DOCSLIB.ORG

Strategies and Tactics to Combat Segregation of Roma Children in Schools

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Strategies and Tactics to Combat Segregation of Roma Children in Schools Strategies and Tactics to Combat Segregation of Roma Children in Schools Case studies from Romania, Croatia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Bulgaria, and Greece FXB Center for Health and Human Rights Harvard University 2015 About the FXB Center for Health and Human Rights at Harvard University The FXB Center for Health and Human Rights at Harvard University (Harvard FXB) is an interdisciplinary center that works to protect and promote the rights and wellbeing of children, adolescents, youth and their families trapped in extreme circumstances throughout the world. Harvard FXB pursues this goal by conducting and supporting research, advocacy, and targeted action. About the report Harvard FXB was commissioned by the Roma Center for Social Intervention and Studies (Romani CRISS) to conduct research and report on Strategies and Tactics to Combat Segregation of Roma Children in Schools as part of the DARE-Net project (Desegregation and Action for Roma in Education Network). This report was funded with support from the Lifelong Learning Programme of the European Commission. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors, and do not necessarily reflect the policies or views of the European Commission. Report contributors Harvard FXB: Arlan Fuller, Executive Director; Margareta Matache, Instructor; Sarah Dougherty, former Research Associate; Krista Oehlke, Research Assistant University of Thessaloniki: Vasileia Digidiki, PhD © 2015 FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard University Photos courtesy of Romani CRISS; Robert Vaszi, Roma activist; and DARE-Net. Glossary/Abbreviations NERC National Expert CEE Central and Eastern and Rehabilitation Europe Committee, Hungary CFCF Chance for Children NGO Non-governmental Foundation organization CHC Croatian Helsinki NPR National Program for Committee for Human the Roma Rights OEDC Organization DARE-Net Desegregation and for Economic Education Network Development and EC European Commission Cooperation EU European Union OSCE Organization ECHR European Convention for Security and on Human Rights Cooperation in Europe ECtHR European Court of ODIHR Office for Democratic Human Rights Institution and Human Rights ERRC European Roma Rights Centre PEA Hungarian Public Education Act ETA The Hungarian Act on Equal Treatment and RED Racial Equality the Promotion of Equal Directive Opportunities REF Roman Education EUMAP European Union Fund Monitoring and Romani Roma Center for Social Advocacy Program CRISS Interventions and of the Open Society Studies` Institute UNDP United Nations FRA Fundamental Rights Development Agency Programme GHM Greek Helsinki Monitor IDEKE Institute of Adult Continuing Education, Greece MEP Member of the European Parliament MSES Ministry of Science, Education and Sports, Croatia NCCD National Council for Combating Discrimination, Romania Acknowledgements Strategies and Tactics to Combat Segregation of Roma Children in Schools was commissioned to the FXB Center for Health and Human Rights (FXB Center) by Romani CRISS and the DARE-Net (Desegregation and Action for Roma in Education Network). The report was authored by Arlan Fuller, Margareta Matache, Sarah Dougherty, Krista Oehlke, and Vasileia Digidiki.1 Krista Oehlke, Neil Mehrotra, Angela Murray, and Ashley Collins undertook edit and revision responsibilities. Margareta Matache was the lead researcher for this study, and Arlan Fuller coordinated the overall implementation of the project. The report was produced under the guidance and oversight of Professor Jacqueline Bhabha, Director of Research, Harvard FXB. Finally, the document benefited from the peer reviews of Jacqueline Bhabha and Marius Taba. The authorship of the chapters is as follows: Preface and methodology Margareta Matache and Arlan Fuller Romania case study Margareta Matache Croatia case study Margareta Matache and Sarah Dougherty Hungary case study Margareta Matache and Sarah Dougherty Czech Republic case study Arlan Fuller Bulgaria case study Krista Oehlke and Sarah Dougherty Greece case study Vasileia Digidiki Conclusion Margareta Matache and Arlan Fuller The report was developed based on interviews conducted in Europe with members of Roma communities, civil society, and institutions.2 We are deeply grateful to them for sharing with us their experiences, insights, and expertise. This report would not have been possible without their contributions. Our colleagues from Antigone, Chance for Children Foundation, European Roma Rights Centre, Integro, Life Together Association, Roma Education Fund, and Romani CRISS facilitated our interviews. Biserka Tomljenović (independent expert) as well as European Roma Rights Centre, Integro, Life Together Association, and Romani CRISS provided us with substantial feedback for the country case studies. We would like to extend our thanks to the following individuals for their assistance and support during field visits: Dzavit Berisha, Eva Carrow, Irina Croitoru, Judit Geller, Kadrin Hasanov, Vergil Ibryam, Simona Jiraskova, Kyriaki Karadiamanti, Bagryan Maksimov, Elisa Nardelli, and Biserka Tomljenović. We are also grateful for the support of the Harvard FXB staff, as well as researchers and consultants from the Harvard community, including Carrie Bronsther, Katalin Dobias, and Jelena Ivanis. Tizzy Tulloch, Communications Manager, did the design and layout of the report. 1 Vasileia Digidiki is a visiting researcher at Harvard FXB. Her fellowship has been co-financed through the action “State Scholarships Foundations-IKY” and supported by the operational program “Education and Lifelong Learning” of the European Social Fund and the National Strategic Reference Framework 2007-2013. 2 Details about the interviewees are available in the methodology section. Contents I. Preface 6 II. Methodology 9 III. Case Study: Advocacy for Desegregation Policies and Measures 11 III.1. Combating Segregation in Romania 12 IV. Case Studies: Strategic Litigation 34 IV.1. Combating Segregation in Croatia 35 IV.2. Combating Segregation in Hungary 54 V. Case Studies: Community Development 73 V.1. Combating Segregation in Czech Republic 74 V.2. Combating Segregation in Bulgaria 91 VI. Case Study: Intercultural Learning 105 VI. 1. Combating Segregation in Greece 106 VII. Reflections 116 VIII. Recommendations 120 Preface Roma children enter the world with the heavy baggage of intergenerational inequality, born into societies where discrimination and social-economic struggles are part of daily life. Researchers and policymakers agree that, across Europe, Roma children experience widespread, systematic exclusion from education, leading to significant gaps in participation and achievement. School segregation appears to be a major contributing factor to these gaping discrepancies in education. This report aims to review and synthetize the desegregation strategies and tactics of six non- governmental organizations (NGOs) in Central, Eastern, and Southern European countries. The report captures evidence-based data on the negative outcomes of segregation of Roma children in schools and highlights effective initiatives employed by the European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC) in Croatia and Hungary, Romani CRISS in Romania, Life Together in Czech Republic, Integro in Bulgaria, and Antigone in Greece. These organizations comprise DARE-Net, a 2012 initiative led by Romani CRISS. During the project’s implementation, the Chance for Children Foundation (CFCF) joined the network and focused primarily on activities implemented in Hungary. The initiatives described in this report are presented as six case studies. Each case study summarizes findings based on an in-depth literature review and semi-structured interviews with communities, experts, and stakeholders. The case studies describe the work that has been done to advocate for changes in policy, legislation, curricula, and/or practice in political and societal environments that have been resistant to change. The Report Digest is available at http://fxb.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/ sites/5/2015/02/Romani-Segregation-2015-brief-version-final.pdf Despite the fact that the vast majority of Roma children enroll in school, only half complete primary education. Moreover, most do not even reach the level of secondary education,3 and less than one percent participate in tertiary education in some Central, Eastern, and Southern European countries.4 A broad range of factors determines these gaps, and in this report, we focus primarily on school segregation. Roma children continue to be placed in separate classes based solely on their skin color, ethnicity, and socio- economic situation; often they are placed into separate buildings, separate schools and classes, including special schools. As a result, Roma receive inferior education and endure discriminatory treatment from teachers and school administrators. Even when not physically separated, Roma children are routinely placed in the back of the class, receive less attention from their teachers, and endure bullying and stigma. Discriminatory treatment is often compounded by national education systems that lack the capacity to address the needs of socially and ethnically disadvantaged students and provide intercultural and inclusive environments. School segregation is now prohibited by European Union’s Race Equality Directive (RED), and domestic laws of each country for which we developed a case study; however, the practice persists and has been widely documented by civil society organizations and scholars. Segregation keeps Roma children away from quality
Load more

Recommended publications
  • INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION 5.9 Electronic
    INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION 5.9 Electronic Arbitration ii Dispute Settlement N O T E The Course on Dispute Settlement in International Trade, Investment and Intellectual Property consists of forty modules. This module has been prepared by Mr. O. Cachard at the request of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). The views and opinions expressed in this module are those of the author and not necessarily those of the United Nations, WTO, WIPO, ICSID, UNCITRAL or the Advisory Centre on WTO Law. The designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply an expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or areas or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. In quotations from the official documents and the jurisprudence of international organizations and tribunals countries are designated as reported. The United Nations holds copyright to this document. The course is also available in electronic format on the UNCTAD website (www.unctad.org). Copies may be downloaded free of charge on the understanding that they will be used for teaching or study and not for a commercial purpose. Appropriate acknowledgement of the source is requested. UNCTAD/EDM/Misc.232/Add.20 Copyright © United Nations, 2003 All rights reserved 5.9 Electronic Arbitration iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Note ii What you will learn 1 1. Dispute Resolution Methods in Electronic Commerce 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Advantages of Online Dispute Resolution 6 1.2.1 Cost-effectiveness 6 1.2.2 Effectiveness of Solutions, Recommended or Imposed 7 1.3 Assessing Methods of Online Dispute Resolution 8 1.3.1 Determining Factors 9 1.3.2 Consequences of a Decision 9 1.4 Conclusion…….
    [Show full text]
  • David D. Clark
    Designs for an Internet David D. Clark Dra Version 3.0 of Jan 1, 2017 David D. Clark Designs for an Internet Status is version of the book is a pre-release intended to get feedback and comments from members of the network research community and other interested readers. Readers should assume that the book will receive substantial revision. e chapters on economics, management and meeting the needs of society are preliminary, and comments are particularly solicited on these chapters. Suggestions as to how to improve the descriptions of the various architectures I have discussed are particularly solicited, as are suggestions about additional citations to relevant material. For those with a technical background, note that the appendix contains a further review of relevant architectural work, beyond what is in Chapter 5. I am particularly interesting in learning which parts of the book non-technical readers nd hard to follow. Revision history Version 1.1 rst pre-release May 9 2016. Version 2.0 October 2016. Addition of appendix with further review of related work. Addition of a ”Chapter zero”, which provides an introduction to the Internet for non-technical readers. Substantial revision to several chapters. Version 3.0 Jan 2017 Addition of discussion of Active Nets Still missing–discussion of SDN in management chapter. ii 178 David D. Clark Designs for an Internet A note on the cover e picture I used on the cover is not strictly “architecture”. It is a picture of the Memorial to the Mur- dered Jews of Europe, in Berlin, which I photographed in 2006.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence Concerning the Function of Nocturnal Call Notes of Migratory Birds
    390 Vol. 64 EVIDENCE CONCERNING THE FUNCTION OF NOCTURNAL CALL NOTES OF MIGRATORY BIRDS By WILLIAM J. HAMILTON III Nearly all birds which migrate at night give characteristic flight calls, but only re- cently has any attempt been made to investigate these quantitatively. Ball (1952) and Vleugel (1954, 1960) relied on the unaided ear to register the notes of migrants aloft. Graber and Cochran (1959, 1960) have successfully recorded call notes with a parabola pointed skyward. A tape recorder automatically monitored a 1% minute portion of each lo-minute interval through the night. The data collected in these studies have been used to interpret the volume of migration, its speciescomposition, and the conditions under which it takes place. The function of night calls has not been a major concern of these workers. There has been no lack of speculation concerning the significance of night calls, however. Some suggest that the calls are not adaptive. Ball ( 1952) supposedthat the dawn surge of call notes of thrushes might be inspired by hunger and light from the oncoming dawn. Hudson (1923) postulated that the calls were an expression of fear in the unfamiliar night, an idea shared by a number of others. But it seemsunlikely that a behavior pat- tern which is so frequent and characteristic is functionless. A frequently suggestedfunc- tion of the night calls is that they serve to hold flocks together. A corollary to this is the suggestion that young benefit from the experience of adults by travelling in their company (Brewster, 1886). Another related idea implies that the calls are mutually stimulating, each call urging flight partners onward (Tyler, 1916; others).
    [Show full text]
  • The Re-Incarnation, Adoption and Diffusion of Retro-Technologies
    David Sarponga, Email: [email protected] Shi Dongb, Email: [email protected] Gloria Appiahc,, Email: [email protected] Authors Affiliationab: Bristol Business School University of the West of England Bristol, United Kingdom Authors Affiliationc: Roehampton Business School University of Roehampton London, United Kingdom ‘Vinyl never say die’: The re-incarnation, adoption and diffusion of retro-technologies New technologies continue to shape the way music is produced, distributed and consumed. The new turn to digital streaming services like iTunes, Spotify and Pandora, in particular, means that very recent music format technologies such as cassettes and CD's have almost lost their value. Surprisingly, one 'obsolete' music format technology, Vinyl record, is making a rapid comeback. Vinyl sales around the world, in recent times, have increased year on year, and the number of music enthusiast reaching for these long-playing records (LP's) continue unabated. Drawing on the sociology of translation as an interpretive lens, we examine the momentum behind the revival of vinyl record, as a preferred music format choice for a growing number of music enthusiasts. In doing this we unpack the inarticulate and latent network of relationships between human and non-human actors that constitutively give form to the contemplative knowledge (what has become) of the resurgence of vinyl as a format of choice. We conclude by discussing how insights from the vinyl reincarnation story could help open up new possibilities for rethinking the contextual re-emergence of near-obsolete technologies, the mobilization of different actors to aid their re-diffusion and potential exploitation of value from retro-technologies.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Chevrolet Tahoe / Suburban 1500 Owner's Manual
    21_CHEV_TahoeSuburban_COV_en_US_84266975B_2020AUG24.pdf 1 7/16/2020 11:09:15 AM C M Y CM MY CY CMY K 84266975 B Cadillac Escalade Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico- 13690472) - 2021 - Insert - 5/10/21 Insert to the 2021 Cadillac Escalade, Chevrolet Tahoe/Suburban, GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali, Chevrolet Silverado 1500, and GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 1500 Owner’s Manuals This information replaces the information Auto Stops may not occur and/or Auto under “Stop/Start System” found in the { Warning Starts may occur because: Driving and Operating Section of the owner’s The automatic engine Stop/Start feature . The climate control settings require the manual. causes the engine to shut off while the engine to be running to cool or heat the Some vehicles built on or after 6/7/2021 are vehicle is still on. Do not exit the vehicle vehicle interior. not equipped with the Stop/Start System, before shifting to P (Park). The vehicle . The vehicle battery charge is low. see your dealer for details on a specific may restart and move unexpectedly. The vehicle battery has recently been vehicle. Always shift to P (Park), and then turn disconnected. the ignition off before exiting the vehicle. Stop/Start System . Minimum vehicle speed has not been reached since the last Auto Stop. If equipped, the Stop/Start system will shut Auto Engine Stop/Start . The accelerator pedal is pressed. off the engine to help conserve fuel. It has When the brakes are applied and the vehicle . The engine or transmission is not at the components designed for the increased is at a complete stop, the engine may turn number of starts.
    [Show full text]
  • Best Practice Guide: Inter-Agency Community-Based Complaint Mechanisms Xi
    Best Practice Guide Inter-Agency Community-Based Complaint Mechanisms Protection against Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Inter-Agency IASC Standing Committee IOM OIM The opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Internati onal Organizati on for Migrati on (IOM). The designati ons employed and the presentati on of material throughout the report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authoriti es, or concerning its fronti ers or boundaries. IOM is committ ed to the principle that humane and orderly migrati on benefi ts migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organizati on, IOM acts with its partners in the internati onal community to: assist in meeti ng the operati onal challenges of migrati on; advance understanding of migrati on issues; encourage social and economic development through migrati on; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. The elaborati on of this publicati on was possible thanks to the fi nancial support of the European Commission’s Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protecti on department (ECHO) and the United States Department of State, Bureau of Populati on, Refugees, and Migrati on (PRM). Funded by Funded by the European Union United States Humanitarian Aid Government and Civil Protecti on Publisher: Internati onal Organizati on for Migrati on 17 route des Morillons P.O. Box 17 1211 Geneva 19 Switzerland Tel.: +41.22.717 91 11 Fax: +41.22.798 61 50 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.iom.int Word-Cloud: The front cover of this Best Practi ce Guide features a cloud of words associated with CBCMs.
    [Show full text]
  • Owners Manual
    19_GMC_Acadia_AcadiaDenali_COV_en_US_84139730A_2018APR13.ai 1 4/4/2018 1:02:16 PM 2019 Acadia/Acadia Denali Acadia/Acadia 2019 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner’s Manual gmc.com (U.S.) 84139730 A gmccanada.ca (Canada) GMC Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/ Mexico-12146149) - 2019 - crc - 3/27/18 Contents Introduction . 2 In Brief . 5 Keys, Doors, and Windows . 28 Seats and Restraints . 55 Storage . 111 Instruments and Controls . 118 Lighting . 164 Infotainment System . 173 Climate Controls . 198 Driving and Operating . 205 Vehicle Care . 284 Service and Maintenance . 373 Technical Data . 386 Customer Information . 390 Reporting Safety Defects . 400 OnStar . 404 Connected Services . 412 Index . 416 GMC Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/ Mexico-12146149) - 2019 - crc - 3/27/18 2 Introduction Introduction This manual describes features that Helm, Incorporated may or may not be on the vehicle Attention: Customer Service because of optional equipment that 47911 Halyard Drive was not purchased on the vehicle, Plymouth, MI 48170 model variants, country USA specifications, features/applications that may not be available in your Using this Manual region, or changes subsequent to To quickly locate information about the printing of this owner’s manual. the vehicle, use the Index in the The names, logos, emblems, Refer to the purchase back of the manual. It is an slogans, vehicle model names, and documentation relating to your alphabetical list of what is in the vehicle body designs appearing in specific vehicle to confirm the manual and the page number where this manual including, but not limited features.
    [Show full text]
  • I'm Never Fine
    University of Texas at El Paso ScholarWorks@UTEP Open Access Theses & Dissertations 2019-01-01 I'm Never Fine Joseph S. Lezza University of Texas at El Paso Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd Part of the Creative Writing Commons Recommended Citation Lezza, Joseph S., "I'm Never Fine" (2019). Open Access Theses & Dissertations. 2870. https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd/2870 This is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UTEP. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UTEP. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “I’M NEVER FINE” JOSEPH S. LEZZA Master’s Program in Creative Writing APPROVED: _______________________________________ Nelson Cardenas, Ph. D., Chair _______________________________________ Tim Hernandez, M.F.A _______________________________________ Liz Scheid, M.F.A. _______________________________________ Stephen L. Crites, Jr., Ph.D. Dean of the Graduate School “I’M NEVER FINE” by JOSEPH S. LEZZA, B.A. THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at El Paso in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF FINE ARTS Department of Creative Writing THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO December 2019 Acknowledgments “Death, the Moon & Dry-Rubbed Steak” first appeared in Still: The Journal (Winter 2018). “The Simple Guide to Redefinition in Oslo, Norway” first appeared in Fearsome Critters (Volume 1). “Little Murders” first appeared in Cleaning Up Glitter (Volume 1, Issue 2). “The Space Between the Tenses” will appear in the tenth anniversary issue of Stoneboat Literary Journal (Winter 2020).
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Energy
    Public Disclosure Authorized RENEWABLE ENERGY Evaluation of the World Bank Group’s Support for Electricity Supply from Renewable Energy Resources, 2000–2017 Public Disclosure Authorized Financial, Private Sector, and Public Disclosure Authorized Sustainable Development Department October 15, 2020 Public Disclosure Authorized Table of Contents Management Response.......................................................................................................................................iii Management Action Record.........................................................................................................................xvi Report to the Board from the Committee on Development Effectiveness...............xxi page page page page page 5 9 13 19 26 Summary Context, Scope and RE Scale-Up WBG RE Experience WBG RE Performance Approach page page 42 44 Recommendations Glossary of Key Terms 2| Management Response World Bank Group management welcomes the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) evaluation, Renewable Energy: Evaluation of the World Bank Group’s Support for Electricity Supply from Renewable Energy Resources, 2000–2017. The report assesses the Bank Group’s contribution to helping remove barriers to investing in renewable energy, using its convening capacity to mobilize financing through partnerships, disseminating global knowledge and experiences, engaging with clients, and coordinating both within the Bank Group and with external partners. It provides a thorough review of the Bank Group’s renewable energy portfolio over the 17-year period with helpful insights and relevant recommendations. World Bank Management Comments Management welcomes the three recommendations in the report. IEG’s recommendations indicate the potential to strengthen the Bank Group’s global impact in terms of (i) focus (grid stability); (ii) modalities (long term and integrated); and (iii) staff resources. The evaluative findings of the report identified areas where the Bank Group is already building internal capacity and a solid body of knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • End-To-End Arguments in the Internet: Principles, Practices, and Theory
    End-to-End Arguments in the Internet: Principles, Practices, and Theory vorgelegt von Matthias Bärwolff Von der Fakultät IV Elektrotechnik und Informatik der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften (Dr. Ing.) genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Prof. Dr. Anja Feldmann (Vorsitzende) Prof. Dr. Bernd Lutterbeck (Berichter) Dr. David D. Clark (Berichter) Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 22. Oktober 2010 Berlin 2010 D 83 Dissertation submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Technische Universität Berlin in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Dr. Ing. Advisers: Prof. em. Dr. iur. Bernd Lutterbeck, Technische Universität Berlin Dr. David D. Clark, Massachusetts Institute of Technology I gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the German Academic Exchange Service (Deutscher Akademischer Auslandsdienst, DAAD) who have given me a scholarship for a stay at MIT in early 2009. Diese Doktorarbeit wurde mit finanzieller Unterstützung des Deutschen Akademischen Auslandsdiensts (DAAD) in Form eines dreimonatigen Doktorandenstipendiums im Jahr 2009 angefertigt. © Copyright 2010 by Matthias Bärwolff www.bärwolff.de [email protected] +49 30 20238852 rinciples are often more effective guides for action when they appear as no more than an unreasoned prejudice, Pa general feeling that certain things simply “are not done”; while as soon as they are explicitly stated speculation begins about their correctness and their validity. [ . ] Once the instinctive certainty is lost, perhaps as a result of unsuccessful attempts to put into words principles that had been observed “intuitively”, there is no way of regaining such guidance other than to search for a correct statement of what before was known implicitly.
    [Show full text]
  • Blues, Violence, and the Male Body in the Films of Spike Lee
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2005 Beating Songs: Blues, Violence, and the Male Body in the Films of Spike Lee. Mikal J. Gaines College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Film and Media Studies Commons Recommended Citation Gaines, Mikal J., "Beating Songs: Blues, Violence, and the Male Body in the Films of Spike Lee." (2005). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1593092170. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/m2-xm07-1r65 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BEATING SONGS: BLUES, VIOLENCE, AND THE MALE BODY IN THE FILMS OF SPIKE LEE A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the American Studies Program The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts By Mikal J. Gaines 2005 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Approved/by thejCommittee, June 2005 Arthur Knight, Chair Christy Bums Kimberls> L. Phillips To all my family, friends, and colleagues for their support throughout this process. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements v Abstract vi Introduction 2 Chapter I. An Auteur’s Paradigm for Blues 5 Chapter II. A Song for Richie 10 Chapter III.
    [Show full text]
  • Discourse and the Oppression of Nonhuman Animals: a Critical Realist Account
    Discourse and the oppression of nonhuman animals: a critical realist account. A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of RHODES UNIVERSITY by Leslie Roy Mitchell December 2007 Abstract This work examines the use of nonhuman animals in the farming industry and seeks to understand why this practice takes place and what supports its continuation. The research is approached from a critical realist perspective and after a description of past and current practices in the industry, it uses abduction and retroduction to determine the essential conditions for the continuation of the phenomenon of nonhuman animal farming. One essential condition is found to be the existence of negative discourses relating to nonhuman animals and this aspect is examined in more detail by analyzing a corpus of texts from a farming magazine using Critical Discourse Analysis. Major discourses which were found to be present were those of production, science and slavery which construct the nonhumans respectively as objects of scientific investigation, as production machines and as slaves. A minor discourse of achievement relating to the nonhumans was also present. Further analysis of linguistic features examined the way in which the nonhumans are socially constructed in the discourses. Drawing on work in experimental psychology by Millgram, Zimbardo and Bandura it was found that the effects of these discourses fulfil many of the conditions for bringing about moral disengagement in people thus explaining why billions of people are able to support animal farming in various ways even though what happens in the phenomenon is contrary to their basic ethical and moral beliefs.
    [Show full text]