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Caracterização Palinológica De Espécies De Amaryllidaceae Sensu Stricto Ocorrentes No Nordeste Brasileiro1

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Caracterização Palinológica De Espécies De Amaryllidaceae Sensu Stricto Ocorrentes No Nordeste Brasileiro1 Acta bot. bras. 21(4): 967-976. 2007 Caracterização palinológica de espécies de Amaryllidaceae sensu stricto ocorrentes no nordeste brasileiro1 Anderson Alves-Araújo2,4, Francisco de Assis Ribeiro dos Santos3 e Marccus Alves2 Recebido em 2/10/2006. Aceito em 2/04/2007 RESUMO – (Caracterização palinológica de espécies de Amaryllidaceae sensu stricto ocorrentes no nordeste brasileiro). Este trabalho teve com objetivo realizar as descrições polínicas de espécies nordestinas de Amaryllidaceae s.s. e Alliaceae e relacioná-las visando a sua delimitação taxonômica. Foram analisadas as espécies: Griffinia espiritensis Ravenna var. bahiana Preuss & Meerow, Griffinia gardneriana (Herb.) Ravenna, Habranthus itaobinus Ravenna, Habranthus robustus Herb. ex Sweet, Habranthus sylvaticus Herb., Hippeastrum puniceum (Lam.) Kuntze, Hippeastrum stylosum Herb., Hymenocallis littoralis Salisbury Zephyranthes candida (Lindl.) Herb. e Nothoscordum pernambucanum Ravenna. As descrições foram feitas a partir da análise de grãos de pólen acetolisados (ou não) observados em microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura, os quais foram obtidos de espécimes recém-coletados. Todas as espécies apresentaram grãos de pólen em mônades, heteropolar-bilaterais, monossulcados e âmbito elíptico/elipsoidal. Foram detectadas características diagnósticas com relação ao padrão de ornamentação, destacando Hippeastrum stylosum Herb. e Hymenocallis littoralis Salisbury por possuírem grãos de pólen com calotas equatoriais. As características polínicas analisadas foram suficientemente relevantes para a delimitação específica dentre os táxons analisados. Palavras-chave: Amaryllidaceae, Alliaceae, Palinologia, Taxonomia, Brasil ABSTRACT – (Pollen characterization of Amaryllidaceae sensu stricto species from northeastern Brazil). The pollen of Amaryllidaceae s.s. and Alliaceae species from northeastern Brazil is described and related to taxonomic delimitation. The species analyzed were: Griffinia espiritensis Ravenna var. bahiana Preuss & Meerow, Griffinia gardneriana (Herb.) Ravenna, Habranthus itaobinus Ravenna, Habranthus robustus Herb. ex Sweet, Habranthus sylvaticus Herb., Hippeastrum puniceum (Lam.) Kuntze, Hippeastrum stylosum Herb., Hymenocallis littoralis Salisbury, Zephyranthes candida (Lindl.) Herb. and Nothoscordum pernambucanum Ravenna. Descriptions of acetolyzed and non-treated pollen grains from fresh specimens were based on analysis in light and scanning electron microscopy. All species presented pollen grains in heteropolar and bilateral, monossulcate and elliptic/ellipsoidal monads. Exine sculpture patterns showed many divergent features; Hippeastrum stylosum Herb. and Hymenocallis littoralis Salisbury had pollen grains with equatorial calotas where exine ornamentation is different. The pollen features analyzed were relevant to species delimitation among the taxons. Key words: Amaryllidaceae, Alliaceae, Palynology, Taxonomy, Brazil Introdução de catálogos e/ou levantamentos polínicos. No trabalho desenvolvido por Erdtman (1966), o autor ilustrou a A família Amaryllidaceae é amplamente distribuída morfologia polínica de vários táxons distribuídos dentre pelo globo com grande parte de seus representantes diversas famílias de angiospermas, incluindo cerca de nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais (Meerow 2004). 90 espécies distribuídas em 60 gêneros dos No Brasil é representada principalmente pelos gêneros representantes classificados como Amaryllidaceae. Da Habranthus Herb. e Hippeastrum Herb., além de mesma forma, Sharma (1967), Huang (1972) e Rao & apresentar táxons endêmicos como Griffinia Ker Ling (1974) analisaram a estrutura dos grãos de pólen Gawl. e Worsleya Traub (Meerow & Snijman 1998). de espécies tropicais asiáticas dessa família. Estudos palinológicos envolvendo espécies de Dentre os gêneros polinicamente observados, os Amaryllidaceae são raros e, geralmente, fazem parte mais comuns nos levantamentos são Crinum L. (Hassal 1 Parte da Dissertação do primeiro Autor 2 Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Morfo-Taxonomia Vegetal, Rua Professor Morais Rego s.n., Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brasil 3 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Micromorfologia Vegetal, Av. Universitária s.n., Campus Universitário, 44031-460 Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil 4 Autor para correspondência: [email protected] 968 Alves-Araujo, Santos & Alves: Caracterização palinológica de espécies de Amaryllidaceae sensu stricto... 1842; Erdtman 1966; Sharma 1967; Huang 1972), gardneriana (Herb.) Ravenna, Habranthus Hymenocallis Salisb. (Huang 1972; Meerow & itaobinus Ravenna, Habranthus robustus Herb. ex Dehgan 1985) e Zephyranthes Herb. (Sharma 1967; Sweet, Habranthus sylvaticus Herb., Hippeastrum Rao & Ling 1974). puniceum (Lam.) Kuntze, Hippeastrum stylosum Um dos mais importantes estudos palinológicos Herb., Hymenocallis littoralis Salisb., Zephyranthes que pode ser citado para monocotiledôneas é o candida (Lindl.) Herb. e Nothoscordum desenvolvido por Zavada (1983), no qual são pernambucanum Ravenna. comparados os grãos de pólen de representantes de As exsicatas foram depositadas no Herbário várias ordens e sugeridas prováveis linhas evolutivas Geraldo Mariz - UFP da Universidade Federal de relacionadas aos tipos de aberturas, estrutura e Pernambuco e duplicatas cedidas aos herbários ornamentação da exina. Tais caracteres já eram HUEFS, IPA, R, RB, SPF, UEC e UPCB, siglas de discutidos por Hassal (1842) quanto à sua utilização e acordo com Holmgren et al. (2006). A coleta do importância para classificação de grupos de plantas. material botânico priorizou os municípios do Estado de Com espécies de Amaryllidaceae sul-americanas, Pernambuco; entretanto foram incluídas espécies poucos são os trabalhos investigativos com relação à distribuídas pelo Nordeste brasileiro, cujos locais e morfologia polínica. Meerow & Dehgan (1985) números de coleta estão disponíveis na Tab. 1. analisaram os grãos de pólen de Hymenocallis Os grãos de pólen foram obtidos de anteras recém- quitoensis Herb. quanto à estrutura da exina e suas coletadas armazenadas em ácido acético glacial PA e, implicações taxonômicas. Meerow et al. (1986), posteriormente, submetidos à técnica padrão de apresentaram tanto dados relacionados à palinologia acetólise segundo Erdtman (1960). de Stenomesson elwesii (Baker) Macbr. quanto à Para análise em microscopia óptica (M.O.), as dispersão dos grãos de pólen. Meerow & Dehgan lâminas foram montadas em gelatina glicerinada, a (1988) estudaram o pólen de espécies pertencentes à partir das quais foram tomadas as medidas dos Tribo Eucharideae ocorrentes na região amazônica, e diâmetros polar, equatorial maior e menor, Meerow (1989), que além de verificar a morfologia aleatoriamente, de 25 grãos de pólen (sempre que polínica, analisou diversos caracteres morfológicos e possível), enquanto que para mensuração da espessura anatômicos de espécies dos gêneros Eucharis Planch., da exina foram empregadas dez unidades poliníferas. Caliphruria Herb. e Urceolina Rchb. Para definição da forma, utilizou-se para o cálculo do Face à grande lacuna existente no conhecimento P/E, o diâmetro equatorial maior. palinológico das Amaryllidaceae brasileiras e Após a acetólise, o sedimento polínico foi considerando seu efetivo potencial para uso em estudos submetido à série etílica crescente (30-100%) e, em taxonômicos e filogenéticos, os objetivos do presente seguida, gotejado diretamente sobre o porta-espécimen trabalho são descrever e relacionar a morfologia do microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV). Depois polínica de espécies da família ocorrentes no nordeste de completa evaporação do etanol e secagem, a brasileiro como ferramenta para a delimitação preparação foi metalizada com ouro-paládio taxonômica das mesmas. (Metalizador SCD 050) e eletromicrografados sob MEV (LEO 1430 VP). Também foram obtidas fotomicrografias digitais em microscópio Zeiss Materiais e métodos (Axioskope 2). Segundo a proposta sugerida pelo APG II (2003), As lâminas foram depositadas na Palinoteca do Alliaceae s.l. é constituída por Agapanthaceae, Laboratório de Micromorfologia Vegetal - LAMIV da Amaryllidaceae s.s. e Alliaceae s.s. Entretanto, para Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana - UEFS e melhor entendimento sistemático, os táxons aqui a nomenclatura polínica adotada seguiu o sugerido por estudados serão considerados como Amaryllidaceae Punt et al. (1994). s.s., sendo Nothoscordum pernambucanum Rav. (Alliaceae s.s.) incluída por ser um táxon nativo da Resultados e discussão região e empregado para subsidiar abordagens comparativas. Os grãos de pólen das espécies estudadas de O material polínico analisado foi proveniente de Amaryllidaceae s.s. e Alliaceae s.s. apresentaram flores frescas das espécies Griffinia espiritensis características compatíveis com os dados publicados Ravenna var. bahiana Preuss & Meerow, Griffinia pelos autores consultados. Todos os táxons possuem Acta bot. bras. 21(4): 967-976. 2007. 969 Tabela 1. Caracteres morfométricos dos grãos de pólen de espécies de Amaryllidaceae s.s. e Nothoscordum (Alliaceae s.s.) nativas do Nordeste brasileiro. Espécie/Espécimens Diâmetro equatorial* Diâmetro Polar* Maior Menor P/E Exina* S:N Griffinia espiritensis Rav. var. bahiana Preuss & Meerow A. Alves-Araújo et al. 37 (Cabo Sto Agostinho – PE) (25) 31 (37) (50) 56 (67) (20) 28 (35) 0,56 1(2) S=N A. Alves-Araújo et al. 37 (a)** (27) 31 (37)† (50) 63 (70) (20)
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