Ayurveda Jyotisha 101

Jyotisha Ayurveda 101

Class Prayer to the Planets Brahmā Murari Tripurāndhakāri Bhānu Shashī Bhūmi-suto Budhascha Guru-sca Shukra Shani Rāhu Ketava Kurvanthu Sarve Mama Suprabatham

Om Shanti, Shanti, Shanti

Brahmā (the Creator) Murari (Vishnu) Tripurāndhakāri (Shiva Bhānu (Sun) Shashī (Moon) Bhūmi-suto (Mars) Budhascha (Mercury Guru-sca (Jupiter) Shukra (Venus) Shani (Saturn) Rāhu Ketava Kurvanthu Sarve Mama Suprabatham (may they make my day auspicious)

Om Peace, Peace, Peace

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Contents Class Prayer to the Planets ...... 2 Contents ...... 3 Chapter 1: The Notion of Karma in Ayurveda and Jyotisha ...... 7 Chapter 2: Tripod of the Birth Chart ...... 9 Sidereal Zodiac ...... 9 Planets or Grahas ...... 9 Zodiac Constellations or Rashis ...... 10 Houses or Bhavas ...... 13 Homework: Application of Concepts ...... 16 Chapter 3: The Grahas and their Significations ...... 17 Overview ...... 17 Surya (Sun) ...... 19 Innate characteristics ...... 19 Key significations ...... 19 Personality traits and behavior ...... 19 Relationship representations ...... 19 Homework: Application of Concepts ...... 20 Chandra (Moon) ...... 21 Innate characteristics ...... 21 Key significations ...... 21 Personality traits and behavior ...... 21 Relationship representation ...... 21 Homework: Application of Concepts ...... 22 Mangala (Mars) ...... 23 Innate characteristics ...... 23 Key significations ...... 23 Relationship representations ...... 23 Homework: Application of Concepts ...... 24 Budha (Mercury) ...... 25 Innate characteristics ...... 25 Key significations ...... 25

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Personality traits and behavior ...... 25 Relationship representation ...... 25 Homework: Application of Concepts ...... 26 Guru (Jupiter) ...... 27 Innate characteristics ...... 27 Key significations ...... 27 Personality traits and behavior ...... 27 Relationship representation ...... 27 Homework: Application of Concepts ...... 28 Shukra (Venus) ...... 29 Innate characteristics ...... 29 Key significations ...... 29 Personality traits and behavior ...... 29 Homework: Application of Concepts ...... 30 Shani (Saturn) ...... 31 Innate characteristics ...... 31 Homework: Application of Concepts ...... 32 Chapter 4: Bhava Classifications ...... 33 Introduction ...... 33 Kendras, Vishnu Sthanas ...... 33 Trikonas, Lakshmi Sthanas ...... 34 Upachayas, Sthanas of Effort ...... 34 Dusthanas, Sthanas of Obstruction ...... 35 Positive and Negative Bhavas ...... 36 Chapter 5: The 12 Bhavas ...... 37 Overview ...... 37 1st Bhava: Tanu Sthana ...... 38 Homework: Application of Concepts ...... 38 2nd Bhava: Dhana Sthana ...... 39 Homework: Application of Concepts ...... 39 3rd Bhava: Bhratru Sthana ...... 40 Homework: Application of Concepts ...... 40

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4th Bhava: Sukha Bhava ...... 41 Homework: Application of Concepts ...... 41 5th Bhava: Putra Sthana ...... 42 Homework: Application of Concepts ...... 42 6th Bhava: Shatru Sthana...... 43 Homework: Application of Concepts ...... 43 7th Bhava: Kalatra Sthana ...... 44 Homework: Application of Concepts ...... 44 8th Bhava: Mrituy Sthana ...... 45 Homework: Application of Concepts ...... 45 9th Bhava: Bhagya Sthana ...... 47 Homework: Application of Concepts ...... 47 10th Bhava: Karma Sthana ...... 48 Homework: Application of Concepts ...... 48 11th Bhava: Labha Sthana ...... 49 Homework: Application of Concepts ...... 49 12th Bhava: Vyava Sthana ...... 50 Homework: Applications of Concepts ...... 50 Chapter 6: Rahu and Ketu ...... 51 What are the nodes? ...... 51 Ketu ...... 53 Innate characteristics ...... 53 Key significations ...... 53 Personality traits and behavior ...... 53 Homework: Application of Concepts ...... 53 Rahu ...... 54 Innate characteristics ...... 54 Key significations ...... 54 Personality traits and behavior ...... 54 Homework: Application of Concepts ...... 54 Opposite Bhava Relationships ...... 55 Homework: Application of Concepts ...... 58

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Chapter 7: Graha Aspects (Drishti)...... 59 Homework: Application of Concepts ...... 60 Chapter 8: The 12 Rashis and their Qualities ...... 61 Introduction ...... 61 Qualities and Attributes of the Rashis ...... 61 Gender ...... 61 Element ...... 61 Modality ...... 62 Ruling Graha ...... 62 Archetypal Energy of the 12 Rashis ...... 63 Aries, ruled by Mangala ...... 63 Taurus, ruled by Shukra ...... 63 Gemini, ruled by Budha ...... 64 Cancer, ruled by Chandra ...... 65 Leo, ruled by Surya ...... 65 Virgo, ruled by Budha ...... 66 Libra, ruled by Shukra ...... 66 Scorpio, ruled by Mangala ...... 67 Sagittarius, ruled by Guru ...... 68 Capricorn, ruled by Shani ...... 68 Aquarius, ruled by Shani ...... 69 Pisces, ruled by Guru ...... 69 Chapter 9: Purusharthas, the Aims of Life ...... 71 Introduction ...... 71 Purushartha Bhavas ...... 71 Dharma sthanas ...... 71 Artha sthanas ...... 72 Kama sthanas ...... 73 Moksha sthanas ...... 73 Homework: Application of Concept ...... 74

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Chapter 1: The Notion of Karma in Ayurveda and Jyotisha

Jyotisha clients often ask: “Is my destiny fated?” To answer this question requires an understanding of karma based on a commonly accepted Hindu perspective. This perspective identifies three types of karma: sanchita, prarabdha and kriyaman.

Sanchita means ‘accumulated’. Sanchita is the totality of actions performed in previous lifetimes whose karma phala (fruits of action) are yet to fructify but will do so in this and future incarnations.

The second type of karma is prarabdha, which means ‘to commence or set in motion’. Prarabdha is that portion of sanchita karma that one is destined to experience in this lifetime. Prarabdha karma creates the urges, desires and forces that activate or ripen the fruit of past life actions. Taken collectively, the nine grahas (planets), twelve bhavas (houses) and twelve rashis (constellations) of the birth chart show the prarabdha karma that is likely to unfold during the person’s present incarnation.

Prarabdha karma sets our destiny in motion. Yet, each moment we have the opportunity to modify our fate. Kriyaman (being made) karma is action we perform in the present that will bear fruit in current or future lifetimes. Kriyaman describes our ability to augment or change our destiny, for better or worse.

Kriyaman karma can be viewed as that portion of karma that comes from free will. The amount of free will one has in a lifetime varies in each area of life (e.g., marriage, health, career, education) and from one birth chart to the next. The more ingrained a particular event or experience is in the birth chart, the less freedom a person has to modify its outcome or prevent it from happening.

In the Ayurvedic text Charaka Samhita, Charaka posits this same viewpoint when declaring that karmas can be classified as strong (fixed), weak (unfixed) or somewhere in between strong and weak (fixed-unfixed).1 Charaka states that because certain health conditions represent fixed karmas, they persist despite even an ardent effort to avoid or mitigate them. In other words, they allow for little free will. On the other hand, most health conditions represent unfixed or a mix of fixed and unfixed karmas (e.g. fixed-unfixed). Charaka asserts that in these cases, a proper diet, appropriate lifestyle and the cultivation of a sattvic mindset will enhance a person’s health and well-being.

To illustrate, assume a birth chart shows a mix of fixed and unfixed karmas (fixed-unfixed) in relation to diabetes. If the person is alerted to the possibility of becoming diabetic, he or she can benefit right away by exercising and following a reasonable diet. Some of the symptoms of diabetes may still manifest but, due to the individual’s persistent attention and action, he or she will be much less likely to experience the full impact of the disease. Even if the karma is extremely fixed, a person who becomes aware of this can plan to meet the need for medicall management, and work to keep himself as healthy as possible.

1 Charaka-Samhita, Agnivesa’s treatise refined and annotated by Charaka and redacted by Drdhabala, Priyavrat Sharma (editor-translator). Chapter 3.3.31, 33-34. Chaukhambha Orientalia, 2005. 7 | P a g e

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Events representing fixed-unfixed karma involve more free will, for they may or may not occur. Hence, these events are far more difficult to predict with certainty. To ensure such an event unfolds requires conscious intent and effort. Focused intention and persistent effort can be effective in manifesting a desired experience, be it a happy home life, fruitful career or satisfying marriage. In a similar manner, an unwanted experience or outcome such as ill-health, financial hardship or the loss of a relationship may be modified.

Our responsibility as Jyotishis is to make the individual aware of those areas where there is more choice or free will. Here, awareness and dedicated focus can be vehicles for modifying karma. Yet, even in cases where only fixed karma is present, never underestimate the power an individual has to use his or her intelligence and determination to redirect the ship into new waters―no matter how powerful the undercurrent.

Lastly, as professionals, we can be direct and honest with a client without being fatalistic. This means discussing difficult life areas in a solution-oriented way that encourages the client to take ownership for his or her situation and make life-enhancing decisions. When we communicate birth chart findings in this manner, we do justice to the individual and to the science of Jyotisha.

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Chapter 2: Tripod of the Birth Chart

Sidereal Zodiac The Vedic birth chart is cast at the exact moment that a baby takes his first breath. It is constructed using the sidereal zodiac, which charts the planets as they actually appear in the sky against the backdrop of the constellations. This method accounts for the effect of the earth’s precession, or slight wobble on its axis.

In contrast, Western astrology utilizes the tropical zodiac. The tropical zodiac fixes the position of the constellations to the earth-sun relationship at the time of the spring equinox. On this day, the sun is fixed at 0○ Aries. However, due to the precession of the earth, the sun’s relationship to the constellations varies slightly from year to year. For example, on the spring equinox in 2016, the sun was actually at 8○ Pisces. This difference of 22○ is called the ayanamsha (portion of movement) and is applicable to all planets in the birth chart. The ayanamsha explains why a Vedic cast birth chart does not correspond to a Western cast birth chart.

Planets or Grahas The tripod of the birth chart is the grahas, bhavas and rashis. “Graha” is a Sanskrit word meaning “to seize, to hold or to grasp”. This is exactly what the grahas do – they seize our consciousness when we come under their influence, causing certain karmas to unfold in our life. On an energetic level, the grahas are concentrated life forces, each with its own unique and specific vibration. For example, Guru’s life force is one of higher knowledge, spirituality, hope, optimism and upliftment; Shani’s life force is one of discipline, perseverance, detachment, commitment and being in service to others.

The following is a list of the nine grahas, their Sanskrit name with translation and a brief description of their characteristics and life force: • Sun = Surya (Right Action): Vitality, confidence, consistency, leadership, strength of character, the Soul • Moon = Chandra (Shining One): Emotional orientation, emotional connectedness and sensitivity, motherly love, nurturing, caring • Mars = Mangala (Auspicious One): Courage, passion, risk-taking, adventure, competition • Mercury = Budha (Intelligent One): Intellect, curiosity, learning, discrimination, manual dexterity, communications • Jupiter = Guru (Dispeller of Darkness): Higher knowledge, advanced educational degrees, spirituality, hope, optimism, upliftment, advanced educational degree • Venus = Shukra (One of Brightness): Love, joy, beauty, creativity, social grace, union with others • Saturn = Shani (Slow-Goer): Discipline, structure, perseverance, detachment, commitment, caution, struggles, obstacles • Rahu = Ascending Node of the Moon: Illusion, obsession, confusion • Ketu = Descending Node of the Moon: Discontentment, sense of lacking, other-worldliness

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Zodiac Constellations or Rashis The zodiac is a circle of twelve divisions of the ecliptic, the apparent path of the sun during the course of a year. In Vedic Astrology or Jyotisha (the science of light), the constellations are referred to as rashis, meaning ‘heap or cluster’. Each rashi is a “heap” of 30 degrees in the sky.

Ecliptic or Zodiac Belt

Just as grahas are concentrated life forces, so too, the rashis are distinct patterns of vibration in the heavens. They are the archetypal energies through which a graha operates when expressing and manifesting its life force and the lens through which a graha sees and perceives the world. Imagine a church with twelve stained-glass windows, each a different color, size, shape, height and pattern. The rashi placement of a graha in the birth chart shows the particular stained-glass window through which it takes in the light of the outside world as well as through which it shares its own light with others.

In effect, the archetypal energy of a rashi determines the graha’s perception and interpretation of the outside world which, in turn, mutates and modifies the psychology, pattern of behavior and mode of expression of the graha. For example, Aries is a very independent, action oriented, assertive, adventuresome and pioneering rashi. Any graha placed in Aries will be required to modify and adjust its own inherent nature and life force to accommodate the outgoing and dynamic energetics of this rashi.

Each rashi’s energetics has a particular resonance with one of the seven grahas (excluding Rahu and Ketu) and is therefore said to be “governed” or “ruled” by that graha. For example, Aries is ruled by Mangala (Mars) as Mangala is a graha of courage, passion, risk-taking, adventure and competition – all attributes supported by Aries’ own vibration of action, assertiveness, adventure and independence. When Mangala is placed in Aries in the birth chart, his inherent nature is allowed to naturally and fully manifest.

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The following is a list of the twelve rashis in their natural zodiac order, their ruling graha and a brief description of their nature and energetics. (Note that rashis are often referred to by the sequential number only. For example, Virgo is referred to as “6”, for Virgo is the 6th of the 12 rashis. 1. Aries (the Ram), ruled by Mangala (Mars): Independent, action oriented, assertive, adventuresome, pioneering 2. Taurus (the Bull), ruled by Shukra (Venus): Sensuous, nature-loving, wealth-seeking, creative 3. Gemini (the Twins), ruled by Budha (Mercury): Intellectual, inquisitive, versatile, experimental, communicative 4. Cancer (the Crab), ruled by Chandra (Moon): Emotional, nurturing, family oriented, intuitive, warm-hearted 5. Leo (the Lion), ruled by Surya (Sun): High spirited, enthusiastic, independent, dignified, confident 6. Virgo (the Girl), ruled by Budha (Mercury): Intellectual, discriminatory, analytical, detailed, resourceful, self-sufficient 7. Libra (the Scale), ruled by Shukra (Venus): Social, creative, weighing all options, relationship oriented 8. Scorpio (the Scorpion), ruled by Mangala (Mars): Perceptive, probing, investigative, transformative 9. Sagittarius (the Bow), ruled by Guru (Jupiter): Wise, inspirational, enthusiastic, philosophical, spiritual 10. Capricorn (the Sea Creature), ruled by Shani (Saturn): Practical, disciplined, structured, hardworking, business oriented 11. Aquarius (the Water Pitcher), ruled by Shani (Saturn): Futuristic, inventive, scientific, humanitarian 12. Pisces (the Fish), ruled by Guru (Jupiter): Intuitive, compassionate, expansive, merging, spiritual, idealistic

Notice that each graha, other than Surya (Sun) and Chandra (Moon), rule over two rashis: • Surya: Leo • Chandra: Cancer • Mangala: Aries, Scorpio • Budha: Gemini, Virgo • Guru: Sagittarius, Pisces • Shukra: Taurus, Libra • Shani: Capricorn, Aquarius

Each rashi has its peculiar nature and characteristics, as will be discussed in our webinar series.

The rashi rising on the eastern horizon at the time of birth is most important because the newborn infant is powerfully influenced by its nature. It is referred to as the rashi of the Lagna, translated as ‘body.’ The Lagna represents the overall health and vitality of the body.

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Taurus (2) Pisces (12)

(Lagna)

Gemini (3) Aquarius (11)

Aries (1)

Cancer (4) Capricorn (10)

Libra (7) Sagittarius (9) Leo (5)

Virgo (6) Scorpio (8)

Notice in the Aries-ruled Lagna chart above, Aries is shown at the top-center of the birth chart. Each subsequent rashi is mapped in a counterclockwise manner: Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, etc.

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Houses or Bhavas The ecliptic path is divided into 12 segments in the sky. Each segment represents a specific area of life and is referred to as a “bhava”. (Note that each 30-degree segment also corresponds to one of the twelve rashis.) The Sanskrit dictionary defines bhava as “mood” and “state of being”. Hence, each bhava reflects our feelings and attitudes towards specific areas of life. Together, the 12 bhavas encompass the totality of worldly and spiritual existence. They are the chessboard upon which the 9 grahas act out the drama of life.

Beginning with the Lagna (Bhava 1), bhavas are mapped counterclockwise in the birth chart. In the Aries-ruled Lagna chart to the right, notice that bhavas appear in the same counterclockwise manner as the rashis.

However, unlike rashis, the sequence of bhavas is fixed. For example, in our Scorpio-ruled Lagna chart below, the Lagna remains as the center-top bhava in the birth chart. Bhava 2 is always to the immediate left of the Lagna, Bhava 3, to the immediate left of Bhava 2, and so on.

Hence, in both chart examples, the position of the bhavas remains fixed. Because bhava placements do not change from one Lagna to the next, bhava numbers are rarely indicated in the birth chart. Future chart examples will follow this same protocol, showing the rashi numbers only.

This approach is illustrated in our Taurus-ruled Lagna chart to the right. In this example, Gemini, the third rashi of the natural zodiac, rules Bhava 2; Cancer, the fourth rashi, rules Bhava 3; Leo, the fifth rashi, rules Bhava 4, and so on.

Each bhava, along with its Sanskrit name, key areas of life and personal relationships is highlighted below.

Notice in the list below that the abbreviation of a bhava is shown in parenthesis. For example, Bhava 1 is referred to as the “Lagna”, Bhava 2, “2B”, Bhava 3, “3B”, and so on. This abbreviation will be used when referring to a bhava.

Bhava 1 (Lagna), Tanu sthana (place of body): Personality, confidence, self-esteem, mental- emotional make-up. Personal relationship: oneself.

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Bhava 2 (2B), Dhana sthana (place of finances): Material and non-material resources (including cash flow and daily income), food, speech, oral traditions. Personal relationship: extended family.

Bhava 3 (3B), Bhratru sthana (place of brother): Intellect, personal interests and hobbies, skills and talents, sciences, short travels, competitive sports, courage, fortitude. Relationship: siblings, particularly younger siblings.

Bhava 4 (4B), Sukha sthana (place of happiness): Peace of mind, emotional stability and contentment, home and land, formal education. Relationships: mother, family in general.

Bhava 5 (5B), Putra sthana (place of children): Higher intelligence and its creative expression, inclinations of the mind (including educational pursuits), spiritual practices, advising, counseling or instructing others. Relationships: children, students.

Bhava 6 (6B), Shatru sthana (place of enemies): Daily health routines such as exercise and yoga, the effort required to secure sufficient resources, litigation, lawsuits, acute illness and disease. Relationships: enemies, employees.

Bhava 7 (7B), Kalatra sthana (place of wife): Marriage, business partnerships, all contractual relationships. Relationships: spouse, business partners.

Bhava 8 (8B), Mrityu sthana (place of death): Transformation, upheavals, purification, unexpected events, the practice of ancient sampradayas (such as Ayurveda, Jyotisha and Vastu Shastra), esoteric studies, psychology, chronic illness and death. Relationship: spouse’s family (in-laws).

Bhava 9 (9B), Bhagya sthana (place of fortune): Pursuit of wisdom and higher education (i.e., Master’s degree and/or PhD), philosophy, ethics and morals, one’s culture or society, spiritual and religious inclinations, overseas travel. Relationships: teachers, gurus, fathers.

Bhava 10 (10B), Karma sthana (place of action): Career and worldly involvement, rank, prestige, professional status. Relationships: people of authority, such as a boss.

Bhava 11 (11B), Labha sthana (place of acquisition): Mundane aspirations and goals, financial gains, awards of distinction, social status, association with organizations. Relationships: friends, elder siblings.

Bhava 12 (12B), Vyava sthana (place of loss): Liberation, meditative practices, non-for-profit endeavors, pilgrimages or places of spiritual pursuit (monasteries, ashrams, retreats), places of confinement (hospitals, mental wards). Relationship: none.

When a graha is placed in a particular bhava, its focus and attention is directed to the affairs of that bhava. For example, when Guru, the graha of higher education and advance degrees, is placed in the 6B, then the person may have an advanced degree in law (6B represents litigation and lawsuits); medicine (6B represents disease and ill health) or perhaps the desire to learn more about yoga and other self-improvement techniques (also 6B affairs). The ruling rashi also has a say in how

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Guru expresses himself. If the 6B is ruled by Capricorn, a rashi of seriousness, discipline and hard work, then Guru’s expression will be serious, practical and focused in 6B areas of life. If, instead, Pisces (a rashi of compassion and spirituality) rules the 6B, then Guru’s expression will be more lofty, giving and compassionate.

As you can see, the tripod components of the chart: grahas, rashis and bhavas, are in a fluid dance with one another as they influence, mutate and modify our perception, desires and experiences.

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Homework: Application of Concepts It is now time for you to apply the concepts learned in this chapter to your own birth chart. (1) What is the rashi of your Rising Sign or the Lagna?

(2) Are there any grahas placed in your Ascendant?

(3) Which graha rules your Lagna? (Note that the graha ruling your Rising Sign is referred to as the Lagnesha (‘king of the Lagna’) Which bhava and rashi is your Lagnesha placed in?

(4) Which bhava and rashi is Surya placed in?

(5) Which bhava and rashi is Chandra placed in?

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Chapter 3: The Grahas and their Significations

Overview In this chapter, the following attributes of each graha is presented. • Innate characteristics • Key significations • Personality traits and behavior • Relationship representations

Let’s take a few moments to understand the categories that represent a graha’s innate characteristics. Gender: A graha is considered male or female.2 Male grahas are extroverted, active and outwardly focused, while female grahas are introverted, sensitive and reflective.

Planetary cabinet: With the two luminaries, Surya and Chandra, as king and queen, respectively, the other planets: Mangala, Budha, Guru, Shukra, Shani, Rahu and Ketu are assigned various cabinet positions. For instance, Guru is minister to the king, while Mangala is his army commander-in-charge.

Planetary caste: The caste system was established under the Code of Manu. This system is designed to address the different needs of society by assigning various responsibilities based on family lineage. The caste system includes priests and gurus (brahmins), kings and warriors (kshatriyas), people of commerce and trade (vaishyas) and workers (shudras). The caste of a graha indicates its place and function in society. For example, Mangala belongs to the kshatriya caste (warrior class). As a kshatriya, he is responsible for going into battle when needed, defending the homeland and conquering new territories.

Guna: Each graha is aligned with one of the three Ayurvedic gunas: sattva (harmony and balance), rajas (activity and desire) and tamas (ignorance and inertia). The guna of a graha guna indicates its particular mental tendency or inclination.

Dosha: Ayurveda classifies the functions of the human body according to three doshas: vata (air/ether), pitta (fire/water) and kapha (water/earth). Each person is born with a specific ratio of vata, pitta and kapha, giving them a unique physiological and psychological make-up. The dosha of a graha is often used to confirm a person’s major dosha.

Inherent nature: A graha is either papa (i.e., harsh, difficult, cruel, sharp) or shubha (gentle, considerate, kind, giving). We will use interchangeably the terms ‘papa’ and ‘subha’ with ‘malefic’ and ‘benefic’, respectively. Although certain grahas are considered papa in Jyotisha, we need malefics as much as we do benefics, for they motivate us to achieve in the world (Surya), imbue us with ambition, energy and drive to accomplish our goals (Mangala) and incent us to persevere and work hard to make it through life’s challenges (Shani).

2 The ancient astrological scriptures often consider the grahas as male and the lunar constellations (nakshatras) as female. This is in contrast to later astrological texts in which each graha is assigned one of three genders: male, female or neuter. 17 | P a g e

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In addition to innate characteristics, each graha has multiple roles and functions, which include: • Key significations • Personality traits and behavior • Relationship representations

For example, Budha is the key signification for short travels, books, libraries, green plants and playgrounds. Budha also represents that aspect of our personality traits and behvior which has to do with innate intelligence and ability to be objective and logical in our decision-making. Lastly, Budha represents our relationship with friends.

As part of a graha’s key significations, we will consider: Week-day: Each graha lords over one of the seven days of the week. For instance, Surya rules over Sunday, the first day of the week, and Chandra, Monday, the second day of the week. Importantly, the ruling graha of the day energizes that day with its nature and attributes.

Planetary colors: The color of a graha highlights its life force and allies it with various animate and inanimate objects. For example, the hot and passionate blood-red color belongs to Mangala and hence, Mangala also rules over passion, anger and the red blood cells in our body.

Gems: The vibrational frequencies of certain gems correspond with that of the nine grahas. For example, Surya’s vibration is similar to that of rubies, Shukra’s, to diamonds, and so on. When we wear a particular gemstone, it accentuates the energetics of that graha in our daily life. For example, if one wears a diamond ring, his/her sensual nature (Shukra’s life force) becomes heightened.

Medical significations: Each graha represents certain body organs and functions. Although useful when practicing medicall astrology, such information also aids in understanding a graha’s significations. For example, Surya rules the heart, the most important organ in the body. We could deduce from this that Surya also represents our overall vitality and health.

In the following sections, iur discussion of the innate characteristics and key significations of each graha is followed by a review of the graha’s personality traits and behavior and its relationship representation (people represented by the graha).

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Surya (Sun) Innate characteristics Gender: male Planetary cabinet: king Planetary caste: kshatriya (warrior class) Guna: sattva Dosha: pitta Inherent nature: Although Surya does not qualify as a papa graha, he is considered a krura (mild malefic) graha. It might be hard to imagine how Surya, the graha of the Soul, is a krura graha, but consider his nature. As the center of the universe, Surya values his independence and self- sufficiency, never wanting to burden others with his needs or requirements. His tendency towards independence, the intensity of his heat and his ability to be blinding in his brightness, can harm the relationship representations associated with his bhava placement. Hence, in this way, Surya’s nature is said to be krura (midly harmful).

Key significations Day of week: Sunday Color: copper-red Gems: rubies, garnets Kala Purusha (medicall significations): heart, circulation, ashti dhatu (skeletal system)

Personality traits and behavior Surya is the masculine, expressive principle in the universe. He represents our strength of character and confidence, our ability to project ourselves in the outer world, our overall health and vitality as well as our ability to overcome illness and disease. He is that part of us which takes pride in achievement and enjoys recognition and honor from others. Surya is a graha of leadership and vision whose inherent nature is to shine his luminous light upon others.

As the soul, Surya indicates our spiritual aspirations, the importance we place on living a purposeful life and our willingness to seek out our true Self.

Relationship representations Father and people of authority

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Homework: Application of Concepts (1) Think about the individuals in your life – friends, family, business associates or classmates. Based on the personality traits discussed during the webinar session on Surya, which individuals display strong Surya traits? What specific Surya traits are prominent in their personality? When meeting people for the first time over the next several weeks, notice if they are “Surya-type” individuals and/or if they display Surya-type actions or thoughts.

Example A: My friend Jenna is constantly receiving recognition for her actions at work, has natural leadership skills and a great deal of confidence.

Example B: Yesterday I met Ms. Sales at a business meeting. I consider her a Surya-type individual as she has a firm handshake, walked tall and upright, had an air of dignity about her and projected her thoughts and ideas with authority and confidence during our meeting.

(2) Over the next few days, pay attention to the animate and inanimate objects (i.e., plants, animals, places, buildings, cars, furniture, pictures, etc.) around you. Which ones would you assign to Surya’s rulership, and why?

3. Why is Surya considered a kshatriya?

4. What Surya-like qualities/actions apply to you?

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Chandra (Moon) Innate characteristics Gender: female Planetary cabinet: queen Planetary caste: vaishya (commerce class) Guna: sattva Dosha: kapha/vata Inherent nature: subha (benefic), as her nature is to care and nurture others

Key significations Week day: Monday Color: white Gems: pearls, moonstone Kala Purusha (medicall significations): womb, breasts, rasa dhatu (white blood cells, lymphatic system)

Personality traits and behavior Chandra is the female, receptive principle in the universe. She represents the emotional mind whose function is to attach feelings and emotions to our experiences in the world. Such feelings and emotions ultimately define our perception of life.

Chandra is highly impressionable and changeable in nature. She is the graha of nurturance, familiar love and emotional security.

Relationship representation Mother and motherly-type relationships

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Homework: Application of Concepts 1. Think about the individuals in your life – friends, family, business associates or classmates. Based on the personality traits discussed during the webinar session on Chandra, which individuals display strong Chandra traits? What specific Chandra traits are prominent in their personality? When meeting people for the first time over the next several weeks, notice if they are “Chandra-type” individuals and/or if they display Chandra-type actions or thoughts.

Example A: My friend Tom sponsors a charity event every Monday, offering free white rice and milk to the homeless. The charity reaches out to others in need in a very loving and caring manner.

Example B: I recently started working the night shift where I met Elisa. Elisa had many Chandra characteristics, including a soft round figure and a very nurturing and caring personality. In her motherly way, Elisa is always putting the needs of others before her own.

2. Over the next few days, pay attention to the animate and inanimate objects (i.e. plants, animals, places, buildings, cars, furniture, pictures, etc.) around you. Which ones would you assign to Chandra’s rulership, and why?

3. Why is Chandra considered a vaishya?

4. What Chandra-like qualities/actions apply to you?

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Mangala (Mars) Innate characteristics Gender: male Planetary cabinet: army commander-in-chief Planetary caste: kshatriya (warrior) Guna: tamas Dosha: pitta Inherent nature: papa (malefic). Mangala is a hot graha like Surya, but his heat is more intense and scorching! His papa characteristics are display as aggression, pushiness and a constant need to use force or power to achieve his ambitions in life.

Key significations Week day: Tuesday Color: blood red Gems: red coral Kala Purusha (medicall significations): Mangala’s color is blood red and thus he lords over the rakta dhatu (blood cells). Other medicall significations include the arms and adrenal medulla (whose function is to cause a “fight or flight” reaction in intense situations).

Personality traits and behavior Mangala is the vital energy principle that is passionate, outgoing and active. He represents our will power and provides the mental capacity for deep insight and inquiry, as well as courage on both an inner and outer level. He gives us strength to take on challenges in life and the courage to stand our ground. His inherent nature is one of assertiveness, impulsiveness and competitiveness.

Due to his great passion and willpower, Mangala tends to have little interest in compromise or consensus-building, choosing instead to do things his way. He is truly the individualist amongst the grahas, cherishing his autonomy and, at times, appearing a bit self-focused. But, well, it’s not his job to nourish, merge and accommodate others . . . that is a job for Shukra. In terms of yogic path, Mangala’s is that of Hatha Yoga, the yoga which develops the strength and stamina of the body.

“Virtis” is the essential quality of something, its fundamental essence or expression. Just as the virtis of a lion is to roar and that of Surya, to shine, the virti of Mangala is to defend and protect. Thus, this graha is regarded as the commander-in-chief amongst the grahas, exercising great courage and willingness to go into battle, always defending and protecting those things which are important to him.

Relationship representations Siblings and enemies

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Homework: Application of Concepts 1. Think about the individuals in your life – friends, family, business associates or classmates. Based on the personality traits discussed during the webinar session on Mangala, which individuals display strong Mangala traits? What specific Mangala traits are prominent in their personality? When meeting people for the first time over the next several weeks, notice if they are “Mangala-type” individuals and/or if they display Mangala-type actions or thoughts.

Example A: My dog was very courageous this past weekend as he jumped quickly into the lake to save my friend Elliott who, although very strong and athletic, had become exhausted after swimming for more than 2 hours.

Example B: I met Joe at our neighborhood bar last night to watch a wrestling match on TV. Shortly after our third glass of whisky, the man next to us suddenly became confrontational. Before long, we were in a brawl; each of us ending up with multiple cuts and scrapes.

2. Over the next few days, pay attention to the animate and inanimate objects (i.e. plants, animals, places, buildings, cars, furniture, pictures, etc.) around you. Which ones would you assign to Mangala’s rulership, and why?

3. Why is Mangala considered a kshatriya?

4. What are some of Mangala’s tamasic qualities?

5. What Mangala-like qualities/actions apply to you?

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Budha (Mercury) Innate characteristics Gender: neuter Planetary cabinet: prince Planetary caste: vaishya (commerce class) Guna: rajas Dosha: tri-doshic (a balance of all three doshas) Inherent nature: subha (benefic), as his nature is one of objectivity, intelligence and proper communication with others. He is considered a subha graha who is fair and balanced in nature.

Key significations Week day: Wednesday Color: green Gems: emerald, jade Kala Purusha (medicall significations): Majja dhatu (nervous system), the functions of the left- brain (thought, discrimination, rationalization), respiratory system, skin, and hands.

Personality traits and behavior Budha is the intellect as well as the ability to communicate with others, be it through writing, speaking or teaching. It is Budha who gives us the ability to know, deduce and use facts in an impartial and impersonal way. He loves nothing more than to put his knowledge to practical use by developing tangible skills and talents that can be applied in the real world.

This graha is versatile and curious, always willing to experiment with new ideas and concepts and in constant need of diversity and change. This provides him maximum flexibility and, coupled with his intelligence, provides great adeptness in commerce and enterprise. (Recall that Budha belongs to the Vaishya or commerce caste in society.) Budha is also the graha of short travels and journeys. His yogic path is Mantra Yoga, the yoga of sacred prayers and sounds for Budha is speech and words.

Relationship representation Friends, neighbors, students

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Jyotisha Ayurveda 101

Homework: Application of Concepts 1. Think about the individuals in your life – friends, family, business associates or classmates. Based on the personality traits discussed during the webinar session on Budha, which individuals display strong Budha traits? What specific Surya traits are prominent in their personality? When meeting people for the first time over the next several weeks, notice if they are “Budha-type” individuals and/or if they display Budha-type actions or thoughts.

Example A: My dad, a perpetual student, constantly has his head buried in books and is always attending local classes. For example, this coming month he is attending a lecture on mudras, which is the use of the hands to form sacred or symbolic gestures.

Example B: After reading a travel brochure on Europe, I asked a local travel agent for her suggestions on an itinerary. Knowing that I was interested in opening an organic restaurant, she suggested that I spend some time experimenting with different regional foods while traveling in Europe.

2. Over the next few days, pay attention to the animate and inanimate objects (i.e. plants, animals, places, buildings, cars, furniture, pictures, etc.) around you. Which ones would you assign to Budha’s rulership, and why?

3. Why is Budha considered a vaishya?

4. What are some of Budha’s rajasic qualities?

5. What Budha-like qualities/actions apply to you?

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Guru (Jupiter) Innate characteristics Gender: male Planetary cabinet: minister Planetary caste: brahmin Guna: sattva Dosha: kapha Inherent nature: subha (benefic), as Guru’s inherent nature is one of optimism, hope, wisdom and understanding.

Key significations Week day: Thursday Color: golden yellow Gems: topaz, citrine Kala Purusha (medicall significations): Guru represents the largest organ in the body, the liver. He also rules the meda dhatu (fat).

Personality traits and behavior Guru is associated with wisdom. He is the greatest benefic of all the grahas as his life force is that of generosity, kindness, open-mindedness, justice and fairness. Guru provides upliftment, optimism and idealism in life and represents our pursuit of higher learning, including the study of religion, spirituality and philosophy. As the graha of morality and ethics, He is orthodox and aims to live within the laws of society.

“Guru” means “Dispeller of Darkness”, as it is Guru’s brilliant light of truth and wisdom that removes the darkness of ignorance. His yogic path is Jnana Yoga, the path of higher understanding and wisdom.

Relationship representation Gurus, children

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Homework: Application of Concepts 1. Think about the individuals in your life – friends, family, business associates or classmates. Based on the personality traits discussed during the webinar session on Guru, which individuals display strong Guru traits? What specific Surya traits are prominent in their personality? When meeting people for the first time over the next several weeks, notice if they are “Guru-type” individuals and/or if they display Guru-type actions or thoughts.

Example A: My next door neighbor is a very religious man who often preaches about the benefit of prayer in times of difficulty. His sermons, always uplifting in nature, fill us with hope and enthusiasm.

Example B: Last Thursday, I met for the first time my daughter’s college philosophy professor. He praised my daughter for her expansive knowledge of the Greek philosophers and commented on his own deep love for philosophy and higher wisdom.

2. Over the next few days, pay attention to the animate and inanimate objects (i.e. plants, animals, places, buildings, cars, furniture, pictures, etc.) around you. Which ones would you assign to Guru’s rulership, and why?

3. Why is Guru considered a brahmin?

4. What are some of Guru’s sattvic qualities?

5. What Guru-like qualities/actions apply to you?

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Shukra (Venus) Innate characteristics Gender: female Planetary cabinet: minister Planetary caste: brahmin Guna: rajas Dosha: kapha-vata Inherent nature: suhba (benefic), as her nature is one of happiness, joy, harmony, love and creativity. She is generous, giving and loving in nature.

Key significations Week day: Friday Color: light pink Gems: diamonds, clear quartz Kala Purusha (medicall significations): urinary system (i.e. bladder, kidneys, ureter and urethra), shukra and artava dhatus (reproductive system, including. seminal fluid, ovaries, uterus and prostate), hormonal system and sense organs.

Personality traits and behavior As the brightest and most beautiful star in the night sky, Shukra represents beauty and creativity in all forms and brings sweetness, love and devotion into our lives. It is her life force that consumes us in our never ending quest for happiness, pleasure, physical comforts and luxuries. She is the graha of sensuality and, lording over love, represents romance and pleasures of the bed. She imbues us with creative talents such as dancing, singing, painting, photography, etc.

In her capacity as a brahmin (teacher), Shukra is the teacher of sastra (ancient texts). Shukra represents the yogic path of bhakti.

Relationship representation Spouse

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Homework: Application of Concepts 1. Think about the individuals in your life – friends, family, business associates or classmates. Based on the personality traits discussed during the webinar session on Shukra, which individuals display strong Shukra traits? What specific Surya traits are prominent in their personality? When meeting people for the first time over the next several weeks, notice if they are “Shukra-type” individuals and/or if they display Shukra-type actions or thoughts.

Example A: Gregory, a Hari-Krsna for many years, is extremely devotional in his spiritual practice, often spending hours at a time singing love songs to the Lords and Goddesses as he plays the harp.

Example B: Anxious to find a significant other in my life, I decided to join Match.com. In less than 24 hours, I had received over 30 pictures of different men interested in dating. Preferring someone with a creative flair, I selected Paul, an interior decorator who works evenings as a striptease artist.

2. Over the next few days, pay attention to the animate and inanimate objects (i.e. plants, animals, places, buildings, cars, furniture, pictures, etc.) around you. Which ones would you assign to Shukra’s rulership, and why?

3. Why is Shukra considered a brahmin?

4. What are some of Shukra’s rajasic qualities?

5. What Shukra-like qualities/actions apply to you?

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Shani (Saturn) Innate characteristics Gender: neuter Planetary cabinet: servant Planetary caste: sudra Guna: tamas Dosha: vata Inherent nature: papa (malefic), as Shani is the graha of grief, sadness, hard work, isolation and separation. He is renowned for bringing loss, loneliness and suffering into our lives and his nature can be cold, detached and calculating.

Key significations Week day: Saturday Color: dark blue Gems: dark blue sapphire, lapis lazuli Kala Purusha (medicall significations): Shani represents the mamsa dhatu (muscle tissue) as weel as the knees, legs, teeth, tendons and cartilage. As the main vata graha, his rulership includes all major vata sites in the body, including the large intestine and colon (thus ruling over the function of elimination).

Personality traits and behavior Shani represents our ability and willingness to accept responsibility and honor our obligations in life. He imbues us with patience, caution, detachment and the ability to be of service to others. However, in his desire to have us focus in life, Shani presents delays, obstacles, struggles and suffering. His gifts include the skill of administration and organization.

Likened to Lord Shiva, the Destroyer amognst the Hindu Trinity, Shani removes those things in life which no longer serve our higher self. And, like Lord Shiva who is able to perform impossible penances lasting thousands of years, Shani is a master ascetic. He is a graha capable of renunciation and detachment through spiritual practices, such as fasting, meditation and selfless service. Karma yoga is Shani’s yogic path.

Relationship representations: Elderly

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Homework: Application of Concepts 1. Think about the individuals in your life – friends, family, business associates or classmates. Based on the personality traits discussed during the webinar session on Shani, which individuals display strong Shani traits? What specific Surya traits are prominent in their personality? When meeting people for the first time over the next several weeks, notice if they are “Shani-type” individuals and/or if they display Shani-type actions or thoughts.

Example A: Annie, a very Shani-type person, spends hours alone each day in meditation, withdrawn from her friends and family. She is very serious and totally committed to her spiritual practices.

Example B: John, a tall, thin man, moves extremely slowly and is very frugal. He has always reminded me to take my responsibilities and commitments in life seriously and his own life is an excellent example of the yogic path of renunciation.

Example C: The president of the U.S. Miner’s Association is very dedicated to the employees working for him. However, as a strict disciplinarian, he imposes numerous rules and regulations on them.

2. Over the next few days, pay attention to the animate and inanimate objects (i.e. plants, animals, places, buildings, cars, furniture, pictures, etc.) around you. Which ones you might assign to Shani’s rulership, and why?

3. Why is Shani considered a sudra?

4. What are some of Shani’s tamasic qualities?

5. Which Shani-like qualities/actions do you have?

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Chapter 4: Bhava Classifications

Introduction In this chapter, the following bhava classifications are discussed.

Kendras, called Vishnu sthanas, are pillars of the birth chart Trikonas, called Lakshmi sthanas, are places of fortune and grace Upachaya sthanas are places of effort and struggle leading to improvement Dusthanas are places of obstruction and destruction

Kendras, Vishnu Sthanas Kendras are the cornerstones of the Vedic birth chart. Notice in the chart below that kendras are twice as large as the other bhavas. Because they are such important pillars of life, the kendras are called Vishnu sthanas (places of Vishnu). Vishnu is the Hindu Lord who supports and maintains our material existence.

Figure 1: Kendras of the Birth Chart

The 1st kendra (Lagna) is that space of sky that is rising on the eastern horizon at the time of birth. It represents the all-important Lagna—one’s self-identity and sense of individuality. The Lagna also shows the overall physical and psychological orientation of the individual.

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The 2nd kendra (4B) is the rashi directly below the earth―that portion of the sky that is most invisible at the time of birth. This kendra represents our private home and family life. Its cardinal direction is north.

The 3rd kendra (7B), referred to as the descendant, is that space of sky on the western horizon, opposite to where the sun rises (Lagna). The west is where we allow the light of others to enter our life, so intimate bonds can be formed.

Lastly, the 4th kendra (10B) is the area directly overhead at the time of birth. It is the zenith or mid- heaven—the highest and most visible portion of the sky. Its cardinal direction is south. The 4th kendra represents our engagement in the outer world, where our actions are visible to others. It is considered the strongest of the four kendras, for grahas placed here dominate the visible sky at the time of birth.

Trikonas, Lakshmi Sthanas Trikonas, or Lakshmi sthanas, include the Lagna, 5B and 9B of the birth chart. Shri Lakshmi is the goddess of divine grace, luck and good fortune, making these trikonas auspicious. The trikona bhavas are considered dharmic bhavas.

The Lagna is specific to our sva (self) dharma or daily path and purpose. It reflects our dharmic responsibility to ourselves. Notice that the Lagna is both a kendra and trikona. As such it is doubly auspicious. The 5B is the place of purva punya (past life virtues), or merits that are available in this lifetime. These merits include innate creative gifts and inborn intelligence. The bhagya sthana (place of fortune) 9B holds the promise of fortune and wisdom. The 9B is also our higher purpose in life.

Upachayas, Sthanas of Effort The 3B, 6B, 10B and 11B are the upachayas of the birth chart. Upachaya means ‘to increase, gather or accumulate’. It takes time and effort for the affairs of these bhavas to grow and flourish. Notice that the upachaya 10B is also a kendra. Hence, this all-important mid-heaven bhava is primarily a kendra and secondarily an upachaya bhava.

The 3B represents our intellect, courage, motivation and sense of adventure. It is the effort we make in pursuing personal desires and the strength and vigor with which we approach life. It typically takes time and experience to develop the courage to go after the things that are important to us. For this reason, the 3B

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Jyotisha Ayurveda 101 is an upachaya bhava.

The 6B represents our ability to overcome hardships such as lawsuits, debt, disease, enemies or competitors. We need fortitude and hard work to overcome these adversities, and indeed, the 6B is considered the most challenging of the upachaya bhavas.

The 10B shows our impact on the world and our professional life. Since it takes time and effort to establish a career, the 10B is an upachaya bhava. Yet, as a kendra and the mid-heaven of the birth chart, the 10B is the mildest of the upachaya bhavas.

The 11B shows our greatest worldly aspirations and our ability to access the higher echelons of society. Accomplishment of such grand aspirations requires determination and maturity. Hence, the 11B is an upachaya bhava. The 11B is a superb placement for papa and shubha grahas alike, since grahas placed here are imbued with drive and ambition.

Dusthanas, Sthanas of Obstruction We have seen that the kendras (Vishnu sthanas) are the cornerstones of the birth chart: Lagna, 4B, 7B, 10B. The dharmic trikonas, Lagna, 5B and 9B, also called Lakshmi sthanas, give a sense of higher purpose and bring fortune, wisdom and grace. The upachayas represent important areas which require time and persistent effort for maturation: 3B, 6B, 11B and, secondarily, 10B.

Lastly are the dusthana bhavas: 3B, 6B, 8B and 12B. Dusthana means ‘suffering’ or ‘unhappiness’. The dusthana bhavas create difficulties, obstacles, grief and loss.

The 3B is a mild dusthana, for it represents many positive things such as courage, motivation, initiative, skills and intelligence. However, the 3B promotes change, and change can be stressful. For this reason, the 3B is considered a mild dusthana.

The 6B is a dusthana because of its ability to create struggles. It brings conflict, debt, enemies and disease. With its dusthana and upachaya nature, this bhava gives a double whammy. Hence, the 6B is a place of stress, worry and anxiety. Great personal exertion and will power are required to overcome the hurdles presented by the 6B.

The dusthana aspect of the 8B relates to chronic disease, death, sudden upheavals and crises. It is also a place of fears and phobias. Yet, the 8B provides deep insight and supports transformational processes that inspire us to rise above the mundane world.

Lastly, the 12B is a place of loss, expenditure and wasting. As a dusthana bhava, it has the ability to remove things from our life. The last of the 12 bhavas, the 12B represents transcendence and

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Jyotisha Ayurveda 101 spiritual liberation. Despite the mundane challenges of this bhava, its moksha (spiritual liberation) nature promotes spiritual development and growth.

The challenges and adversities associated with the 6B, 8B and 12B earn these bhavas the special designation “trik-dusthanas”. (Recall that the 3B is a mild dusthana.)

Positive and Negative Bhavas The kendras and trikonas are considered “positive” bhavas, for their affairs are auspicious. In contrast, the upachayas, and particularly the trik-dusthanas, are seen as “negative” bhavas, as their affairs are difficult and challenging. Notice in the chart below that the 2B does not fall within any of the classifications. This bhava is a “neutral” bhava.

Figure 2: Bhava Classifications

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Chapter 5: The 12 Bhavas

Overview The affairs, fields of activity and live significations of the twelve bhavas will be expanded upon in this chapter. • Sanskrit Name and Meaning • Trinal Bhava Relationship (Four Aims of Life) ▪ Dharma ▪ Artha ▪ Kama ▪ Moksha • Quadrant Bhava Relationship ▪ Kendra ▪ Upachaya ▪ Dusthana • Areas of Life • Live Significations • Kala Purusha Significations (medicall significations)

The placement of a graha in a particular bhava provides a channel for the expression of the graha’s energy and significations and colors how a person experiences the bhava’s affairs. For example, the 4B represents our early home environment and relationship with our mother. If Shukra occupies the 4B, then we experience our home environment and relationship with our mother through Shukra’s vibration of beauty, joy, love and happiness. As the graha of creativity, Shukra’s placement in the 4B indicate a creative flair for decorating and beautifying the home – perhaps the person becomes an interior designer by profession. In each of the following graha sections, an illustration is provided showing how a graha influences the affairs of the bhava and, likewise, how the bhava effects the inclinations and desires of the graha.

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1st Bhava: Tanu Sthana

Sanskrit Name: Tanu Sthana (Bhava of the Body) Trinal Bhava Relationship (Aim in Life): Dharma Quadrant Bhava Relationship: Kendra (Eastern direction), Rising Sign, Ascendant, Lagna

Areas of Life: The 1B (Lagna) is the single most important bhava in the entire chart. It is our swa-dharma or daily purpose in life. The 1B (Lagna) endows us with our unique personality and indicates how we express ourselves to others in the world. It shows our vitality, enthusiasm, self-esteem and confidence and provides us status, honor and fame. As the Tanu bhava, the 1B (Lagna) represents our physical form – the body, its appearance and physical strength – and our state of health and ability to resist disease.

Live Significations: You

Kala Purusha (medical significations): The 1B (Lagna) is the overall physical structure and appearance of the person, as well as the strength of his constitution. It is specific to the top of the forehead, brain and skull.

Example of grahas in the 1B (Lagna) Shani: Introspective as a child, the person with Shani in the 1B (Lagna) is serious, reserved, down-to-earth, reliable, patient and cautious. As Shani’s nature is to delay and cause obstacles, the person may have had a late start in life or some early setbacks with his sense of confidence and self-esteem. However, she eventually comes into her own power and, confident in who she is, completely projects herself in the outer world. In terms of physical appearance, the person may be tall, large-boned and/or thin (Shani’s characteristics).

Homework: Application of Concepts 1. Compare and contrast how Guru or Surya in the Lagna affects a person’s self-esteem. What personality traits and attributes would be evident in their personality?

2. Are any grahas placed in the Lagna in your birth chart? If so, describe the nature of each graha and how it manifests in your personality, vitality and heath.

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2nd Bhava: Dhana Sthana

Sanskrit Name: Dhana Sthana (Bhava of Finances) Trinal Bhava Relationship (Aim in Life): Artha Quadrant Bhava Relationship: Neutral

Areas of Life: The 2B is our desire for self-sufficiency and the ability to provide for ourselves out of our own resources. It represents our net worth, income, liquid assets, the gathering and holding of resources (both material and non-material) and the desire for financial security. As the mouth of the Kala Purusha, the 2B is associated with oral traditions, such as Sanskrit, Jyotish and Ayurveda. It represents everything having to do with the mouth – what we put into our mouth (food, drink, drugs and taste preferences) and what comes out of our mouth (truthful or untruthful words and speech).

Live Significations: Extended family (including domestic harmony)

Kala Purusha (medical significations): The face and the sense organs and the entire oral cavity including the lips, tongue and teeth

Example of grahas in the 2B Shani: As the graha of responsibility and commitment, Shani takes to heart his 2B responsibilities of providing for himself and his family. However, as an artha bhava indicating one’s earnings capacity, the person encounters delays in becoming self-sufficient and/or his earnings are inadequate until later in life. Representing older or historical things, Shani may give an interest in ancient oral traditions of various cultures and/or ancient languages (2B is the bhava of speech and language). As the bhava of food and nutrition, the person’s diet tends to be suboptimal or of minimal nutritional value (i.e. may include stale, fermented, frozen or fast foods). However, this is an excellent placement for the spiritual practice of fasting. Shani may cause obstruction, delay or denial of a supportive family life and/or perhaps physical distance and separation from the family.

Homework: Application of Concepts 1. Compare and contrast the placement of Budha and Mangala in the 2B. What is the nature of the person’s speech, the type of food they eat and the level of effort and importance they place on securing personal resources?

2. Are any grahas placed in the 2B of your birth chart? If so, describe how each graha colors your experience of this bhava’s affairs (i.e. your speech, diet, income, family harmony, etc.).

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3rd Bhava: Bhratru Sthana

Sanskrit Name: Bhratru Sthana (Bhava of Brother) Trinal Bhava Relationship (Aim in Life): Kama Quadrant Bhava Relationship: Upachaya

Areas of Life: The 3B, forming the 1st corner of the kama triangle, represents our interests, hobbies and curiosities in life. As such, it applies its upachaya nature of motivation, courage, determination and stamina towards obtaining personal desires. The 3B is our mental capacity and the quality of our intellect and is a bhava of commerce and entrepreneurship. It is the hands and arms of the Kala Purusha, thereby indicating skills and talents with the hands, making this bhava strong in the charts of artists, sculptors, jewelry makers, musicians and crafters (i.e. knitters, potters, seamstresses, etc.). The 3B shows our interaction with our neighbors and our adeptness in communication and writing.

Live Significations: Siblings, especially younger siblings, sisterly/brotherly type friendships, neighbors

Kala Purusha (medical significations): Ears, throat, neck, shoulders, arms and hands

Example of grahas in the 3B Mangala: Mangala in the 3B provides a great deal of drive, courage and push in life. The person enthusiastically and eagerly goes after his desires, letting nothing get in his way. Although there are creative aspects to this bhava, the person is more likely to be drawn towards the competitive energy of the 3B, actively engaging in sports and enjoying adventure-seeking activities. As the bhava of siblings, the person experiences rivalry, competition or combativeness in their relationship with siblings.

Homework: Application of Concepts 1. Compare and contrast the placement of Chandra and Surya in the 3B. What are the type of interests, curiosities and skills of the person? What is the difference in their communication skills and interaction with siblings?

2. Are any grahas placed in the 3B of your birth chart? If so, describe how each graha colors your experience of this bhava’s affairs (i.e. your interests, types of skills, courage, communication, relationship with siblings, etc.). How will each graha express its live and non-live significations due to its placement in the 3B?

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4th Bhava: Sukha Bhava

Sanskrit Name: Sukha Bhava (Bhava of Happiness) Trinal Bhava Relationship (Aim in Life): Moksha Quadrant Bhava Relationship: Kendra (Northern direction)

Areas of Life: The 4B reflects our emotional happiness and self-contentment, psychological stability and emotional receptivity. As a bhava of the emotional body, the 4B indicates our innermost sense of security and peace of mind which comes from having a nurturing home and supportive environment. As such, it reflects our early family environment that molded our psychological outlook in life and represents our home and the land it is built on. It is often considered the bhava of inherited tendencies or family genetics. Lastly, the 4B is also a bhava of education.

Live Significations: Mother, ancestors, community

Kala Purusha (medical significations): Thorax, diaphragm, breasts

Example of grahas in the 4B Mangala: With Mangala in the 4B of the birth chart, the person directs energy and enthusiasm towards projects and initiatives around their home, seeks adventure in events close to his immediate environment and becomes involved with the acquisition of homes/properties, perhaps becoming a realtor or land developer by trade. As Mangala is a very independent graha, the person desires a fair amount of autonomy in his home life and his relationship with his mother may, at times, be confrontational and argumentative.

Homework: Application of Concepts 1. Compare and contrast the placement of Shukra and Surya in the 4B. What type of creative talents will Shukra develop? How might Surya want to shine around the home? What is the person’s emotional outlook in life and their ability and desire to receive and give love and nurturance? What is the nature of their relationship with their mother?

2. Are any grahas placed in the 4B of your birth chart? If so, describe how each graha colors your experience of this bhava’s affairs (i.e. your emotional receptivity, early family environment, home, relationship with your mother, etc.). How will each graha express its live and non-live significations due to its placement in the 4B?

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5th Bhava: Putra Sthana

Sanskrit Name: Putra Sthana (Bhava of Children) Trinal Bhava Relationship (Aim in Life): Dharma Quadrant Bhava Relationship: None

Areas of Life: The 5B is our ability for right judgment and represents our buddhi, or innate creative intelligence, and the inclinations of the mind. Whereas the 3B represents our interest in music, art, writing, etc., the 5B shows our talents in such areas and includes theater. It is our capacity to merge our individual intelligence with that of the divine, thereby indicating the nature of our spiritual practices, including prayer, mantra, puja and other devotional practices. As a bhava of advice and counsel, the 5B shows our talents and skills in teaching, as well as our relationship with our students.

It is a bhava of purva punya (past-life good credits), indicating past-life gifts and talents we bring with us for use in this life. A Lakshmi sthana, the 5B graces our life with good fortune and wealth, including gains from risk-taking ventures, i.e. speculation and gambling.

Live Significations: Children, students, romantic relationships, Ishta Devata (personal Lord or Goddess)

Kala Purusha (medical significations): Heart and upper abdomen (foregut), including the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas

Example of grahas in the 5B Various: As the bhava of spiritual practices, grahas in the 5B indicative a person’s ishta devata (i.e. personal lord or goddess). Correlated with the Vedic Lords and Goddesses, the individual may be inclined towards the worship of Sri Rama (Surya), Lord Krsna (Chandra); Lord Hanuman (Mangala); Lord Vishnu (Budha); Lord Ganesa (Guru); Sri Lakshmi (Shukra) or Lord Shiva (Shani).

Homework: Application of Concepts 1. Compare and contrast the placement of Guru and Chandra in the 5B. What are the person’s creative talents? What type of spiritual practice might they be inclined towards? How do they experience their relationship with their children and/or students?

2. Are any grahas placed in the 5B of your birth chart? If so, describe how each graha colors your experience of this bhava’s affairs (i.e. your creative intelligence, inclinations of the mind, spiritual practices, teaching style, desire to engage in risk-taking ventures, etc.). How will each graha express its live and non-live significations due to its placement in the 5B?

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6th Bhava: Shatru Sthana

Sanskrit Name: Shatru Sthana (Bhava of Enemies) Trinal Bhava Relationship (Aim in Life): Artha Quadrant Bhava Relationship: Upachaya; Dusthana

Areas of Life: The 6B is where we work to improve our daily conditions and encounter difficulties and adversities, such as financial debt, lawsuits and legal settlements. It includes individuals who represent obstacles in our life such as enemies, opponents or competitors, as well as health challenges (accidents, wounds, injury, disease and illness). Although not directly connected with healing, its association with disease links this bhava to the healing arts (healers, doctors, massage therapists, dietitians and rehabilitation therapists). Because the 6B demands that we improve our life through our own means, it represents our daily routines, including dietary regimes, and is associated with self-improvement techniques.

The 6B represents relationships that are formed out of necessity, duty or responsibility versus 7B relationships based on kama, or desire. As such, it is the bhava of unequal partnerships, representing all relationships in which one person is subservient to the other. This makes it the bhava of servants, employees and pets.

Live Significations: Enemies, competitors, employees, servants, pets

Kala Purusha (medical significations): Small intestines, appendix, large intestines, kidneys

Example of grahas in the 6B Shani: If Shani is placed in the 6B, the person must work hard in their daily life to make progress and to see improvements in their living conditions. But as an upachaya bhava, when the person consistently applies himself, he eventually overcomes the hurdles and challenges of this bhava. Shani provides the tenacity to defeat and rise above enemies and competitors. As the graha of service, Shani’s placement in the 6B often inclines a person towards careers involved in the healing fields, service industry or elderly care (Shani represents elders).

Homework: Application of Concepts 1. Compare and contrast the placement of Shukra and Mangala in the 6B. As an artha bhava, what type of skills or talents does the person apply to their profession? How much effort are they willing to exert towards improving their life situation and overcoming opponents and competitors?

2. Are any grahas placed in the 6B of your birth chart? If so, describe how each graha colors your experience of this bhava’s affairs (i.e. difficulties and adversities, interest in the healing fields, types of competitors, etc.). How will each graha express its live and non-live significations due to its placement in the 6B?

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7th Bhava: Kalatra Sthana

Sanskrit Name: Kalatra Sthana (Bhava of Wife) Trinal Bhava Relationship (Aim in Life): Kama Quadrant Bhava Relationship: Kendra (Western direction)

Areas of Life: As a bhava of relationship kama, the 7B represents our desire to fulfill our needs and wants in life through others, making this the bhava of intimate relationships, spouse and marriage. The 7B shows the manner in which we experience others and the energy we attract through close relationships. Reflecting committed and/or contractual relationships, the 7B includes business partners and professional relationships.

Live Significations: Marriage partners, client-professional partnerships, contractual partnerships, business relationships

Kala Purusha (medical significations): Rectum, lower urinary tract, uterus, ovaries and testes, prostate gland

Example of grahas in the 7B Chandra: When Chandra occupies the 7B of the birth chart, emotional comfort, happiness and inner peace of mind is sought through marriage and intimate relationships with others. The person experiences a deep emotional connection with their spouse, sharing their innermost feelings with him/her. However, Chandra is a fast, changeable and fickle graha whose 7B placement may create issues of stability and continuity in the marriage.

Homework: Application of Concepts 1. Compare and contrast the placement of Guru and Surya in the 7H. How does each graha impact a person’s experience of marriage and/or business partnerships? What type of people do they attract in relationships?

2. Are any grahas placed in the 7H of your birth chart? If so, describe how each graha colors your experience of this bhava’s affairs (i.e. what you seek through relationships with others, how you experience marriage and business partnerships, etc.). How will each graha express its live and non-live significations due to its placement in the 7H?

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8th Bhava: Mrituy Sthana

Sanskrit Name: Mrituy Sthana (Bhava of Death) Trinal Bhava Relationship (Aim in Life): Moksha Quadrant Bhava Relationship: Dusthana

Areas of Life: The 8B reflects the support we receive from others in life, including financial support. It is our sense of security and safety that comes from relying on others and our willingness to accept and surrender to the co-dependent nature of life. In marital life, joint resources and the spouse’s family is governed by this bhava. The 8B shows wealth received from legacy, inheritance or insurance and represents professional fields dealing with the management of other people’s resources (tax attorneys, CPA’s, accountants, financial advisers, stockbrokers, insurance agents and estate planners).

Whereas the 4B (the first of the moksha bhavas) is our capacity for inner peace of mind, the 8B (the second of the moksha bhavas) is our capacity for developing emotional detachment. This requires transformation and purification, thereby making the 8B a bhava of deep transformational processes, upheavals, unexpected happenings and sudden endings. It is the transformational processes of the 8B which cause one to inquire deeply into the nature of life, often leading to the exploration of occult sciences, esoteric studies and psychology. The 8B is also ancient skill based traditions and research. As a bhava of death, the 8B represents chronic illness and disease, surgery, the removal of organs and serious accidents.

Lastly, as the 12th from the 9B of accepted societal morals and values, the 8B is those actions, practices and values which are unconventional or not aligned with society norms. As such, the 8B often involves scandals and secrets.

Live Significations: Benefactors, spouse’s family, those who bring problems, difficulties and trauma into our life (e.g. surgeons, tax collectors, bankruptcy trustees, morticians, etc.)

Kala Purusha (medical significations): External genitalia, anal orifice

Example of grahas in the 8B Budha: When Budha occupies the 8B of the birth chart, the person is intellectually interested in the occult sciences, esoteric studies, psychology and/or other unconventional sciences and arts, perhaps eventually writing, teaching and lecturing on such subjects. However, the dusthana nature of this bhava creates breaks and upheavals in their pursuit of education and/or in their relationship with friends (Budha’s significations), thereby creating opportunities for personal growth and transformation.

Homework: Application of Concepts 1. Compare and contrast the placement of Shukra and Mangala in the 8H. How does the person view transformational events in their life? What is their attitude and level of trust around the sharing of joint resources?

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2. Are any grahas placed in the 8H of your birth chart? If so, describe how each graha colors your experience of this bhava’s affairs (i.e. transformational processes, interest in occult sciences, esoteric studies or psychology, sharing in the resources of others, etc.). How will each graha express its live and non-live significations due to its placement in the 8H?

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9th Bhava: Bhagya Sthana

Sanskrit Name: Bhagya Sthana (Bhava of Fortune) Trinal Bhava Relationship (Aim in Life): Dharma Quadrant Bhava Relationship: None

Areas of Life: The 9B, representing our highest dharma, provides us with a sense of purpose, as well as a set of higher principles and beliefs by which to guide our lives. This bhava indicates the amount of involvement we have with spiritual initiation and religious pursuits and brings an interest in higher studies, such as philosophy, law and spirituality, through teachers, gurus and institutions of higher learning.

As the 5th bhava from the 5B, the 9B is intimately related to 5B affairs. For example, the 5B is our spiritual practices and the 9B, our religion and set of spiritual beliefs; the 5B is our creative intelligence and the 9B, the application of our intelligence to higher forms of knowledge; the 5B, our students and the 9B, our ability to be a teacher or guru to others. As a Laksmi sthana, the 9B is also a bhava of luck and fortune. Lastly, the 9B represents long distance travel.

Live Significations: Father, teacher, guru and mentors

Kala Purusha (medical significations): Hips, hip joints, thighs, femoral arteries

Example of grahas in the 9B Shukra: When Shukra occupies the 9B of the birth chart, the person finds joy, happiness and fulfillment in their quest for higher learning and spiritual truth and he/she takes great pleasure in foreign travel. Their creative talents may be expressed through teaching, lecturing or various spiritual endeavors. The person has a close and harmonious relationship with their teachers and a loving father.

Homework: Application of Concepts 1. Compare and contrast the placement of Guru and Surya in the 9B. How does each express themselves in 9B areas such as moral values and beliefs? Does the person have a strong desire for higher education? If so, what type of higher education might they pursue?

2. Are any grahas placed in the 9B of your birth chart? If so, describe how each graha colors your experience of this bhava’s affairs (i.e. religion, traveling, higher education, relationship with your father, etc.). How will each graha express its live and non-live significations due to its placement in the 9B?

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10th Bhava: Karma Sthana

Sanskrit Name: Karma Sthana (Bhava of Action) Trinal Bhava Relationship (Aim in Life): Artha Quadrant Bhava Relationship: Upachaya; Kendra (Southern direction)

Areas of Life: The 10B is a karma sthana, or place of action, indicating the way in which we choose to involve ourselves in society. It is the last and most powerful of the artha bhavas, reflecting one’s profession, honor, status, achievement and recognition in the material, outer world. Grahas placed in the 10B are characteristic of the type of career one pursues, as well as the knowledge, talents and skills applied in one’s profession. The upachaya nature of this bhava requires time and effort for 10B grahas to gain in power.

Live Significations: Authority figures (bosses and superiors). Note: This may also represent the father if one views him more as an authority figure (10B) than as a teacher (9B).

Kala Purusha (medical significations): Knees, knee joints, knee caps

Example of grahas in the 10B Surya: When Surya occupies the 10B of the birth chart, the person has a strong desire to actively express themselves in the outer world, seeks recognition for their career accomplishments and is likely to be involved in a profession requiring leadership skills. However, as the bhava of bosses and people of authority, the person experiences power struggles and/or feels controlled by superiors at work, perhaps causing him to eventually seek self-employment.

Homework: Application of Concepts 1. Compare and contrast the placement of Budha and Mangala in the 10B. How does each express themselves in 10B areas of work and profession? What might be qualities or attributes of the person’s career? What type of relationship will they have with bosses and/or figures of authority?

2. Are any grahas placed in the 10B of your birth chart? If so, describe how each graha colors your experience of this bhava’s affairs (i.e. career, degree of interaction in the outer world, professional skills and talents, amount of recognition received, etc.). How will each graha express its live and non-live significations due to its placement in the 10B?

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11th Bhava: Labha Sthana

Sanskrit Name: Labha Sthana (Bhava of Acquisition) Trinal Bhava Relationship (Aim in Life): Kama Quadrant Bhava Relationship: Upachaya

Areas of Life: The 11B represents our social kama – groups, large enterprises and social organizations we identify with – and our desire to be with other like-minded individuals, including friends. As the last of the kama bhavas, it indicates our deepest worldly desires and ambitions and, as the 2nd bhava from the 10B, shows the resources (monetary gains and income) received from our profession. (Note that just as the 2B represents the resources available to the 1H, or the individual, the 2nd bhava from any bhava represents the resources one has for securing the affairs of that bhava). Lastly, the 11B represents awards and honorary distinctions.

Live Significations: Friends, groups of like-minded people (i.e. associations, organizations, corporations), older siblings (although the 3B applies to siblings in general, the 11B is specific to the eldest sibling)

Axis: 5B-11B Axis: Self Expression vs Group Expression

Kala Purusha (medical significations): Legs and ankles

Example of grahas in the 11B Shani: Since Shani always gives later in life, the attainment of one’s goals and ambitions are delayed when Shani occupies the 11B. But, as an upachaya bhava, the person is determined and tenacious about obtaining his aspirations, leading to eventual success. As a bhava of associations, there is likely to be a preference towards groups that are more practical and/or structured in nature (characteristics of Shani) or perhaps the person goes it alone (Shani is an isolationist), rather than being aligned with groups and associations.

Homework: Application of Concepts 1. Compare and contrast the placement of Chandra and Guru in the 11B. What does each indicate about the person’s worldly goals and ambitions? What type of groups and associations does the person resonate with and how do they interact with such groups and associations?

2. Are any grahas placed in the 11B of your birth chart? If so, describe how each graha colors your experience of this bhava’s affairs (i.e. your goals and ambitions in life, your desire to be part of a group, association or corporation, your relationship with friends, etc.). How will each graha express its live and non-live significations due to its placement in the 11B?

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12th Bhava: Vyava Sthana

Sanskrit Name: Vyava Sthana (Bhava of Loss or Expense) Trinal Bhava Relationship (Aim in Life): Moksha Quadrant Bhava Relationship: Dusthana

Areas of Life: The 12B is a bhava of loss, waste, isolation and expenditure. It is the final moksha bhava, allowing us to negate ourselves as individuals; offering up our ego and foregoing the material world for the sake of spiritual liberation. It is where we are learning to let go of our worldly possessions – oftentimes via charitable donations. The 12B is considered a hidden bhava and, as such, represents ashrams and retreats, as well as hospitals, mental wards and prisons. It indicates foreign residency, foreign studies, relationships with people of foreign origin or foreign pilgrimages. The 12B also represents bed pains and pleasures.

Live Significations: Secret enemies (as opposed to the known enemies of the 6B), people of foreign nationality

Kala Purusha (medical significations): Feet, left eye, immune system

Example of grahas in the 12B Guru: When Guru is in the 12B of the birth chart, the person has a strong interest in foreign subjects, engages in spiritual pilgrimages and enjoys traveling to faraway places. Their spiritual life is a source of upliftment and they are likely to be involved in charitable causes. Their guru or teacher may be of foreign origin, live overseas (12B is foreign places) or perhaps instructs at an ashram or retreat.

Homework: Applications of Concepts 1. Compare and contrast the placement of Shukra and Mangala in the 12B. How does each express themselves in 12B areas such as spiritual aspirations? Based on their significations, what are the mundane aspects of the world that the person will forego for a higher purpose?

2. Are any grahas placed in the 12B of your birth chart? If so, describe how each graha colors your experience of this bhava’s affairs (i.e. charitable causes, foreign interests and travels, spiritual liberation, etc.). How will each graha express its live and non-live significations due to its placement in the 12B?

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Chapter 6: Rahu and Ketu What are the nodes? Who exactly are Rahu and Ketu and what is their significance in Jyotisha? The orbit of the moon around the earth is at a 5-6 degree angle to the orbit of the earth around the sun (see illustration below), causing the moon’s orbit to intersect the ecliptic plane at two points – an ascending and descending point. The ascending point is Rahu and the descending point, Ketu. As two points in the sky rather than actual grahas, Rahu and Ketu are referred to as “chaya” (shadow) grahas.

Rahu is the process of involution – Spirit descending into Matter. He pulls us deep into the outer world of maya and into a complex web of desires, illusions and delusions. With his obsessive nature, Rahu has the ability to create a vicious circle of never-ending desires capable of spiraling out of control at any moment. If, and when this happens, Rahu leads us to extreme addictions and states of psychological imbalance. As a graha, Rahu is self-promoting, filled with worldly ambition and totally unpredictable.

Ketu is the process of evolution – Matter ascending into Spirit – and represents otherworldliness. Due to his dissatisfaction and discontent with maya, he is forever pulling us away from the outer material world and into the realm of Spirit. His inability to be satisfied with mundane life can become so intense that one may renounce the world all together, making Ketu the graha of moksha, or enlightenment. Ketu is self-reflective, self-internalizing and minimalistic in his nature.

Rahu and Ketu are 180 degrees apart in the sky and, therefore, exactly opposite each other in the birth chart. As such, their bhava placement represents two opposing areas of life. Here an intense tug-of-war is created until we learn to balance and integrate their respective areas of life. Ketu is reflective of our most recent past life, indicating that area of life that we are most familiar and comfortable with. He is here to help us renounce and detach from this area by bringing discontent and dissatisfaction so that we may evolve and perfect Rahu’s area of life.

Meanwhile, Rahu creates havoc, instability and obsessions in his area of life, until we break through his cloud of confusion and illusion, thus gaining a new level of appreciation and understanding around the area of life. The more we resist detachment from Ketu’s affairs, the more chaotic and out-of-control Rahu becomes. At the end of the day, we either, with foresight and consciousness, 51 | P a g e

Jyotisha Ayurveda 101 voluntarily learn to balance the areas of life represented by Rahu and Ketu, or the time comes when either (and mostly likely both) will cause extreme havoc, disappointment or loss for the purpose of teaching us the lesson of balance.

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Ketu Innate characteristics Gender: no sex Planetary cabinet: army Planetary caste: pariah (no caste) Guna: tamas Dosha: pitta Inherent nature: papa (malefic), as he withdraws us from the outer world by creating great dissatisfaction, discontent and a sense of lacking.

Key significations Week day: none, but Tuesday is used to honor Ketu Color: variegated Gems: cat’s Eye Kala Purusha (medicall significations): Ketu’s medicall significations include all illness and disease of an unknown origin and those that are hard to diagnose and/or misdiagnosed. He represents epidemics, accidents from mass catastrophes and war, psychic disorders, intestinal parasites and worms, viral infections, schizophrenia and radiation-induced illnesses.

Personality traits and behavior Ketu is the graha of heightened perception reached through reflection and self-internalization. Through his keen intelligence, he helps us to see the imperfections of the world, thereby creating discontent and dissatisfaction in the realm of worldly aspirations.

Relationship representations Paternal grandfather, maternal grandmother

Homework: Application of Concepts (1) Over the next few days, pay attention to the animate and inanimate objects (i.e. people, plants, animals, places, buildings, cars, furniture, pictures, etc.) around you. Which ones would you assign to Ketu’s rulership, and why?

Example: In his representation of other-worldliness, Ketu signifies spiritual initiations. As the tail of the snake, he also represents the kundalini energy at the base of the spine.

(2) Why is Ketu considered a pariah?

(3) If Ketu is a spiritual graha, why is his nature said to be tamasic?

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Rahu Innate characteristics Gender: no sex Planetary cabinet: army Planetary caste: pariah (outcast) Guna: tamas Dosha: vata Inherent nature: papa (malefic), as his nature is one of illusion, confusion, obsession, intensity and exaggeration.

Key significations Week day: None, but Saturday is used to honor Rahu Color: smoky Gems: hessonite garnet Kala Purusha (medicall significations): Rahu represents insomnia, convulsions, drug addiction, leprosy, poisoning, snake bites, mysterious or incurable diseases, chemotherapy and illnesses caused by the side-effects of drugs. On the mental/emotional level, he is responsible for nightmares, mental instability, fears, neurosis, hysteria, manic-depressive tendencies and hallucinations.

Personality traits and behavior Rahu represents our material attachments and desires in life and is that part of our personality that is obsessive, compulsive and rarely satiated.

Relationship representations Maternal grandfather, paternal grandmother

Homework: Application of Concepts 1. Over the next few days, pay attention to the animate and inanimate objects (i.e. people, plants, animals, places, buildings, cars, furniture, pictures, etc.) around you. Which ones would you assign to Rahu’s rulership, and why?

Example: As an obsessive and compulsive graha, Rahu represents drug and alcohol addiction and sex addicts.

2. Why is Rahu considered an outcast?

3. What are some of Rahu’s tamasic qualities?

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Opposite Bhava Relationships

2B-8B Axis 6B-12B Axis

1B-7B Axis 3B-9B Axis 5B-11B Axis

4B-10B Axis 4B-10B Axis

5B-11B Axis 1B-7B Axis 3B-9B Axis

6B-12B Axis 2B-8B Axis

Bhavas opposite each other in the birth chart represent opposing ends of a common spectrum in life. For example, the 4B represents our private home environment and innermost emotions and feelings. The 10B, opposite the 4B, represents our interactions in the outer world, including our professional life. The 4B-10B spectrum in life, therefore, involves the integration of our private, personal life with our outer, worldly life.

Whether the integration of the affairs of opposite bhavas is seamless or challenging depends on the relative number of grahas occupying each bhava and their resonance with the bhava’s affairs. Take for example Chandra in the 4B and Mangala in the 10B. Chandra resonates well with 4B affairs of home and mother, while Mangala enjoys directing his ambition and energy towards the worldly activities of the 10B. The placement of Chandra and Mangala on the 4B- 10B axis, respectively, facilitates the balancing of this spectrum of life. But what if Mangala and Ketu occupied the 4B and Chandra, the 10B? With two papa grahas in the sensitive 4B of home and mother, the person is likely to avoid this area of life, opting instead to find emotional comfort and peace of mind (Chandra’s significations) through their professional life. This creates an imbalance between one’s inner, private life and one’s outer, worldly life.

1B-7B Axis, Personal Identity vs Identity with Others: The 1B represents the eastern horizon where light enters the chart via the rising sun. It is where we, as individuals, blossom as unique personalities, filled with wants, desires and aspirations. Opposite the 1B, is the western horizon of the 7B where light exits the chart via the setting of the sun. Here we take notice of others, putting aside our personal needs and desires so that we may enter into harmonious partnerships.

The 1B-7B spectrum reflects the pursuit of our own wants, desires and ambitions (1B) versus our ability to recognize and honor those of others, be it the spouse, intimate acquaintances or business partners (7B). Grahas placed on this spectrum are learning to integrate their need for self-identity

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Jyotisha Ayurveda 101 and freedom with a willingness to respect the needs of others. When the 1B-7B spectrum of life is balanced, a person is able to function in a relationship both as an individual and as a couple.

2B-8B Axis, Personal Resources vs Resources of Others: Recall from our discussion in the previous section that the places of difficulty in the chart are those located immediately before and after the Ascendant (1B) and Descendant (7B), with the 2B-8B axis representing two such placements.

Not technically a dusthana bhava, the 2B differs from the 8B, as grahas placed here hold the hope and promise of light just ahead. As an artha bhava, the 2B represents the acquisition of personal resources, our desire for self-sufficiency and our ability to support the needs of our family.

In contrast, grahas in the 8B are nearing the western horizon of the 7B, a place where personal needs and desires are set aside so that we may enter into union with others. In preparation, 8B grahas are learning to trust others and share resources, both requirements for the co-dependent nature of this bhava.

The 2B-8B spectrum represents the desire and ability to maintain control over our life through self- sufficient means versus through availability and access to the resources of others. The integration of the 2B-8B spectrum allows for proper balance between self-sufficiency and co-dependency; between trust in our own ability to acquire necessary resources and our willingness to receive help from others.

3B-9B Axis, Personal Motivations vs Societal Motivations: The 9B is that area of the sky immediately following the heights of the mid-heaven (10B). Grahas placed here are accepting the transition from a place of dominance and limelight (10B) to one of serving society. The dharmic 9B is where we put aside our worldly motivations and accomplishments for a higher calling to society. It reflects our principles, morals, spiritual inclinations and willingness to direct energy towards initiatives which benefit the world at large.

Meanwhile, grahas in the kama bhava of the 3B are anticipating the inevitable transition into the 2B, a bhava of personal resources and self-sufficiency. This imbues 3B grahas with the desire to develop skills, talents and the intellect for assistance in the acquisition of 2B resources. The 3B also requires the development of courage, will power and ambition necessary for the self-sufficient nature of the 2B.

Grahas placed on the 3B-9B axis seek a balance between the self-directed kama affairs of the 3B and the collective dharmic affairs of the 9B. Upon integration of the 3B-9B spectrum, harmony and balance is achieved between the pursuit of personal desires and interests and our sense of duty to society at large.

4B-10B Axis, Private vs Public Life: The 10B, as the zenith of the heavens, is where grahas attain maximum strength in their significations, manifesting easily and visibly in the outer world. Here grahas aspire to be seen and recognized by others and strive for status and position in public life.

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Being opposite the mid-heaven, the 4B is the maximum distance a graha can be from the visible world. Grahas placed here value privacy and seek emotional security and peace of mind through one’s family, home environment and private life.

The 4B-10B spectrum reflects our inner, private life versus outer, worldly life. Upon integration of the 4B-10B axis, harmony is achieved in our need for safety and emotional security found in a private, personal home life and the need for visibility, recognition and the material security of a public, outer life and profession.

5B-11B Axis, Self Expression vs Group Expression: The 11B is that position in the sky immediately preceding the mid-heaven. Grahas placed here know that the heights of the mid- heaven are within their grasp. They are filled with hope, ambition and aspiration in preparation for their inevitable rise to fame and are gathering others around them – be it friends or groups – who share similar goals and ambitions.

Being opposite the 11B, grahas in the 5B are content expressing themselves through their own creative endeavors, having little interest in worldly ambitions, groups or associations. Instead of sensing the heights of the mid-heavens, they are anticipating the privacy of the 4B – a place of family, home and inner peace of mind – and directing their interests towards the sphere of children (5B affairs).

The 5B-11B polarity is about balancing one’s unique creative expression and preparing for a family with the preparation for inevitable success in the outer world and uniting with other like-minded individuals. Upon integration of the 5B-11B spectrum, one is able to partake in the pursuit of worldly goals through involvement with groups and associations of like-minded individuals without sacrificing their own unique creativity and individual expression.

6B-12B Axis, Personal Effort vs Personal Surrender: The 6B and 12B are dusthana bhavas which represent transitional places in the sky. The 6B is immediately after the setting of the sun on the western horizon (7B). Grahas occupying the 6B are filled with anxiety and stress, uncertain if they will make it through the night. Yet they do their best to take control of the situation through working hard and putting forth the personal effort required to overcome the obstacles of this bhava.

On the other hand, grahas in the 12B, although having just entered the light of the day, are low in the day sky, unable to see the path of accession immediately ahead. As such, they are dispassionate about worldly affairs, preferring isolation, solitude and spiritual enlightenment. This is a bhava of surrender and transcendence of daily life where grahas seek to rise above all that is mundane, foregoing any hope of controlling their surroundings and, instead, surrendering to what IS.

The 6B-12B reflects a spectrum of personal effort versus personal surrender. By integrating the 6B- 12B axis, we bring into balance the desire for managing and controlling our daily life, with the ability to trust in the higher workings of the universe. Proper integration of this spectrum encourages acceptance of individual responsibility (6B), while at the same time having faith and trust in the divine workings of the universe (12B).

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Back to Rahu and Ketu. With the newly introduced concept of opposite bhavas, we can now interpret the karmic implications of the nodes of the moon in a birth chart. Earlier, we mentioned that Rahu and Ketu are always 180 degrees apart in the sky, placing them on a spectrum of opposite bhavas in the birth chart. As deeply karmic grahas, their axis placement reflects two opposing areas of life which we are to balance and integrate. Because Ketu represents our most recent past life experiences, he will do his best to create discontent, dissatisfaction and a sense of lacking until we finally detach from his area of life. Meanwhile, Rahu creates havoc, instability and obsessions until we break through his cloud of confusion and illusion, thus gaining a new level of appreciation and understanding around his area of life.

Homework: Application of Concepts 1. Which axis does Rahu-Ketu occupy in your chart. Based on this, describe the two areas of life that you are here to balance. How might this manifest in your life?

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Chapter 7: Graha Aspects (Drishti) A question frequently asked by students of Jyotisha is: If there are twelve bhavas but only nine grahas, what happens to those areas of life indicated by the “empty” bhavas?

The affairs of a bhava are activated in several ways. In all cases, a graha directs its attention and manifests its significations through the affairs indicated by its bhava placement and in a manner consistent with its nature. For instance, if Mangala occupies the 3B, then this graha of competition, strength and courage takes an interest in 3B affairs. The person has a piercing intellect, readily takes to the sciences and enjoys competitive sports. These are all 3B affairs that resonate with Mangala. This same competitive spirit can be seen in the relationship with siblings. If Shukra occupies the 3B, the intellect is more creatively inclined. In this case, the person pursues 3B endeavors such as painting, poetry or dance. His relationship with siblings is close and loving.

The second way a bhava is activated is by graha aspect or drishti. Drishti means ‘to gaze upon or glance at’. Each graha casts its glance on one or more bhavas, which indicates that it takes an active interest in the affairs of these bhavas.

The general rule is that a graha aspects the bhava that is directly opposite (seven away) from its own bhava placement. A graha aspecting a bhava is also considered to be aspecting any grahas that occupy the bhava. When counting bhavas, always start with the bhava occupied by the graha and proceed counterclockwise around the birth chart.

In the chart to the left, notice that Budha occupies the Lagna and casts its glance (or drishti) on the 7B. In the Lagna, Budha gives intelligence, curiosity and a playful personality. Through its 7B drishti, Budha directs those same qualities towards 7B affairs, i.e., Budha’s curious and communicative nature expresses in relationships.

Rahu and Ketu are exceptions to this rule. As shadow grahas, the nodes of the moon do not aspect other bhavas or grahas. Hence, their influence is limited to the bhava they occupy and any grahas they associate with.

The three outer planets―Mangala, Guru, and Shani―cast multiple aspects. Mangala aspects the 4B and 8B from its bhava placement as well as the 7B. This means that when placed in the Lagna, Mangala aspects the 4B, 7B and 8B as well as any grahas occupying these bhavas. An easy way to remember this is to think of Mangala’s numbers as 4-7-8.

Guru casts its drishti on the 5B and 9B from its bhava placement as well as the 7B. When placed in the Lagna, Guru aspects the 5B, 7B and 9B of the birth chart. Thus, Guru’s drishti numbers are 5-7- 9.

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When occupying the Lagna, Shani aspects the 3B, 7B and 10B, making its numbers 3-7-10.

If Mangala occupies the 5B of the birth chart, which bhavas are activated by its drishti? From the 5B, Mangala activates the 8B, 11B and 12B. What about Guru’s placement in the 6B of the birth chart? From the 6B, Guru aspects the 10B, 12B and 2B. If Shani occupies the 7B of the birth chart, which bhavas are activated by its drishti? Shani activates the 9B, Lagna and 4B.

We learned earlier that five out of the nine grahas (Surya, Mangala, Shani, Rahu and Ketu) are papa or krura in nature. Now we discover that two of these papa grahas, Mangala and Shani, influence three bhavas in addition to the one they occupy. The odds of escaping the lessons of Mangala and Shani are slim!

Homework: Application of Concepts 1. In your own birth chart, indicate which bhavas each graha aspects.

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Chapter 8: The 12 Rashis and their Qualities

Introduction In this handout, we will expand upon the rashi concepts presented during our Introductory webinar session. The energetics of each rashi is described in terms of its ruling planet, gender, elemental representation and modality. It is the composite of these qualities which manifest as the archetypal nature of each rashi.

Qualities and Attributes of the Rashis

Summary Rashi Qualities

Rashi Ruling Graha Gender Ruling Element Modality Aries Mangala Male Fire Cardinal Taurus Shukra Female Earth Fixed Gemini Budha Male Air Mutable Cancer Chandra Female Water Cardinal Leo Surya Male Fire Fixed Virgo Budha Female Earth Mutable Libra Shukra Male Air Cardinal Scorpio Mangala Female Water Fixed Sagittarius Guru Male Fire Mutable Capricorn Shani Female Earth Cardinal Aquarius Shani Male Air Fixed Pisces Guru Female Water Mutable

Gender Each rashi has either a masculine or feminine expression. Masculine rashis are the odd signs of the zodiac: Aries, Gemini, Leo, Libra, Sagittarius and Aquarius. These rashis are outgoing, extroverted, expressive, active and initiatory in their nature.

Feminine rashis are the even signs of the zodiac: Taurus, Cancer, Virgo, Scorpio, Capricorn and Pisces. The nature of the feminine rashis are receptive, introverted, passive, gentle and intuitive in their nature.

Element The fire rashis are Aries, Leo and Sagittarius. Fire is warming, radiating, optimistic, spontaneous and self-motivated. The fire element gives us the ability to operate in the realm of inspiration and ideas.

The earth rashis are Taurus, Virgo and Capricorn. Earth is patient, persevering, practical and self- sufficient. Earth allows us to operate in the material world and in the realm of physical forms.

Air rashis include Gemini, Libra and Aquarius. Air is social, curious, intellectually expressive and versatile in nature. Air opens us to the mental realm and provides objectivity and rationality. 61 | P a g e

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Lastly, Cancer, Scorpio and Pisces are water rashis. Water is intuitive, yielding, feeling, protective and sensitive. The water element is the doorway to the emotional realm and the source of subjectivity and feelings.

Modality Rashis are categorized as chara, ‘moving or wandering’, sthira, ‘stable or firm’ or dvisvabhava, ‘of a double nature’.

Aries, Cancer, Libra and Capricorn are chara rashis. In the natural zodiac, these rashis fall on the cardinal angles (Lagna-4B-7B-10B) of the birth chart. Chara rashis have the impulse for generating activity and represent centrifugal energy (outward directed energy). They are involved in the act of initiation and place emphasis on doing and becoming. As the natural kendras of the chart, they allow for manifestation in the outer world.

Taurus, Leo, Scorpio and Aquarius are sthira rashis. Having the need for stability, continuity and preservation, sthira rashis represent centripetal energy (inward movement towards a center). Desiring consistency and continuity over movement and initiation, their natural impulse is to maintain the status quo.

The dvisvabhava rashis are Gemini, Virgo, Sagittarius and Pisces. They have the impulse of adaptability and mutability and are similar to spiraling patterns of energies. The emphasis of dvisvabhava rashis is that of versatility, learning and flexibility. These rashis are ruled by Budha and Guru.

Each of the four elements (fire, air, water, earth) is expressed through one of three modalities. For example, Aries, Leo and Sagittarius are fire rashis, and each displays one of the three modalities. Aries is chara fire, Leo, sthira fire and Sagittarius, dvisvabhava fire. The four elements and their expression through the three modalities give us the 12 rashis.

Ruling Graha However, the most important quality of a rashi is its ruling graha, accounting for nearly 50% of its overall archetypal energy. Therefore, in our understanding of a rashi, we should begin with the characteristics, inclinations and nature of its ruling graha and from here, integrate the gender, elemental rulership and modality of the rashi.

For example, Shukra is the planetary ruler of Taurus. Hence, Shukra’s interest in beauty, harmony, comfort and creativity will dominate the archetypal nature of Taurus. Taurus is also female in gender, represents the earth element and its modality is fixed. We can describe the Taurus individual, therefore, as one who values material comforts (earth element), such as a nice home, luxury vacation or high-priced clothes; expresses his/her creativity through various arts and crafts, particularly those making use of the earth element (e.g. pottery making, wood carving, sewing, gardening). The Taurus person enjoys the sense-oriented aspects of life, appreciating the beauty of nature, the scent of a flower, a picturesque sunset. He/she is focused on the needs of others, romantically inclined and sensual (female gender). Lastly, the Taurus individual will be extremely dependable, uncompromising and deliberate (fixed modality).

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In this way, a composite archetypal “personality” of each rashi (and that of the individual whose Lagna is ruled by the rashi) is constructed. This composite personality is also used to interpret the expression of a graha occupying the rashi. For example, when Shukra occupies Taurus, it magnifies all aspects and energy inherent to Shukra, for here she is in her own rashi.

However, consider Mangala’s placement in Taurus. Mangala is a graha of courage, ambition, drive and independence. When Mangala occupies Taurus, his courage and ambition is softened by the Venusian energy which values harmony and concerns itself with the needs of others. Likewise, Mangala’s desire for independence is colored by Taurus’s focus on relationships. The Taurus energy slows Mangala down, makes him more dependable and cautious and more risk-adverse.

Archetypal Energy of the 12 Rashis Aries, ruled by Mangala Aries is a rashi of adventure, ambition, courage, exuberance and spontaneity. Archetypal nature and inclinations: independent, with a strong personal orientation initiating, pioneering and outgoing willful, headstrong and passionate impatient, impulsive, direct and assertive

Grahas in Aries are action-oriented, enthusiastic and independent. They express themselves unhesitatingly, for they come from a place of courage and passion.

Homework: Application of Concepts: In answering the following questions, first consider the nature of the graha. Then think through how the graha might be required to modify or mutate its nature based on the attributes of its rashi placement. (1) Assume that Mangala occupies its own rashi of Aries. How does Mangala express his need for independence, adventure and risk-taking?

(2) Assume that Shani occupies Aries. How are Shani’s significations of loyalty, long-term commitment and focus expressed through Aries’s energetics?

(3) Are any grahas placed in Aries in your birth chart? If so, describe how their nature and significations are modified based on the energetics of Aries.

Taurus, ruled by Shukra Taurus takes an interest in the worldly, creative and sensual aspects of life, valuing material comforts, personal relationships and family. Archetypal nature and inclinations: stability and endurance deep appreciation for nature and its rhythms desire for material security creative expression using the earth element, such as in pottery making, wood carving and various other arts and crafts 63 | P a g e

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heightened sensuality and romantic inclinations

Grahas in earth-ruled Taurus are determined, methodical and grounded. Taurus-occupying grahas are bent on material manifestation and have many creative gifts.

Homework: Application of Concepts: In answering the following questions, first consider the nature of the graha. Then think through how the graha might be required to modify or mutate its nature based on the attributes of its rashi placement. (1) Assume that Rahu occupies Taurus. As the graha of obsession, what might be some of Rahu’s obsessions when placed in Taurus?

(2) Assume that Chandra, the graha of emotions and nurturing, occupies Taurus. What is Chandra’s emotional nature like and how important is nurturing and love to her?

(3) Assume that Shukra occupies Taurus. How is Shukra’s desire for harmony and relationships affected by Taurus? As the graha of creativity, what might be the nature of Shukra’s creative skills and talents?

(4) Are any grahas placed in Taurus in your birth chart? If so, describe how their nature and significations are modified based on the energetics of Taurus.

Gemini, ruled by Budha Gemini promotes curiosity, the pursuit of intellectual interests and the development of verbal skills, such as writing, teaching and oration. The air element makes this rashi academically oriented. Archetypal nature and inclinations: open-minded intellectual dexterity versatile, changeable and adaptable appreciation for knowledge and learning restless and/or anxious

Grahas in Gemini become adaptable and require constant stimulation and change. They are inquisitive, communicative and focused on learning.

Homework: Application of Concepts: In answering the following questions, first consider the nature of the graha. Then think through how the graha might be required to modify or mutate its nature based on the attributes of its rashi placement. (1) Assume that Budha occupies its own rashi of Gemini. How are Budha’s significations of learning, curiosity and versatility expressed through Gemini?

(2) Assume that Chandra occupies Gemini. How does Chandra express her emotional nature? How is this different from her expression in Taurus?

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(3) Are any grahas placed in Gemini in your birth chart? If so, describe how their nature and significations are modified based on the energetics of Gemini.

Cancer, ruled by Chandra Cancer has a strong desire for giving and receiving love and nurturance. For Cancer, home is the foundation for emotional security. Archetypal nature and inclinations: sympathetic, emotionally centered, warm-hearted in tune with the environment emotionally connected with others maternal

Grahas in Cancer experience the world through the lens of emotions and feelings, and display a certain degree of sensitivity and changeability. They are oriented toward home and family life and are greatly influenced by their environment.

Homework: Application of Concepts: In answering the following questions, first consider the nature of the graha. Then think through how the graha might be required to modify or mutate its nature based on the attributes of its rashi placement. (1) Assume that Mangala occupies the rashi of Cancer. What is Mangala’s avenue for expressing his significations of adventure, passion, courage and independence?

(2) Assume that Chandra occupies her own rashi of Cancer. How does Chandra express her emotional nature? How important is nurturing and love to Chandra?

(3) Assume that Guru occupies the rashi of Cancer. How might Guru express his significations of higher learning, spirituality, moral values and ethics?

(4) Are any grahas placed in Cancer in your birth chart? If so, describe how their nature and significations are modified based on the energetics of Cancer.

Leo, ruled by Surya Enthusiastic and high-spirited Leo maintains a positive outlook on life. This Surya-ruled rashi displays an air of dignity, independence and strength. It is the rashi of leaders and leadership. Archetypal nature and inclinations: confident and independent desire for honor, respect and prestige high expectations and aspirations paternalistic

Grahas in Leo are creatively inspired and take pride in their accomplishments―which are many. They strive for recognition and honor and operate in a steady and consistent manner.

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Jyotisha Ayurveda 101 placement. (1) Assume that Mangala occupies Leo. How does Mangala express his significations of courage, adventure, independence and assertiveness? How is this different from his placement in his own rashi of Aries?

(2) Assume that Shani is in the rashi of Leo. As the graha of obstacles, challenges and humility, how will Shani express his characteristics?

(3) Are any grahas placed in Leo in your birth chart? If so, describe how their nature and significations are modified based on the energetics of Leo.

Virgo, ruled by Budha This earth-ruled rashi loves practical knowledge. It instills the ability to analyze, order and discern and is directed towards mundane endeavors. Archetypal nature and inclinations: discriminating and inquiring cautious, conventional and dependable craftsmanship and manual dexterity interest in health and healing

Grahas in earth-ruled Virgo become practical and resourceful and have a strong desire for self- sufficiency. They are intellectually oriented and perfectionistic.

Homework: Application of Concepts: In answering the following questions, first consider the nature of the graha. Then think through how the graha might be required to modify or mutate its nature based on the attributes of its rashi placement. (1) Assume that Budha occupies his own rashi of Virgo. How are Budha’s significations of learning, curiosity and versatility expressed through Virgo? How is this different from his placement in Gemini?

(2) Assume that Mangala is in the rashi of Virgo. What sort of activities might Mangala direct his energy, enthusiasm and passion towards? How is this different from his placement in Aries or Leo?

(3) Are any grahas placed in Virgo in your birth chart? If so, describe how their nature and significations are modified based on the energetics of Virgo.

Libra, ruled by Shukra Libra strives for harmony and fairness in relationships. Like Taurus, this Shukra-ruled rashi is immensely creative, particularly when it comes to music, poetry, dance and painting. Archetypal nature and inclinations: keenly focused on relationships diplomatic, kind and socially adept refined, creative expression strong sense of justice

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Grahas in Libra become more relationship-centered, tactful and artistically adept. The air element of Libra provides a social orientation to grahas that are placed in this rashi.

Homework: Application of Concepts: In answering the following questions, first consider the nature of the graha. Then think through how the graha might be required to modify or mutate its nature based on the attributes of its rashi placement. (1) Assume that Shukra occupies her own rashi of Libra. How does Shukra express herself in relationships? What type of creative skills is Shukra interested in developing?

(2) Assume that Surya is placed in Libra. How are Surya’s leadership skills and desire to shine expressed? As representing one’s health and vitality, what might be the nature and strength of a person’s health and vitality? How is this different from Surya’s position in Aries?

(3) Assume that Shani is in Libra. As the graha of isolation and separation, how does Shani express himself when in Libra?

(4) Are any grahas placed in Libra in your birth chart? If so, describe how their nature and significations are modified based on the energetics of Libra.

Scorpio, ruled by Mangala Scorpio directs its attention towards investigating the depths of any issue or individual. It is an intense and powerful rashi, promoting deep transformation. Archetypal nature and inclinations: proclivity towards the occult and mystery sciences probing intellect and keen insights upheavals, breaks and sudden crises secretive, unconventional or eccentric

Grahas in Scorpio develop great depth of understanding on matters that they signify. They are agents of change, ushering in transformative events that catalyze personal and spiritual growth.

Homework: Application of Concepts: In answering the following questions, first consider the nature of the graha. Then think through how the graha might be required to modify or mutate its nature based on the attributes of its rashi placement. (1) Assume that Ketu occupies the rashi of Scorpio. As the graha of keen perception and deep insight, how does Ketu express himself in Scorpio?

(2) Assume that Chandra, the graha of emotions and nurturing, occupies Scorpio. What is Chandra’s emotional nature like and how important is nurturing and love to her? How is this different from her placement in Taurus?

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(4) Are any grahas placed in Scorpio in your birth chart? If so, describe how their nature and significations are modified based on the energetics of Scorpio.

Sagittarius, ruled by Guru Sagittarius is an expansive, inspirational and uplifting rashi that loves sharing knowledge and wisdom with others. Archetypal nature and inclinations: spiritual, law-abiding and morally inclined a love for sharing knowledge through teaching, preaching or advising hope-inspired, optimistic and enthusiastic independent and willful

Grahas in Sagittarius become more expansive. They set their sights on high-minded goals and aspirations, and require freedom to follow their hopes and dreams and have great vision.

Homework: Application of Concepts: In answering the following questions, first consider the nature of the graha. Then think through how the graha might be required to modify or mutate its nature based on the attributes of its rashi placement. (1) Assume that Guru occupies its own rashi of Sagittarius. What is Guru’s avenue for expressing his significations of higher learning, spirituality, moral values and ethics?

(2) Assume that Shani occupies Sagittarius. As the graha of obstacles, challenges and humility, what will be Shani’s expression?

(3) Are any grahas placed in Sagittarius in your birth chart? If so, describe how their nature and significations are modified based on the energetics of Sagittarius.

Capricorn, ruled by Shani Earth-ruled Capricorn is practical, disciplined and self-sufficient. Organization and administration is the specialty of this rashi. Archetypal nature and inclinations: methodical and disciplined practical, hardworking and industrious business-oriented desire for material achievements and success frugal and cautious

Grahas in Capricorn become focused, realistic, industrious and enterprising. They are concerned with success in the material realm and inclined towards business and commerce. (1) Assume that Guru occupies Capricorn. What is Guru’s avenue for expressing his significations of higher learning, spirituality, moral values and ethics? How is this different from his placement in Sagittarius? How optimistic and hopeful is Guru in Capricorn?

(2) Assume that Chandra occupies Capricorn. What is Chandra’s emotional nature like and how important is nurturing and love to her? How does this differ from her placement in Karkata? 68 | P a g e

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(3) Are any grahas placed in Capricorn in your birth chart? If so, describe how their nature and significations are modified based on the energetics of Capricorn.

Aquarius, ruled by Shani Aquarius is expert at structuring and organizing concepts on the abstract, intellectual realm, often directing its focus towards science, technology and/or invention. Ruled by a graha who represents the masses, Aquarius imparts an interest in humanitarian concerns. Archetypal nature and inclinations: inventive and futuristic predisposed towards democratic and/or humanitarian concerns abstract thinking, concepts and theories

Grahas in Aquarius take on an edge of unconventionality. They are forward-thinking and futuristic. Such grahas are driven to advance humanitarian agendas that help improve the world or save humanity.

Homework: Application of Concepts: In answering the following questions, first consider the nature of the graha. Then think through how the graha might be required to modify or mutate its nature based on the attributes of its rashi placement. (1) Assume that Shani occupies his own sign of Aquarius. How does he express his significations of organization, administration and humility when in Aquarius? How is this different from his placement in Capricorn?

(2) Assume that Surya occupies Aquarius. As a graha who loves to shine, lead others and be recognized, how does Surya express these attributes when in Aquarius? How is this different from his placement in Aries?

(3) Are any grahas placed in Aquarius in your birth chart? If so, describe how their nature and significations are modified based on the energetics of Aquarius.

Pisces, ruled by Guru Pisces is a rashi of compassion, sensitivity, imagination and fantasy. This water-ruled rashi supports inspirational forms of expression, such as dance, music and devotional spiritual practices. Archetypal nature and inclinations: friendly, compassionate and devotional spiritual wisdom imaginative, inspirational and creative fantasy-prone, daydreaming

Pisces brings out the empathetic and compassionate side of its occupying grahas. Here they become imbued with creative intelligence and spiritual wisdom.

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(1) Assume that Budha occupies the rashi of Pisces. How might Budha’s significations of attention to detail, logic and discernment be expressed in Pisces? How does this differ from his placement in Virgo? What type of subjects will Budha be interested in studying?

(2) Assume that Guru occupies his own sign of Pisces. What will be Guru’s avenue for expressing his significations of higher learning, spirituality, moral values and ethics?

(3) Assume that Ketu occupies the rashi of Pisces. How do Ketu’s natural significations of moksha, keen perception and discontent with the world of Maya resonate with the energetics of Pisces?

(4) Are any grahas placed in Pisces in your birth chart? If so, describe how their nature and significations are modified based on the energetics of Pisces.

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Chapter 9: Purusharthas, the Aims of Life

Introduction The purusharthas (goals of human existence), commonly referred to as the four aims of life, is an important foundational concept of Jyotisha and Ayurveda. According to it, we are born for the purpose of fulfilling four aims in life. dharma (right action) fulfilling our purpose and duty artha (resources) gathering and accumulating necessary resources kama (desires) enjoying the pleasures of the world moksha (liberation) pursing a spiritual path

Each purushartha is aligned with a set of trinal bhavas in the birth chart: dharma (Lagna, 5B, 9B), artha (2B, 6B, 10B), kama (3B, 7B, 11B) and moksha (4B, 8B, 12B), and each bhava supports its aim in a unique way.

Figure 3: Purusharthas and the Birth Chart

Purushartha Bhavas Dharma sthanas The Lagna, 5B and 9B of the birth chart show one’s dharmic purpose and duty in life. The Lagna is known as the sva sthana (place of self). Each person has a duty to discover and embrace his or her uniqueness and fully develop his or her potential. That unique purpose and direction are primarily shown by the Lagna and its Lagnesha. It is in this manner that we cultivate a sense of purpose and find our direction in life. The specific aspect of dharma that the Lagna shows is that of our everyday life activities that keep us connected to our higher purpose. It is the only bhava where action (a kendra) and divine grace (a trikona) unite.

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The trikona 5B is a purva punya sthana. It shows past life credits, the result of good deeds that have been carried forward into this lifetime and that we can benefit from. This includes our creative, inborn intelligence―something that we develop over many lifetimes. It is our dharmic duty to accumulate additional good karma in this lifetime through proper discernment, moral integrity and spiritual worship (5B affairs). The 5B is an extension of the Lagna’s purpose, for it requires that we birth and foster our distinct gifts, be that an inborn artistic aptitude, intellectual proficiency or even birthing a child. In this manner, the 5B deepens our sense of having a unique contribution to make, and propels our destiny forward.

Referred to as the sukrita sthana (place of virtue), the dharmic 9B includes upholding societal laws and ethics and living life by a set of higher values, morals and philosophical principles. Fifth from the 5B of inborn intelligence, the 9B broadens our consciousness through the pursuit of sacred studies and higher education. This ahcarya sthana (place of preceptor) graces us with enlightened gurus who help us on our spiritual journey. A reflection of the 3B (neighbors), it also represents our broader neighborhood, i.e., the society we live in. Thus, the 9B instills in us the desire to give back to society. It completes the circle of dharma: embracing who we are and cultivating a sense of purpose (Lagna), fostering our inborn talents (5B) and furthering society by helping others (9B).

When dharma is the primary goal of life, a person feels strongly driven to find his or her purpose and give back to society.

Artha sthanas The 2B, 6B and 10B are bhavas of material pursuit. They represent resources we acquire to support and maintain our daily life. First of the artha bhavas, the 2B vitta sthana (place of money) includes the personal resources one has available for satisfying basic needs, such as food, clothing and money. This bhava shows one’s motivation to take responsibility for his own needs and those of his family. It also indicates our sense of financial and material security, resourcefulness and self- sufficiency. 2B personal resources include non-financial means of support. For instance, as the vidya sthana (place of oral traditions), it is knowledge gained through oral transmission, such as Jyotisha, Ayurveda and the Vedic scriptures.

The 6B ahva sthana (place of challenge) requires us to work hard, endure adversities and face our competitors in order to overcome the challenges and setbacks of everyday life. It is an extension of the 2B of self-support, for the 6B is connected with financial resources obtained through short- term borrowing (credit card debt, lines of credit, bridge loans) and the stress of satisfying these obligations.

Twice the size of other bhavas, the kendras (Lagna, 4B, 7B, 10B) are Vishnu sthanas―powerful places of action and manifestation. They represent the four cardinal directions (east, north, west, south, respectively) and the pivotal turning points of the sun in the course of a day: rising, mid-day, setting and mid-night. As the last of the four kendras and the most visible region of the sky, the 10B is particularly noteworthy for mundane manifestation.

The 10B indicates the manner in which one is involved in the world. It is a bhava of public life, as opposed to the hidden, private life of the 4B, which it reflects. It shows our ability to carry our weight in the world and to act with strength, resilience and purpose—to walk the talk. The last of 72 | P a g e

Jyotisha Ayurveda 101 the artha bhavas, this bhava represents our material livelihood and professional status, prestige and reputation, i.e., the outward display of our ability to be self-sufficient (2B) and our willingness to work hard to improve our daily lot (6B).

When artha is the primary purushartha, themes of resource acquisition, pursuit of income and outer, worldly actions are dominant in the person’s life.

Kama sthanas The kama bhavas reflect our desires in life and our pursuit to satisfy them. The 3B shows our immediate personal wants as expressed through hobbies, interests and curiosities. It also speaks to the courage and impulsiveness with which we pursue these shorter-term interests.

The 7B represents our yearning to unite with others for the mutual fulfillment of desires, be that as committed lovers, business partners or two individuals sharing common hopes and dreams. As one of the four kendras, the 7B powerfully draws us into to various kinds of relationships that hold the promise for personal satisfaction and gain. Our relationship skills and ability to sustain healthy partnerships with others through respect, diplomacy and honoring agreements is also read from the 7B.

Ninth (higher purpose) from the 3B (short-term personal desires) and the last of the kama sthanas, the 11B shows our longer-term, more purposeful aspirations. It is imbued with ambition and self- will directed toward achieving these grand goals. With its intense desire nature, the 11B also represents one’s social kama―the longing to belong, and to elevate one’s position in the world through acquaintances and organizations such as clubs, corporations or associations with others. Through these connections, we gain access to the higher echelons of society and connect with those who can help us achieve our mundane aspirations. The modus operandi of the 11B is: “It’s not what you know, but who you know.”

The risk of the 11B is its powerful kama nature that can entangle us in a web of neverending aspirations and mundane goals. Yet, as the bhava of influential groups and high society, it holds the promise of giving broad social influence and having a wide-ranging worldly impact.

When kama is the primary purushartha, then the pursuit of personal interests, relationships with others and lofty, worldly aspirations are pivotal aspects of life.

Moksha sthanas Lastly, the places of spiritual development and growth are the moksha sthanas, the 4B, 8B, and 12B. The 4B represents the inner peace and emotional stability that serves as the foundation for a spiritual life. It also denotes our ability to stay heart-centered in thought and action. As the nadir of the birth chart, it is that area of the sky that is completely concealed at the time of birth. Hence, the 4B is a place of privacy, introversion and all things that are hidden from view, including our deepest sentiments. Being the eighth (upheavals) from the 9B (higher purpose), it represents the emotional turmoil that results when our dharma is not aligned with our true feelings. At the root of these innermost sentiments are the circumstances of our early upbringing, including the extent to which we felt loved and nurtured (another 4B affair).

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The 4B moksha sthana represents our ability to quiet our emotions and experience stillness. These skills are important for spiritual practices. In contrast, the moksha sthana 8B triggers spiritual transformation through earth-shattering events, spiritual awakenings and profound psychological healing. Whereas the 4B represents the doorway to the subconscious mind, the 8B is the path into deeper states of the unconscious. It brings fascination with altered states of consciousness and out-of-body or near-death experiences. Having Scorpio for its natural rashi ruler, the 8B has a built- in fascination with all things deep and mysterious.

The last of the moksha sthanas, the 12B represents our final liberation from the material world, as we merge with the infinite, all-pervading Spirit. Thus, the 12B is a separating bhava, for it has the capacity to literally or figuratively estrange us from the world as we know it. The reclusive nature of the 12B is the reason that it represents spiritual pilgrimages. This moksha sthana is capable of giving immensely on the spiritual level. Twelfth from the Lagna, it is our ability to detach from a self-centered perspective on life. Thus, the 12B gives birth to renunciants, seekers and spiritual aspirants. For this same reason, the 12B is one of seva, acts of charity and non-for-profit endeavors of all kinds.

Of the three moksha sthanas, the 4B is our ability to quiet our emotions and connect with our hearts in preparation for spiritual practices. In this state, access to the subconscious mind is gained. The 8B is the gateway into altered states of consciousness and radical transformations that hold the key to spiritual awakenings. The 12B, the final moksha sthana, is our capacity to tap into the supramental realm where we can perceive truth directly and experience transcendence.

When moksha is the main aim of a person’s life, the importance of a spiritual life can override more worldly or mundane goals.

Homework: Application of Concept The natal birth chart indicates the relative significance of each purushartha and hence, which goal or aim of life is most important to the individual. Take a look at your own birth chart to see which purushartha stands out. For this exercise, apply two different methodologies. As with any chart reading, when we find confluence between varying techniques, it increases the certainty of our interpretation.

Methodology 1: The Lagnesha is the most important graha in the birth chart for it represents the person. Which purushartha bhava does your Lagnesha occupy in the birth chart? This is one way to determine your primary aim in life.

Methodology 2: Now determine the primary aim in life based on graha occupation. How many grahas occupy each set of dharma, artha, kama and moksha bhavas in your birth chart? Is there confluence between the two methodologies?

As might be expected, often our goal in this life includes more than just one aim.

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