DOCSLIB.ORG

Petrophysical Properties of the Muschelkalk from the Soultz-Sous

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Petrophysical Properties of the Muschelkalk from the Soultz-Sous Heap et al. Geotherm Energy (2019) 7:27 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40517‑019‑0145‑4 RESEARCH Open Access Petrophysical properties of the Muschelkalk from the Soultz‑sous‑Forêts geothermal site (France), an important lithostratigraphic unit for geothermal exploitation in the Upper Rhine Graben Michael J. Heap1* , Alexandra R. L. Kushnir1, H. Albert Gilg2, Marie E. S. Violay3, Pauline Harlé4 and Patrick Baud1 *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract 1 Géophysique The Muschelkalk, composed of Triassic limestones, marls, dolomites, and evaporites, Expérimentale, Institut de Physique de Globe de forms part of the Permo-Triassic cover of sedimentary rocks that directly overlies the Strasbourg (UMR 7516 CNRS, fractured granitic reservoir used for geothermal energy exploitation in the Upper Université de Strasbourg/ Rhine Graben. Petrophysical data for this lithostratigraphic unit are sparse, but are of EOST), 5 Rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, value for reservoir prospection, stimulation, and optimisation strategies at existing and France prospective geothermal sites throughout the Upper Rhine Graben. To this end, we Full list of author information present here a systematic microstructural, mineralogical, and petrophysical characteri- is available at the end of the article sation of the Muschelkalk core (from the Middle to Lower Muschelkalk; from a depth of ~ 930 to ~ 1001 m) from exploration borehole EPS-1 at Soultz-sous-Forêts (France). First, we assessed the microstructure and mineral content of samples from six depths that we consider represent the variability of the available core. The majority of the core is composed of fne-grained, interbedded dolomites and marls; however, anhydrite and a dolomitic sandstone bank were found in the Upper and Lower Muschelkalk core, respectively. A larger suite of samples (from ffteen depths, including the six depths chosen for microstructural and mineral content analysis) were then character- ised in terms of their petrophysical properties. The matrix porosity of the measured Muschelkalk samples is low, from ~ 0.01 to ~ 0.1, and their matrix permeability is below 18 2 the resolution of our permeameter (≪ 10− m ). P-wave velocity, thermal conductiv- ity, thermal difusivity, specifc heat capacity per unit volume, Young’s modulus, and uniaxial compressive strength range from 2.60 to 5.37 km/s, 2.42 to 5.72 W/mK, 1.19 to 2.46 mm2/s, 1.63 to 2.46 MJ/m3 K, 9.4 to 39.5 GPa, and 55.1 to 257.6 MPa, respectively. Therefore, and despite the narrow range of porosity, the petrophysical properties of the Muschelkalk are highly variable. We compare these new data with those recently acquired for the Buntsandstein unit (the Permo-Triassic unit immediately below the Muschelkalk) and thus provide an overview of the petrophysical properties of the two sedimentary units that directly overly the fractured granitic reservoir. Keywords: Muschelkalk, Porosity, P-wave velocity, Thermal properties, Uniaxial compressive strength, Microstructure, Geothermal, Upper Rhine Graben © The Author(s) 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creat iveco mmons .org/licen ses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Heap et al. Geotherm Energy (2019) 7:27 Page 2 of 29 Introduction Geothermal energy projects within the Upper Rhine Graben, a 350-km-long and 50-km- wide Cenozoic rift valley, exploit anonymously high geothermal gradients (> 80 °C/km) that are attributed to crustal thinning and efcient large-scale hydrothermal convection (e.g., Ledésert et al. 1996; Pribnow and Schellschmidt 2000; Buchmann and Connolly 2007; Guillou-Frottier et al. 2013; Baillieux et al. 2013; Magnenet et al. 2014; Vallier et al. 2018, 2019). Indeed, more than ffteen geothermal wells have been drilled in the Upper Rhine Graben since the 1980s (Vidal and Genter 2018). Te geology of the region con- sists of a fractured granitic basement (e.g., Ledésert et al. 1993; Genter and Traineau 1996; Genter et al. 1997; Hooijkaas et al. 2006; Sausse et al. 2006; Dezayes et al. 2010; Genter et al. 2010; Villeneuve et al. 2018; Glaas et al. 2018) overlain by a sequence of Permian and Triassic sedimentary rocks (Buntsandstein, Muschelkalk, and Keuper; e.g., Hafen et al. 2013; Vidal et al. 2015; Grifths et al. 2016; Aichholzer et al. 2016, 2019; Heap et al. 2017; Kushnir et al. 2018a, b; Heap et al. 2018, 2019; Duringer et al. 2019; Harlé et al. 2019), Jurassic sedimentary rocks, and Tertiary to Quaternary graben fll (e.g., Berger et al. 2005; Hinsken et al. 2007, 2011; Aichholzer et al. 2016; Duringer et al. 2019) (Fig. 1c). Te Buntsandstein unit, a ~ 400-m-thick sequence of sandstones (Fig. 1c) (e.g., Aich- holzer et al. 2016; Heap et al. 2017), and the Muschelkalk unit, a ~ 100-m-thick sequence of Triassic limestones, marls, dolomites, and evaporites (Fig. 1c) (e.g., Aichholzer et al. 2016; Duringer et al. 2019), are considered to form the top of the regional convection zone (e.g., Vidal et al. 2015; Baujard et al. 2017). Both units are known to be laterally extensive in the Upper Rhine Graben (e.g., Sittler 1969; Brun and Wenzel 1991). Te per- meability required to support large-scale hydrothermal convection in the Buntsandstein Quaternary to Pliocene b c Oligo- Wissembourg cene Soultz-sous-Forêts Rittershoffen EPS-1 a GPK-1-4 Eocene Paris Haguenau Strasbourg Saverne Jurassic Nantes Keuper STRASBOURG Musch- elkalk Lyon Molsheim N Bordeaux Marseille Obernai Natzwiller Buntsandstein 100 km N Kintzheim granite town m wells 20 km 200 GPK-2 Fig. 1 a Map of France showing the location of Strasbourg. b Map of the Bas-Rhin department showing the location of several towns and cities, including Soultz-sous-Forêts and Rittershofen, and EPS-1 exploration well and the GPK-1-4 wells at Soultz-sous-Forêts (blue circle). c Stratigraphic column showing the stratigraphy at the Soultz-sous-Forêts geothermal site (for GPK-2; Aichholzer et al. 2016). The reservoir granite was encountered down to the fnal drilling depth of 5080 m (not shown here) Heap et al. Geotherm Energy (2019) 7:27 Page 3 of 29 and Muschelkalk units is provided by faults and fractures (e.g., Vidal et al. 2015; Kushnir et al. 2018a). In the Muschelkalk unit, the focus of the present study, there is ample evi- dence for permeable fractured zones (e.g., Reyer et al. 2012; Meier et al. 2015; Vidal et al. 2015; Aichholzer et al. 2016). For example, Reyer et al. (2012) and Meier et al. (2015) analysed fault zones within the Muschelkalk unit with displacements ranging from a few centimetres to a few tens of metres in northwest and southeast Germany, respectively. Many of the faults described in these studies appear related to the regional stress feld associated with the Upper Rhine Graben, in which intra-graben faults strike dominantly NNW (with subsidiary NNE and NW sets) and faults on the border of the graben strike between NW and NE (Peters and van Balen 2007; see also Schumacher 2002; Cardozo and Behrmann 2006; Meixner et al. 2016). Te faults studied by Reyer et al. (2012) and Meier et al. (2015) are also associated with damage zones containing fractures preferen- tially orientated parallel to the fault strike. Within France, the correlation of stratigraphic logs from Soultz-sous-Forêts and Rittershofen (locations given in Fig. 1b) suggests the presence of faults within the Muschelkalk (Aichholzer et al. 2016). Te two permeable zones in the Muschelkalk identifed in the GPK-2 and GPK-3 wells at Soultz-sous-Forêts have apparent thicknesses between 5 and 20 m; the orientation of these faults, however, is challenging to interpret in the absence of imaging logging (Vidal et al. 2015). Te Bunt- sandstein and Muschelkalk units are not only important for regional hydrothermal con- vection, but recent and forthcoming geothermal projects have also targeted the interface between the fractured granitic basement and these overlying Permo-Triassic sedimen- tary rocks. Te Muschelkalk unit, for example, is also used as a hot water aquifer at the geothermal plant at Riehen in Switzerland (in the Upper Rhine Graben; e.g., Link et al. 2015). As a result, the petrophysical properties of the rocks forming the Buntsandstein and Muschelkalk units form essential input parameters in thermo-hydro-mechanical modelling designed to better understand large-scale fuid circulation, heat fow calcula- tions, and temperature estimations and can be used to guide reservoir stimulation strat- egies and assessments of borehole stability. Recent experimental studies have explored the microstructural and petrophysical properties of the Permo-Triassic Buntsandstein lithostratigraphic unit (Fig. 1c). Heap et al. (2017), for example, measured the porosity, permeability, and P-wave velocity of sandstones from exploration borehole EPS-1 at the Soultz-sous-Forêts geothermal site (France) (Fig. 1a, b). Tese authors found that the porosity, P-wave velocity, and perme- ability of these sandstones vary from ~ 0.03 to 0.2, ~ 2.5 to 4.5 km/s, and ~ 10−18 to 10−13 m2, respectively. Te low porosity, high P-wave velocity, and the low permeability of the sandstones comprising the top (Grès à Voltzia and Couches Intermédiaires formations) and bottom (Grès d’Annweiler and Grès anté-Annweiler formations) were considered by these authors to be a result of pore-flling alteration (Heap et al. 2017). Te uniaxial com- pressive strength and Young’s modulus of Buntsandstein sandstones from EPS-1 were found to range from ~ 50 MPa and ~ 10 GPa, respectively, for a porosity of ~ 0.25 and up to ~ 250 MPa and ~ 40 GPa, respectively, for a porosity of ~ 0.04 (Heap et al.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Geothermal Fluid and Reservoir Properties in the Upper Rhine Graben
    Geothermal fluid and reservoir properties in the Upper Rhine Graben Ingrid Stober Institut für Angewandte Geowissenschaften – Abteilung Geothermie Strasbourg, 5. Februar 2015 1 KIT – Universität des Landes Baden-Württemberg und Institut für Angewandte Geowissenschaften - nationales Forschungszentrum in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Abteilungwww.kit.edu Geothermie Geological situation of the Upper Rhine Graben During Early Cenozoic and Late Eocene: • Subsidence of Upper Rhine Graben • Uplift of Black Forest and Vosges mountains as Rift flanks Uplift (several km) caused erosion on both flanks of the Graben, exhuming gneisses and granites. The former sedimentary cover is conserved within the Graben. The deeply burried sediments include several aquifers containing hot water. Additionally there are thick Tertiary and Quaternary sediments, formed during the subsidence of the Graben. 2 Prof. Dr. Ingrid Stober Institut für Angewandte Geowissenschaften - Abteilung Geothermie Complex hydrogeological situation in the Graben • Broken layers, partly with hydraulic connection, partly without • Alternation between depression areas & elevated regions (horst – graben – structure) • Hydraulic behavior of faults unknown • There are extensional as well as compressive faults • Main faults show vertical displacements of several 1,000 meters • Thickness of the individual layers not constant. 3 Prof. Dr. Ingrid Stober Institut für Angewandte Geowissenschaften - Abteilung Geothermie Hydrogeology • Thickness of the individual layers not constant • Hauptrogenstein
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of the Sauropsid Reptile Nothosaurus from the Lower Muschelkalk of the Western Germanic Basin, Winterswijk, the Netherlands
    A new species of the sauropsid reptile Nothosaurus from the Lower Muschelkalk of the western Germanic Basin, Winterswijk, The Netherlands NICOLE KLEIN and PAUL C.H. ALBERS Klein, N. and Albers, P.C.H. 2009. A new species of the sauropsid reptile Nothosaurus from the Lower Muschelkalk of the western Germanic Basin, Winterswijk, The Netherlands. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54 (4): 589–598. doi:10.4202/ app.2008.0083 A nothosaur skull recently discovered from the Lower Muschelkalk (early Anisian) locality of Winterswijk, The Nether− lands, represents at only 46 mm in length the smallest nothosaur skull known today. It resembles largely the skull mor− phology of Nothosaurus marchicus. Differences concern beside the size, the straight rectangular and relative broad parietals, the short posterior extent of the maxilla, the skull proportions, and the overall low number of maxillary teeth. In spite of its small size, the skull can not unequivocally be interpreted as juvenile. It shows fused premaxillae, nasals, frontals, and parietals, a nearly co−ossified jugal, and fully developed braincase elements, such as a basisphenoid and mas− sive epipterygoids. Adding the specimen to an existing phylogenetic analysis shows that it should be assigned to a new species, Nothosaurus winkelhorsti sp. nov., at least until its juvenile status can be unequivocally verified. Nothosaurus winkelhorsti sp. nov. represents, together with Nothosaurus juvenilis, the most basal nothosaur, so far. Key words: Sauropterygia, Nothosaurus, ontogeny, Anisian, The Netherlands. Nicole Klein [nklein@uni−bonn.de], Steinmann−Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie, Universtät Bonn, Nußallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Paul C.H. Albers [[email protected]], Naturalis, Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands.
    [Show full text]
  • Silicification and Organic Matter Preservation In
    Central European Geology, Vol. 60/1, 35–52 (2017) DOI: 10.1556/24.60.2017.002 First published online February 28, 2017 Silicification and organic matter preservation in the Anisian Muschelkalk: Implications for the basin dynamics of the central European Muschelkalk Sea Annette E. Götz1*, Michael Montenari1, Gelu Costin2 1School of Physical and Geographical Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom 2Department of Earth Science, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA Received: July 19, 2016; accepted: October 3, 2016 Anisian Muschelkalk carbonates of the southern Germanic Basin containing silicified ooidal grainstone are interpreted as evidence of changing pH conditions triggered by increased bioproductivity (marine phytoplankton) and terrestrial input of plant debris during maximum flooding. Three distinct stages of calcite ooid replacement by silica were detected. Stage 1 reflects authigenic quartz development during the growth of the ooids, suggesting a change in the pH–temperature regime of the depositional environment. Stages 2 and 3 are found in silica-rich domains. The composition of silica-rich ooids shows significant Al2O3 and SrO but no FeO and MnO, indicating that late diagenetic alteration was minor. Silicified interparticle pore space is characterized by excellent preservation of marine prasinophytes; palynological slides show high abundance of terrestrial phytoclasts. The implications of our findings for basin dynamics reach from paleogeography to cyclostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy, since changes in the seawater chemistry and sedimentary organic matter distribution reflect both the marine conditions as well as the hinterland. Basin interior changes might overprint the influence of the Tethys Ocean through the eastern and western gate areas. Stratigraphically, such changes might enhance marine flooding signals.
    [Show full text]
  • GUIDEBOOK the Mid-Triassic Muschelkalk in Southern Poland: Shallow-Marine Carbonate Sedimentation in a Tectonically Active Basin
    31st IAS Meeting of Sedimentology Kraków 2015 GUIDEBOOK The Mid-Triassic Muschelkalk in southern Poland: shallow-marine carbonate sedimentation in a tectonically active basin Guide to field trip B5 • 26–27 June 2015 Joachim Szulc, Michał Matysik, Hans Hagdorn 31st IAS Meeting of Sedimentology INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION Kraków, Poland • June 2015 OF SEDIMENTOLOGISTS 225 Guide to field trip B5 (26–27 June 2015) The Mid-Triassic Muschelkalk in southern Poland: shallow-marine carbonate sedimentation in a tectonically active basin Joachim Szulc1, Michał Matysik2, Hans Hagdorn3 1Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland ([email protected]) 2Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark ([email protected]) 3Muschelkalk Musem, Ingelfingen, Germany (encrinus@hagdorn-ingelfingen) Route (Fig. 1): From Kraków we take motorway (Żyglin quarry, stop B5.3). From Żyglin we drive by A4 west to Chrzanów; we leave it for road 781 to Płaza road 908 to Tarnowskie Góry then to NW by road 11 to (Kans-Pol quarry, stop B5.1). From Płaza we return to Tworog. From Tworog west by road 907 to Toszek and A4, continue west to Mysłowice and leave for road A1 then west by road 94 to Strzelce Opolskie. From Strzelce to Siewierz (GZD quarry, stop B5.2). From Siewierz Opolskie we take road 409 to Kalinów and then turn we drive A1 south to Podskale cross where we leave south onto a local road to Góra Sw. Anny (accomoda- for S1 westbound to Pyrzowice and then by road 78 to tion). From Góra św. Anny we drive north by a local road Niezdara.
    [Show full text]
  • Beiträge Zur Kenntniss Der Obertriadischen Cephalopoden-Faunen
    562 Retiews—Himalayan Triassic Fossils. Maryland. It is strange that the British Survey has always laboured under difficulties, and that its staff and equipment have been inadequate to deal with many matters of economic interest which other countries find it wise to thoroughly investigate. III.— (1) BEITRAGE ZUR KKNNTNISS DER OBERTRIADISCHEN CEPHALO- PODEN-FAUNEN DES HIMALAYA. By Dr. EDMUND MOJSISOVICS EDLBR VON MOJSVAE. Denkschr. d. k. Akad. d. Wissenschaften, Wien, math.-naturw. Classe, Bd. lxiii, pp. 575-701, pis. i-xxii, 1896. (2) HIMALAYAN FOSSILS. THE CEPHALOPODA OF THE MHSOHELKALK. By CARL DIENER. Mem. Geol. Surv. India. Palseontologia Indica, ser. xv, vol. ii, part 2, 118 pp., xxxi pis., 1895. HEN the older collections from the Himalayan Trias were W described, species were regarded in a much wider sense than obtains nowadays ; hence, before the correlation of the Indian Trias with the Triassic rocks of other countries could be attempted, it was necessary for these collections to be re-examined and fully described. Accordingly, at the suggestion of Mr. Griesbach (now Director), the Geological Survey of India consented to send all their collections of Himalayan fossils to Professor Suess in Vienna, in order that they might be worked out by Austrian specialists. (1) The Cephalopoda were entrusted to Dr. E. Mojsisovics, who has done so much work on the Cephalopoda of the Austrian Trias; and he at once saw that by far the larger number of the specimens came from the lower portion of the Trias, and that the upper beds were represented by only a few specimens. Kecognizing the scientific interest which a more detailed knowledge of the Himalayan Trias would have, in some " Preliminary Eemarks on the Cephalopoda of the Himalayan Trias," which Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Gondwana Vertebrate Faunas of India: Their Diversity and Intercontinental Relationships
    438 Article 438 by Saswati Bandyopadhyay1* and Sanghamitra Ray2 Gondwana Vertebrate Faunas of India: Their Diversity and Intercontinental Relationships 1Geological Studies Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India; email: [email protected] 2Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India; email: [email protected] *Corresponding author (Received : 23/12/2018; Revised accepted : 11/09/2019) https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020028 The twelve Gondwanan stratigraphic horizons of many extant lineages, producing highly diverse terrestrial vertebrates India have yielded varied vertebrate fossils. The oldest in the vacant niches created throughout the world due to the end- Permian extinction event. Diapsids diversified rapidly by the Middle fossil record is the Endothiodon-dominated multitaxic Triassic in to many communities of continental tetrapods, whereas Kundaram fauna, which correlates the Kundaram the non-mammalian synapsids became a minor components for the Formation with several other coeval Late Permian remainder of the Mesozoic Era. The Gondwana basins of peninsular horizons of South Africa, Zambia, Tanzania, India (Fig. 1A) aptly exemplify the diverse vertebrate faunas found Mozambique, Malawi, Madagascar and Brazil. The from the Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic. During the last few decades much emphasis was given on explorations and excavations of Permian-Triassic transition in India is marked by vertebrate fossils in these basins which have yielded many new fossil distinct taxonomic shift and faunal characteristics and vertebrates, significant both in numbers and diversity of genera, and represented by small-sized holdover fauna of the providing information on their taphonomy, taxonomy, phylogeny, Early Triassic Panchet and Kamthi fauna.
    [Show full text]
  • Stratigraphy and Palaeogeography of Lower Triassic in Poland on the Bassis of Megaspores
    acta ,,_01011108 polonloa Vol. 30, No ... Wa.ruawa 1980 RYSZARD FUGLEWICZ Stratigraphy and palaeogeography of Lower Triassic in Poland on the bassis of megaspores ABSTRACT: The study deals with stratigraphy and correlation of Buntsandstein in the Polish Lowland and in the Tatra Mts on the basis of megaspores. Three key (for Buntsandstein) assemblage megaspore zones were diatingulshed: Otynisporites eotriassicus, Ttileites poloni1!us - PusuIosporites populosus and Trileites validus. Two new species (EchitTtZetes vaIidispinus sp. n. and Nathor8tt­ spontes cornutus sp. n.) were described. An influence of tectonic movements of Pfiilzic and Harc:legsen phases on sedimentation of Buntsandstein was discussed. INTRODUCTION In the paper a lithostratigraphy, a biostratigraphy and a palaeogeo­ graphy of Lower Triassic in the Polish Lowland and in the Tatra Mts are presented. The material for the analyses came from cores of 18 boreholes of Geological Institute, Warsaw and of petroleum · exploration firms at WoIomin and Pila(Fig. 1); among them 11 boreholes were cored in full. Besides, the random samples of nine other boreholes of petroleum exploration firms were used. In the Tatra Mts the samples were taken from exposures of High-tatric Triassic by Z6ua: Tumia and in the valley of Stare Szalasiska as well as from Sub-tatric Triassic in the Jaworzynka valley. During the analysis of these profiles and the confrontation of lite­ rature data the author concluded that within a sequence of Bunt­ sandstein there were almost in the whole area of the Polish Lowlands two oolitic horizons that had originated in result of marine ingressions. Therefore, a previously prepared lithostratigraphical scheme of Poland (Fuglewicz 1973) could be used.
    [Show full text]
  • Rambles Through the Archives of the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope
    A THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES — RAMBLES J THEOUGH THE .^liCi-x . .'-^.z.- OF THE COLONY OF THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, 1688-1700. BY HENDRIK CAREL VOS LEIBBP.AKDT, V.D.M, Graduate of Utrecht University, Ktcper of the Archives, and Acting Librarian of the Parliamentary Lilrury. " Truth is established by scrutiny and deliberation : falsehood thrives by precipitation and uncertainty." Tacitcs. FIRST SERIES. CAPE TOWN: J. C. JUTA AND CO. 1887. All Righti Heservcd. LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, Limitbd. 6TAMF0KD STKEET AND CHARIKG CROSS. TO THE HONOURABLE JOHN TUDHOPE, MEMBER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY, COLONIAL SECRETARY OF THE COLONY OF THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, STbis Volume IS DEDICATED AS A MARK OF THE PERSONAL REGARD THE AUTHOR. ly s INTRODUCTION. Many authors have complained that, although their works are read, the introductions penned by them with so much pains are generally skipped, and that often the writing of even a small one is a more difficult task than the treatment of many portions of the subject to which the volume which it is intended to introduce, has been devoted. • Be this as it may, I hope that at least a few of my readers will peruse this first page. It will explain the reason why I wrote. Being Custodian of the Archives of the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope—a most interesting and valuable collection of Dutch official papers, covering the period from the departure from Holland of Commander Johau van Eiebeeck, in December, 1G51, in order to establish a factory or refreshment station here, until January, 180G, when the Cape was taken by England—I considered it necessary, not only to arrange the documents properly, but also to draw out their contents in the form of an English precis, and, at the same time, compile a copious index for the convenience of reference.
    [Show full text]
  • A Revised Palaeogene Lithostratigraphic
    Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia (Research in Paleontology and Stratigraphy) vol. 124(1): 163-246. March 2018 A REVISED PALAEOGENE LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK FOR THE NORTHERN SWISS JURA AND THE SOUTHERN UPPER RHINE GRABEN AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE NORTH ALPINE FORELAND BaSIN CLAUDIUS PIRKENSEER1,3, GAËTAN RAUBER1 & STÉPHANE ROUSSÉ2 1 Paléontologie A16, Office de la culture, Rue de la Chaumont 13, CH-2900 Porrentruy. 2 Beicip-Franlab, 232 avenue Napoleon Bonaparte, FR-92500 Rueil-Malmaison. 3 Earth Sciences, Université de Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 6, CH-1700 Fribourg. To cite this article: Pirkenseer C., Rauber G. & Roussé S. (2018) - A revised Palaeogene lithostratigraphic framework for the northern Swiss Jura and the southern Upper Rhine Graben and its relationship to the North Alpine Foreland Basin. Riv. It. Paleontol. Strat., 124(1): 163-246. Keywords: lithostratigraphic correlation; formation revision; Eocene; Oligocene; clastic sedimentology; interbasinal relationships; heavy minerals. Abstract. The Palaeogene deposits in the Swiss Molasse Basin, the intermediate Swiss Jura and the adjacent southern Upper Rhine Graben represent an excellent case study for interbasinal sedimentary and palaeogeographic relationships. The topographic and geologic complexity of the area led to an accumulation of local stratigraphic terms during nearly 200 years of research activity, necessitating a simplification of the lithostratigraphic framework. Additionally, the extension of the investigated area over two historically shifting language areas and the absence of a standardised supraregional lithostratigraphy adds to complexity of the situation. In revising and grouping around 200 multilingual Palaeogene lithostratigraphic terms and spellings from the northern Jura and the southern Upper Rhine Graben that accumulated since 1821 we propose a concise standard- ised framework of 10 formations (6 new and/or emended) and 6 new members.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Information for Ancient Genomes from Present-Day France
    Supplementary Information for Ancient genomes from present-day France unveil 7,000 years of its demographic history. Samantha Brunel, E. Andrew Bennett, Laurent Cardin, Damien Garraud, Hélène Barrand Emam, Alexandre Beylier, Bruno Boulestin, Fanny Chenal, Elsa Cieselski, Fabien Convertini, Bernard Dedet, Sophie Desenne, Jerôme Dubouloz, Henri Duday, Véronique Fabre, Eric Gailledrat, Muriel Gandelin, Yves Gleize, Sébastien Goepfert, Jean Guilaine, Lamys Hachem, Michael Ilett, François Lambach, Florent Maziere, Bertrand Perrin, Susanne Plouin, Estelle Pinard, Ivan Praud, Isabelle Richard, Vincent Riquier, Réjane Roure, Benoit Sendra, Corinne Thevenet, Sandrine Thiol, Elisabeth Vauquelin, Luc Vergnaud, Thierry Grange, Eva-Maria Geigl, Melanie Pruvost Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], Contents SI.1 Archaeological context ................................................................................................................. 4 SI.2 Ancient DNA laboratory work ................................................................................................... 20 SI.2.1 Cutting and grinding ............................................................................................................ 20 SI.2.2 DNA extraction .................................................................................................................... 21 SI.2.3 DNA purification ................................................................................................................. 22 SI.2.4
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Number: 1591 the Stratigraphic Table of Germany Revisited: 2016
    Paper Number: 1591 The Stratigraphic Table of Germany revisited: 2016 Menning, M., Hendrich, A. & Deutsche Stratigraphische Kommission Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany, menne@gfz- potsdam.de For the occasion of the “Year of Geosciences” in Germany 2002 the German Stratigraphic Commission created the “Stratigraphic Table of Germany 2002” (STD 2002) [1]. It presents more than 1 000 geological units, beds, formations, groups, regional stages, and regional series of the Regional Stratigraphic Scale (RSS) of Central Europe in relation to the Global Stratigraphic Scale (GSS). Alongside the recent stratigraphic terms are also some historical names like Wealden (now Bückeberg Formation, Early Cretaceous) and Wellenkalk (now Jena Formation, Muschelkalk Group, Middle Triassic) [1] (http://www.stratigraphie.de/std2002/download/STD2002_large.pdf). The numerical ages in the table have been estimated using all available time indicators including (1) radio-isotopic ages, (2) sedimentary cycles of the Milankovich-band of about 0.1 Ma and 0.4 Ma duration for the Middle Permian to Middle Triassic (Rotliegend, Zechstein, Buntsandstein, Muschelkalk, and Keuper groups), and (3) average weighted thicknesses for the Late Carboniferous of the Central European Namurian, Westphalian, and Stephanian regional stages. Significant uncertainties are indicated by arrows instead of error bars as in the Global Time Scales 1989 and 2012 (GTS 1989, Harland et al. 1990 [2], GTS 2012, Gradstein et al. 2012 [3]). Those errors were underestimated in the GTS 2012 [3] because they were calculated using too much emphasis on laboratory precision of dating and less on the uncertainty of geological factors. Figure 1: Buntsandstein and Muschelkalk in the Stratigraphic Table of Germany 2016 (part) In 2015 und 2016 the German Stratigraphic Commission updated the entire STD 2002 [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Steam-Water Relative Permeability
    Hydrochemical properties of deep carbonate aquifers, SW-German Molasse Basin Ingrid Stober Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Adenauerring 20b, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany [email protected] Keywords: Karstified limestone aquifer, deep seated fluids, hydrochemistry, geothermal energy ABSTRACT The Upper Jurassic (Malm) limestone and the middle Triassic Muschelkalk limestone are the major thermal aquifers in the southwest German alpine foreland. The aquifers are of interest for production of geothermal energy and for balneological purposes. The hydrochemical properties of the two aquifers differ in several aspects. The total amounts of dissolved solids (TDS) are much higher within the Upper Muschelkalk aquifer than within the Upper Jurassic. Water composition data reflect the origin and hydrochemical evolution of deep water. Rocks and their minerals control the chemical signature of the water. With increasing depth, the total of dissolved solids increases. In both aquifers, the water evolve to a NaCl-dominated fluid regardless of the aquifer rock. The salinity of the aquifers has different sources. In the case of the Upper Muschelkalk it is linked to deep circulation-systems, while the hydrochemical properties in the Upper Jurassic developed due to changing overburden and hydraulic potential. 1. INTRODUCTION The deep Upper Jurassic carbonates are the most important reservoir rocks for hydrothermal energy use in Southern Germany. Especially in the Munich area of Bavaria (Germany), several geothermal power plants and district heating systems were installed since 2007. In Baden-Württemberg (SW-Germany), the Upper Jurassic thermal aquifer is of shallower depth (Fig.1), therefore colder and the thermal water is rather used for balneological purposes including heating of nearby buildings.
    [Show full text]