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Source Inputs at Assateague Island

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Source Inputs at Assateague Island National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network Assessment of Contaminant Threats Assateague Island National Seashore Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCBN/NRTR—2010/348 ON THE COVER Oblique aerial view looking northwest to the southeast over the central portion of Assateague Island. Photographed by: Jane Thomas Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network Assessment of Contaminant Threats Assateague Island National Seashore Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCBN/NRTR—2010/348 Keith R. Cooper Rutgers University Cook - Biochemistry & Microbiology 76 Lipman Drive New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 Marija Borjan Rutgers University Cook - Entomology 93 Lipman Drive New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 June 2010 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Technical Report Series is used to disseminate results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series provides contributors with a forum for displaying comprehensive data that are often deleted from journals because of page limitations. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received informal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data. Data in this report were collected and analyzed using methods based on established, peer-reviewed protocols and were analyzed and interpreted within the guidelines of the protocols. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the National Park Service. This report is available from (http://www.nps.gov/nero/science/) and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/NRPM). Please cite this publication as: Cooper, K. R., M. Borjan. 2010. Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network assessment of contaminant threats: Assateague Island National Seashore. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCBN/NRTR—2010/348. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 622/104288, June 2010 ii Contents Page Figures............................................................................................................................................. v Tables ............................................................................................................................................ vii List of Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... ix Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 General Physical Characteristics ............................................................................................. 1 Habitats and Wildlife ............................................................................................................... 4 Source Inputs at Assateague Island................................................................................................. 7 On-Site Inputs .......................................................................................................................... 7 Surface Water...................................................................................................................... 7 Terrestrial Source ............................................................................................................... 8 Off-site Inputs .......................................................................................................................... 8 Surface Water...................................................................................................................... 8 Ground Water ................................................................................................................... 18 Atmospheric ...................................................................................................................... 19 Chemicals of Concern Different Matrixes .................................................................................... 21 NPS Sediment Inventory 1996 .............................................................................................. 27 NOAA Status and Trends ...................................................................................................... 27 Sediment Data (NS&T) ..................................................................................................... 27 Tissue Data (NS&T) .......................................................................................................... 32 Monitoring Recommendations Based on Risk Evaluation ........................................................... 39 Management Recommendations ............................................................................................ 44 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................... 45 Literature Cited ............................................................................................................................. 47 iii Appendix 1: Hazard Quotient Approaches and Sampling Protocols for Screening Level Evaluations for Chemicals of Concern at National Parks ............................................................. 57 Appendix 2: Hazard Quotient Approaches and Sampling Protocols (continued) ....................... 91 Appendix 3: NOAA Status and Trends ...................................................................................... 189 iv Figures Page Figure 1. a) Map of ASIS and Coastal Bay Watersheds (Zimmerman 1996) and b) Map of Assateague State Park and National Seashore. ............................................................................... 2 Figure 2. Map of ASIS and Coastal Bay Watersheds. .................................................................. 9 Figure 3. ASIS Discharges, Drinking Water Intakes, Water Gages and Water Impoundments............................................................................................................................... 12 Figure 4. Power Plant Locations in and Around Maryland. ........................................................ 19 Figure 5. EMAP Sampling Stations and Sampling Years for ASIS. ........................................... 23 Figure 6. NOAA National Status and Trends Program Sites - Maryland and Virginia. .............. 31 Figure 7. NS&T Sampling Sites CBCI for Crassostrea virginica to Evaluate Contaminant Concentrations in Sediment and Tissue. ....................................................................................... 31 Figure 8. Total PCB (1988 - Present) Concentration (ng/g dry weight) in Tissues. .................... 33 Figure 9. Total Chlordanes (1986 – Present) Concentration (ng/g dry weight) in Tissues. ........ 33 Figure 10. Total PAH (lmw) [2-3 Rings] Concentration (ng/dry g)] in Tissue (NOAA 2006). .. 34 Figure 11. Total PAH (hmw) (4 or More Rings) Concentration (ng/dry g) in Tissue (NOAA 2006). ............................................................................................................................................ 34 Figure 12. Total Butyltins Concentration (ng/dry g) in Tissue (NOAA 2006). ........................... 35 Figure 13. Total DDT Concentration (ng/dry g) in Tissue (NOAA 2006). ................................. 35 Figure 14. Chromium Concentration (ug/g Dry Weight) in Tissue (NOAA 2006). .................... 36 Figure 15. Silver Concentration (ug/g Dry Weight) in Tissue (NOAA 2006). ........................... 36 Figure 16. Mercury Concentration (ug/g Dry Weight) in Tissue (NOAA 2006). ....................... 37 Figure 17. Cadmium Concentration (ug/g Dry Weight) in Tissue (NOAA 2006). ..................... 37 v Tables Page Table 1. Pollution Inputs into Chincoteague, Sinepuxent, and Newport Bays. ........................... 10 Table 2. NPDES Permitted Sewage Discharges. ......................................................................... 14 Table 3. Antibiotics used in Poultry Feed. ................................................................................... 16 Table 4. EPA Listed Toxic Releases into Watershed................................................................... 17 Table 5. Nutrient Related Permitted Discharges into the Assateaque Bay System ..................... 18 Table 6. NOAA Guideline Values for Contaminants of Concern in Both Surface Water and Sediment (ppb, dry wt.). ..............................................................................................................
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