DOCSLIB.ORG

Are We Ready for Covid – 19 Vaccines? – a General Side Effects Overview

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Are We Ready for Covid – 19 Vaccines? – a General Side Effects Overview Journal of Current Medical Research and Opinion Received 25-01-2020 | Accepted 14-02-2021 | Published Online 16-02-2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15520/jcmro.v4i02.398 ISSN (O) 2589-8779 | (P) 2589-8760 CMRO 04 (02), 830−841 (2021) REVIEW PAPER Are We Ready For Covid – 19 Vaccines? – A General Side Effects Overview Dr. Lipika Das1*, Dr. Meghana A2, Dr. Prolay Paul3, Dr. Sayantan Ghosh4 1Pharm D Intern Dept. of Abstract: Pharmacy Practice Sri Adichunchanagiri College of A vaccine is considered to be one of the best options in public health Pharmacy B.G. Nagara, 571448 safety, specifically when there is no effective vaccine available against Orcid id: 0000-0003-1120-2989 that infectious disease.6 Classic vaccine development often takes years, but developing a vaccine for the prevention of Covid- 19 has turned 2Pharm D Intern Dept. of out to be a race between viruses and humans, and along with the Pharmacy Practice Sri identification of other similar strains has made it more difficult. Adichunchanagiri College of COVID- 19 has serious and life-threatening complications and no one Pharmacy B.G. Nagara, 571448 knows how COVID- 19 is affecting.13 Firstly vaccines are given to Orcid id: 0000-0002-6467-4878 health care workers in public and private. The vaccine is first given to one crore healthcare workers around India working in both government 3Pharm D Intern Dept. of and private hospitals according to the recommendation by NEGVAC. Pharmacy Practice Sri It is mandatory to monitor the patient for the next 15 minutes after Adichunchanagiri College of taking the Covid 19 Vaccine shot. Most of the side effects occur within Pharmacy B.G. Nagara, 571448 the next 3 days after vaccination. If someone has a history of allergic Orcid id: 0000-0001-7042-3314 reactions which is not related to vaccines or injectable medications, they can still take Covid 19 Vaccine. If someone getting an immediate 4 Pharm D Intern Dept. of allergic reaction after getting the first dose of Covid 19 Vaccine, then Pharmacy Practice Sri he/she should not take the second dose of the vaccine. Even though the Adichunchanagiri College of vaccination strategy throughout the globe is in peak, the people are Pharmacy B.G. Nagara, 571448 Orcid id: 0000-0003-3729-4834 asked to follow the similar guidelines to prevent the transmission of corona virus. Therefore throughout the world, several ministries of health and family welfare have asked people to maintain social distancing, wearing facemasks in public, using hand sanitizers, washing hands, avoid crowded places and maintain personal hygiene. Keywords: Vaccines, Covid 19, Side Effect, Clinical Trials, Covaxin, Covishield Introduction: human to the human transmission after over A novel beta- coronavirus is presumed to have passing the species barriers. The beta- coronavirus emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, by has caused several zoonotic outbreaks like SARS CoV from 2002-2003, MERS- CoV in 2012, and the World Health Organization. The virus speedily 2 feasted globally within 3 months and as of March SARS- CoV- 2 since 2019. On November 3, 2020, 11, 2020, was considered a pandemic by the World more than 46 million confirmed cases have been Health Organization.1The infection spread through reported along with more than 1 million died globally. The infected patients experience a broad CMRO 04 (02), 830−841 CURRENT MEDICAL RESEARCH AND OPINION 830 Are We Ready For Covid – 19 Vaccines? – A General Side Effects Overview range of symptoms like cough, fatigue, fever, and The prioritization mainly depends on the shortness of breath.3,4 Patients with severe features and characteristics of the vaccine, pneumonia have other complications like changes particularly its effectiveness against in the heart and liver function, acute respiratory infection and further ahead transmission. distress syndrome, or other consequences of the If the vaccination dose does not protect disease, which could further cause multiple organ against the transmission, the most efficient failures and finally death.5 Vaccines are responsible and effective method is to hierarchize the for saving millions of patients every year. The vaccination of the groups which are at the body’s defenses (the immune system) are prepared highest risk of severe disease and death. and trained by the vaccines. These natural defenses Substantially reducing the mortality and identify and fight off the viruses and other germs pressure on the healthcare system might be they target. The body will instantly destroy them as achieved by direct protection of groups that soon as it gets exposed to the disease-causing are at high risk, even if the transmission of 6 viruses and bacteria, thus preventing illness. the virus is going on within the population. A vaccine is considered to be one of the best Vaccination to the health workers is very options in public health safety, specifically when much beneficial as it improves the there is no effective vaccine available against that healthcare system's resilience. The infectious disease.6 Classic vaccine development advantage would be more if a vaccine was often takes years, but developing a vaccine for the more effective against infection and thus prevention of Covid- 19 has turned out to be a race transmission, indirect protection to patients between viruses and humans, and along with the and other high-risk individuals. identification of other similar strains has made it Though vaccinating adults with the age more difficult. Numerous platforms are trying their group of 18- 59 years is not the most hands in development, among which the DNA and efficient or effective strategy when the RNA based platforms are at greatest potential, supply of vaccine is limited, specific groups followed by recombinant-subunit vaccines.7 must be considered or the groups which are Several countries have joined this battle of vaccine at the high risk of exposure. development and have speed up the process of Regarding the COVID- 19 vaccine clinical trials and is trying to develop an effective development of the characteristics uptake and harmless vaccine against Covid- 19.8 The and supply, to escape variants from the various approaches for the development of vaccine future appearance, interventions of non- includes both next-generation techniques and pharmaceuticals which should be applied traditional methods. In the early days, usually and continued, as it is recommended by the vaccines consist of less virulent (but still public health authorities in the initial immunogenic), inactive whole virus, or subunits of months of following the introduction of the viruses. Live vaccines are not included in the COVID- 19 vaccination. prevention of Covid- 19 for safety purposes, Vaccination ideas or strategies should be whereas inactive whole virus vaccines have been adapted over time to unfold events that are taken into account.9 taken into the account in emerging evidence.10 Methodology: This review has analyzed the data collected from various articles, guidelines, healthcare sector organization’s strategies to promote and improve the pre and post vaccination strategies and to improve the healthcare system overall. Corresponding Author: Vaccination Strategies in Different Countries: Dr. Lipika Das Pharm D Intern Dept. of Pharmacy Practice Sri Europe Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy B.G. Nagara, 571448 Orcid id: 0000-0003-1120-2989 The main objective of vaccination strategy Email: [email protected] depends on saving the life, reducing mortality, and reducing pressure on the healthcare system. CMRO 04 (02), 830−841 CURRENT MEDICAL RESEARCH AND OPINION 831 Are We Ready For Covid – 19 Vaccines? – A General Side Effects Overview The Government is negotiating strongly to Actions are taken at the Country level build a portfolio that is diversified to vaccines Development of Training Communication for European citizens at fair and less prices. Package for IEC officers on planning, Agreements have been with Sanofi- GSK with communicating, and implementing on 300 million doses, Johson and johnson with COVID- 19 vaccine. 400 million doses, BioNTech-Pfizer with 600 Improving the building capacity module on million doses, Astrazeneca with 400 million the social mobilization and inner personal doses, Moderna with 160 million doses, and communication for ANMs, ASHAs, and CureVac with 405 million doses. The AWW and social mobilizers like SHGs, commission has been concluded with MAS, PRIs, NSS, NYKS, CSO, religious exploratory talks with a pharmaceutical leaders, and CBOs, etc. which can be company like Novavax with the view by adapted at state levels. purchasing up to 200 million doses and Valneva with a purchase of up to 60 million Conducting National Training for Trainers doses. The candidate who took vaccines turned (ToT) on this pandemic of COVID- 19 out to be safe and effective. Member states can vaccination process which includes social donate the part of their doses to middle- and mobilization, communication, and lower-income countries. By March 2021, 80% implementation and planning for IEC of the health and social care professionals and officers. 80% of people over the age of 80 in every Conducting the capacity building of member state should be vaccinated. national helpline number at 1075 and state helpline at 104 with the call center staff. By March 2021, 70% of the entire adult Conducting the conference in social media population in member states should have to be for social media managers like vaccinated. The member states, commission representatives of IEC Bureau, state and EMA will assess and work with the information Bureau, etc. companies to use the EU's potential for Training the trainers who are masters to increasing the vaccine manufacturing capacity 11 conduct state and district level sessions for to its fullest. training the FLWs and other India communication. The main objectives of the COVID- 19 vaccine Identify the national-level partners, strategy in India is Interfaith Humanitarian Alliance, including SBCC Alliance, Red Cross to adapt the To make sure that all the eligible groups package to reach the networks.12 receive the vaccine with self-confidence.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • What Do We Know About India's Covaxin Vaccine?
    FEATURE Tamil Nadu, India COVID-19 VACCINES [email protected] BMJ: first published as 10.1136/bmj.n997 on 20 April 2021. Downloaded from Cite this as: BMJ 2021;373:n997 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n997 What do we know about India’s Covaxin vaccine? Published: 20 April 2021 India has rapidly approved and rolled out Covaxin, its own covid-19 vaccine. Kamala Thiagarajan examines what we know so far. Kamala Thiagarajan freelance journalist Who developed Covaxin? cheapest purchased by any country in the world at 206 rupees per shot for the 5.5 million doses the Covaxin was developed by Indian pharmaceutical government currently has on order. The government company Bharat Biotech in collaboration with the has capped the price of the vaccine sold in the private Indian Council of Medical Research, a government market, with private hospitals able to charge up to funded biomedical research institute, and its 250 rupees.13 subsidiary the National Institute of Virology. Covaxin does not require storage at sub-zero Bharat Biotech has brought to market 16 original temperatures, which would be hard to maintain in vaccines, including for rotavirus, hepatitis B, Zika India’s climate and with the frequent power cuts in virus, and chikungunya.1 The company reportedly rural areas. Covaxin is available in multi-dose vials spent $60-$70m (£43-£50m; €50-€58m) developing and is stable at the 2-8°C that ordinary refrigeration Covaxin.2 can achieve. How does Covaxin work? Bharat Biotech says it has a stockpile of 20 million The vaccine is similar to CoronaVac (the Chinese doses of Covaxin for India and is in the process of vaccine developed by Sinovac)3 in that it uses a manufacturing 700 million doses at its four facilities complete infective SARS-CoV-2 viral particle in two cities by the end of the year.
    [Show full text]
  • 0 January to July 2021
    0 www.journalsofindia.com January to July 2021 SCIENCE & TECH ............................................................................................................................................................... 6 1. REUSABLE LAUNCH VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMME(RLV-TD) ................................................. 6 2. GAGANYAAN MISSION ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 3. MARS ORBITER MISSION (MOM) ..................................................................................................................................... 6 4. CHANDRAYAAN MISSION................................................................................................................................................. 7 5. SOLAR MISSION ............................................................................................................................................................... 8 6. ARTEMIS ACCORD ............................................................................................................................................................ 9 7. NATIONAL MISSION ON INTERDISCIPLINARY CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEM (NMICPS) ....................................................... 10 8. SMART ANTI-AIRFIELD WEAPON (SAAW) ...................................................................................................................... 10 9. AQUAPONICS ................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Bcpct]Ttsbc^Prc U^A Dq[XRV^^S
    6 < %()(=#%% 53%7==,>3='$()6(=#%% (#-'>3='$()6(=#%% $'()"*$+&,- %( !"# $$%& 2(*3-% (566)(37)% 3 0 4 $5 3 $1 2 0 .8 9 8 ++0 0 .:; . !" . / 01 $ %'( $) '# *' it for the last eight to nine notable achievements to its months, “where is the UN in name in the 75 years of its aking a strong case for a this joint fight. Where is the experience, including the pre- Msignificant role for India effective response.” vention of a third world war, in the United Nations, Prime Focussing on a more “we can’t deny terrorist attacks 0 Minister Narendra Modi on prominent role for India in the shook the world”. Saturday stressed the need for UN and fight against corona, “We have successfully ne of the oldest partners changes in the international the Prime Minister avoided avoided a third world war but Oof the BJP — the body and questioned its posi- making any reference to ongo- we cannot deny many wars Shiromani Akali Dal — which tion in fighting the coron- ing tension at the Line of happened, many civil wars has been with it through thick avirus pandemic. Actual Control (LAC) and happened. Terrorist attack and thin for decades, finally He also assured the global frosty ties with Pakistan in his shook the world. Blood was quit the National Democratic Q community that India will pro- 20-minute speech. He also did spilled. Those were killed were Alliance (NDA) on Saturday, vide corona vaccine to the not respond to Pakistan Prime like you and me. Children left signaling a complete political world as it is the world’s biggest Minister Imran Khan’s remarks the world prematurely,” he said.
    [Show full text]
  • A Step Towards Revising the Model for Vaccine Tuberculosis Immunity
    COMMENTARY CONTEST Revising the model for vaccine development: a step towards tuberculosis immunity Amy Dagenais1 1University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Date Published: August 26, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18192/UOJM.V11iS1.5929 Keywords: Tuberculosis, COVID-19, vaccines hanks to accelerated vaccine development, the first with the largest infectious disease burden in the world, COVID-19 vaccine was approved for use by Health tolling 10 million new infections and 1.2 million deaths Canada only nine months after the disease was in 2019 alone.² Indeed, tuberculosis is one of the top 10 Tdeclared a pandemic by the World Health Organization.¹ causes of death worldwide—but the situation remains This unprecedented feat was made possible by three underdiscussed as most cases are recorded in developing critical factors: a stressed sense of urgency, substantial areas, such as South-East Asia (44%) and Africa (25%), or funding, and parallel pre-clinical and clinical trials. Such in underserved populations such as the Inuit in Canada.2,3 a concerted effort not only led to the development of Approximately one-quarter of the world population is multiple effective vaccines, but also bred innovation as infected by the etiological agent of tuberculosis: the mRNA technology bloomed despite its limited use in the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), known as past. This success story paves the way for the accelerated the most successful human pathogen.² development of vaccines for other diseases, such as tuberculosis—the deadliest infectious disease of modern The intracellular pathogen has co-evolved with humans times before COVID-19 emerged. to evade host immune defenses, rendering TB treatment particularly difficult.
    [Show full text]
  • COVID-19 Vaccines Update Supplement Week Of: 5Th April, 2021
    CARPHA UPDATE FOR Incident Manager / SITUATION REPORT COVID-19 Vaccines Update Supplement Week of: 5th April, 2021 I. Overview of Development and Regulatory Approvals: • 85 candidate vaccines are in clinical development: 16 in Phase 3 trials, and 4 in Phase 4 trials – see Figure in CARPHA COVID-19 Vaccine Regulatory Tracker (Phases tab). • 13 vaccines have received regulatory approvals in various countries, and 16 vaccines are at various stages of engagement with WHO for emergency use listing (EUL). • 4 vaccines have been approved by WHO for Emergency Use Listing: Pfizer-BioNTech’s vaccine: COMIRNATY®, AstraZeneca-SK Bio, AstraZeneca-SII (Covishield), and Janssen-Cilag. • 4 additional vaccines are expected to be approved by WHO in April – Tables 1 and 3. • There are 3 additional vaccines being considered by WHO but these are at the stage of submitting expressions of interest: Bharat Biotech, Clover Biopharmaceuticals-GSK + Dynavax, and BioCubaFarma (Cuba). • The WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) interim recommendations and background documents are available for vaccines by: Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech, AstraZeneca-Oxford and Janssen-Cilag at SAGE Interim Guidance. The recommendations provide guidance on the use the vaccines, including use in various groups. • Reports of rare clotting events among vaccinees continue to be assessed by various regulators. The EU's European Medicines Agency (EMA) has stated that there was no evidence to support decisions by regulators to restrict the use of Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines in some age groups. The WHO maintains that the benefit-risk balance of the vaccine remains favorable. • CARPHA has shared its COVID-19 vaccine regulatory tracker with Member States for viewing as updates are made.
    [Show full text]
  • V.3 1/25/2021 COVID-19 Vaccine FAQ Sheet
    COVID-19 Vaccine FAQ Sheet (updated 1/25/2021) The AST has received queries from transplant professionals and the community regarding the COVID-19 vaccine. The following FAQ was developed to relay information on the current state of knowledge. This document is subject to change and will be updated frequently as new information or data becomes available. What kinds of vaccines are available or under development to prevent COVID-19? There are currently several vaccine candidates in use or under development. In the United States, the Government is supporting six separate vaccine candidates. Several other vaccines are also undergoing development outside of the United States government sponsorship and further information can be found here: • NYTimes Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-vaccine- tracker.html • Washington Post Vaccine Tracker: https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/health/covid-vaccine-update- coronavirus/ The types of vaccines are as follows (January 25, 2021) 1: Table 1: Vaccines Under Development Vaccine Type Compound Name Clinical Trial Notes [Sponsor] Phase mRNA mRNA-1273 Phase 3 Emergency use in [Moderna] U.S., E.U., other countries Approved in Canada BNT162b2 [Pfizer] Phase 2/3 Emergency use in U.S., E.U., other countries Also approved in Canada and other countries Replication- AZD1222 Phase 2/3 Emergency use in defective [AstraZeneca] Britain, India, other adenoviral vector countries (not U.S.) Ad26.COV2.S Phase 3 [Janssen] v.3 1/25/2021 Recombinant- NVX-CoV2373 Phase 3 subunit-adjuvanted [Novavax] protein Recombinant SARS- Phase 1/2 CoV-2 Protein Antigen + AS03 Adjuvant [Sanofi Pasteur/GSK] Inactivated CoVaxin [Bharat Phase 3 Emergency Use in coronavirus Biotech] India BBIBP-CorV Phase 3 Approved China, [Sinopharm] Bahrain, UAE; Emergency use elsewhere (not U.S.) Both of the mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (Moderna, Pfizer) have been approved by Emergency Use Authorization by the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Immunogenic Potential of DNA Vaccine Candidate, Zycov-D Against SARS-Cov-2 in Animal Models
    Vaccine 39 (2021) 4108–4116 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Vaccine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/vaccine Immunogenic potential of DNA vaccine candidate, ZyCoV-D against SARS-CoV-2 in animal models Ayan Dey a, T.M. Chozhavel Rajanathan a, Harish Chandra a, Hari P.R. Pericherla a, Sanjeev Kumar b, Huzaifa S. Choonia a, Mayank Bajpai a, Arun K. Singh b, Anuradha Sinha a, Gurwinder Saini a, Parth Dalal a, Sarosh Vandriwala a, Mohammed A. Raheem a, Rupesh D. Divate a, Neelam L. Navlani a, Vibhuti Sharma b, ⇑ Aashini Parikh b, Siva Prasath a, M. Sankar Rao a, Kapil Maithal a, a Vaccine Technology Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd, Ahmedabad, India b Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd, Ahmedabad, India article info abstract Article history: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), initially originated in China in year Received 15 February 2021 2019 and spread rapidly across the globe within 5 months, causing over 96 million cases of infection Received in revised form 21 May 2021 and over 2 million deaths. Huge efforts were undertaken to bring the COVID-19 vaccines in clinical devel- Accepted 28 May 2021 opment, so that it can be made available at the earliest, if found to be efficacious in the trials. We devel- Available online 1 June 2021 oped a candidate vaccine ZyCoV-D comprising of a DNA plasmid vector carrying the gene encoding the spike protein (S) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The S protein of the virus includes the receptor binding domain Keywords: (RBD), responsible for binding to the human angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE-2) receptor.
    [Show full text]
  • Bharat Biotech Inks Licensing Deal with Washington University School of Medicine in St
    Bharat Biotech Inks Licensing Deal with Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis to advance COVID-19 Intranasal Vaccine Technology Hyderabad, India, 23 September 2020: Vaccine Innovator, Bharat Biotech announces today, a licensing agreement with Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis for a novel chimp- adenovirus, single dose intranasal vaccine for COVID-19. Bharat Biotech owns the rights to distribute the vaccine in all markets except USA, Japan and Europe. While the Phase I trials will take place in Saint Louis University’s Vaccine & Treatment Evaluation Unit, Bharat Biotech, upon obtaining the required regulatory approval, will pursue further stages of clinical trials in India and undertake large scale manufacture of the vaccine at its GMP facility located in Genome Valley, Hyderabad. We are proud to collaborate on this innovative vaccine. We envision that we will scale this vaccine to 1 billion doses, translating to 1 billion individuals vaccinated receiving a single-dose regimen. An intranasal vaccine will not only be simple to administer but reduce the use of medical consumables such as needles, syringes, etc., significantly impacting the overall cost of a vaccination drive. Our experience in viral vaccines, manufacturing capabilities, and distribution continue to be our strong suit in ensuring safe, efficacious, and affordable vaccines. It is prudent for Bharat to be involved in diverse but tenable projects to provide a much-needed vaccine against COVID-19 reaches all citizens of the world.” Dr. Krishna Ella, Chairman and Managing Director of Bharat Biotech, stated. This intranasal vaccine candidate has shown unprecedented levels of protection in mice studies; the technology and data having been recently published in the prestigious scientific journal Cell and in an editorial in Nature.
    [Show full text]
  • National Emergency Management Organisation (Nemo) Ministry of National Security St
    NATIONAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ORGANISATION (NEMO) MINISTRY OF NATIONAL SECURITY ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES WEST INDIES Tel: 784-456-2975, Fax: 784-457-1691, Email: [email protected] or [email protected] ______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ HEALTH SERVICES SUBCOMMITTEE PROTOCOL FOR THE ENTRY OF FULLY VACCINATED TRAVELLERS TO ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES – revised 10/08/2021 AIM: The safe entry of travellers to St. Vincent and the Grenadines in a manner that reduces the risk of the importation and subsequent transmission of COVID-19 in St. Vincent and the Grenadines. OBJECTIVES: 1. To establish the risk of the arriving traveller introducing new COVID-19 cases to SVG; 2. To minimize exposure of residents of SVG to new COVID-19 cases; 3. Early identification of potential exposure to COVID-19 and 4. Early containment of new COVID-19 cases. ESTABLISH RISK OF ARRIVING TRAVELLER: The arriving traveller will: 1. Complete the Pre-Arrival Form available at health.gov.vc And the Port Health Officer will: 1. Review Port Health form for each arriving passenger. 1 PHASED PROCESS OF ENTRY OF FULLY VACCINATED TRAVELERS TO ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES: TESTING & QUARANTINE: PHASE #16 - Commencing Wednesday, August 11, 2021: 1. Where ‘Fully Vaccinated Travelers’ are those persons who: a. Have completed a vaccination regimen with one of the following COVID-19 vaccines recognized by the Ministry of Health, Wellness and the Environment of St Vincent and the Grenadines: i. AstraZeneca – Oxford AstraZeneca (Vaxzevria), COVISHIELD, AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine by SK Bioscience; ii. Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine; iii. Moderna COVID-19 vaccine; iv.
    [Show full text]
  • Vaccine Matri: a New Way of Diplomacy
    AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF ROLE OF INDIA IN VACCINE DIPLOMACY FOR COVID-19 PANDEMIC ERA Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry (TOJQI) Volume 12, Issue 3, June 2021:652- 665 Research Article An Exploratory Study Of Role Of India In Vaccine Diplomacy For Covid-19 Pandemic Era Dr. Saroj Choudhary1, Dr Sanjiv Singh Bhadauria2, Mr Abhinav Upadhyay3, Dr Sandeep Kulshrestha4 Abstract Coronavirus is spread in end of December, 2019 in Wuhan and in March, 2020 World Health Organization declared it as a pandemic. Coronavirus affect world in many ways like socially, economically and in many other. In early January, 2021 India make their vaccine and not only vaccinated their own people but also help other countries and provide vaccine to their neighbouring countries on grant and commercial basis and this will help India to make their reputation in world platform. In this paper, Vaccine Maîtri an initiative by India to provide vaccine to their neighbouring countries and also other needy countries and how this will enhance the image of India in world stage. Keywords: Coronavirus; COVID-19; vaccine maîtri; vaccine; India;government; WHO. VACCINE MATRI: A NEW WAY OF DIPLOMACY COVID-19 is a major global public health challenge, and in many countries it has created a serious social, economic, and political crisis. The numbers involved are staggering, whether they refer to infection and death, the rate of public health measures such as travel restrictions, or the economic consequences of unemployment and public sector spending. All economies are placed in drug-induced comas, the complex public health systems have become increasingly prevalent in levels of public adherence or surprising disobedience, and health care systems and provinces are being tested by many who have never seen it.
    [Show full text]
  • Update 50 (15Th of December 2020)
    Update 50 (15th of December 2020) Information about Infection disease COVID-19 (novel coronavirus) Force Health Protection Branch FHPB (former DHSC) NATO MILMED COE in Munich 15th of December 2020 email: [email protected] In December 2019, a novel coronavirus emerged in Wuhan City, China. Since then the virus spread to 65 countries including Europe and America. Since then the virus showed evidence for human-to-human transmission as well as evidence of asymptomatic transmission. At 30th January 2020 WHO declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The disease was formally named COVID-19 on 11th of February. The virus itself has been named SARS-CoV-2. On 11th of March 2020 WHO characterized the disease as a pandemic. HIGHLIGHTS/NEWS GLOBALLY ↗ • GBR/WHO: A new variant of the virus could be responsible for the renewed high number of cases in the UK, among other things, which 72 879 777 confirmed cases could be "in connection with the faster spread in the south of England". 47 710 950 recovered So far, 1000 cases have been identified. 1 622 200 deaths The WHO emphasized that the new variant would now be examined. EU/EEA and the UK ↘ However, there is no evidence that the strain behaves differently than 21 936 276 existing virus types. "We saw many variants, this virus evolves and confirmed cases changes over time." 10 689 950 recovered • Sputnik V: The developers of the Russian coronavirus vaccine Sputnik 479 566 deaths V explain that it creates 91.4 percent protection against the lung disease USA ↗ Covid-19.
    [Show full text]
  • Announcement on Procurement Process
    Announcement on Procurement Process During the past few weeks, there have been reports in the media at large misrepresenting the procurement process of COVAXIN®, in Brazil and other countries. We wish to provide the following clarification - ∙ The procurement process for COVID-19 vaccines and several vaccines for routine immunization follow a common process which is widely accepted, and established in Industry ∙ Based on a country’s requirement, the company receives a letter of intent (or MOU) for procurement ∙ The company then proceeds to apply for emergency use authorization (EUA) in the respective country ∙ Once EUA is received, the Ministry of Health (MOH) would proceed to place a firm order by releasing a purchase order, with the required initial quantities. In several countries, MOHs have placed orders for procurement prior to the approval of vaccines such as USA, EU, India, etc. However, procurement happens only post EUA. ● In order to secure a firm Purchase Order from the country, the company proceeds to raise a Pro Forma Invoice to the MOH, towards the supply of vaccine ● Based on the invoice, the MOH pays the amount in advance ● Once the payment is received, the company proceeds to supply the agreed quantities and within the agreed timelines ● In the specific case of procurement of COVAXIN® by MOH Brazil, since the first meetings with MOH Brazil during Nov 2020, until 29th of June 2021, a step-by-step approach has been followed towards contracts, and regulatory approvals, during this ~ 8 long month-long process. On 4th June 2021, ANVISA authorized the exceptional import of the Covaxin vaccine by the Ministry of Health for distribution and Use Under Controlled Conditions”.
    [Show full text]