Index

Abundance variations, 132 Cygnus X-1, 267 Age-metallicity degeneracy, 129, 132, 136 Cylindrical rotation, 80, 174, 212, 238 ˛-element abundances, 100, 132, 210 Angular momentum parameterRe, 164 Ansae, 93 Dissipational mergers, 34, 322 Arp 220, 438 Dissipationless mergers, 34 Dry mergers, 276 Dwarf elliptical galaxies, 291 Barlens, 91, 407 Blue cloud, 135, 461 Blue nugget, 383 Early-type galaxy (ETG), 383 Boxy bulge/bar, 243 E–E dichotomy, 441 Buckling instability, 238 Environmental quenching, 463 Bulge, 7 ESO 243-49, 295 Bulgeless dwarf galaxies, 333 ESO 443-042, 83 External Field Effect (EFE), 417

Central disc, 138 Central lens, 4 Faber-Jackson relation, 66, 165 Chemo-dynamical simulations, 248 FCC 277, 109 Classical bulge, 42, 319, 436 Feedback models, 371 Clump instability, 438 Ferrers’ bar potential, 395 Clumpy galaxies, 357, 424 Fire-hose instability, 396 Coaxial, 18 Fundamental Manifold (FM), 189 Cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm, 323, 377, Fundamental plane (FP), 53, 166, 188 413 Collisionless merger, 322 Color gradients, 141 Gauss-Hermite, 89 Color-magnitude diagram, 135, 205, 326 Giant clumps, 357 Composite bulge, 68, 102, 137, 225, 328 Gravitational instability, 362 Cooling flow problem, 462 Core,7,441 Coreless, 441 H3 Gauss-Hermite moment, 175 Core-Sérsic galaxy, 275 H4 Gauss-Hermite moment, 175 Cosmological simulations, 330 Heinze 2–10, 111

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 479 E. Laurikainen et al. (eds.), Galactic Bulges, Astrophysics and Space Science Library 418, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-19378-6 480 Index

Hubble Deep Field, 357 MOdified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), Hubble Space Telescope (HST), 356 414 Hubble Ultra Deep Field, 357 Morphological quenching, 57 Hydrodynamic simulations, 368

N-body disc simulations, 248 IC 2531, 83 NGC 98, 98 IC 3370, 174 NGC 128, 5, 80, 217 IC 4767, 174 NGC 253, 111 IC 5240, 96 NGC 357, 101 Index- relation, 137 NGC 523, 23 Inner disc, 97, 221 NGC 628, 144 Inner ring, 46 NGC 821, 451 Instability-driven inflow, 374 NGC 936, 83, 93 Integral-field unit (IFU), 98 NGC 1055, 174 Interstellar medium (ISM), 332 NGC 1277, 285 Intrinsic ellipticity, 18 NGC 1316, 280 Intrinsic flattening, 18 NGC 1381, 83, 138 NGC 2139, 111 NGC 2276, 296 Kinematically decoupled component (KDC), NGC 2775, 5 170 NGC 2787, 97 Kinematic decoupling, 109 NGC 2841, 28 Kinematic scaling relations, 186 NGC 3079, 174 Kormendy relation, 54, 135, 289 NGC 3115, 280 NGC 3377, 451 NGC 3390, 174 Lens, 7 NGC 3608, 451 Lick/IDS indices, 63, 130 NGC 3898, 5 Line of nodes (LON), 17 NGC 3945, 97 Line-of-sight velocity distribution (LOSVD), NGC 4026, 117 87 NGC 4030, 45 Long-lived clump, 371 NGC 4138, 171 Low surface brightness (LSB), 415 NGC 4244, 109, 112 l  v diagrams of HI and CO, 251 NGC 4258, 271, 452 NGC 4274, 171 NGC 4291, 451 M31, 58, 91, 270, 346 NGC 4314, 93 M32, 270 NGC 4458, 109 M33, 8, 109 NGC 4473, 171 M87, 111 NGC 4478, 109 M101, 346 NGC 4486A, 109 Made-to-measure (M2M) method, 254 NGC 4550, 171 Main Sequence star forming galaxies, 359 NGC 4565, 80, 86, 148, 174 Major mergers, 416 NGC 4570, 109 Mass quenching, 463 NGC 4579, 5 Mbh–Msph, 276 NGC 4643, 96 MCG-6-30-15, 270 NGC 4654, 111 Mg2   relation, 166 NGC 4672, 31 Migration, 366 NGC 4698, 31, 109, 171 Milky Way bulge NGC 4710, 83 Intrinsic Shape, 31 NGC 4736, 27, 459 Minor mergers, 416 NGC 4845, 30 Index 481

NGC 5055, 45 Second buckling, 398 NGC 5266, 174 Self-consistent N-body models, 238 NGC 5377, 91 Semi-analytic model (SAM), 326 NGC 5746, 86, 173, 218 -drop, 175 NGC 5845, 109, 452 Sigma-drop galaxies, 67 NGC 5965, 218 Single stellar population (SSP), 128 NGC 6528, 205 Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), 22 NGC 6946, 116 Specific star formation rate sSFR, 435 NGC 7217, 44 Spurs, 85 NGC 7331, 171 Stable periodic orbits, 395 NGC 7332, 5, 115, 174, 175 Star formation rate, 57 Non-homologous, 18 Stellar feedback, 331 Nuclear disc, 7, 107 Sticky chaotic orbits, 395 Nuclear patchy spiral, 46 Sub-grid models, 368 Nuclear ring, 46 Superbubbles, 338 Nuclear spiral, 45 Supermassive black hole (SMBH), 117, 381, Nuclear star cluster (NSC), 107 450 Nucleus, 7 Nuker model, 293 Thick boxy bulge, 81 Thick disc, 376 Oblate, 19 3C 273, 267 Oblate isotropic rotator, 236 3C 48, 267 3-D hydrodynamical simulations, 250 Toomre instability, 361 Particle-by-particle M2M method, 254 Triaxial ellipsoid, 17 Pattern speed, 419 Tully-Fisher relation, 186 Polar bulges, 30 TwoMicronAllSkySurvey(2MASS),33 Position–velocity diagram (PVD), 173 Prolate, 19 Pseudobulge, 42, 319, 375, 436 UGC 10043, 31 Pseudo-ring, 47 Unstable periodic orbits, 395 Pure-disc galaxies, 242, 445

Red clump (RC) stars, 203, 237 Vertical buckling, 398 Red nugget, 383 Vertical metallicity gradient, 242 Red sequence, 135, 461 Virial theorem, 187   Rotationally supported, 239 Vmax/ – diagram, 164 RR Lyrae star, 203

Wet major merger, 438 Sérsic galaxy, 275 Sérsic index, 49 Scaling relations, 185 x1 family, 392 Schwarzschild modeling, 253 x1 tree, 393