MARITIME WINTER SCHOOL 2020

REPORT

www.maritimestudyforum.org

Maritime Winter School 2020 Report

Category: Event Report Title: Maritime Winter School 2020: Event Report

Authors: Muneeb Salman Shazia Habib

Reviewed by: Dr. Syed Mohammed Anwer, President MSF Salman Javed, Director Operations MSF

Designed by: Haadia Nasir

Published: February 2020

A publication of Maritime Study Forum – an Islamabad based independent think tank.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher.

MSF envisions itself as a leading platform for stakeholders in generating policy- oriented discourse on national, regional and global maritime affairs domains.

Contact Information: Maritime Study Forum Waqar Plaza, Street 67, F-10/3, Islamabad – Pakistan Telephone: +92 518315615 Email: [email protected] Website: www.maritimestudyforum.org

Lecture 2 – Pakistan Maritime Security - Lessons from China’s Maritime Strategy .. 26 Contents Visit to Goth Haji Alano and Gadani Acknowledgement ...... i Shipbreaking Yard ...... 28 Executive Summary...... i Day 5 Media and Maritime...... 30 Day 1 Understanding Maritime...... i Seminar on Projecting Pakistan’s Maritime Orientation Session ...... 2 Potential through Mainstream & Alternative Media ...... 31 Orientation Briefing: ...... 2 Opening Address...... 33 Opening Remarks: ...... 3 Putting Maritime Domain in the Opening Address: ...... 3 Mainstream Media...... 33 Opening Remarks: ...... 3 Representation of Coastal Communities Conclusion:...... 3 in Media ...... 34 Lecture 1 – Understanding Maritime ...... 4 Digital Marketing and Potential of Coastline Markets ...... 34 Lecture 2 – Understanding Maritime Law and Policy ...... 5 Highlighting the Coastal Areas via Social Simulation Exercise of the Day ...... 7 Media...... 35 Day 2 ...... 9 Keynote Address ...... 35 Closing Remarks...... 36 Maritime Economy & Policy ...... 9 Lecture 1 – Understanding Blue Economy 10 Closing Ceremony ...... 37 Opening of Ceremony ...... 37 Lecture 2 – Policy Analytics and Design ... 12 Visit to Karachi Port Trust ...... 13 Theatrical Play ...... 38 Visit to Pakistan Maritime Security Agency Farewell Remarks ...... 38 ...... 14 Thanking Remarks...... 39 Visit to South Asia Port Terminal ...... 15 Keynote Address ...... 39 Day 3 Marine Resources, Sciences & Distribution of Certificates...... 40 Hydrography ...... 17 Closing Dinner ...... 40 Lecture 1 - Understanding Hydrography and MWS2020 Media Coverage ...... 43 its implications in Maritime sector ...... 18 #MWS2020 – Top National Trend On Visit to National Institute of Oceanography Twitter ...... 46 ...... 20 MWS2020 Alumni ...... 47 Visit to Pakistan National Shipping

Corporation ...... 21 Visit to Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works ...... 22 Day 4 Maritime Security & Diplomacy . 24

Lecture 1 – Pakistan Maritime Security -

Potential and Challenges ...... 25

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Acknowledgement

Alhamdullilah, Maritime Winter School 2020 has been a tremendous success. This milestone by Maritime Study Forum could not have been achieved without the whole hearted dedication and effort of the team. I want to thank all those who made it possible. My special appreciation to Mr. Salman Javed (Member BOD & Director Operations MSF) and his team, which includes Mr. Tahir Afsar, Hafiz Inam, Ayesha Urooj, Muneeb Salman, Shazia Habib, Basit Haseeb, Baber Bhatti, Saleh, Mishaal, Haadia & Bilal. All did a wonderful job. Well done.

I must also thank Dr. Aneel Salman for his laudatory role in the school and its conduct. Mr. Naufil Shahrukh for his valuable input.

Special thanks to Honourable Minister Ms. Wajiha our Summer School alumnus and Ms. Reema another of our alumni and now our new associate as well. They proved to be a valuable addition to our group.

Profound thanks to our collaborative partners National Institute of Maritime Affairs (NIMA) and DG NIMA Vice Admiral (R) Abdul Aleem, DG Bahria University Karachi Campus Rear Admiral Mukhtar Khan Jadoon, Director National Centre for Maritime Policy Research (NCMPR), Karachi, Commodore (R) Ali Abbas, and their team including Commander Sajjad, Commander Akhter and Ms. Naghmana for their hospitality and assistance.

Our panelists, starting from Commodore (R) Syed M. Obaidullah, Brig (R) Dr. Tahir Ul Mulk, Dr. Khurram Iqbal, Commodore Muhammad Khalid, Rear Admiral (R) Pervaiz Asghar, Ms. Nadia Naqi, Mr. Owais Iqbal Baloch, Mr. Daniyal Sheikh, and Mr. Salman Parekh. All were brilliant and we learned a lot from them. Many thanks for sparing time and gracing our occasion with your presence.

Another special mention and thanks to Commodore M. Khalid from Hydrograph Department of Pakistan Navy, DG National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) Dr. Nuzhat Khan, Executive Director Pakistan National Shipping Corporation (PNSC) Mr. Khurram Mirza, DDG Pakistan Maritime Security Agency (PMSA), Rear Admiral Sajid Wazir, GM Engineering Karachi Port Trust (KPT), Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works (KS&EW), Fisheries, Gadani Ship Breaking Association and others who

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MWS2020 Report allowed us to visit their institutions and let us know what great work they are doing in service to this nation.

Also thanks to National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE), Institute of Policy Studies (IPS), Pakistan Institute of Conflict and Security Studies (PICSS), Bahria University (BU) Islamabad, Karachi University (KU), Bahria University (BU) Karachi and NCMPR for nominating their participants to add in growing fraternity of Maritime School.

There is a lot more to come in Maritime Schools in future, InshaAllah. We shall bring Maritime to the frontline agenda and discourse of our nation.

Dr. Syed Mohammed Anwer

President Maritime Study Forum

Waqar Plaza, Street 67, F-10/3, Islamabad

Dated: January 2020

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Executive Summary

Maritime Winter School 2020 is the third in series of bi-annual Maritime Schools that are held by Maritime Study Forum to highlight the potential and challenges in maritime sector for practitioners, academics and students in the field. Maritime Winter School 2020 was held in collaboration with National Institute of Maritime Affairs (NIMA) and National Centre for Maritime Policy Research (NCMPR) at Bahria University Karachi Campus. Maritime Winter School 2020 featured themes on Understanding Maritime, Maritime Economy and Policy, Marine Resources, Sciences and Hydrography, Maritime Security and Diplomacy, and Media and Maritime. It also included field visits to Karachi Port Trust, Pakistan Maritime Security Agency, South Asia Port Terminal, Pakistan National Shipping Corporation, Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works, Goth Haji Alano, Hub, and Gadani Ship Breaking Yard. The Maritime Winter School 2020 featured speakers and experts from across Pakistan, as well as participants from various fields including law, public policy, international relations and marine sciences.

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Day 1 Understanding Maritime

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Orientation Session Maritime Study Forum (MSF) held a 5-day Maritime Winter School 2020 at NCMPR, Bahria University Karachi Campus, in collaboration with NIMA (National Institute of Maritime Affairs) and NCMPR (National Centre for Maritime Policy Research). Maritime Schools are a permanent feature of Maritime Study Forum. They are held twice a year, as Maritime Summer School and Maritime Winter School.

Orientation Briefing: Maritime Winter School 2020 formally started with recitation of Holy Quran by Hafiz Muhammad Inam, Research Coordinator MSF. Afterwards, Director MSF Mr. Salman Javed gave a brief presentation introducing Maritime Study Forum, its purpose and work to the participants. He also outlined organizational structure of MSF and described the accomplishments of Maritime Study Forum that have been achieved so far. He informed the participants about MSF’s publications including case studies, Monitor and Newsletter, which are a regular feature at MSF.

Mr. Salman Javed briefing the participants on Orientation Session

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Opening Remarks: Director Maritime Schools, Dr. Aneel Salman gave an introduction and opening remarks to the participants for Maritime Winter School. He told the participants that MSF takes pride in being the youngest organization working on maritime affairs in Pakistan. He described Blue Economy and its importance in ensuring sustainable development and growth in maritime sector around the globe. He emphasized the participants to carry out research on maritime sector in order to achieve development and sustainability for Pakistan.

Opening Address: Rear Admiral Mukhtar Khan Jadoon, Director General Bahria University, gave the opening address at Maritime Winter School 2020. He welcomed the guests and participants to Bahria University and Maritime Winter School. He told that there are not many organizations and forums that are working to raise awareness regarding maritime affairs and addressing the issue of sea blindness. He appreciated work done by MSF on the topic. He also outlined work done by Bahria University and NCMPR on maritime sector in Pakistan. He ended with an emphasis to explore new avenues in various sectors of maritime in Pakistan.

Opening Remarks: Commodore (R) Ali Abbas, Director NCMPR, also provided his opening remarks on Maritime Winter School 2020. He appreciated the work done by MSF since its inception in maritime sector of Pakistan. He said that Pakistan is still a nation that sees itself with a land-oriented mindset. He also emphasized on efforts like Maritime Winter School which provide a learning platform to interested students and researchers.

Conclusion: President MSF, Dr. Syed Mohammed Anwer concluded the orientation session of Maritime Winter School 2020 with his remarks. He thanked the guests and participants and went on to describe the importance of maritime affairs and told that it is not a single sector but rather a collection of various important sectors like maritime economy, maritime environment, maritime security, maritime law, coastal communities and so on.

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Respected guests and participants at Orientation Session of MWS2020

Lecture 1 – Understanding Maritime After the orientation session, Commodore (R) Syed M. Obaidullah started the first lecture of Maritime Winter School 2020 themed on “Understanding Maritime”. Cdre (R) Obaidullah started his lecture by commending the efforts of Maritime Study Forum, having a good stature in maritime studies. He emphasized the importance of sea and maritime resources for sustenance and development of humans.

He started his presentation with description of contemporary maritime scenario around the globe. He then also outlined the facts and statistics regarding the standing of Pakistan in maritime sector. He told that Pakistan has all the ingredients to make Pakistan a major maritime power. However, lack of strategic vision with regards to maritime has led to downfall in Pakistan’s maritime output. He also said that a continental mindset had led to lack of maritime insight in Pakistan. Not a single political party has prioritized maritime in its manifesto. There is also lack of data and legal expertise on maritime affairs. He also provided sector wise analysis of Pakistan’s maritime affairs and highlighted the potential in each sector.

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He concluded on recommendation to emphasize on approving Maritime Policy and Maritime Strategy by the government. He also recommended 5-year Maritime Action Plan to setting targets and working on maritime affairs. After the presentation, a question-answer session started during which participants interacted with Commodore (R) Obaidullah and inquired about the lacks and issues in Pakistan’s maritime sector.

Speaker Commodore (R) Syed M. Obaidullah lecturing on "Understanding Maritime"

Lecture 2 – Understanding Maritime Law and Policy Dr. Syed Mohammed Anwer started the second lecture with description of basic understanding of Law and Maritime. He briefed about the scope and vastness of maritime sector. The term maritime is a diverse term covering massive other sections like shipping, commerce, trade, fishing, oil and gas, tourism and coastal development. Now all these sections and maritime affairs are dealt, governed and regulated by law that runs the whole maritime sector smoothly.

He simultaneously discussed the evolution of maritime and law side by side. He described the major developments in maritime, where the International Maritime Organization (IMO) was initiated and United Nations Conventions on the Law of Sea (UNCLOS) started working in consequent years. He told that there are more than 70

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MWS2020 Report seas around the globe. While every sea is involved in some sort of conflict despite international conventions due to the volatile nature of seas.

Speaker Dr. Syed Mohammed Anwer lecturing on Maritime Law and Policy

After the lecture, an interactive Q/A session started during which participants discussed legal issues in maritime sector including issues pertaining to boundaries and cyber security in maritime affairs. Answering one of questions he told that fishermen cross the Indo-Pak maritime borders and are arrested regularly because of lack of facilities and GPS system on fishing vessels. In order to address this issue the governments on both sides need to reach on mutual agreements and Pakistan also need to get mapping systems integrated on fishing vessels so that they do not cross into Indian waters unknowingly.

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Simulation Exercise of the Day After the lectures, first Simulation Exercise of Maritime Winter School 2020 was conducted by Dr. Aneel Salman. He started the exercise of the day by dividing the participants in groups of six members each and assigned a task to Dr. Aneel Salman conducing Simulation Exercise them.

A case pertaining to work at a department related to maritime was presented to all groups and time was given to the groups to deliberate upon the case. Afterwards, Dr. Aneel Salman had an interactive session with the participants in which he asked questions regarding the study of case and problem-solving of the issue at hand. The exercise was completed by Dr. Aneel Salman after receiving input from all participants and providing concluding remarks.

Group photo of the day after lectures

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Highlights of the Day

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Day 2

Maritime Economy & Policy

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Second day of Maritime Winter School 2020 was themed on “Maritime Economy and Policy”. The sessions included lectures on Blue Economy and Public Policy, and field visits to Karachi Port Trust, Pakistan Maritime Security Agency and South Asia Port Terminal.

Group photo of Day 2 at MWS2020

Lecture 1 – Understanding Blue Economy First lecture of the day commenced with Dr. Aneel Salman’s anecdote regarding the blue economy. He started by intelligently explaining blue economy to the audience. He described Blue growth as an alternative development paradigm that moves from scarcity to abundance. It is a sustainable solution for economic development. Blue growth is the capacity, and if we cross the limit of its capacity, then we face environmental haphazard and sustainability issues.

But how do we manage Blue Growth sustainably so we can develop economies as well as the environment? On this point the environment came in connection with society. However, the present generation will not reap benefits of sustainable growth. It is the intergenerational equity that needs to be established. We have to compromise the present consumption for future sustenance.

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Speaker Dr. Aneel Salman lecturing on "Blue Economy"

He informed the audience that oceans and maritime resources have a much larger capacity to regenerate. That is why fisheries remain the most sustainable food source. However, global warming is crippling our oceans’ ability to capture carbon and produce oxygen. This Dr. Aneel Salman during lecture on "Blue Economy" makes the sustainability factor in Blue Economy very important.

Dr. Aneel emphasized in conclusion that Blue Economy is an expensive economic model to follow and takes a long time to establish sustainable growth. However in order to achieve sustainability for generations to come, we will need to change the way we look at maritime affairs and policies related to them.

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Lecture 2 – Policy Analytics and Design Brig (R) Dr. Tahir Ul Mulk Kahloon presented the second lecture of the day themed on “Public Policy and Design”. He told the audience that policy is a complex model for decision making which is based upon many factors. A policy includes both what to do and what not to do as a part of the policy making process.

He described how policies are framed using different factors. All problems that are to be dealt in a policy are initially framed, and then a policy is designed to address the framed problem. He differentiated policy design and policy analysis and told about the tools of policy design to the audience. He also described tools of policy analysis and types of policy analysis.

He recommended the young researches to carry out policy analysis and thoroughly scrutinize existing policies to help evaluate existing policies and formulate new policies. He said that it is important to correctly formulate a problem, as a problem well formulated is a problem half solved. However, it is easier said than done. He exhibited an example with a case of smoking as a cause of cancer. He said that the way problem was formulated and described would decide how the solution of that problem will be approached. In the end, he showed policy analysis frameworks and explained them to the audience to help analyze policies.

Speaker Brig (R) Dr. Tahir Ul Mulk Kahloon lecturing on “Public Policy and Design”

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Visit to Karachi Port Trust Afterwards, the participants left the premises for field visits. The first field visit of the day included a briefing at Karachi Port Trust (KPT). Rear Admiral Sajid Wazir, Acting DG Administration KPT, welcomed the participants of Maritime Winter School 2020. A briefing was given to the participants on history, structure and function of Karachi Port Trust. It also included detail on KPT’s area of operation, its capacity and the ongoing expansion projects.

During the Q/A session, legal standpoint on the planned projects was discussed. Responding to a question, Admiral Sajid Wazir told the audience that KPT was only handling one-third of its total capacity. While the proposed expansion projects can be completed in 1-2 years after approval. He said that Pakistan has unfortunately not been a sea-faring nation. Improving the situation of our maritime sector will require to deal with out sea-blindness. Upon concluding the session, President MSF, Dr. Syed Mohammed Anwer and DG Administration KPT, Rear Admiral Sajid Wazir exchanged souvenirs.

Group photo of MWS2020 Cohort at Karachi Port Trust

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Visit to Pakistan Maritime Security Agency The participants of Maritime Winter School 2020 also visited Headquarters of Pakistan Maritime Security Agency (PMSA). A briefing was given to the participants on origin, mission and achievements of PMSA. The audience was informed that PMSA is the only law enforcement agency of Pakistan operating in seas and focuses on anti- narcotics, anti-human trafficking and anti-piracy operations. Audience was also informed about PMSA’s capacity and its naval and air fleet.

The briefing outlined the participation and role of PMSA in transnational regimes like SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea), HACGAM (Heads of Asian Coast Guards Agencies

Group photo of MWS2020 Cohort at Pakistan Maritime Security Agency Meeting), and annual Barracuda exercises that were organized by PMSA itself. The participants were also shown videos which outlined the role and function of PMSA, and exhibited the latest Barracuda exercise conducted by PMSA.Upon conclusion, President MSF, Dr. Syed Mohammed Anwer and Deputy Director General PMSA, Commodore Jawad exchanged souvenirs.

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Visit to South Asia Port Terminal At the end of the day, participants visited South Asia Port Terminal (SAPTL). The participants were briefed by the port authorities on operations and functioning of the terminal. The participants were told that SAPTL is Pakistan’s first deep water port which can accommodate up to Photo of operational berth at South Asia Port Terminal taken during the visit four vessels at a time with quayside depth of 16 meters. Its situation on Keamari Groyne basin provides it with an important position to facilitate easy access of large vessels to the port.The participants also took a quick tour across the terminal.

Photo of container stacked at South Asia Port Terminal

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Highlights of the Day

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Day 3 Marine Resources, Sciences & Hydrography

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Third day at Maritime Winter School 2020 was themed on “Marine Resources, Sciences and Hydrography”. It included a lecture by Commodore M. Khalid from Pakistan Navy Hydrography Department. The exposure visits of the day included a visit to National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), visit to Pakistan National Shipping Corporation (PNSC), a visit to Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works (KS&EW) and a trip to beach of Karachi.

Group photo of Day 3 at MWS2020

Lecture 1 - Understanding Hydrography and its implications in Maritime sector Commodore M. Khalid, Pakistan Navy Hydrography Department, delivered his lecture on “Understanding Hydrography” as part of the theme of the day and appreciated Maritime Study Forum for working on addressing the problem of sea- blindness in Pakistan. He informed the audience on why hydrography is required and how it started to happen in history. He went on to describe different methods that were historically used for hydrographical surveys. He also described the scope of modern hydrography that includes measuring marine resources, tides, helping in navigation and so on, apart from measuring depth.

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He defined the modern hydrography for participants as the branch of applied science which deals with measurement and description of physical features of maritime resources including seas and inland Speaker Commodore M. Khalid lecturing on "Understanding Hydrography" waters.He told the audience regarding the importance of hydrographic process and how it has been internationalized by SOLAS and other transnational regimes. So far only 5-6% of entire world’s seas have been hydrographically charted. The rest is yet to be explored. Not following the international hydrographical standards may lead to accidents and environmental damage at the sea. He gave example of Tasman Spirit accident where one of the ship’s tanks ruptured on Karachi harbor, damaging maritime environment and destroying the marine life on Karachi’s shoreline.

Commodore Khalid briefed the participants about how hydrography is being carried out in Pakistan, and the role of Pakistan Navy’s Hydrographic Department in it. He told that the Hydrgraphy Department of Pakistan Navy provided hydrographical maps and charts to all ports of Pakistan. He also told that the Department was handling hydrographic responsibilities in international NAVAREA IX as per international obligations.

Commodore M. Khalid concluded on prospects and challenges of hydrography in Pakistan. He said that hydrographical work in Pakistan is not known or recognized very much among the public and policy makers. This sea-blindness of Pakistan is largely due to less emphasis and negligence of the coastal Participants during lecture on Hydropgraphy

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MWS2020 Report population. He also emphasized on standardization of hydrographic survey activities. As way forward, he recommended legal recognition of work done by PNHD and activation of National Hydrographic Commission. Visit to National Institute of Oceanography After the lecture, the participants and team left the MWS2020 premises for field visits.The participants visited National Insitute of Oceanography (NIO) Headquarters, Karachi. They were welcomed at NIO by Dr. Nuzhat Khan, DG NIO, and Dr. Hina Baig, Principal Scientific Officer at NIO. Dr. Nuzhat Khan briefed the audience about the history, function and achievements of NIO.

She told the audience that oceans and oceanography are immensely important, as oceanography takes account of all the resources related to maritime. She said that there can be no concept of sustainability or development without oceans. She further told that NIO was not only committed to United Nations’ SDG 14 on “Sustainable Oceans”, but also contributed towards all other Sustainable Development Goals. She further told that after the space science, oceanography is the most expensive science of the world. She also told the audience that NIO is a focal point for Antarctic research and has led two Antarctic Expeditions so far. She informed about NIO’s role in strengthening Pakistan’s case for extension of its continental shelf under UNCLCS (United Nations’ Commission for the Limits of Continental Shelf). She also told about further proposals for exploitation of living and non-living resources in Pakistan’s exclusive economic zone and continental shelf.

DG NIO Dr. Nuzhat Khan briefing the MWS2020 Cohort in NIO

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At the end of the briefing, President MSF Dr. Syed Mohammed Anwer and DG NIO Dr. Nuzhat Khan exchanged souvenirs.

Group photo of MWS2020 Cohort at National Institute of Oceanography Visit to Pakistan National Shipping Corporation Afterwards, the participants visited Pakistan National Shipping Corporation (PNSC). Khurram Mirza, Executive Director (Special Projects and Planning) PNSC, welcomed the participants and briefed them on organization, structure, importance and accomplishments of PNSC.

He told the audience that PNSC is the only government corporation that is self- financed and runs on its own profit and budgetary expenses. As a national carrier, it PNSC plays an important role in movement of goods and trade. Apart from national dealings, PNSA also have almost 90% of its dealings on international terms. PNSC has an extra-ordinary fleet availability and reliability of over 95%. He informed the audience about importance of PNSC as a strategic cargo carrier of Pakistan that is determined to act as its second line of defense by securing flow of trade in both peace and war time. He also described how the volatile regional environment can and does affect PNSC’s business. He said that an unstable global economic outlook, shorter cyclic changes in world economy and world industry, and new and stringent international maritime regulars are the major challenges that PNSC faces. Procedural

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MWS2020 Report delays locally, infrastructure limitations and stringent laws were also among the challenges faced by PNSC.PNSC is now digitizing its system in order to simplify and improve operations. Enforcement of Pakistan Shipping Policy is also a priority for PNSC.

Upon conclusion, President MSF Dr. Syed Mohammed Anwer and Executive Director PNSC Khurram Mirza exchanged souvenirs.

Group photo of MWS2020 Cohort at PNSC Visit to Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works The last visit of the day included visit of participants to Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works (KS&EW), and a trip to beach. At KS&EW, the participants were briefed about the functions and output of the Shipyard. After the briefing, participants took a trip to Karachi beach as a recreational activity.

Group photo of MWS2020 Cohort at KS&EW

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Highlights of the Day

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Day 4 Maritime Security & Diplomacy

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The fourth day at Maritime Winter School 2020 was themed on “Maritime Security and Diplomacy”. It included two lectures on Pakistan’s Maritime Security and Lessons for Pakistan from China’s Maritime Security. Participants also visited Goth Haji Alano in Hub to interact with local coastal community and visited Gadani Ship Breaking Yard.

Group Photo of Day 4 at MWS2020

Lecture 1 – Pakistan Maritime Security - Potential and Challenges Rear Admiral (R) Pervaiz Asghar gave his lecture on “Pakistan’s Maritime Security: Potential and Challenges”. He informed the audience about complexity of defining maritime security, which can be outlined in form of a matrix covering both conventional and non-conventional methods. He also discussed about the issue of piracy that spiked in the region, particularly around the Red Sea and Sea of Oman. He said that belated and uncoordinated response by international community was the reason of rise in piracy in these areas. Later on, the work done by Combined Taskforces contained the piracy operations. He also talked about the importance of

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Strait of Malacca as the largest chokepoint in the region, and the issue of piracy around the Strait.

He also informed about Pakistan’s role in Combined Taskforce (CTF) 151 and 152, which it had the honor to lead multiple times as well. Learning from the Speaker Rear Admiral (R) Pervaiz Asghar lecturing on Pakistan's Maritime Security experience of CTFs, Pakistan also recently started its Regional Maritime Security Patrols (RMSP) in the region to contribute to anti-piracy operations in the Indian Ocean Region.

During the Q/A session, participants asked questions regarding the US-China competition, non-conventional security threats and maritime security posture of Pakistan. Answering to a question regarding legislation, he said that renaming Ministry of Ports and Shipping into Ministry of Maritime Affairs and adding fisheries into its agenda doesn’t do much for the legislation to secure maritime security and regulating authority. Pakistan needs a specialized and powerful authority to holistically cover the maritime affairs, including the security aspect at its seas. The legislation in this regard is so weak that Pakistan couldn’t even try Tasman Spirit leakage for penalties, which even still pertains to a few thousand rupees.

Lecture 2 – Pakistan Maritime Security - Lessons from China’s Maritime Strategy In the second lecture, Dr. Khuram Iqbal presented on the topic of China’s Maritime Strategy and Lessons for Pakistan. He started by giving an overview of the practical applications of prescripts of Mahan. He further told the audience that Mahan’s maritime strategy is misinterpreted, putting forth the argument that whosoever controls the Indian Ocean controls the world, while missing all other essential components. We need to understand that China didn’t went for maritime dominance all at once but

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MWS2020 Report rather it shifted slowly and gradually from maritime economy to maritime security. By now China’s maritime outlook is not traditional but rather it’s more multifaceted dealing with both traditional and non-traditional maritime threats.

China took decade to become a maritime nation as they were not a very sophisticated maritime nation. The evolution of Chinese maritime security policy has three important phases where firstly it focused on near sea defense, then moving to regional sea active defense and then ultimately reaching and working for far sea defense where it worked to secure its stakes not only in regional seas, but around the globe. Now Pakistan being placed in an important location, it is necessary to learn from China and make reforms. We need to think out of box where we carry multi-dimensional reforms including improvement of institutions, legislation etc.

Speaker Dr. Khuram Iqbal lecturing on China's Maritime Strategy and Lessons for Pakistan

He emphasized that Pakistan needs to securitize the ocean and generate a strong discourse for maritime security, economy and strategy. Internally we need to make our legislation strong and externally we need to balance ourselves in alliance making, keeping in view the changing international system. Further we need to focus on our low level politics and the centralization of institutions. Ball is all in court of Pakistan all we need to do is make our own choices that secure our interest.

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Visit to Goth Haji Alano and Gadani Shipbreaking Yard On fourth day of Maritime Winter School 2020, participants also visited Goth Haji Alano, Hub, in order to interact with local coastal community. They were briefed by Mr. Naufil Shahrukh, General Secretary MSF, with regards to the issues of coastal communities Group photo of MWS2020 Cohort at Goth Haji Alano in Pakistan. They also met with the elders of Goth Haji Alano who described the issues of their community.

Afterwards, the participants went to Gadani Shipbreaking Yard where they were briefed on ship-breaking by Mr. Naufil Shahrukh. Participants saw the ships being broken down at Gadani and took pictures on the beach.

Group photo of MWS2020 Cohort at Gadani Ship Breaking Yard

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Highlights of the Day

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Day 5 Media and Maritime

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On fifth day of Maritime Winter School 2020, a one-day seminar titled “Projecting Pakistan Maritime Potential through Mainstream and Alternative Media” was held in collaboration with NCMPR and NIMA. The seminar aimed at highlighting the issues and promoting the maritime sector of Pakistan.

Group photo of Day 5 at MWS2020

Seminar on Projecting Pakistan’s Maritime Potential through Mainstream & Alternative Media Ms. Naghmana Zafar, Research Associate NCMPR, moderated the seminar. The seminar started with recitation of Holy Quran by Hafiz Inam, Research Coordinator MSF. After the recitation of Holy Quran, the topic and agenda of seminar was announced.

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Ms. Naghmana Zafar moderated one- day seminar on Media and Maritime

Panelists of the seminar during interactive session From left to right – Mr. Daniyal Sheikh, Ms. Nadia Naqi, Commodore (R) Syed M. Obaidullah, Owais Iqbal Baloch, Mr. Salman Parekh

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Opening Address

Afterwards Ms. Naghmana invited Commodore (R) Ali Abbas, Director NCMPR, for opening address of seminar. Commodore (R) Abbas thanked MSF for holding the seminar as part of Maritime Winter School 2020 with goal to project the maritime potential of Pakistan. He told the audience about the vast scope of the media and how it has been an Commodore (R) Ali Abbas giving opening address at important element to change the world. seminar He discussed how media can highlight right things at right time. He said that maritime has not been given preference and priority, and media has neglected this area. In conclusion, he congratulated Maritime Study Forum (MSF), National Centre for Maritime Policy Research (NCMPR), National Institute of Maritime Affairs (NIMA) and Bahria University Karachi for providing an important platform to the students and researcher.

Putting Maritime Domain in the Mainstream Media

Afterwards Mr. Muhamad Owais Iqbal Baloch, Director VSH News, spoke on “Putting Maritime Domain in the Mainstream Media”. He also thanked Maritime Study Forum for organizing the seminar on such an important topic. He pointed out the problems that Pakistan as nation facing by neglecting our marine Mr. Owais Iqbal Baloch speaking on Putting Maritime Domain resources. He then told how VSH in the Mainstream Media News played an important role show the world the potential of Pakistan’s coastal belt. He told how perceptions regarding Balochistan that were dominant around the world

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MWS2020 Report slowly changed. He said that media can be instrumental in increasing the coastal tourism in this area if it projects local culture and beauty of the coastal belt. By doing so, the local people will also attain a medium for connection.

Representation of Coastal Communities in Media

Ms. Nadia Naqi, Anchor NewsOne TV, spoke on “Representation of Coastal Communities in Print, Electronic & Social Media”. She told about how she decided to enter in projecting the coastal belt despite the “breaking news” culture and other constraints in Ms. Nadia Naqi speaking on Representation of Coastal Communities in Media mainstream media. She presented her own coverage to the audience which showed the misery and challenges faced by the coastal community.

Digital Marketing and Potential of Coastline Markets

Next in line was Mr. Salman Parekh, Digital and Social Media Expert, to speak on “Digital Marketing and Potential of Coastline Markets”. He emphasized on the importance of digitalization. He also stressed on content creation, stating that we lack in it and project substandard content. Media is a natural multiplier of content, so we need to focus on content Mr. Salman Parekh speaking on Digital Marketing and Potential of Coastline Markets making. He also talked about the coastal tourism and stated that the trend of land based tourism in Pakistan limits its maritime potential. Our own media has played also an important role in this land locked approach.

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Highlighting the Coastal Areas via Social Media

In the end, Mr. Danial Sheikh, Social Media Influencer, talked on “Highlighting the Opportunities and Challenges in Coastal Areas via Social Media”. He told about how development of digital infrastructure on coastline can help develop coastal tourism. He also said that we need to boost our local tourism, communication Mr. Danial Sheikh speaking on Highlighting the Opportunities and Challenges in Coastal Areas via Social Media and traveling routes to get maximum out of the maritime potential of Pakistan.

Keynote Address

In the end, Commodore (R) Syed M. Obaidullah gave keynote address as the Chair of Seminar. Hee thanked Maritime Study Forum, its team and other organizers from NCMPR. He also stressed on the role media can play in building and changing the character of a nation. Media has the potential to build a narrative and project it for the betterment of nation. Pakistan alone Commodore (R) Syed M. Obaidullah giving Keynote Address has 89 channels, major newspapers at the seminar and then the potential of social media. It can be mobilized to promote the maritime potential of Pakistan.

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Closing Remarks

In the end President MSF Dr. Syed Mohammed Anwer gave closing remarks. He highlighted the importance of conducting such workshops and seminars in order to highlight the maritime potential of Pakistan and open ways for its promotion. He also presented souvenirs President MSF Dr. Syed Mohammed Anwer providing Closing Remarks to the speakers of seminar. at the seminar

Guests and participants during seminar

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Closing Ceremony

Closing Ceremony of Maritime Winter School 2020 was held in Fatima Jinnah Hall, Bahria University Karachi Campus. Chief Guest of the ceremony was Senator Nuzhat Sadiq, Chairperson Senate’s Standing Committee on Maritime Affairs. The other distinguished guests included Rear Admiral Mukhtar Mr. Salman Javed moderated the Closing Ceremony of MWS2020 Khan Jadoon, DG Bahria University Karachi Campus, Commodore (R) Obaidullah, former Director NCMPR, and Commodore (R) Ali Abbas, Director NCMPR. President MSF Dr. Syed Mohammed Anwer, Director Maritime Schools Dr. Aneel Salman, Director MSF Mr. Salman Javed and General Secretary MSF Mr. Naufil Shahrukh were also present at the occasion.

Opening of Ceremony The Closing Ceremony of Maritime Winter School 2020 was formally opened in moderation of Mr. Salman Javed, Director MSF. The participants presented a cake and photo frames related to maritime to President MSF to commemorate Maritime Winter School 2020. President MSF Dr. Syed Mohammed Anwer and Chief Guest Senator Nuzhat Sadiq cut the cake to initiate the proceedings of Closing Ceremony.

Participants presenting cake to President MSF to Group photo of distinguished guests and President MSF commemorate MWS2020 with present from participants

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Theatrical Play A theatrical play was exhibited on the closing ceremony of Maritime Winter School 2020 prepared by students and local fishermen community coming from Government Boys Secondary School Younasabad. The play highlighted the hardships faced by coastal communities of Pakistan and left the audience in awe.

Photos from Theatrical Play at Closing Ceremony of MWS2020

Farewell Remarks After exhibition of theatrical play, Dr. Aneel Salman was called upon to give farewell remarks at the Closing Ceremony of Maritime Winter School 2020. He congratulated the participants on successfully completing Maritime Winter School 2020 and advised them to carry out further research in maritime domain to provide useful output for the country, as well as for themselves.

Dr. Aneel Salman giving farewell remarks at Closing Ceremony of MWS2020

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Thanking Remarks President MSF Dr. Syed Mohammed Anwer also gave thanking remarks to the co- hosts, participants and organizers of Maritime Winter School 2020. He thanked Rear Admiral Mukhtar Khan Jadoon, DG Bahria University Karachi Campus, Commodore (R) Ali Abbas, Director NCMPR, Commodore (R) Dr. Syed Mohammed Anwer giving thanking remarks to the participants at Closing Ceremony Syed M. Obaidullah, Former Director NCMPR, and Senator Nuzhat Sadiq, the Chief Guest, for collaborating in Maritime Winter School 2020 and helping to make it a successful endeavor. He also congratulated the participants and emphasized upon them to carry out further research on maritime in their relevant fields in order to bring awareness of maritime among masses and help address the issue of “sea-blindness” in the nation.

Keynote Address Keynote Address on Closing Ceremony of Martitime Winter School 2020 was given by Chief Guest Senator Nuzhat Sadiq, Chairperson Senate’s Standing Committee on Maritime Affairs. In her address, Senator Nuzhat appreciated Maritime Study Forum’s effort to conduct the Senator Nuzhat Sadiq giving Keynote Address on Closing week-long Maritime School to Ceremony of MWS2020 impart awareness regarding the scope and issues of maritime among academics, practitioners and students. She also congratulated the participants on completing the Maritime Winter School 2020 and advised them to work for their goals with dedication

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MWS2020 Report in order to achieve them for the betterment of their own selves, their families and for the society.

Distribution of Certificates The participants were also given certificates of participation at Maritime Winter School 2020. Souvenirs were also given to the participants along with their certificates from Maritime Study Forum.

Closing Dinner After the Closing Ceremony, a dinner was held on the premises of NCMPR for guests and participants of Maritime Winter School 2020.

Group photo of MWS2020 Cohort with Chief Guest at Closing Ceremony

Group photo of Students from Fishermen Community with Chief Guest and Hosts

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Highlights of the Day

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MWS2020 Media Coverage

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#MWS2020 – Top National Trend On Twitter

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MWS2020 Alumni

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Abeeha Naqvi Muhammad Saad Shafiq Nazgul Shah LLM Scholar ICAP, Karachi Media and Communication, Chartered Accountant IIUI Bahria University

Ammar Joiya Etfa Khurshid Khawer Manzoor Abbasi LLM (Maritime Law) Research Associate, LLM Scholar Bahria University CASS Bahria Universiy

Zobaria Zafar Ome Kalsoom Khadija -tul- Kubra

MPhil Scholar LLM (Maritime Law) MPhil Scholar PIDE, Islamabad Bahria University PIDE, Islamabad

Zahara Rizwan Ambreen Shabbir Mian Jamal Nasir LLM Scholar MPhil Scholar LLM (Maritime Law)

Bahria University PIDE, Islamabad Bahria University

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Syed Haseeb Raza Dr. Saima Majeed Muhammad Uzair LLM Scholar Senior Scientific Officer LLM (Maritime Law) Bahria University Aquatics Diagnostic Lab, NCMPR Bahria University

Sadia Sherazi Shamsher Ali Jahanzaib Sheikh Program Coordinator LLM Scholar M.S Mass Comm NCMPR, Karachi University of Karachi Bahria University

Sarfaraz Alam Aqib Alam Mir Muzzamil Hassan LLM (Maritime Law) LLM Scholar LLM Scholar

Bahria University Bahria University Bahria University

Fahad Raza Ayesha Umer Zohaib Altaf LLM (Maritime Law) Research Associate MPhil Scholar

Bahria University Aquatics Diagnostic Lab, NCMPR NUML, Islamabad

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Rakhshanda Baig Nida Abdul Hayee Zeeshan Shaukat English Literature English Literature MPhil Scholar University of Karachi University of Karachi NUML, Islamabad

Kulsoom Belal Dr. Naveed Ahmed Shabnam Fazal Research Officer Senior Research Officer MPhil Scholar Aquatics Diagnostics Lab, NCMPR NUML, Islamabad Institute of Policy Studies

Alifia Aun Ali Dr. Yasmin Zamir Umar Farooq Research Associate Assistant Professor International Relations

NCMPR, Karachi University of Karachi Federal Urdu University

Syed Muhammad Hadi Hamdani Legal Associate

Sherazi and Associates

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@study_maritime /MaritimeStudyForum @maritimestudyforum