: Survey data revealed that all interviewed health educators and mothers were aware of the grievance redress system. In addition, they all knew what action to take to submit any complaints. Interviewed mothers stated that they would contact health educators or project consultants in case of a complaint or problem. The findings indicate that both the health educators and mothers were well informed about the grievance redress mechanism and how to use it.
Assessment of Implementation Progress towards Targets
Progress of Sub-project under CfSS-Nutrition: According to IP (SFD) project documents for the conditional cash transfer for nutrition (second phase in nine districts of Al Hudaydah Governorate), the target beneficiary mothers were about 30,000 individuals in the nine districts, and the target youth health educators was 1,500. It was assumed that the average of these targets is equal to the targets of a single district, and since the project is scheduled for two years, and it has been 10 months since starting the implementation, then the project should have reached 41.7 percent. However, it was found that the project had actually reached less as illustrated in table 1.4, concluding that the project is 10 percent behind its targets.
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Table 1.4: Progress Vs Target analysis on visited nutrition sub-project
Mothers Youth Health Educators Target Actual Progress % Target Actual Progress % 3,333 1,034 31% 167 60 36%
Satisfaction on Quality and Outcomes of Sub-project: The quality and outcomes of visited sub-projects was satisfactory to all health educators and mothers who were strongly satisfied. Health educators pointed out that mothers were benefiting from awareness sessions which was positively reflected on their children’s health and reduced malnutrition. Moreover, the intervention created a source of income for both mothers and health educators. Mothers added that they learned new and important knowledge, especially cleanliness and hygiene, breastfeeding and how to avoid malnutrition. The intervention also helped them meet some basic needs for their families. Furthermore, all key informants were strongly satisfied, stating that the intervention benefited mothers through awareness raising on nutrition and other basic health issues; and provided a source of income for their livelihood.
Improvement of employment opportunities: All interviewed health educators believed that their gained knowledge, skills and experience from this intervention (CfSS-Nutrition) increased their employment opportunity to get new job in future.
Gender Issue: A variety of aspects were measured to verify the extent to which visited sub-projects was female- friendly and considered gender aspects for health educators. The key aspects were suitability of works, effect on obligations or personal activities, negative effects from family or others, exposure to mistreatment or violence during the implementation and any other difficulties encountered. Survey data revealed that the intervention is female-friendly in all the measured aspects.
Challenges/ difficulties: Low level of community awareness on health issues as well as social traditions were the main challenges encountered by the health educators during implementation. Key informants, on the other hand, stated that no challenges or difficulties were observed during implementation.
Impact/Effect of Interventions:
Impact on Beneficiary Families: Generally, the intervention had a positive impact on health educators’ livelihood and their families as all health educators stated. Seventy-eight percent stated that livelihood was significantly improved due to the payment received from the intervention which helped them meet their families’ basic needs. The remaining 22 percent said that their livelihood had moderately improved. Furthermore, all interviewed mothers confirmed that the intervention contributed to improving their livelihood, and clarified that payment covered their basic needs and medicine for their children.
Utilization of Payment Received: Beneficiaries used payment received from CfSS-nutrition mainly food (100 percent). Twenty-two percent of the interviewed health educators spent part of their money on health care, and 11 percent used it to cover for miscellaneous home supplies. In addition, Page 35 of 68
all supported mothers spent some of their cash on food as a priority like the health educators, 89 percent spent portions of their payment on health care, and 33 percent of mothers spent some of their cash on their children’s education.
Maternity and child health improvement: All mothers confirmed that the intervention has positive impacts on health. They stated that the intervention helped minimize the spread of children’s illnesses and improve nutrition for mothers. Also, the CfSS- Nutrition intervention had contributed awareness raising on the importance of maintaining cleanliness and how to avoid malnutrition and improve children’s health. The two interviewed Key Informants (100 percent) confirmed that the intervention had a positive impact on the targeted community health. It raised health awareness among pregnant mothers and their children, and how to minimize children’s malnutrition.
Social Cohesion: The assessment found that social cohesion was improved due to the intervention. Both health educators and mothers confirmed that the intervention created a good learning and working environment for different groups including women, youth, and IDPs. The intervention increased collaboration to work together among different community groups. In addition, all interviewed mothers and educators indicated that the intervention created a common feeling of harmony and belonging to the area through mutual social solidarity. The intervention also created a learning and knowledge-sharing environment through community gatherings/meetings.
All beneficiaries also confirmed that the intervention did not create any kind of conflict within community, rather, it promoted interaction and collaboration among community members. The two Key Informants interviewed (100 percent) pointed out that all different groups (women, youth, IDPs) participated in identifying interventions that serve the common interest of different community groups and needs. They further added that the intervention promoted social cohesion through cooperation among community members.
Lessons Learned
Nutrition (CfSS) intervention proved to create suitable employment opportunities for female youth in the community
Recommendations
SFD should consider scaling up this intervention as malnutrition has been one of the main challenges in the country and is threatening the lives of millions of Yemeni children, according to UNICEF.
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SUB-COMPONENT 1.2: SMALL COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE
This sub-component focuses on creating and rehabilitating community infrastructure to improve accessibility to public services. It includes various types of interventions such as water (drinking water reservoir), agriculture (water-harvesting reservoirs, and protection of agricultural land), sanitation, road pavement and rehabilitation as well as education interventions such as school rehabilitation. In the fifth TPM assessment, a total of 10 field visits were conducted in 10 governorates17. The monitoring visits covered all the sectors under this sub-component. In total, 20 key informant interviews were conducted (all male)18. These KIs were mainly community committee members, community leaders, and local authority staff. In addition, asset verification was performed by skilled engineers and through extensive desk reviews. Almost 30 percent of the interviewed KIs between 37-45 years; 25 percent were over Figure 2.1: Overall Performance of 50 years; 20 percent were 45-50 years and the remaining 25 SCI Interventions percent were between 26-36 years.
Table 2.1 shows the list of visited sub-projects under various sectors. Annex B contains a map of the field visits highlighting the location of the visited 10 sub-projects.
Table 2.1: List of visited sub-projects under Small Community Infrastructure Sector – Sub-project Number and % of Visits Governorates Agriculture – Water Harvesting 1 (10%) Amran Agriculture – Protection of Agricultural Land 1 (10%) Sa’ada Water – Drinking Water Reservoir 2 (20%) Hajjah, Lahj Education – Classroom Rehabilitation 2 (20%) Raymah, Taiz Road – Rural Roads Stone Paving 2 (20%) Abyan, Al Mahwit Sanitation – Rehabilitation of Sanitation Lines 1 (10%) Aden Sanitation – Public Toilets Main Cities 1 (10%) Amanat Al Asimah Total 10 (100%) 10
17 Aden, Amanat Al-Asimah (Capital City), Taiz, Hajjah, Lahj, Abyan, Sa’ada, Al-Mahwit, Amran, and Raymah 18 MSY intended to cover both male and female KIs, but unfortunately they did not any female KIs at visited sub-project sites who were community committee leaders/members.
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Quality of Project Management
Selection of Sub-projects: The selection of sub-projects followed an inclusive Figure 2.2: Who Identified the Interventions (multiple responses) and participatory process where the targeted communities and IP (PWP) were jointly involved. Key informants 80% 55% confirmed that the community 45% committee leaders played a key role in identifying the interventions with the Community Implementing Local authorities committee/leaders partner involvement of local authorities and implementing partner (PWP). According to the key interviewed informants, community committee/ leaders participated in identifying 80 percent of interventions, while local authorities were involved in identifying 55 percent of interventions.
Satisfaction with the Identification Process: The identification of Small Community Infrastructure interventions was satisfactory as mentioned by the targeted Figure 2.3: Satisfaction with selection of intervention communities (100 percent) and
interviewed KIs. The majority (70 70% percent) of interviewed KIs were strongly satisfied with the selection 30% process and said that it took into account community priorities including the need to improve education and transport services. Satisfied Strongly Satisfied They also stated that the interventions were demand-driven and responded to community needs.
Selection of Beneficiaries: All the key informants were satisfied with the beneficiary selection process, with 75 percent being strongly satisfied. They stated that the Figure 2.4: Satisfaction with selection of process selected the needy, poor and beneficiaries IDPs and took into account those
affected by the crisis. The remaining 75% 25 percent of KIs were just satisfied.
25%
Satisfied Strongly Satisfied
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Maintaining Sub-projects’ Logbook on Site: During the fifth TPM field survey, MSY examined the existence and maintenance of logbooks at sub-project implementation sites. It was found that 90 percent of the Table 2.2: Availability of Logbooks visited sub- Maintain Sector Project ID Governorates District projects regularly Site Logbook maintained sub- 19-06-10097 Amran Iyal_Surayh project logbooks Agriculture 14-06-7123 Saada Baqim on site. One sub- 21-02-7290 Raymah Kusmah Education project did not 03-02-10488 Taizz Sama 15-05-8824 Al Mahwit Al Mahwait maintain a Road logbook as the 12-05-10358 Abyan Lawdar 01-04-10363 Amanat AlAsimah Shu'aub work was Sanitation 02-04-10004 Aden Dar_Sad suspended due to 10-03-10199 Lahij Tuban Water being targeted by 08-03-10313 Hajjah Abs an airstrike19 in Sa’ada Governorate (Baqim District: sub-project cod 14-06-7123).
Involvement of Local Community Workers: MSY reviewed logbooks of visited sub-projects in order to verify the adherence to the requirement of engaging at least 50 percent of the labourers from the local community in the implementation of SCI sub-projects. Table 2.3 illustrates the percentage of local workers involved in each sub-project. It was found that, on average, 63 percent of employed workers were local community members, exceeding the required target by 50 percent.
Table 2.3: Percentage of Local Labor
% Of ID Governorates District Sector Local Data Source Labor 19-06-10097 Amran Iyal_Surayh 100% Logbook Agriculture 14-06-7123 Saada Baqim 100% consultant 21-02-7290 Raymah Kusmah 97% Logbook Education 03-02-10488 Taizz Sama 19% Logbook 15-05-8824 Al Mahwit Al Mahwait 59% Logbook Road 12-05-10358 Abyan Lawdar 43% Logbook 01-04-10363 AmanatAlAsimah Shu-aub 84% Logbook Sanitation 02-04-10004 Aden Dar_Sad 25% Logbook 10-03-10199 Lahij Tuban 88% Logbook Water 08-03-10313 Hajjah Abs 17% Logbook ALL AVERAGE 63%
19 As requested by UNDP, MSY submitted an investigation report of the incident with eye witness statements, and assessment of the impact of the incident on the relevant party. MSY found that the contractor was not willing to resume works and finalize the sub-project due to airstrike risks. An M&E notice has been issued to UNDP and PWP in this regard. Page 39 of 68
Worker Safety: The TPM survey assessed the availability and use of safety tools for worker safety and security during implementation of SCI sub-projects. This was done through visual inspection by the field engineers during the field visits. Moreover, further verification was completed in consultation with two key informants and four workers from each of visited sub-projects on whether safety conditions were considered during implementation. Table 2.4 illustrates the availability of safety tools according to field verification in each sub-project site. The findings regarding safety gear/tools are classified in four categories: (Available, Partially Available, Unavailable, and not required)20
Table 2.4: Availability of safety gear according to visual inspection
Availability of Safety Tools
Sector Project ID Governorates District
Gages
Gloves
Helmets
First aid kit Firstaid
SafetyShoes
Percentage % Percentage
SafetyJackets Protectiveglasses
19-06-10097 Amran Iyal_Surayh 17 Agriculture 14-06-7123 Saada Baqim work is suspended 21-02-7290 Raymah Kusmah 100 Education 03-02-10488 Taizz Sama 79 15-05-8824 Al Mahwit Al Mahwait 100 Road 12-05-10358 Abyan Lawdar 42 Amanat Al 01-04-10363 Shu-aub 40 Sanitation Asimah 02-04-10004 Aden Dar-Sad 79 10-03-10199 Lahj Tuban 79 Water 08-03-10313 Hajjah Abs 99
Available Partially Unavailable Not Required
Two sub-projects were noted as not having any of the required safety tools, namely (ID: 19-06-10097: Rainwater harvesting 2500m3 in Amran Governorate, and ID: 14-06-7123: Rehabilitation of karif (pond) in Sa’ada Governorate), which was suspended after the air strike. Two sub-projects were noted as not having all required safety gear, namely (ID: 12-05-10358: Road stone paving, Lawdar City Center in Abyan Governorate, and (ID: 01-04-10363: Public Latrines in Amanat Al-Asimah Governorate (Capital City). M&E notices were issued in this regard to PWP to ensure corrective action.
Additionally, Table 2.5 summarizes KIs and interviewed workers’ opinions on whether contractors provided safety gear/tools to workers. Responses were weighted at 30 percent for each KI and 10 percent for each worker since workers’ opinion regarding safety could be biased due to pressure from
20 Calculation of availability percentage is conducted for necessary safety tools equally. Tools are given an equal full score depending on the number of necessary tools. If available, the tool is given full score, half if partially available and zero if unavailable. The percentage is the sum of these scores. Page 40 of 68
contractor or self-carelessness on the use of such items. The overall results show that contractors provided safety gear by 91 percent21. Generally, such results show improved availability and considerations of safety.
Table 2.5: Considering Safety Conditions Considering Safety Conditions Key Informant Labors (40%) Sector Project ID Governorates District (60%)
KI1 KI2 labor 1 labor 2 labor 3 labor 4 (%) Total 19-06-10097 Amran Iyal_Surayh 100 Agriculture 14-06-7123 Saada Baqim work is suspended 100 21-02-7290 Raymah Kusmah 100 Education 03-02-10488 Taizz Sama 80 15-05-8824 Al Mahwit Al Mahwait 100 Road 12-05-10358 Abyan Lawdar 100
01-04-10363 AmanatAlAsimah Shu-aub 60 Sanitation 02-04-10004 Aden Dar_Sad 100 10-03-10199 Lahj Tuban 100 Water 08-03-10313 Hajjah Abs 70 Average of Considering Safety Conditions 91 Yes No
Measures Taken to Limit Negative Environmental Effects: It was found that contractors took necessary measures to limit negative impacts of sub-projects on the environment in accordance with IP’s (PWP) policy. Some applicable measures, like construction waste removal, were noted in most of the visited sub-projects. In some sites such measures were not applicable (i.e.: fencing) or required only at the end of the implementation (i.e.: waste removal). Table 2.6 lists the main observations made by field engineers in this regard.
Table 2.6: Measures taken to limit environmental effects
ID Governorates District Sector
WC
tion
Site
Fencing
Removal Removal
Afforesta
Construct ion Waste ion 19-06-10097 Amran Iyal Surayh Agriculture 14-06-7123 Saada Baqim 21-02-7290 Raymah Kusmah Education 03-02-10488 Taizz Sama 15-05-8824 Al Mahwit Al Mahwait Road 12-05-10358 Abyan Lawdar 01-04-10363 AmanatAlAsimah Shu-aub Sanitation 02-04-10004 Aden Dar-Sad 10-03-10199 Lahij Tuban Water 08-03-10313 Hajjah Abs ALL 80% 70% 50% 70%
It was also observed that agriculture and sanitation sub-projects put in place significant measures to
21 Table 2.4 is based on visual inspection, while 2.5 is based on Key Informants and labourers perception, which might have a less elaborate vision on safety and thereby score higher Page 41 of 68
minimize environmental effects from implemented sub-projects. The analysis also shows that all types of visited sub-projects took timely initiative to remove construction waste from implemented sites to reduce environmental harm to surrounding agricultural land. Finally, MSY issued M&E notices for poorly performing sub-projects (according to the Table 2.6) to ensure contractors take necessary action to maintain required environmental safety standards.
Timeliness of Interventions: Most of the interviewed KIs (90 percent) expressed satisfaction with timeliness of interventions, Figure 2.5: Satisfaction with the timing of with 60 percent being strongly intervention satisfied. They explained that
the interventions were initiated 60%
on time when most of the 30% targeted community members
were experiencing hard times 10% as a result of the current crisis in Yemen. The remaining 10 percent were dissatisfied Dissatisfied Satisfied Strongly Satisfied because of the intervention interrupted with the normal school schedule.
Grievance System: The fifth TPM survey assessed the extent to which the grievance and complaints mechanism functioned at sub-project implementation sites. Generally, two methods of grievance reporting were preferred at the field level by the IPs. The first was the use of site logbooks to register complaints so that consultants and area managers could review and resolve. The second was the newly introduced hotline numbers, which are posted at strategic locations at sub-project sites for easy visibility and access to report complaints to IP headquarters. It was observed that the hotline number was missing in all visited sub-project sites. An M&E notice was issued to the IP to take corrective action.
In addition, MSY team tested provided hotline numbers at different times of the day to check the efficiency. Only 25 percent of the calls were answered, while 75 percent were not answered. It is recommended that IPs consider having a small call center rather than using staff phone numbers to receive complaints.
Assessment of Implementation Progress compared to Targets
Implementation Progress of Sub-projects under the Small Community Infrastructure Sub-component:
Desk reviews were conducted based on progress documents received from the Implementing Partner (PWP) in order to compare actual progress of sub-projects against targeted progress. For ongoing sub-projects, the progress of implementation is calculated by the following equation:
푁푢푚푏푒푟 표푓 퐷푎푦푠 퐵푒푡푤푒푒푛 푆푡푎푟푡푖푛푔 퐷푎푡푒 푎푛푑 퐹푖푒푙푑 푉푖푠푖푡 퐷푎푡푒 푇푎푟𝑔푒푡푒푑 퐴푐ℎ𝑖푒푣푒푚푒푛푡 = % 푇표푡푎푙 푁푢푚푏푒푟 표푓 퐼푚푝푙푒푛푡푎푡푖표푛 퐷푎푦푠 퐴푐푐표푟푑푖푛푔 푡표 퐶표푛푡푟푎푐푡
If expected Achievement Percentage > 100 (Project implementation is delayed) Whereas Page 42 of 68
Actual Achievement Percentage: Calculated during desk reviews by analyzing established works and remaining works,
And
푆푡푎푡푢푠 = 퐴푐푡푢푎푙 퐴푐ℎ𝑖푒푣푒푚푒푛푡 / 푇푎푟𝑔푒푡푒푑 퐴푐ℎ𝑖푒푣푒푚푒푛푡
If 푆푡푎푡푢푠 =1, sub-project progress is exactly in line with targeted schedule If 푆푡푎푡푢푠 >1, sub-project is ahead of schedule, the percentage indicates the significance of progress If 푆푡푎푡푢푠 <1, sub-project is behind schedule, the percentage indicates the significance of delay
Table 2.7 shows implementation progress status of visited sub-projects in line with PWP progress documents compared with results of the monitoring visits. The following three categories of symbols were used to indicate the progress status. • The blue signs () indicates that the sub-project was actually ahead of schedule, and progressed beyond that stated in documents. Size of the sign reflects how advanced is progress compared to target. • The green sign () indicates that the sub-project was actually in line with schedule, and progress on the ground matches what was stated in documents. • The red sign () indicates that the sub-project was actually behind schedule and did not progress as planned in the documents. • The large red symbol represents long delay and green blue indicates good progress.
Table 2.7: Status of interventions in terms of Actual Progress/ Targeted Progress
% % Project Sub-project's # Name of Visited Sub-project
ID/Code Sector
Actual
Status
ment ment
Achieve Achieve Targeted Public latrines in front of bus Sanitation – 01-4- 1 station Alsyla shoub- sawan Public Toilets 103 85 10363 Main Cities Rehabilitation of the sewerage Sanitation – network back alleys Al-Midan 02-4- Rehabilitation 2 neighborhood (second phase) 103 50 10004 of Sanitation -Ezlaz Al-Sharqia -Maydan - lines Dar Saad Rehabilitation of 22 May Education – 03-2- 3 School - khanq-Shraee - / Classroom 41 70 10488 Sama Rehabilitation Water reservoir 100m3 for Water– Drinking 08-3- 4 Bani Uqili, al-Majra, Qutbah, - Water 83 95 10313 Aabs Reservoirs Water reservoir 50m3 - Water– Drinking 10-3- 5 neighborhood of Omar bin Ali- Water 101 75 10199 AlWahat-Tuban Reservoirs 12-5- Stone paving Lowder city Rural Roads 6 85 50 10358 center - / Lowder Stone Paving 14-6- Rehabilitation of karif (pond) Agriculture – 7 109 80 7123 Al- Eyban Al-Malhemaa- Protection of Page 43 of 68
% % Project Sub-project's # Name of Visited Sub-project
ID/Code Sector
Actual
Status
ment ment
Achieve Achieve Targeted Yasnim- / Baqem Agricultural Land Stone paving road Almaaras 15-5- Rural Roads 8 Muhied- alwakaf – Al 95 30 8824 Stone Paving Mahweet Rain water harvesting Agriculture – 19-6- 2500m3 Alhabein qahal- Water 9 80 50 10097 khamis qahal- Eyal Sureih Harvesting Reservoirs Rehabilitation Safa primary Education – 21-2- school + rain water 10 Classroom 167 90 7290 harvesting Beni Abdel Aziz - Rehabilitation village / Safa - Kusmah
According to Table 2.7, five sub-projects (containing large red symbol) were critically behind schedule (02-4-10004, 12-5-10358, 15-5-8824, 19-6-10097 and 21-2-7290). Three others were also behind schedule - containing small red symbols - (01-4-10363, 10-3-10199, and 14-6-7123). The remaining two sub-projects were ahead of schedule (03-2-10488, and 08-3-10313).
Table 2.8 lists main reasons for delay in the implementation of the sub-projects as noted by the engineers and KIs.
Table 2.8: Main Reasons for Delay Code Location Sector Reasons of Delay 01-4- Amanat Al Sanitation • Disputes/conflict (peddlers stopped implementation 10363 Asimah- Shu-aub as the site was used by them, this was resolved by local council, then some locals stopped it again until they were sure that the works were not an investment project) • Security situation sometimes forced suspension of activities during the December 2017 events, since the location was close to ground clashes. 02-4- Aden- Dar-Sad Sanitation • Disputes/conflict (locals interfered complaining of the 10004 specifications such as size of manholes) • Inadequacy of typical design (needed to be modified to suite such sub-project). • Technical issues: Stopping pump which caused back flow. • Security situation due to demonstrations. 10-3- Lahij- Tuban Water • Lack of reinforced steel from the area. 10199 • Security situation sometimes made activities stop (sub-project site was in a market in which four demonstrations were conducted and stopped the works); also there were some disputes with peddlers. 12-5- Abyan- Lawdar Road • Difficulty of closing the sub-project site because of 10358 being in a market. • Lack of stone production in the area. Page 44 of 68
Code Location Sector Reasons of Delay • Flash floods due to heavy rain • Ongoing demonstrations.
14-6-7123 Saadah- Baqim Agriculture • Accident caused by coalition airstrike which destroyed a loader and killed the driver. 15-5-8824 Almahwit- Al Road • Road roughness; and a small bridge collapsed due to Mahwit flood waters that made road inaccessible. 19-6- Amran- Iyal- Agriculture • Cash delay in liquidating one of contractor payments 10097 Surayh • Changing sub-project location (land cracks appeared in the original site). 21-2-7290 Raymah- Kusmah Education • Cash transfer delay. • Road conditions were very rough for transporting construction materials to sub-project site. • Lack of water; distance of connecting pipeline from sub-project site.
M&E notices were issued to PWP with comprehensive recommendations regarding the noted implementation delays. The notices are attached in Annex E.
In addition to the above analysis on implementation timeline/schedule, MSY further assessed the physical progress status of visited sub-projects. Table 2.9 compares planned and actual progress based on documents on planned targets received from the IP and actual progress at visited sub- project sites.
Table 2.9.: Achieved Vs Targets (According to measurements of dimensions) # Sub-sector Sector # of Sub- Unit Planned Achieved % projects Targets Targets Water Harvesting 1 Agriculture 1 M3 2500 1250 50 Reservoirs Protection of agricultural 2 Agriculture 1 Hectare 2.1 1.7 81 land 3 Drinking Water Reservoirs Water 2 M3 150 132 88 Rehabilitation of school 4 Education 2 No. 18 14.3 79 class rooms 5 Rural Roads Stone Paving Road 2 Km 2 0.8 40 Rehabilitation of Sanitation 6 Sanitation 1 Km 0.65 0.325 50 lines and manholes 7 Public Toilets Main Cities Sanitation 1 M 150 127 85 Total 10
Quality of Sub-Project Interventions: The quality of work at visited sub-projects was assessed in various aspects of implementation including quality of construction materials in terms of type/quality; cleanness and appropriate handling and storing; quality of equipment and tools used in terms of availability and condition; quality of dimensional measurements and deliverable; and adequacy of labour (quantity and quality). The assessment also focused on quality of implemented works and examined whether the completed works are defect-free or not. Figure 2.6 shows the percentage of sub-projects that were found fully satisfactory, to some extent satisfactory, and Page 45 of 68
unsatisfactory in terms of the mentioned quality aspects. The data analysis revealed that inadequacy of labour (quantity and quality) was found in one of the agricultural sector sub-project (code 19-06-10097); and minor defects (slight leakage of water from the reservoir) of implementation was noticed in one of the water reservoir sector sub-project (code
Figure 2.6: Quality Aspects Assessment Unsatisfactory To some extent satisfactory Satisfactory Cleanness of Building Materials 20% 80% Adequacy of Labour (Quantity&Quality) 11% 33% 56% Type/Quality of Building Materials 10% 90% Quality of Implementation 20% 80% Major Defects 100% Minor Defects 10% 90% Quality of Project Components… 20% 80% Quality of Final Measurements of Project 20% 80% Availability&Condition of Tools 20% 80% Availability&Condition of Equipments 20% 80%
08-03-10313). M&E notices were issued to the IP (PWP) to take appropriate corrective action.
Key Informants Satisfaction with Quality of Sub-projects: All interviewed key informants were satisfied with the quality of sub-projects. Among them, 45 percent were strongly satisfied Figure 2.7: Key informants satisfaction with quality of subprojects and explained that the quality of the
construction materials, quality of the 55%
implemented works and continuous 45% monitoring by the IP were the reasons behind their strong satisfaction. The remaining 55 percent were satisfied. These results are an improvement of the fourth Satisfied Strongly Satisfied TPM22.
Verification of Community Assets/ Infrastructure Rehabilitated: Verification of assets created or rehabilitated under SCI sub-component was carried out through visual inspection of works/activities under implementation during field visits. It aimed to find out whether implementation was going on smoothly without suspensions; measure capacity of reservoirs; number of rehabilitated classrooms, and the length of the rehabilitated roads. The observations included taking photos and/or videos of the sites and assets during the implementation and Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates were recorded as evidence of the existence of the works and assets. The observations also provided
22 4th TPM finding: Of the key informants interviewed, 93 percent generally satisfied with the quality of sub-projects (male: 93 percent; female: 100 percent); of whom 33 percent (male: 37 percent; female: zero percent) were strongly satisfied.
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additional input to the extensive desk review conducted on the sub-component.
The field visits found that all of the 10 sampled sub-projects do exist and 90 percent were ongoing. (10 percent) of the projects were suspended (sub-project code 14-06-7123). The type of works being implemented in ongoing sub-projects is listed in Table 2.10.
Table 2.10: Ongoing works observed during field visits Sl. Sub-project Name and location Implementation details Public latrines at Alsyla Shoub- Sawan Bus Station Implementing interior lintels. 1 Sanitary and electrical installations. Rehabilitation of the sewerage network back alleys Excavating, pipe connection for 2 Al-Midan neighborhood (second phase) -Ezlaz Al- main line and land leveling. Sharqia -Maydan - Dar Saad Rehabilitation of 22 May School - khanq-Shraee - 3 Painting fencing wall. Sama Water reservoir 100m3 for Bani Uqili, al-Majra, Painting works and site disposal 4 Qutbah, -Aabs removing. Water reservoir 50m3 - neighborhood of Omar bin Implementing chlorination room 5 Ali- AlWahat-Tuban ground beams and preparing reservoir roof for concrete casting. 6 Stone paving Lowder city center, Lowder Paving mid road with stones. Rehabilitation of karif (pond) Al- Eyban Al- No works under implementation. 7 Malhemaa-Yasnim- / Baqem (suspended due to airstrikes) Road stone paving Almaaras Muhied- Alwakaf – Al Cutting stones. 8 mahweet Paving road shoulders with stones. Rain water harvesting 2500m3 Alhabein qahal- Cleaning reservoir walls and 9 khamis qahal, Eyal Sureih removing disposal. Rehabilitation of Safa Primary School - rain water Finishing works on laboratory 10 harvesting Beni Abdel Aziz village/Safa - Kusmah benches.
Satisfaction with Intervention Existence: All of the interviewed KIs were satisfied, with 85 percent Figure 2.8: Satisfaction with existence of intervention being strongly satisfied. They stated that the
interventions increased supplies of potable water, 85% improved social cohesion and environmental conditions, support education continuity, facilitated transportation, created employment
opportunities, and improved agricultural land. 15%
Satisfied Strongly Satisfied Community Benefits Created by Rehabilitated Assets/Infrastructure: It was found that implemented sub-projects under this component created a variety of benefits for the targeted communities. The KIs mentioned that the implemented sub- projects contributed to improved accessibility to important services such as supplies of potable Page 47 of 68
water, transportation and WASH facilities. They also noted that the creation of employment opportunities during the current difficult circumstances was a key benefit for targeted communities. The interventions helped IDPs/Returnees to better cope with the critical situation and strengthen their resilience. Furthermore, the interventions encouraged students to return to school and extend education services in targeted communities. Besides, agriculture and environmental conditions of the targeted communities were improved as a result of implemented interventions.
Challenges and Difficulties Encountered during Implementation: According to the interviewed KIs, different types of challenges were encountered during the implementation of the sub-projects. Table 2.11 presents the main challenges encountered in each sub-project as reported by the key informants. MSY calculated the percentage of responses in a specific way, i.e. number of KIs mentioning a challenge divided by total KIs who said that sub-projects encountered challenges.
Table 2.11: Challenges and Difficulties23 Type of sub-projects
Road Agriculture Water Education Sanitation All
7123
7290
8824
10313
10097
10363
10004
10358 -
10199
10488
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
06
02
05
03
05 06 04
03 04
02
-
- -
Type of -
- - -
- -
-
Frequency
14 21
15
Percentage
12 08
01
10 02 03 Challenges 19
Public services that should be 1 1 7% implemented before execution Rain/floods made road inaccessible, 2 1 3 20% and provision of supplies difficult Security situation sometimes led to 1 1 2 1 5 33% stoppage of activities/supplies Lack of liquidity 1 1 7% Change of sub- project location 2 2 13% (because of capacity issue) Lack of oil/water supplies for 2 2 13% implementation works Rough Roads 1 2 3 20% Locals’ interventions 2 2 13% about specifications or
23 Columns are sub-project codes, and rows are challenges, the number of cells denotes the number of key informants mentioning that challenge. Numbers can be none, 1, or 2 as maximum number of KIs/ sub-project is 2. Page 48 of 68
property Demand of 2 2 13% additional work Congested paving site (central 2 2 13% market) Lack of raw materials from 1 1 7% source
Impact/Effect of Interventions
Improvement of Social Services to Communities/Accessibility of Public Services: According to the documents provided by PWP, it was Figure 2.9: Estimated number of community members benefiting from visited (10) sub-projects estimated that 42,244 community Local community members were direct, 3225, Local benefitting from (7%) community indirect, 37451, created/ Returnees (80%) rehabilitated direct, 442, (1%) community assets Returnees (10 visited sub- indirect, 617, projects). (1%) IDPs direct, However, the 697, (1%) IDPs indirect, 4681, (10%) interviewed KIs estimated that 47,723 community members were benefiting from the visited sub-projects. The estimates are depicted in Figure 2.9 disaggregated by category of community members.
Social Cohesion: Majority of the interviewed KIs (90 percent) confirmed that the interventions did not create any sort of conflicts in the targeted communities. However, 10 percent stated that two sub- projects in the sanitation sector created conflicts. One sub-project was in Amanat Al Figure 2.10: Contribution in improvement of social cohesion Asimah Governorate (Capital City; code: 01-04-10363) where arguments arose between the relevant authorities and the 90% contractor on whether the implementer 100% was PWP or a private sector. The other was in Aden Governorate (code: 02-04-10004). 10% 0% The KI stated that there was interference Creation a conflict of Improvement of social any kind cohesion and argument from locals about project Negative contribution Positive contribution specifications. This caused some delays to the implementation but it was finally addressed by local authorities and the implementation was resumed.
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Overall, all interviewed KIs noted that the interventions had positive contribution towards social cohesion and explained that the sub-projects enhanced cooperation among community members. For instance, sanitation sub-projects helped in resolving neighborhood disputes that existed because of sewerage overflow challenges.
Environmental Impacts: The findings from interviewed KIs as well as observations of the field visits confirmed that no negative effects/impacts were caused by visited sub-projects towards the environment, agricultural land, or vegetation. Majority of interviewed KIs (80 percent) reported positive environmental effects and said that interventions contributed to improving hygiene and sanitation, provided supplies of potable water, and protected agricultural land from soil erosion.
KIs in Amran’s agriculture-water harvesting sub-project, nonetheless, stated that the waste from construction will affect agricultural land unless it was removed before the rainy season. An M&E notice was issued to the IP on the concern of KIs in order to inform the respective contractor to take necessary and timely actions for waste disposal from to mitigate the potential negative environmental effects.
Health Impacts: No negative health effects/impacts including worker injury were reported by any workers. Rather, 80 percent of the key informants noted positive health effects as a result of implemented interventions. They mainly emphasized that interventions provided access to potable water, improved hygiene and health conditions, and enhanced access to health services due to improvement of the road network by implemented interventions.
Lessons Learned
o Interventions encouraged community participation as a farmer in Al-Mahwit Governorate offered a US$ 7,500 grant to extend the road beyond the targeted area, providing another self- denial lesson for public interest. He decided to extend the road in a vulnerable community rather than spending savings in performing Haj24 (Islamic Pilgrimage).
Recommendations
o PWP should follow up on implementation schedules, and work with contractors to accelerate works in delayed sub-projects and/or amend timelines. o It is recommended that PWP provides the grievance and complaints hotline phone number in sub-project sites, and ensure that they are reachable during office hours. They should also devise proper mechanisms to register, track, resolve and communicate complaints to all stakeholders. o PWP should outline safety gear items in the Special Conditions Contract so that all applicable items are agreed upon and contractors are committed to providing them.
24 He assumed that helping the needy will make Allah forgive his sins as though he had gone for Haj, if not more, as provided by Islamic belief. Page 50 of 68
Success Story: From Labour Intensive Works to Sustainable Income
hirty-three year old Yasser Sa’ad, who is married; and his 30-year-old single brother, Aref, had to start work almost 20 years ago to make a better living for their family of five brothers and three sisters. After growing up in difficult conditions, their situation has been worsened by the ongoing crisis in the country, which also led to the loss of their brother through an T airstrike.
Lack of employment opportunities and the difficult and worsening situation of their families made them both dream of owning motor bikes “We are very grateful to work in the transport business. But their dreams seemed impossible to funding entities as until Yemen Emergency Crisis Response Project (YECRP) started. well as the implementing agency When the two brothers heard that Public Works Projects (PWP) was and contractor who planning to support their area to build an elevated water tank funded by provided us job World Bank, they both approached the contractor and expressed their opportunities,” said desire to work and finally got an opportunity as wage labourers. Given this Yassir golden chance, they worked hard and were among the best workers due to their effort and commitment. They saved a portion of their wages which enabled Yassir purchase a new motor bike at the cost of YER 300,000. However, Aref decided to buy a re- conditioned motor bike that cost almost half the price of a new one.
The two brothers are now transport passengers on Al Wahat-Aden and Al Wahat- Lahj roads, earning enough money to secure basic needs for their families. They are now able to provide basic necessities including adequate food and medical treatment. On one of his trips picking up a passenger, Yassir was offered another part time job in a grocery shop in Aden, which further helped him improve the livelihood of his family. “We are very grateful to the funding entities as well as Figure 2.11: Yassir on his new motor bike implementing agency and contractor who provided us job opportunities. We hope that the support will be continued and expanded to help other needy community members like us overcome the difficulties we are experiencing in Yemen,” said Yassir. They (Yassir and Aref) are among thousands of Yemeni vulnerable youth being targeted by YECRP.
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Success Story: Labour Intensive Works Help the Displaced Make a Living
osing jobs became a normal occurrence in Yemen as a result of the ongoing crisis. Mohammed Abdullah from Taiz, aged 30, was living in Dhamar with his wife Fadia, 27, and their four children. He was a daily worker in a restaurant. His family was challenged due to a decrease in his income against increased commodity prices, which in turn made the family Lunable to pay rent for their small house
As a result, Mohammed decided to shift from rented house to his home “I also worked as a village in Taiz and live with his father’s house which was full of IDPs. driver to bring Mohammed continued to experience hardship in meeting his family’s needs material from the until he got a job opportunity as a daily wage labourer with a Public Works market to the project Project (PWP) rehabilitation sub-project at the 22 May School in Al-Khanf site” said village. He worked as a building and painting assistant and gained new skills. Mohammed “I also worked as a driver to bring material from the market to the sub-project “My wife prepared site” said Mohammed. and sold food to “My wife prepared and sold food to workers at the sub-project site. This workers at the sub- helped in generating more income to provide basic needs for our family project site. This including food, medicine, and education expenses,” said Mohammed. The helped in generating community members and workers were very cooperative and supported the more income to idea of having a female making money in a labour-intensive project. YECRP provide basic needs has been a hope for thousands of Yemeni, especially vulnerable women and for our family youth, who are facing the devastating consequences of the current crisis. including food, medicine, and education expenses,” said Mohammed
Mohammed (on the left) assisting the painter
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SUB-COMPONENT1.3: SME REVITALIZATION AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION
This sub-component supports Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) clients of Micro-Finance Institutions (MFIs) who have been severely affected by the conflict. It works to help relieve them of their current outstanding loans with the MFIs, help MFIs sustain after the losses of 2015, and support the rehabilitation of their enterprises. Given the important role that the microfinance industry plays in contributing to poverty alleviation, the project supports the operating deficit of rural-based MFIs, which enables them to sustain their levels of capacity and outreach to continue providing the financial services needed by the poor.
Additionally, the sub-component supports farmers of essential crops affected by the conflict with seeds, seedlings, drip irrigation systems, and other agricultural inputs. These inputs contribute towards Figure 3.1: Overall Performance of replacement of farmers’ damaged resources to restore their ability to Sub-component 1.3 grow food, generate income, and create wage employment. The focus is on farms for horticultural products, such as tomatoes, potatoes, and cucumbers; and cereals such as wheat, sorghum, and oats. An additional element under the sub-component is to support livestock producers and fishermen to address malnutrition and food insecurity.
In order to assess the enhanced capability of supported micro-finance institutions, MSY conducted a monitoring visit to Hadramaut Microfinance Program and 12 project-supported farms. Detail findings of visits are presented in the following sub-sections.
1.3.1 Hadhramaut Microfinance Program
Hadhramaut Microfinance Program was established in Hadhramaut Governorate on agreement between SFD and Social Advancement Foundation in 2000. The program headquarters is located in Sayun City and supports clients in Hadhramaut. Recently, a new branch was opened in Al- Mahara Governorate.
The program was supported by two grants: one of US$ 80,452 and the second of US$ 12,569. The grants, which were unconditional and aimed to cover part of the operating expenses for the year 2015, were received in 2016 and 2017. However, the grant agreements imposed a few requirements mainly in governance, application of standard accounting systems approved by the board of trustees, maintaining records of any due liabilities relieved by the grant, timely reporting to SFD on credit and loan repayment transactions, and restriction on recruiting relatives, among other conditions.
A micro-assessment was conducted to assess the severity of financial risks the foundation is facing. Annex F contains the technical working sheet of the MFI assessment including all aspects assessed with detailed information. A summary of the main findings and conclusions of the assessment, as well as recommended actions for the Foundation are presented below.
Summary of Findings i. Results of activities in 2015: Hadhramaut Microfinance Program (MFP) incurred a total loss of YER 143,651,697 as shown in the financial statements of 2015. After receiving the first grant in 2016, the Program was able to achieve a total profit of YER 45,127,417 by the end of 2016 as Page 53 of 68
shown in the financial statement of that year. This was due to the increase in provision of doubtful debts because of the following circumstances:
• Massive salary cuts of public sector employees who are the main clients of the microfinance program • Suspension of payments by the Social Welfare Fund • Internal Displacement of some client from their communities • Defaulting projects due to the crisis
ii. Written policy for loans: Hadhramout Microfinance Program has adopted a written policy contained in the operations manual inspected by MSY. iii. Provision of Doubtful Debts: According to audited financial statements, provision recorded YER 226,779,079 by 31 December 2015, and such provision increased slightly by the end of 2016 to YER 231,298,924 and decreased to YER 225,054,992 by the end of 2017. The number of doubtful debtors in 2015 was 3,023, and 3,333 and 3,482 in 2016 and 2017 respectively. iv. Written policy regarding the provisions of the doubtful debts: Hadhramout MFP adopted a written policy for the provision of the doubtful debts contained in the financial policy of the program, of which a copy was submitted to MSY. The policy indicates the percentage provision of doubtful debts according to the defaulting periods as shown in the Table 3.1:
Table 3.1: Policy on provision of doubtful debts Defaulting Period Provision From 0 - 30 days 10% From 31 - 60 days 25% From 61 - 90 days 50% From 91 - 180 days 75% More than 180 days 100% {{ This policy was found robust and suitable according to accepted microfinance activities.
v. Guarantees: Each loan is granted against guarantees according to the program’s policies of granting loans contained in the operations manual. MSY found several types of guarantees including individual and group guarantees, commercial, gold, checks, Yemeni Post Office, job guarantees, and pension cards guarantees. vi. Currency of loans being granted: Only Yemeni Riyal vii. Audit: Hadhramout Microfinance Program financial statements are regularly (annually) audited by an independent auditor in accordance with international or local standards of auditing. MSY was provided with a copy of 2015 and 2016 audits performed by the external and certified accountant (Omar Abu Bakr Ba Hamid), while statements of 2017 was not yet audited. viii. Analysis of doubtful debts on geographical basis: The visited program was found performing such analysis through its area branches, which compile reports of doubtful debts based on geographical basis. Such analysis and reports are reachable using the computerized system. ix. Analysis of loans based on an accrual period: It was found that the program maintains analysis and reports based on accrual period. MSY found reports generated from the system and show the cost and net of debts by categories provided in the policy, including number of debts.
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x. Plans and mechanisms to collect doubtful debt from clients: MSY found no written plans to get back loans. However, according to management, staff were assigned to contact and follow- up with defaulting clients for a specified period before confiscation of guarantees. xi. Operational plan for the current grant: Such plan was found within the operational budget of Hadhramout Microfinance Program for the year 2017, and a copy of which was provided to MSY. xii. Updating policy on granting loans due to current situation: such policy was available according to financial statements and collection of debts records. However, the policy needs to be revised to adapt to the current crisis. xiii. Organizational Structure: Hadhramout Microfinance Program had an organizational chart, supported with detailed job descriptions that define duties of personnel, authorities and reporting channels. However, the risk management section does not report directly to CEO but was rather the responsibility of operations management. xiv. Employee turnover: It was found that the program was able to maintain a very low employee turnover as key staff were found to have occupied their roles for several years. Even after the crisis, the institution kept its personnel, and no sign of layout or dismissal was found. xv. Skilled team that recognizes functions: By desk reviewing key personnel’s curriculum vitae, it is clear that the program maintains a capable and skilled team with relevant experience to recognize and perform functions. xvi. Computerized system: A computerized system was in place supporting the program in operations. The system was approved by SFD and board of directors, and contains accounting, loans, and HR sub-components. Mention worthy is that Hadhramout MFI has been utilizing a standardized framework called Small Enterprise Education Promotion (SEEP). This tool enabled MSY to have access to a very comprehensive analysis and information on activities such as gender disaggregation as shown in Table 3.2.
Table 3.2: Accounts by gender 2015 2016 2017 Account Type Female Male Female Male Female Male Saving Accounts 39% 61% 39% 61% 41% 59% Loan Accounts 29% 71% 30% 70% 31% 69%
xvii. Annual profit to sustain activities: According to the audited financial statement, the program was always able to achieve annual profits except in 2015 due to the crisis. xviii. Anti-corruption Policy: Organizational, financial, job descriptions, and internal auditing policies were in place to protect the organization from corruption. MSY was provided with hard copies of these policies. However, neither a standalone policy on anti-corruption nor a reporting mechanism was developed and shared among staff, suppliers, clients and others. xix. Restriction on Recruiting Relatives: After review of the payroll, MSY did not find any first or second-degree relatives to managers of departments and branches. xx. Collecting Loans: The assessment revealed that the MFI was able to manage this activity efficiently as shown in the Table 3.3:
Table 3.3: Collection of Loans 2015 2016 2017 Activities Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount Loans at the 6,215 745,428,268 6,945 746,187,467 6,858 724,520,107 beginning of the year Page 55 of 68
2015 2016 2017 Activities Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount Distributed loans 23,729 2,723,751,030 3,634 657,321,980 3,523 714,949,178 during the year Collected loans (22,999) (2,722,991,831) (3,721) (678,989,340) (3,608) (698,635,105) during the year Loans at the end of 6,945 746,187,467 6,858 724,520,107 6,773 740,834,180 the year
Recommendations
• Other project –supported MFIs should consider adopting the SEEP framework and Management Information systems (MIS) used by Hadramaut Micro-finance program to increase their efficiency and compliance with universal standards. • Hadramaut Microfinance Program should develop an anti-corruption policy with specified and communicated mechanisms of reporting and managing corruption cases. Such policy and mechanisms must be well communicated to staff, clients, and others. • Hadramaut Microfinance Program should adopt an organizational structure that places risk management at a higher and have it reporting to the CEO directly; and responsible for assessing all risks (including Information System Risks) not only operations. • SFD should minimize unconditional grants and increase grants that mainly target severely affected clients of MFIs to sustain their businesses and activities and increase their capabilities to repay loans. This will also benefit MFIs through sustaining their activities.
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1.3.2 Farmers Support
MSY conducted field visits to 12 project-supported farms in Al Hodeidah and Lahj governorates to verify the process and evaluate the existence of interventions through assets verification, quality measurements of implementation including beneficiary selection, fiduciary and grievance process, as well as overall satisfaction and impact of intervention.
Table 3.4: Field visits conducted Number of Direct Key Informants Governorate District Beneficiaries Interviews Male Female Male Female AlHudaydah Al-Zuhrah 6(100%) 0(0%) 2(100%) 0(0%) Lahj Tuban 6(100%) 0(0%) 2(100%) 0(0%) Total 12(100%) 0(0%) 4(100%) 0(0%)
Quality of Project Management:
Beneficiaries and KIs satisfaction with identification and existence of interventions: During the TPM field visits, MSY conducted interviews with direct beneficiaries, and found that 92 percent were satisfied with the existence and support of interventions. Among them 25 percent were strongly satisfied with the received support, clarifying that the Figure 3.2: Satisfaction with project exitence intervention contributed strongly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral significantly to reduced fuel costs and water consumption 67% by introducing modern 50% irrigation systems. The remaining 8 percent were 25% 25% 25% neutral. 8%
As for key informants, 75 Beneficiaries key Informants percent were satisfied with the existence of the intervention. Among them, 50 percent were strongly satisfied and stated that the intervention helped to meet the needs of targeted farmers in the current critical situation. The intervention also contributed to reduced fuel and water consumption and other hardships in farming. In addition, the intervention helped increase the farm production capacity of targeted farmers as mentioned by interviewed KIs. The remaining 25 percent were neutral. Additionally, all KIs expressed strong satisfaction with the identification process of the intervention and stated that it met the needs of poor farmers by targeting them with sustainable agricultural techniques, and helping them generate job opportunities.
Selection criteria
Source of income: Ninety-two percent of interviewed beneficiaries stated that their main source of income was agriculture, and confirmed that they did not receive any support for their farms before this intervention. Eight percent mentioned that they were public servant but are now fully dependent
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on farming as a main source of income due to the crisis in Yemen. They mentioned that the intervention targeted the right beneficiaries who were vulnerable and needed assistance for their farming and livelihood.
Area of farms: All of the supported farms in Al Hodeidah and Lahj were less than three hectares in size. This complied with the selection criteria of assisting farmers who own medium and small farms. The average area of farms visited was less than a hectare (0.77).
Number of wells: It was noted that 75 percent of beneficiaries had only one water well in their own farms, and 8 percent owned two wells - one was for their own use and the other was shared with other farmers. The same percentage (8 percent) owned more than two wells but shared with other farmers in the area. The remaining 9 percent owned two wells for their own use.
Losses: Most of the interviewed beneficiaries confirmed that they had suffered significant losses during the past period due to the crisis in Yemen. Fifty percent indicated that the high cost of fuel and pesticides have had a leading role in the deterioration of their farms and loss of crops. Also, 17 percent indicated that they incurred damages due to armed conflicts in their areas. They could not access their farms and later found their farms and crops damaged. The loss experienced by those (17 percent) farmers was approximately 3.5 million YER. Furthermore, the same percentage (17 percent) of beneficiaries stated that damages were due to the current crisis and decline of crop demand on markets. The remaining 16 percent confirmed that lack of fuel was the main reason of their loss.
Beneficiaries and KI satisfaction with the selection process: Eighty-three percent of beneficiaries were selected by the implementing partner (SFD-SMEPS), while the remaining 17 percent were selected by the community leaders. Total satisfaction with beneficiary selection process was 67 percent, of which 50 percent were strongly satisfied and stated that the selection process was according to criteria and followed priority procedures. While 25 percent of beneficiaries were neutral, 8 percent expressed strongly dissatisfaction stating that very few farmers were selected from their areas while the number of eligible and needy was higher.
A total of 75 percent of interviewed Figure3.3:Beneficiaries & KII satisfaction with selection key informants also expressed process 50%
satisfaction with the beneficiary 50%
selection process. Among them, 50
25% 25% percent were strongly satisfied and 25% explained that the project prioritized 17%
farmers who were in need of support 8%
and depended on agriculture as the 0% main source of income. The remaining Beneficiaries Key Informants 25 percent were strongly dissatisfied Strongly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Strongly Dissatisfied because the number of selected farmers was not equal in each targeted area. Fewer farmers were selected in their area compared to others.
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Beneficiary satisfaction with support procedures: Majority of beneficiary farmers (84 percent) were generally satisfied with the support procedures applied. Among them, 17 Figure 3.4:Beneficiaries satisfaction with percent were strongly satisfied and stated support procedures that support procedures were easy and 67% straightforward and that there were no delays in delivering support. Whereas 8 percent were neutral, an equal number (8 percent) were strongly dissatisfied. They 17% claimed that there was no clear and 8% 8% transparent information about the support procedures, and that selected merchants Strongly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Strongly Dissatisfied were supplied support items at a higher prices compared to market prices.
Satisfaction with time of intervention: The MSY field team conducted interviews with farmers who directly benefitted from the project to measure the level of satisfaction on timeliness of intervention. Two-third were satisfied with time of intervention, with 50 percent being satisfied and 17 being strongly satisfied. They stated that Figure 3.5:Beneficiaries & KIs Satisfaction with time timing was suitable according to their 50% of intervention 50% needs given the current crisis where 50% the prices of fuel, agriculture pesticides, and other inputs were 25% high. However, the remaining 33 17% percent were dissatisfied, with 25 8% percent being strongly dissatisfied 0% 0% because the support was delivered at Beneficiaries Key Informants the end of the agricultural season. Strongly Satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Strongly Dissatisfied
Key informants’ satisfaction with the timeliness of intervention was 50 percent. The other 50 percent expressed strong dissatisfaction because farmers received support at the end of agricultural season in Lahj Governorate and are, therefore, yet to apply all the modern techniques in their farming. Also, it was noted that agricultural seasons in Yemen differ from one area to another as well as the kind of crops cultivated. It is suggested that IPs reconsider timeliness depending on the area and crop so that beneficiaries get full benefits from the support offered.
Fiduciary aspect: Interviewed beneficiaries did not mention any amount being deducted from payments due. They all confirmed that they did not pay any money to anybody in order to be selected in this intervention, which reflected adherence to required rules and conditions.
Grievance system: It was found that 83 percent of beneficiaries were aware of the grievance system and a similar percentage stated that they would contact project management in case they had any complaint. The remaining 17 percent were unaware of the grievance system. There is a notable increase in the awareness on the grievance system from the past quarter where it was only 75 percent.
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Types of support provided to farmers: The project provided various types of agriculture inputs to targeted farmers. These included modern irrigation systems (drip), fertilizers, seeds, tulle, mulches as well as training for targeted Figure 3.6 :Kind of Support farmers on modern agriculture 100% 100% techniques and how to install and use drip irrigation systems. All interviewed farmers confirmed that 50% 50% 50% they received drip irrigation systems and fertilizers; and half of them also received mulches, tulle and training. 8% Furthermore, 8 percent of farmers stated that they additionally received Seeds Tulle Mulches Training Fertilizers Irrigation system seeds as part of the support.
Farm Production Capacity: Overall, 92 percent of the interviewed farmers confirmed that the intervention had significantly contributed to increased farm production capacity. They reported that there was an average 27 percent production capacity increased compared to previous seasons (before receiving support from the project). The remaining 8 percent stated that they were not able to measure their farm production capacity accurately because they have not harvested/cultivated their crops yet.
Livelihood Improvement and Impact:
Economic/regular income: The TPM survey assessed the extent to which the intervention contributed to improved livelihood among supported farmers. Two-thirds of beneficiaries confirmed a moderate improvement, stating that the intervention had contributed to increased farm production capacities and income compared to previous seasons. They also emphasized that installing modern irrigation systems further reduced expenses on water and fuel for irrigation. However, the remaining 25 percent could not determine the change in their livelihoods because they had not yet cultivated their crops.
Jobs creation: Two-thirds of beneficiary farmers reported that the intervention generated 163 new temporary/seasonal job opportunities for community members. The supported farmers hired short- term labour from their respective communities to prepare land for cultivation, install modern irrigation systems, and crop harvesting.
Social cohesion: All beneficiaries confirmed that the intervention promoted harmony and belonging among community members through working together and hiring members for temporary job opportunities. The intervention created cooperation among farmers through exchanging skills and knowledge even with those who were not targeted or selected for this support. Additionally, half of the beneficiaries confirmed that they had inspired other farmers (21) in their areas to buy modern irrigation systems because they found it very useful in reducing expenses on water and fuel for irrigation. They also shared with other farmers how the modern agriculture techniques increased farm production capacity as well as income.
Environmental impact and safety procedures: The TPM field monitoring team investigated whether project-supported interventions caused any negative effects on the environment in targeted Page 60 of 68
community as well as on beneficiary farmers. It was noted that the intervention had no negative effects on environment, rather interviewed farmers reported positive effect on agriculture land. It has contributed to increasing a green environment, and quality crops through utilization of appropriate fertilizers and minimizing pests. Moreover, the intervention has contributed significantly in reducing fuel and water consumption because of the use of modern techniques such as the drip irrigation system.
Furthermore, the interviewed farmers did not complain of any negative health effects or injuries experienced due to the interventions. The project took into account safety procedures and all beneficiaries confirmed that it encouraged the use of safety tools, especially gloves and masks when spraying pesticides and fertilizers.
In addition, interviewed key informants reported that the intervention had positive effects on targeted communities’ health through reducing the use of poisonous pesticides. Regarding safety procedures, 75 percent of key informants stated that safety procedures were considered during work and the remaining 25 percent mentioned that supported farmers were not using poisonous pesticides.
Challenges: Almost 92 percent of beneficiary farmers confirmed that they encountered challenges including inadequate support to cover their entire farm. Among them, 33 percent stated that the support was provided when cultivation season for targeted crops was ending. In addition, 8 percent indicated that the current economic situation in Yemen was the biggest challenge for them.
Additionally, 25 percent of KIs found the timeliness of intervention a challenge because some farmers did not utilize the support as it was provided at the end of the cultivation season. They further noted that the assessment to identify target farmers was conducted in June 2017, while support was provided in December 2017. MSY raised an M&E notice regarding the delay to the IP, who explained that selected suppliers were not able to provide all the required support/inputs due to escalation of conflict and insecurity.
Recommendations
• SFD-SMEPS should consider evaluating suppliers for quality and price of services, in addition to delivery time, in order to facilitate support procedures for beneficiaries. • SFD-SMEPS should work to reduce the period of time between surveying targeted areas and delivering support for timely implementation.
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ANNEXS
Annex A: GIS System An interactive map of visited subprojects is accessible via this link https://fusiontables.google.com/data?docid=1pN_uhgDhHllHojZOX9eyU7Wxejt8E3GShn58p70p#r ows:id=1, you can view (map, cards or rows), filter, and download. Locations are clickable to view subproject’s details (red circles indicate PWP, while green are SFD implemented subprojects)
Figure (A1): GIS Interface
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Annex B: MAPs
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Annex C: Datasets of 5th TPM Survey
Field Visits
Field Visit Report Q5 pre-cleaned 31-3-2018.xlsx
Sub-component 1.1: Cash-for-Work & CFSS
CfW
CFW Q5- Key Informant Q5 Cleaned.xlsx pre-cleaned 30-3-2018.xlsx Nutrition
Health Educators Key Informant Q5 Nutrition Ben final pre-cleaned 16-3-2018.xlsx Q5.xlsx cleanedQ5.xlsx Youth
Youth Q5 31- Youth KI Q5 Cleaned-AS.xlsx 31-3-cleaned-AS.xlsx
Sub-component 1.2: Small Community Infrastructure
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PWP_Field Visit PWP_Assets PWP_Key Informant Report Q5 cleaned.xlsx Verification Q5 cleaned.xlsx Q5 cleaned.xlsx
Sub-component 1.3: SME Revitalization
MFI
MFI Questionnair MSY.docx
Farmers’ Support
Farmars_cleaned-Q5. Key-Informant-Q5.XL Sx XLSx
Annex D: Data Collection Tools Field Key Informant Visits 20180308Field_Visit_ Key_Informant_Q4_FI ReportQ5-.docx NAL_V0.2_R-H_BW(1)_HH & BW(V3).docx
Sub- compone CFW-Ben-Q4-FINAL_ Nutrition_Ben_Q2_FI Health_Educators_Q3 Youth_KI_Q4_FINAL_ Youth_Q4_FINAL_V0. nt 1.1: v0.EW_BW(1)_HH & BW(V3).docx NAL_v0.1_R-H-MR.docx _FINAL_v0.2.docx V0.1_EW_HH & BW(V3) 1_EW_HH - Copy.docx & BW(V3) - Copy.docx Sub- compone 20180308Assets_Ver nt 1.2: ification_Q5-.docx
Sub-component 1.3: SME Revitalization
MFI
Farmers’ Support Farmers-Q4-FINAL_V 0.1_EW_BW(1)_HH & BW(V3).docx
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Annex E: M&E Notices and IPs Responses
Sub-component 1.1: Cash-for-Work
Monitoring Notice for CFW SFD Q5 Aden Alburaiqah -.pdf
Sub-component 1.2: Small Community Infrastructure
Monitoring Notice Monitoring Notice Monitoring Notice Monitoring Notice Monitoring Notice for Delayed projects_Q5PWP.pdf for Grievance Sys_Q5_PWP.pdf for HAJJAH TANK_Q5_PWP.pdf for safety_Q5_PWP.pdf Sa'ada_Q5_PWP.pdf
PWP's Responses on M&E Notices.docx
Sub-component 1.3: Farmers Support
Monitoring Notice for Farmer Support in Lahj Gov.,Tuban Dis._SMEPS Q5.pdf
Annex F: MFI Assessment Details Analysis
MFI Analysis UNDP-UN-Q5-ENG - NM .xlsx.xlsx
Annex G: Photos CFW &CFSS PWP MFI Farmers
MFI - PWP-Media_NM.docx MFI - Support farmers - media_NM.docx media_NM.docx Media_NM.docx
Annex H: Videos Videos captured by MSY’s Field Team and Engineers are available on an unlisted channel on YouTube, it is unsearchable, non-public, and only accessible for user who have this link: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL0gQsea062FQ0RRnWgRdyLF9vnwHTDsVo&disable_pol ymer=true
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