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Home , Akebono (satellite), Kashiwa, Reimei, University of Tokyo

Introduction of Graduate School of Science, the University of and Associated Introduction of myself Institute (ISAS/JAXA) • Solar-terrestrial physics (STP), Space (plasma) physics and • Auroral and geospace/planetary explorations through Suggestions on SpaceMaster Thesis Themes and spacecraft operations from ground-based Masafumi HIRAHARA sites Space and Planetary Science Group, • Developments of plasma/particle instruments and Department of and Planetary Science, associated calibration facility for in-situ observation in space Graduate School of Science, The • Experimental/data analysis works for space plasma/particle （email: [email protected]） (skype: masa.hirahara) observations Departments in Graduate School of Research Groups in Our Department Science Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Group 9 Today I am a representative of three research groups; two Physics Space and Planetary Science Group in Univ. Tokyo and one in ISAS/JAXA. Astronomy Earth and Planetary System Science Earth and Planetary Science (EPS) Group 1. Space instrumentation/data analysis in Hongo of Univ. Tokyo Chemistry Solid Earth Science Group 2. Planetary research in of Univ. Tokyo Biophysics and Biochemistry Geosphere and Biosphere Science Biological Sciences Group 3. component development in of ISAS/JAXA http://www.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/ http://www.eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/index_en.html

Solar Geospace- Solar-Terrestrial wind Earth Graduate School of Science (GSS), Environment Radiation belt (Van Allen belt) the University of Tokyo (UT)

Sun Ring current Gespace-ionosphere Univ. Tokyo Main Island of In Hongo Area Solar wind plasma stream and interplanetary magnetic field Terrestrial upper atmosphere (Expansion of solar corona) and intrinsic magnetic field Akihabara Mercury’s magnetospheric formation and Atmospheric escape/evolution and climate acceleration of space plasma particles due to change due to direct interaction between interaction between solar wind and Mercury’s solar wind and Martian ionosphere Intrinsic magnetic field

Central Area of Tokyo Central Tokyo Campuses of Univ. Tokyo Hongo, , Kashiwa, Mercury magnetospheric , Nakano Mercuryexploration mission Mars Graduate School of Science (GSS), In Hongo campus of Univ. Tokyo the University of Tokyo (UT)

Hongo Campus of Univ. Tokyo

Univ. Tokyo Main Island of Japan In Hongo Area

Akihabara GSS of UT for SpaceMaster

Central Area of Tokyo Central Tokyo Campuses of Univ. Tokyo Hongo, Komaba, Kashiwa, Shirokane, Nakano

Master Themes in Hongo of Univ. Tokyo • Construction and automation of ion/electron beam facility for calibrating space plasma/particle instruments for BepiColombo Mercury magnetosphere and future terrestrial/planetary explorations – 1 – 200 keV ion/electron beam line – Beam line profiling and calibration system control – Final calibration for BepiColombo high-energy ion sensor – A few eV – a few tens of keV ion beam line • Design of suprathermal ion energy/mass spectrometers for future terrestrial/planetary explorations – Polar-ionosphere and Geospace explorations – Martian upper atmosphere and ionosphere exploration • Data display/analysis system for auroral images and plasma particle data – Auroral imaging camera data from and ALIS – Google Earth or other visualization platform Sun International Geospace Observation Network Solar Wind Geospace Geospace- ORBITALS FAST Ionosphere Solar Wind Magnetosphere

Radar RBSP Lidar Earth Radiation Belts Heater Ring Current Auroral Camera Radiation Belts ERG Reimei Magnetometer (Van Allen Belts)

CASSIOPE RESONANCE Geospace- Magnetosphere FORMOSAT-5 KuaFu Plasma Sun Sheet THEMIS LANL GOES Ring Current Cluster II POES Ionosphere

Space Plasma/Particle Energy Distribution Calibration Facility for Space Plasma/Particle Instruments ～200-keV ion/electron beam line in Geospace

10 MeV

XEP 1 MeV inner belt outer belt HEP-i HEP-e 100 keV MEP-i MEP-e ring current Energy 1 keV plasma sheet LEP-i LEP-e

TSP-i TSP-e 1 eV plasmasphere electron ion L=2 Re L=5 Re (H+, He+, O+) Altitude from Earth Plasma/particle instrument package has to cover a wide energy range over more than 7 orders. Ionization source with High-voltage power supply （+150kV） mass separator and beam expander Air shower

Isolation outside of clear room Transformer High-voltage power supply （+50kV） (GSS, UT) (200kV)

Vacuum chamber Inside of clear room Isolation tube with (GSS, UT) linear accelerator Air shower

Turntable and X-stage Vacuum pumps

55-keV_H^+_He^2+_He^+_N^+ Master Themes in Hongo of Univ. Tokyo 10 8 H^+ He^2+ 6 He^+ H^+ 4 N^+ • Construction and automation of ion/electron beam facility for 2 0 calibrating space plasma/particle instruments for BepiColombo 0 500 1000 1500 TOF-ch Mercury magnetosphere and future terrestrial/planetary 14 110-keV_H^+_He^2+_He^+_N^+ 12 H^+ He^2+ explorations 10 He^+ 8 N^+

H^+ – 1 – 200 keV ion/electron beam line 6 4 – Beam line profiling and calibration system control 2 0 0 500TOF-ch 1000 1500 – Final calibration for BepiColombo high-energy ion sensor – A few eV – a few tens of keV ion beam line • Design of suprathermal ion energy/mass spectrometers for future terrestrial/planetary explorations EU-Japan Joint Mercury Exploration Mission – Polar-ionosphere and Geospace explorations – Martian upper atmosphere and ionosphere exploration • Data display/analysis system for auroral images and plasma particle data – Auroral imaging camera data from Reimei and ALIS – Google Earth or other visualization platform Auroral emission and particle observations by Reimei Introduction of Reimei Emission-particle simultaneous measurements with high time/spatial resolutions Launch August 23 in 2005 as piggy-back by a rocket from the in Kazakhstan Orbit Sun-synchronous Inclination: 98.6 deg. Meridian: 12:50 - 0:50 LT Altitude: 610-670 km : 98.8 min. Attitude Three-axis stabilized, sun-oriented (basically) Telemetry S-band for up- and down-link from 1 to 133 kbps Size/Weight 724×626×609 mm3 / 71.623 kg Operation Extended to 2010 or later

Multi-Spectral Auroral Electron/Ion Energy Spectrum Calibration of ESA/ISA Imaging Camera (MAC) Analyzer (ESA/ISA)

Development of MAC Movie of Aurora Images Appearance of Reimei December 26, 2005

Electron Spectrum Analyzer Ion Spectrum Analyzer Exposure time: 60 msec. （ESA） （ISA） Exposure cycle: 120 msec. Footprint of S/C mapped onto 110-km altitude Multi-spectral Auroral Camera 70 km (64 bins) Northward (Poleward) along field line (MAC) at 110-km altitude 70 km (64 bins)

Plasma Current Monitor Ch.1 (427.8 nm) Ch.2 (557.7 nm) Ch.3 (670.0 nm) (CRM)

Electron Energy-TimeElectron Energy-Time Spectrograms Spectrograms and Aurora Images DecemberDecember 26, 28,2005 2005 10 1

0.1 Electron (0 – 60 deg.) Energy (keV) 0.01 UT(09:MM:SS) 1010:40 10:45 10:50 10:55 11:00 11:05 ILAT 74.2 73.9 73.7 73.4 73.1 72.8 MLT 10.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.1 Electron Energy (keV) (60 – deg.) 120 0.01 10 1 0.1 Electron Energy (keV)

(120 - 180 deg.) 0.01 UT(09:MM:SS) 10:40 10:45 10:50 10:55 11:00 11:05 ILAT 74.2 73.9 73.7 73.4 73.1 72.8 MLT 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 ALIS (Auroral Large Imaging System) Detector units • Spectroscopic imaging system • CCD detectors: • Absolute 1024x1024 pixels measurements • FOV: 60 or 90 degrees • Maximum resolution: • 6 imager units 100 m at 100 km • 6+4 fixed stations • Typical exposure time: 1-2 s • 1 mobile station (bus) • Typical temporal • Remote control resolution: 5 s • High sensitivity, • Campaigns manages few Rayleigh • Free data on Internet

Shops and cafeterias in Hongo campus Near Hongo Campus of Univ. Tokyo LIFE @ KOMABA Before move in LODGE by Ting Bathroom

Desk & Kitchenette Bookshelf

Bed wardrobe

Balcony Rent around 100 euro!!!!

After … Cafeteria @ Komaba Campus Transportatio Central business district n Fashion forefront of •10mins Japan • Walking from Hongo Komaba Lodge 20 mins walk Campus of Univ. of Tokyo to Nezu Station

•25mins • Subway from Nezu Station to Yoyogi- Uehara Station without Line Change

•15mins • Walk from Yoyogi- Uehara Station to Komaba Lodge

Sakura in April cheerful cherry blossom season And …..?

Shinjuku? Akihabara? Ginza?

Check out by yourselves!

Let me know if you have any questions [email protected]

All photos taken by Ting Planetary Research (Astrobiology Laboratory) Locations of in Kashiwa Campus of Univ. Tokyo Kashiwa Campus Hongo Campus Univ. Tokyo and Kashiwa Campus of Univ. Tokyo

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We do laboratory experiments. Hongo Campus Prof. Seiji Sugita Univ. Tokyo E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://www.astrobio.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ Not much in English info yet…

Kashiwa Campus Kashiwa Campus Our building s pu m Ca a iw sh Ka

Mon-Fri, 11:00-20:00 Cafeteria 1 hop d s 00 oo 0-21: F 11:0 ry 2 0 -Fri, ra :0 Mon ib a 0 L -2 ri 0 e :0 ly t 1 n e 1 o f : h Train station a ri c -F n C n u o L M t: a • Kashiwa Campus is north east of Tokyo. Let me honest with you. It’s in the middle S of nowhere; not so close to nearest train station… c lini • But we have great research facility, an international lodge, and less air pollution. C • It’s also cheap to live around here as well. Research Interests Potential Research Topics

• We study the early Comparative Planetology Titan evolution of planets and •Impact Research satellites, and the origin of Comets their atmospheres. –Giant meteo impact causing Cretaceous-Tertiary • We compare our Earth and dinosaur extinction other planets in order to Mars understand why our Earth Venus –The origin of life, particularly supply of organics to could harbor life. pre-biotic Earth Asteroids

Earth •Comparative Planetology –The origin of the Titan atmosphere ◆High-speed impact processes ◆Instrumental development Experimental facilities to study planetary evolution Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) –The subsurface structure of comet 9P/Tempel 1 Facilities to conduct high-speed impact experiments Nd:YAG laser Spectrometer using data

Vacuum Chamber Emission spectrum •Instrumental Development –Elemental analysis instrument (LIBS)

Laser gun Light-gas gun BBM LIBS system

Potential Research Topics Research Approaches Titan atmosphere Polycarbonate impacting Cu at 6km/s

tile jec •Hypervelocity Impact experiments Pro –Degassing experiments and chemical analysis –High-speed spectroscopy •Instrument development –LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) –TOF MS (Time-of-flight mass spectrometer) •Data analysis –Development of spectral data analysis algorithms. –Image and spectral analysis of mid-IR data from satellite and the Subaru telescope. Ejecta from Deep Impact Research Themes 2-stage light gas gun@ISAS Laser gun@ Univ. LIBS system@Kashiwa for SpaceMaster Program Research in Sagamihara of ISAS/JAXA

Approaches Hirobumi Saito Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) (koubun@isas..jp)

AKARI Satellite Subaru telescope

Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

Hongo Campus Univ. Tokyo Main Island of Japan

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ISAS/JAXA ISAS/JAXA

ISAS/JAXA

Sagamihara ISAS/JAXA Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/index.shtml) National Space Institutes in the world • US: NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) • EU: ESA () • Japan: JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) • Russia: RFSA (Russian Feredal Space Agency) / Roskosmos • China: CNSA (China National Space Administration) • Korea: KARI (Korean Aerospace Research Institute) • Taiwan: NSPO (National Space Organization) • India: ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) • Canada: CSA () • Sweden: SNSB (Swedish National Space Board) • UK: BNSC, France: CNES, Germany: DLR, Italy: ASI Brazil: INPE

１．Automated Ground Operation Research Themes for SpaceMaster Program Hirobumi Saito Lab. at ISAS/JAXA System for Micro Satellite REIMEI

1. Automated Ground Operation System - We have operated micro satellite REIMEI for Micro Satellite REIMEI from small tracking station at our laboratory. 2. Compensation Method of Satellite Fiber - Scientists at remote area send their Optical Gyroscope with “Shupe” Effect observation plans. 3. GPS Receiver for Spinning Rocket - At tracking station, plans are integrated 4. High Speed Data Communications for and verified nearly automatically. Small Satellite - At present we are constructing automated system for satellite tracking. Outline of INDEX (REIMEI) Contd. Outline of INDEX (REIMEI) Attitude Control - Three-Axis Controlled w/ Bias-Momentum - Magnetic Control Size 72 x 62 x 62cm3 - Accuracy : 0.05deg Mass 72 kg Launch Vehicle Dnepr Rocket Power 160W (MAX) Launch Date 24/8/2005, from Baikonur Technology Mission Validation Orbit Near Sun Synchronous (608 x 655 km) Science Aurora Observation Mission Mission Life One Year Passed Cost $ ４ million + our salary

Operation / Ground Station ISAS/JAXA Sagamihara Campus Station Photos during the REIMEI operation

• The station has an antenna of 3 meter in diameter on the roof of the main building. • Downlink: 131kbps* / Uplink: 1kbps • Orbit determination is based on: – one-way doppler – TLE information – onboard GPS receiver (mission) • The REIMEI operation team consists of young researchers, engineers, and students. Most operation software and tools are developed by themselves and a venture software house. >> Flexible operation!!!

*The onboard S-band transmitter (STX) is in the high-power mode. The mode is limitedly used when the satellite faces a critical situation. The REIMEI project has received a 2. Compensation Method of Satellite Fiber technical award from the Japan Optical Gyroscope with Shupe Effect society for aeronautical and space - Fiber optical gyroscopes (FOG) are suitable sciences in Jan., 2010. for small satellite attitude control sensors. - Bias angular rate of FOG due to temperature variation (“Shupe” effect) degrades FOG performances. - We study on the compensation method of FOG “Shupe” effect by means of temporal measurement of temeperature.

Measurement System of FOG FIBER OPTICAL GYRO with Bias Rate due to “Shupe” Effects TEMPERATURE CONTROL

Commercial FOG (JAE JG-34) Mass 1axis 140g Radiation 15 krad Vibration 20Grms Shock 50G, 11ms Bias Stability is Critical 0.1[deg/h] with temp. cntl. Background 3. GPS Receiver for Spinning Rocket • Cost effective GPS receivers for the - GPS receivers for spinning rocket are next-generation solid motor launchers and sounding rockets of ISAS/JAXA developed with antenna diversity techniques. – Precise payload insertion - Software receiver algorithm is proposed and – Redundant flight safety investigated by means of simulations. - The algorithm will be implemented in the GPS hardware. ©JAXA

Open Source GPS Receiver High-Dynamic Flights • Originally designed by Clifford Kelly and • Frequency lock loop (FLL) provides released under GNU Public License robust signal tracking (GPL) • Successful flights on several high power • Ported to ARM7-based GPS baseband model rocket missions processor （Zarlink GP4020） and running on NovAtel SuperStar II

Total Price <$200 Dual Antenna Software- Multi-Antenna Receiver Development Defined GPS Receiver Namuru II L1/L2C receiver with reconfigurable FPGA core

©SpaceLink Quad-antenna receiver using GP4020-compatible Digitized GPS signal data will be transferred to GPS correlator chipsets the host PC via USB 2.0 and post-processed by a software-defined GPS receiver ©General Dynamics

4. High Speed Data Communications High Speed Data Communications for for Micro Satellite Small Satellite Satellite has to transmit - The graduate school of technology in the University clear waves receivable at Conventional System for Large Satellite any ground stations. of Tokyo plans to develop micro satellite with 50kg Mechanical Control for earth image monitoring. - Besides imaging sensors, high data transmissions of Antenna Direction are a key technology.

- We plan to develop high data transmission Advanced System for Small Satellite Satellite can transmit somewhat warped/peculiar waves because Electrical Control ground station can correct them. technology. 低電力高速

- On-board instruments should be compact and low- of Beam Direction power consuming for matching micro satellite. by Phased Array System - Ground demodulation should be sophisticated, using error correcting code and equalization techniques. RF Measurement Instruments for Software Simulation System for RF Space Communications Communications

Accommodation at ISAS/JAXA Interview through skype or TV conference system using internet Before mutual decision/agreement to study together in Japan for master thesis subject, a remote interview between SpaceMaster students and Japanese groups is preferable. • Common kitchen, Please contact to Masa Hirahara and the professor by whom clothes mashers/ you wish to be supervised via email. driers available anytime • Cafeteria open for 1. Masa Hirahara (Space Physics in Hongo of Univ. Tokyo) lunch at weekday email: [email protected] • Shop open for 9:30- 16:30 at weekday skype: masa.hirahara Air conditioner, TV, small refrigerator, desk/chair, bed with linens, 2. Seiji Sugita (Planetary Research in Kashiwa of Univ. Tokyo) toilet and shower with small bathtub in 15 m2 email: [email protected] • http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/index.shtml 3. Hirobumi Saito (Satellite Subsystem in Sagamihara of ISAS/JAXA) • http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/researchers/accommodation/index.shtml email: [email protected]