J. Crop Prot. 2018, 7 (1): 121-124______

Short Paper The first report on feeding of hyalinipennis and Aphis fabae on dodder Cuscuta campestris in Iran

Zabihollah Azami-Sardooei1, Saeideh Shahreyarinejad2*, Mohammad Rouzkhosh1 and Farnaz Fekrat1

1. Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran. 2. Ph. D. Student of Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

Abstract: Some experiments with the aim to identify feeding on the dodder Cuscuta campestris Yuncke as an important parasitic flowering plant, resulted in the discovery of two new potential biological control agents namely Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa, 1843) (: ) and Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1763 (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Oxycarenus hyalinipennis was observed feeding extensively on dodder seed capsules that were parasitizing Christ's thorn Jujube tree Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Wild. Also aphid feeding caused severe damage to the dodder vine wraps on native hopbush Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. This is the first report of O. hyalinipennis and A. fabae feeding on C. campestris highlighting their potential as a biological control agent in Iran.

Keyword: Aphis fabae, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis, Dodder, Biological control agent

Introduction12 1997). Cuscuta campestris is distributed in north, northwest, west, center as well as northeast Parasitic plants such as dodder or Cuscuta spp. (Jafari et al., 2016) and southeast (unpublished (Convolvulaceae) are known in many parts of data) regions of Iran. Dodder is an annual the world. All species and varieties of dodder are parasitic plant that reproduces by seed and has Downloaded from jcp.modares.ac.ir at 19:00 IRST on Tuesday September 28th 2021 parasites of plants. They are of intrinsic botanical no leaves or chlorophyll for carbohydrate interest and are also significant weeds in synthesis therefore all of its growth requirements agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Through an (water, minerals and carbohydrates) must be met intimate attachment to their host crop, parasitic by attachment to another living green host plant. weeds profoundly alter the physiology of the Host plants include those grown for agricultural host plant and can cause severe loss of crop purposes, ornamental plants and a whole range (Parker and Riches 1993). Cuscuta campestris of other plants and weeds (Ashigh and Marquez, was introduced from North America to in 2010). The damage caused by dodder to its host 1883 (Toth et al., 2005). Members of The genus plant varies from moderate to severe, depending Cuscuta (known as dodder) are obligate parasitic on growth cause damage of the host plant and on plants with approximately 170 described species the number of haustoria attachments. Although a distributed throughout the world (Holm et al., relatively large number of species has been recorded from the Cuscutaceae, only a Handling Editor: Ali Asghar Talebi small number of these seem to have potential as ______* a biological control agent (Tothet al, 2005). The Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] potential of using insects and pathogens for Received: 23 September 2017, Accepted: 16 December 2017 Published online: 09 January 2018 dodder control has been reviewed (Parker,

121 The first report of feeding pests on C. campestris______J. Crop Prot.

1991). However, extensive study is needed control agents of C. campestris including, O. before commercial application of any biological hyalinipennis (Costa, 1843) (Hemiptera: control agent (Bewicket al., 1987). Cuscuta Lygaeidae) on Z. spina-christi L. Extensive grow from seeds and pieces of their filaments. feeding of O. hyalinipennis was observed on Therefore, use of organisms that feed on the dodder seed capsules parasitizing Christ's Thorn seeds of parasitic plants and damage them Jujube. Adult and nymph insects feed heavily presents a strategy for complete control of on the seed capsules that are then destroyed parasitic plants. Thus preventing seed production completely. This is the first report in the world in these plants is more important than damage to of O. hyalinipennis feeding on dodder parasitic an individual plant. Research is needed to plants. identify seed-eating that impart Aphis fabae was active on plant species of D. maximum stress on parasitic plants. Oxycarenus viscosa in the study region. It was observed hyalinipennis is a polyphagous insect, and is that adult and nymph A. fabae fed on the vine known as a dominant pest on the family wraps of C. campestris that had parasitized . Oxycarenus hyalinipennis primarily potato plants Solanum tuberosum L. and native feeds on plant seeds of the Malvaceae family, hop bushes (D. viscosa). Aphid feeding clearly especially spp. cotton (USDA, 2009). caused serious damage to the dodder vine In addition to cotton, this pest has also been wraps. This is the first record of C. campestris reported on some fruit and vegetables such as as a host of A. fabae in Iran. apple, avocado, corn, date, fig, grape, peach, But the use of insects as a biocontrol agent , pineapple and pomegranate, as well as for C. campestris requires further study. (USDA, 2009). Black bean aphid is one Because these insects are primarily plant pests of the most polyphagous aphid species, and their use in biological control needs more exploiting more than 200 leguminous plants and extensive study. infesting all plant parts (Sabahi et al., 2010). Discussion Materials and Methods This is the first report of O. hyalinipennis and A. During 2014, dodder plants, C. campestris, fabae feeding on C. campestris and their .parasitizing Z. spina-christi L. and D. viscosa potential as biological control agents in Iran. were examined for presence of insects in field Shimi et al. (1995) reported twenty-three species

Downloaded from jcp.modares.ac.ir at 19:00 IRST on Tuesday September 28th 2021 investigations in Kerman (Jiroft) (Southern Iran). of Cuscuta gall weevils (Smicronyx spp.) that Insect colonies were found on C. campestris specifically infected various species of dodder. collected and brought in laboratory and preserved According to a study (Toth et al., 2008), species in 70% Ethylalcohol for identification. from three orders were regularly found feeding Preliminary identification of insects was on dodder plants; aphids and bugs (Hemiptera), performed using valid identification keys weevils (Coleoptera) and flies (Diptera). They (Johnson and Borror, 2005). Samples were consisted of A. fabae, Lygus rugulipennis confirmed by Dr. Berend Aukema, Naturalis Poppius (Hemiptera: Miridae), Melanagromyza Biodiversity Centre, The Netherlands. cuscutae Hering (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and weevil from the genus Smicronyx (Coleoptera: Results Curculionidae). Cuscuta weeds only propagate by seed; the best method of biological control is Cuscuta campestris was active on two plant use of organisms that damage their seeds. The species of Z. spina-christi and D. viscosa in the cotton seed bug, O. hyalinipennis feeds heavily study region. Field investigations in Kerman on C. campestris seeds. However, O. (Jiroft) (Southeastern Iran) resulted in the hyalinipennis is a polyphagous insect, thus its discovery of two new potential biological role as a biological agent requires further study.

122 Azami-Sardooei et al.______J. Crop Prot. (2018) Vol. 7 (1)

Acknowledgements Johnson, N. F. and Borror, D. J. 2005. Borror and DeLong's Introduction to the Study of Insects. The authors wish to thank Dr. Berend Aukema 7th Edn., Thomson, Brooks/Cole, USA. from the Netherlands for his help in identify Parker, C. 1991. Protection of crops against insect species studied. parasitic weeds. Crop Protection, 10: 6-22. Parker, C. and Riches, CR. 1993. Parasitic References Weeds of the World: Biology and Control. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 332 pp. Ashigh, J. and Marquez, E. 2010. Dodder Sabahi, Q., Rasekh, A. and Michaud, J. P. (Cuscuta spp.) Biology and Management. 2010. Toxicity of three insecticides to College of Agricultural, Consumer and Lysiphlebus fabarum a parasitoid of the Environmental Sciences, 1-3. black bean aphid, Aphis fabae. Journal of Bewick, T. A., Binning, L. K., Stevenson, W. R. Insect Science, 4: 1-8. and Stewart, J. 1987. A mycoherbicide for Shimi, P., BayatAsadi, H., Rezapanah, M. R. control of swamp dodder (Cuscuta gronovii and Koliaii, R. 1995. A study of Willd) Cuscutaceae. 4th International Smicronyxrobustus Faust (Curculionidae) as Symposium. Parasitic Flowering Plants, a biological control agent of eastern dodder Marburg, Germany, p. 93-104. (Cuscuta monogyna Vahl.) in Iran. Journal Heie, O. E. 1995. The Aphidoidea (Hemiptera) of Agricultural Sciences Islamic Azad of fennoscandia and Denmark, VI. Family University, 1: 43-51. Aphididae: part 3 of tribe macrosiphini of Toth, P., Tothova, M. and Cagan, L. 2008. Subfamily Aphidinae, and family Lachnidae. Potential biological control agents of field Fauna Entomologica Sceinavica, 31: 222 p. bindweed, common teasel and field dodder Holm, L., Doll, J., Holm, E., Panch, J. and from Slovakia. XII International Herberger, J. 1997. World Weeds: Natural Symposium on Biological Control of Histories and Distribution. John Wiley and Weeds. , p 768. Sons, New York, 1129 pp. USDA. 2009. Significant Pest Bulletin Jafari, E., Assadi, M. and Ghanbarian, G. A. Cottonseed Bug. United States, Department 2016. A revision of Cuscutaceae family in of Agriculture, and Plant Health Iran. Iran Journal Botany, 22: 23-29. Inspection Service, p 1. Downloaded from jcp.modares.ac.ir at 19:00 IRST on Tuesday September 28th 2021

123 The first report of feeding pests on C. campestris______J. Crop Prot.

اوﻟﯿﻦ ﮔﺰارش از ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ Oxycarenus hyalinipennis و Aphis fabae روي ﺳﺲ Cuscuta campestris دراﯾﺮان

ذﺑﯿﺢاﷲ اﻋﻈﻤﯽ ﺳﺎردوﯾﯽ1، ﺳﻌﯿﺪه ﺷﻬﺮﯾﺎريﻧﮋاد2*، ﻣﺤﻤﺪ روزﺧﻮش1 و ﻓﺮﻧﺎز ﻓﮑﺮت1

1- ﮔﺮوه ﮔﯿﺎهﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺟﯿﺮﻓﺖ، ﺟﯿﺮﻓﺖ، اﯾﺮان. 2- ﮔﺮوه ﮔﯿﺎهﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﭼﻤﺮان، اﻫﻮاز، اﯾﺮان. * ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﻣﮑﺎﺗﺒﻪ: [email protected] درﯾﺎﻓﺖ: 1 ﻣﻬﺮ 1396؛ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش: 25 آذر 1396

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه: آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﺎﺗﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺣـﺸﺮات ﺗﻐﺬﯾـﻪ ﮐﻨﻨـﺪه روي ﺳـﺲ Cuscuta campestris Yuncke ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﮔﯿﺎه اﻧﮕﻠﯽ ﮔﻞ دار ﻣﻬﻢ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ، دو ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾـﮏ ﺑـ ﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﺟﺪﯾـﺪ روي ﺳﺲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻦ ﺑﺬرﺧﻮار (Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa, 1843) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae و ﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﯿﺎه ﺑﺎﻗﻼ (Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1763 (Hemiptera: Aphididae ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺳﻦ O. hyalipennis ﺑﻪﺷﺪت از ﮐﭙﺴﻮل ﺑﺬر ﺳﺲﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ اﻧﮕﻞ درﺧﺖ ﮐﻨﺎر Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Wild ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﺮد. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﯿﺎه ﺑﺎﻗﻼ از ﺳﺲﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮔﯿـﺎه ﻧـﺎﺗﺮك Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq را آﻟـﻮده ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ، ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺣـﺸﺮات O. hyalinipennis و A. fabae ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان اوﻟـﯿﻦ ﮔـﺰارش از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه روي ﺳﺲ در اﯾﺮان ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ.

واژﮔﺎن ﮐﻠﯿﺪي: Oxycarenus hyalinipennis ،Aphis fabae، ﺳﺲ، ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ Downloaded from jcp.modares.ac.ir at 19:00 IRST on Tuesday September 28th 2021

124