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Proefschrift UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Lodewijk Bolk en de bloei van de Nederlandse anatomie, 1860-1940 de Rooij, L. Publication date 2009 Document Version Final published version Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): de Rooij, L. (2009). Lodewijk Bolk en de bloei van de Nederlandse anatomie, 1860-1940. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:02 Oct 2021 Lodewijk Bolk en de bloei van de Nederlandse anatomie, 1860-1940 Laurens de Rooy Lodewijk Bolk en de bloei van de Nederlandse anatomie, 1860-1940 ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. D.C. van den Boom ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Aula der Universiteit op donderdag 26 november 2009, te 10.00 uur door Laurens de Rooy geboren te Monnickendam Promotiecommissie: Promotores: Prof. dr. A.F.M. Moorman Prof. dr. L.T.G. Theunissen Overige leden: Prof. dr. P. de Rooij Prof. dr. R.P.W. Visser Dr. P.J. Knegtmans Prof. dr. E.S. Houwaart Prof. dr. T.M. van Gulik Prof. dr. R.J. Oostra Faculteit der Geneeskunde Inhoudsopgave Inhoudsopgave .....................................................................................................................3 Inleiding .................................................................................................................................9 De opening .................................................................................................................................9 Bolk ..........................................................................................................................................11 Bloei van onderzoek en onderwijs in Amsterdam ......................................................................12 En de anatomie? ........................................................................................................................14 Bolk en de opkomst van de anatomie als wetenschap ................................................................15 Hoofdstukindeling ....................................................................................................................16 1860-1940 Continuïteit en contrast ............................................................................................18 1. Anatomie - dienaar van de wetenschappelijke geneeskunde .........................20 Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................20 1. Franse hervormingen - chirurgie, pathologische anatomie en fysiologie .................................22 2. Duitse Fysiologie - emancipatie van een wetenschap .............................................................25 2.1 Idealistische morfologie/fysiologie ..................................................................................25 2.2 Experimentele fysiologie van de reductionistische school ................................................26 3. Anatomie na de afsplitsing van de fysiologie in Duitsland ......................................................27 3.1 Microscopische anatomie ................................................................................................27 3.2 Fysiologische anatomie ....................................................................................................29 4. Reductionistische pathologie van Virchow ............................................................................30 5. Nederlandse afsplitsing van de fysiologie ...............................................................................32 5.1 Groningen en Amsterdam ...............................................................................................32 5.2 Utrecht ............................................................................................................................33 5.3 Leiden en andermaal Amsterdam .....................................................................................34 6. Nederlandse anatomie na de afsplitsing van de fysiologie ......................................................36 6.1 Willem Koster - anatomie samen met pathologische anatomie in Utrecht ........................36 6.2 Teunis Zaaijer en Johannes Boogaard - anatomie naast de pathologische anatomie in Leiden ...................................................................................................................................38 6.3 Willem Berlin - anatomie en zoölogie in Amsterdam .......................................................41 6.4 Hendrik Middendorp - anatomie en pathologische anatomie in Groningen .....................46 6.5 Anatomie - dienaar van de wetenschappelijke geneeskunde .............................................47 7. Anatomie als wetenschap in Nederland .................................................................................48 7. 1 Bildung en Forschung - de opkomst van wetenschappelijk onderzoek aan de Duitse universiteit. ............................................................................................................................48 7.2 Natuurwetenschappelijke geneeskunde en Bildung in Nederland .....................................50 7.3 De nieuwe wet op het hoger onderwijs: de universiteit als onderzoeksinstelling ...............52 7.4 Wetenschappelijke anatomie in Nederland .......................................................................53 Conclusie ..................................................................................................................................55 2. De Duitse evolutionaire morfologie - de redding van een Nederlandse discipline in crisis ..............................................................................................................59 Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................59 1. Evolutionaire morfologie .......................................................................................................61 1.1 De oprichters: Carl Gegenbaur en Ernst Haeckel ............................................................61 3 1.2 Het evolutionair-morfologisch programma: doelen en methoden ....................................63 1.3 De school van Gegenbaur ...............................................................................................65 1.4 De morfologische richting en het onderwijs ....................................................................66 1.5 Morfologie en andere anatomische richtingen ..................................................................67 2. De eerste benoemingen: Fürbringer en Weber in Amsterdam ................................................69 2.1 De evolutionair-morfologische herinrichting van de Amsterdamse anatomie ...................71 2.2 De evolutionair-morfologische overlap tussen anatomie en zoölogie ...............................73 2.3 Fürbringers Amsterdamse leerlingen ................................................................................74 2.4 Fürbringers vertrek naar Jena ...........................................................................................75 3. Evolutionaire morfologie in Utrecht: een nieuwe wetenschap ................................................76 3.1 Voorbereiding: het lectoraat - anatomie als zoölogische wetenschap? ..............................76 3.2 De benoeming van Rosenberg: wetenschappelijk anatoom van de nieuwe richting ..........79 3.3 De crisis in de anatomie wordt onderkend .......................................................................80 4. Ruge’s benoeming in Amsterdam: morfoloog, medicus, ontleder ..........................................82 4.1 Duitse twijfel over de medische waarde van de morfologie ..............................................84 5. Van Wijhe in Groningen: de benoeming van een Nederlandse bioloog .................................85 6. Ruge’s opvolging door Bolk ..................................................................................................88 6.1 Ruge’s misrekening: het lectoraat van Seydel ....................................................................88 6.2 Exit voor een Duitse richting? De benoeming van Bolk ..................................................91 Conclusie ..................................................................................................................................96 Wetenschappelijke richting ....................................................................................................97 Nederlanderschap .................................................................................................................98
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