CENTRALES NUCLEARES
Edition © Centrales Nucleares Almaraz-Trillo July 2014
Coordination CNAT Communication
Design and layout Cambio de Sentido Producciones Creativas
Photographs CNAT photographic archive
Printed on chlorine - free paper TABLE OF CONTENTS
4 ALMARAZ AND TRILLO NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT 9 10 ACTIONS PLANS ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT RESULTS 11 26 LEGISLATION ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITS AND INSPECTIONS 27 28 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMMES RELATIONSHIP WITH INTERESTED PARTIES 35 ALMARAZ AND TRILLO NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
OWNER COMPANIES
The owner companies of Almaraz and Trillo Nuclear Power Plants formed an Economic Interest Grouping in November 1999, called Centrales Nucleares Almaraz-Trillo, A.I.E., for the integrated operation, management and administration of both plants, and their shares in the assets of each remained unchanged. Accordingly, the shares of the owner companies in the installed capacity at both plants, is as follows:
Iberdrola Generación Nuclear, S.A.U. Endesa Generación, S.A. Gas Natural SDG, S.A.
51,2 23,3 19,3 % % %
Iberenergía, S.A. Nuclenor, S.A.
5,5 0,7 % %
ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE General Manager
The structure of A.I.E. Centrales Nucleares Headship Economic Almaraz-Trillo is based on the development of a single Control and Planning organisation, with clearly defined unitary control, and the unambiguous assignment of functions and responsibilities. Human Resources Safety & Quality Manager Manager The organisation’s governing body is the General Meeting of Members, which brings together Operation Services Technical Services the owner companies, and the Management Board, Manager Manager and contains representatives of both.
The basic organization of A.I.E. Centrales Nucleares Almaraz-Trillo is as follows: Almaraz NPP Trillo NPP Manager Manager
4 MAIN FEATURES OF THE PLANTS
Almaraz NPP
Almaraz Nuclear Power Plant is located in the community of Extremadura, in the Campo Arañuelo (Cáceres) region, in an area bounded by the Tiétar and Tajo rivers.
The climate of the area is continental, with weak and erratic rainfall, turning the surroundings into an area which consists mostly of grasslands rather than crops, with pasture and irrigated lands the two most common forms of land use. The proximity to many environmentally protected areas should be noted, including the Monfragüe National Park SCI (Site of Community Importance) and SPA (Special Protection Area), and the meadow lands alongside Arrocampo.
The main technical characteristics of the Plant are listed in the following table:
OWNERS: Iberdrola Generación Nuclear, S.A.U. (53%), Endesa Generación, S.A. (36%) and Gas Natural SDG, S.A. (11%) Consists of two Westinghouse Pressurised Water Reactors (LPWR), with the following specification per unit: Thermal Power: 2,947 MWt Fuel: Enriched Uranium Dioxide (UO2) Nº of Fuel Elements: 157 Cycle Duration: 18 months Gross Electrical Power: 1,049.43 MWe (U-I) 1,044.45 MWe (U-II) Net Electrical Power: 1,011.30 MWe (U-I) 1,005.83 MWe (U-II) Cooling: Open Circuit (Arrocampo reservoir) Start Commercial Production: May 1981 (U-I) October 1983 (U-II) Date of Existing Production Permit: 08/06/2010 for a period of 10 years
In 2014 the gross output generated by the two Units at Almaraz Nuclear Power Plant was 15,795.4 million kWh, and the net joint production was 15,201.4 million kWh.
5 Individually, the gross electricity production by Unit I was 7,510.8 million kWh, and Unit II 8,284.6 million kWh.
The following graphs shows the gross daily production of both units during 2014
GROSS PRODUCTION DAILY 2014 MWh UNIT I
30,000
25,000 R123
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
GROSS PRODUCTION DAILY 2014 MWh UNIT II
30,000 R221 25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
6 Trillo NPP
Trillo Nuclear Power Plant is located in Castilla La Mancha, in the Alcarria region (Guadalajara), alongside the course of the River Tagus.
The Alcarria climate is a Continental Mediterranean, climate typical of inland areas of the Iberian Peninsula, with strong temperature fluctuations, very hot summers and very cold winters with little rain and the presence of frosts. The Plant site is located in the vicinity of the Alto Tajo Natural Park SCI and SPA.
The main technical characteristics of the Plant are listed in the following table:
OWNERS: Iberdrola Generación Nuclear, S.A.U. (48%), Gas Natural SDG, S.A. (34.5%), Iberenergía, S.A. (15.5%) and Nuclenor S.A.(2%)
Consists of a Pressurised water Reactor (LPWR) Siemes-KWU, with the following technical specification:
Thermal Power: 3,010 MWt
Fuel: Enriched Uranium Dioxide (UO2)
Nºof Fuel Elemnets: 177
Cycle Duration: 12 months
Gross Electrical Power: 1,066 MWe
Neta Elecgtrical Power: 1,003 MWe
Cooling: Natural Draft Towers (Río Tajo)
Start of Commercial Production: August 1988
Date of Existing Production Permit:
17/11/2014 for a period of 10 years
7 The gross production of Trillo Nuclear Power Plant from 1 January to 31 December 2014 totalled 8,307.9 million kWh with a net production of 7,785.5 million kWh during this period.
The following graph shows the daily gross production during 2014:
TRILLO NPP - DAILY GROSS PRODUCTION 2014
MWh 30,000 R26 25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
MISSION, VISION AND VALUES
The mission of Almaraz-Trillo Nuclear Power Plants is to produce electricity in a manner which is safe, economic, respectful to the environment and guaranteeing long-term production by optimum operation of the Almaraz and Trillo plants. Our vision is to position the Almaraz and Trillo nuclear power plants amongst the best in terms of safety, quality and costs.
The mission and vision is complemented by a set of shared values that must at all times guide the way people act in the organisation and how they can contribute to achieving the mission. These values are the cornerstone of social responsibility at CNAT and are based on ethical principles, respect for people, professionalism and attention to safety and the environment:
Safety Results Proactive to orientation orientation change
interest in Teamwork and Commitment Leadership learning communication to values
8 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
To fulfil the mission within a socially The Environmental Policy drives the responsible framework, Almaraz-Trillo NPPs have a application of the Environmental Management System set of corporate policies that establish the standards and its continuous improvement, reflecting the Board’s for work throughout the entire organisation. commitment and constituting the founding principles on which the annual objectives programme is based, The commitment to respect the Environment and in more general terms, the company’s activities in by A.I.E. CC.NN. Almaraz-Trillo is reflected in the relation to the Environment. organisation’s Environmental Policy.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
Detailed below is the policy established by the organisation, with the associated Code of Conduct:
Environmental Policy
The mission of ALMARAZ-TRILLO NUCLEAR and minimising as far as possible, the environmental POWER PLANTS is to produce electricity in a manner impact of its activities. which is safe, reliable, economic, respectful of the environment, and which guarantees production over • Continually making improvements to all processes the long term, by optimum operation of the Almaraz which could have environmental repercussions. and Trillo nuclear power plants, and an Environmental Policy has been defined appropriate to its nature, • Controlling and reducing leakages as far as magnitude and environmental impact, which reasonably possible, and conventional and serves as a reference to establish and review nuclear waste. objectives and environmental aims, and based on this, it commits to: • Motivating and training staff in respect to the • Guarantee compliance with the environmental environment, stimulating development of an legislation in force and any other voluntarily environmental culture and communicating the accepted requirements, maintaining an attitude of Environmental Policy within and external to the ongoing adherence. Organisation.
• Operate the installations with respect for the • Introducing and maintaining updated a Standard environment, identifying, preventing, controlling Environmental Management System.
Environmental Code of Conduct
• TO ANALYSE the implications of Environmental of preventing, controlling and reducing the impact regulations and legislation which affect the on the surroundings, as part of a culture of installations and make the necessary resources continuous improvement. available for continuous compliance, taking every care possible. • TO INTEGRATE environmental management in all design, supply, operation and maintenance • TO IDENTIFY AND ASSESS environmental activities at the installations. Issues affecting the installations with the objective
9 • TO TAKE ACCOUNT of the changeable • TO PROMOTE the training and environmental environment in acquiring materials and contracting awareness of employees and collaborators. work and services. • TO INVOLVE collaborators in fulfilling this code • TO USE Raw materials and energy in a rational way. as part of their activities in our work places.
• TO COLLABORATE in the development of new • TO MAINTAIN external communication channels, technologies to improve the efficiency of the facilitating access to environmental information. nuclear generation of electricity, in researching environmental issues and the development of energy savings.
The Environmental Management System used by Almaraz-Trillo NPPs has been certified by AENOR since 2005, in accordance with UNE-EN-ISO 14001:2004. This triennial certificate has been renewed three times, the last time in 2014
ACTIONS PLANS
Almaraz-Trillo Nuclear Plants continued to take important actions in relation to environmental issues during 2014, and these are incorporated in the Environmental Management Programme, the most significant of which are detailed below:
REPLACEMENT OF HCFCS IMPROVED MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS Engineering and assembly work has been performed to replace fluorinated gases which effect the ozone layer, as required by EU Regulation IT applications have been implemented 2037/2000. The replacement of equipment has to improve monitoring of environmental issues at been underway since 2009, and has involved a both plants: environmental monitoring of intakes major change, with approximately 120 items of and discharges, and monitoring of historical equipment involved between the two plants. meteorological parameters.
OTHER ACTIONS REDUCTION IN THE CONSUMPTION OF PAPER Throughout 2014 we proceeded to improved dispersion of effluent water to the Tagus River in the BY THE ORGANISATION vicinity of Trillo NPP, which has involved cleaning the river banks near to the intake zone. During 2013 and 2014, several actions Almaraz NPP, also in 2014, has enhanced were undertaken to replace paper documents containment measures in order to face situations of by electronic distribution with the aim of reducing accidental spills of lubricants and chemicals products. paper consumption in the organisation.
10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT RESULTS
Environmental Issues are defined by the applicable international regulations as “types of activity which interact or may interact with the environment”. Those identified at the Almaraz and Trillo plants can be grouped under the following categories:
ATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS
Given the little relevance this category has in terms of environmental impact by our installations, this section groups together everything resulting from the emission of gases by auxiliary combustion and emergency equipment, together with that emitted by the vehicle fleet, and that associated with fire-fighting training. This category also includes halocarbon emissions by refrigeration units.
ATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS (Almaraz - Trillo)
NOx SO2 1000xCO2 CO Halocarbon
Tm/year
100
90
80
70
60
50 51 52 44 46 47 40
30 23 24 26 26 20 22
10
4.7 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.2 0 2.7 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.5 2.2 1.7 0.9 1.7 0.4 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
11 GENERATION OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE MATERIAL
For the purpose of management and subsequent storage, and taking into account the clearly differentiated characteristics, radioactive waste products generated in the nuclear power plant can be categorised as “Medium and Low Activity” waste and “High Activity” waste, which corresponds essentially to spent fuel.
High Activity Waste
In 2014, a total of 100 spent fuel elements were 31 December, 1,392 spent fuel elements were stored removed from the reactors, 64 from Almaraz Unit I for Almaraz NPP Unit I, 1,316 for Unit II and 508 for and 36 from Trillo, and these were replaced by new Trillo NPP. In addition, there is an Individual Temporary elements. The total volume occupied by the elements Storage Unit at the Trillo Plant which facilitates dry removed from both plants is about 20 m3. storage inside dual storage-transportation containers. At the end of 2014, a total of 588 elements were The fuel removed from Almaraz NPP Unit I (64 stored in 28 containers. elements) has generated approximately 12,500 net GWh of electricity over its lifetime in the reactor (three and a half The graph shows the generation of spent years), and those recovered from Trillo NPP (36 elements) fuel over time at both plants. The highest values for 8,000 net GWh (in approximately four years). Almaraz NPP correspond to the period – every three years – when the refuelling of the two units coincides Spent fuel is stored inside the facility in the in the same year. corresponding pools located in the controlled zone. At
HIGH LEVEL ACTIVITY WASTE m3/year (Spent fuel) 100 90 80 70 CNT 60 CNA 50 40 30 23 20 10 11 10 11 9 9 12 12 10 8 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Medium and Low Activity Waste
This type of waste is originated as a result of plant operations and maintenance, through activities carried out in the controlled zone. This also applies with regard to the spent outputs from filtration and purification of coolant and from other systems, materials resulting from installation maintenance work, and protective clothing.
12 Medium and Low Activity Waste is processed within the power plants themselves, with the objective of preparing it for final storage. There is a specific treatment process for each type of waste material, depending on its origin:
• Heterogeneous solids
• Drainage, from evaporator concentrate
• Pressed solids
• Spent ionic exchange resins
• Used filters
• Evaporator concentrates
During 2014, Almaraz Plant generated a total of 43.12 m3 of waste of medium and high activity, and 84.48 m3 waste of low activity. Trillo NPP generated 36.52 m3 and 13.42 m3 respectively. The graph records the combined trend for production of this waste.
MEDIIUM & LOW ACTIVITY WASTE m3/year 500
450
400
350
300
250
200 CNT CNA 150 124 128 112 100 92 88 50 50 50 40 47 45 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
13 The diagram shows the proportional distribution of the different categories.
MEDIUM & LOW ACTIVITY WASTE CATEGORIES 2014 (Almaraz - Trillo)
1.6%
8.4% Prenssed solids
9.2% Ion exchange resin
Drainages
Heterogemeous solids 17.1% 63.7% Filters
Medium and Low Activity Waste Material, once conditioned for the purpose of preparing it for final storage, is stored temporarily inside the plants, and is routinely removed by the National Radioactive Waste Company (Empresa Nacional de Residuos Radiactivos - ENRESA) to sites within facilities provided for storage at El Cabril (Córdoba).
During 2014, several dispatches were made to these installations, totalling 55.22 m3 from Almaraz and 44 m3 from Trillo.
In 2014, approximately 14t of activated carbon was treated between the Almaraz and Trillo NPPs, after its declassification in accordance with protocols established and approved by the Nuclear Safety Council, and this was managed as hazardous waste.
14 PRODUCTION OF HAZARDOUS AND NON-HARZADOUS WASTE MATERIALS
Like any other power plant, nuclear power plants routinely generate, industrial-type waste, non-radioactive, due largely as a result of preventative maintenance of machines and conventional equipment: replacement of oils, equipment sludge cleaning, filters, containers, etc. All these activities result in the generation of different categories of Hazardous and Non-Hazardous waste.
Exceptionally, waste may also be generated as the result of work and design modifications, and unusual corrective maintenance activities, which cause fluctuations in the time series.
The Hazardous Waste trend is shown below:
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Tm/year 2,000
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800 700 600
344 400 305 235 239 200 225 187 188 165 156 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
CNT CNA
As discussed above, the series highlights the extraordinary activities carried out in 2011, replacing turbine oil and cleaning components at Almaraz NPP.
15 The following graph shows the relative proportions of different types of hazardous waste in 2014.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MAIN CATEGORIES 2014 (Almaraz - Trillo)
2.4% 2.1% 2.7% 2.9% 2.9% 3.7% 30.9% 4.0% 4.8%
4.9%
20.1% 11.2%
(Including waste categories generated up 5 tonnes)
Electronic and electrical wastw Desclassificated activated carbon Water with detergent Waste with hydrocarbons Used oils Impregnated clothing and absorbent Diesel generator cooling Material with asbestos Cooling oil Chemical agents outside specification
Oil-water-sludge mix and hydraulic sludge Ion exchange resin Packs have contained hazardous subtance Flocculant with water
16 It is noteworthy regarding non-hazardous waste, that the most sensitive category in relation to unusual activities at the plant is the generation of debris and construction and demolition waste (CDW), as a result of design modification work which occurred during the year.
Another important contribution is the generation of sludge resulting from the pre-treatment of the water intake to both Plants, which has been consolidated with the routine generation of non-hazardous waste, following the commissioning of new pre-treatment plants at Almaraz and Trillo NPPs in 2012, as shown in the following chart, in comparison with other categories.
NON - HAZARDOUS WASTE CATEGORIES 2’014 (Almaraz - Trillo)
53.5%
16.1%
0.004% 8.6% 0.01% 0.1% 5.6% 6.8% 0.9% 1.0%
Sludge for agricultural use Paper-cardboard Construction and demolition waste Plastic Household waste Electronic and electrical waste Scrap iron Ion Exchange resin Wood Batteries Pruning waste Glass
17 The year-on-year trend of non-hazardous waste (excluding Construction and Demolition Waste – CDW, because of its extraordinary sensitivity to variations as discussed above) is shown below:
NON - HAZARDOUS WASTE
Tm/year
10,000
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,164 1,334 1,133 1,326 1,000 854 932 901 447 746 389
0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CNT CNA
18 CALCULATED EFFLUENT DOSES
External doses resulting from effluents from both plants either as liquids or to the atmosphere, remain at very low levels, demonstrably less than the limits established by the Nuclear Safety Council, and they reflect the corresponding External Doses Calculation Manuals - EDCMs. These doses are insignificant compared to those originated by natural background radiation, and the associated graphs show the year-on-year changes.
Natural background radiation is of the order of 700 to 1200 μSv/year in areas surrounding the sites, while radiation from doses resulting from operation of the plants lies in the range 50 – 100 times lower, in the most unfavourable situation.
The true calculation of doses, taking into consideration human geography and the actual activities taking place close by, results in values even less than those referred to, which means the contribution to environmental radiation from operation of the Power Plants is insignificant.
EXTERNAL DOSE FROM EFFLUENTS TRILLO NPP micro Sv/year
Limit 100
80
60
40
20
3.82 1.69 0.25 2.05 0.22 0.18 2.17 0.18 1.91 0.09 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Liquid effluents Gas effluents
19 EXTERNAL DOSE FROM EFFLUENTS ALMARAZ NPP
micro Sv/year 220 Límit 200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20 0.73 2.99 1.20 1.97 1.39 1.96 1.41 1.43 1.10 2.24 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Liquid effluents Gas effluents
DOSES MEASURED DURING ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE
Dosage value trends are measured in the surroundings of both plants and recorded as part of the corresponding environmental radiological surveillance programmes, and a comparison is provided of the measurements in 2014 for the Almaraz and Trillo Plants, with values from the Nuclear Safety Council REVIRA programme, which indicates that the levels for our sites are even less those found in the natural surroundings in several places.
20 Effective dose ALMARAZ NPP ENVIRONMENTAL REDIOLOGICAL (mSv/year) MONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL DOSE
2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Effective dose TRILLO NPP ENVIRONMENTAL REDIOLOGICAL (mSv/year) MONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL DOSE
2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
21 ENVIRONMENTAL DOSIMETRY: ALMARAZ - TRILLO COMPARISON WITH REVIRA-CSN STATION
CNT
CNA
Talayuela
Serrejón
Saucedilla
Romangordo
Navalmoral de la Mata
Casas de Miravete
Almaraz
Soria
Teruel
Talavera la Real (BA)
Saelices el Chico (SA)
Madrid
Herrera del Duque (BA)
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Dose (mSv/year)
22 PHYSICO-CHEMICAL DISCHARGES
Plant effluents are treated prior to discharge into the receiving environment, and comprehensive monitoring of physico-chemical parameters takes place. The following graphs show the evolution of the main parameters restricted by their discharge authorisations, that are sent monthly to the Tajo Hydrographic Confederation.
PHYSICO - CHEMICAL DISCHARGES | TRILLO NPP
DQO pH Suspended solids Ammonium Phosphorus Hydrocarbons
mg/l
50 46.5 45
40
35
30
25
20.0 22.2 20 15.5 15 12.6 11.2 12.1 10 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.3 8.1 6.5 6.8 6.9 5
0.1 0.2 0.02 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.3 0.04 0.2 0.3 0.08 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
23 PHYSYCO - CHEMICAL DISCHARGES | ALMARAZ NPP
DQO pH Suspended solids Ammonium Phosphorus Hydrocarbons
mg/l
50
45
40
35
30 27.5 27.0 25.6 26.4 25
20 17.8 15
10 8.7 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.1 8.0 7.3 7.5 7.1 5.3 5
0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.1 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
RESOURCE CONSUMPTION
This category of Environmental Issues refers to the use of abiotic resources, whether as part of the main power generation production process, or by auxiliary services.
24 The main consumption consists of:
• Enriched uranium • Water • Electricity • Diesel (Emergency Electricity Generation Systems, auxiliary steam on shutdowns, FP and vehicles).
RESOURCE CONSUMPTION | TRILLO NPP
200
180
160
140
120
100
80 72 71 69 65 60 59 53 53 53 51 52 40 21 21 19 19 20 16 17 18 18 18 17
0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Water (Hm3/year) Uranium (Tm/year) Electricity (10xGWh) Diesel (10xm3)
25 RESOURCE CONSUMPTION | ALMARAZ NPP
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
59 58 58 59 59 60 55
40 38 39 38 38 38 32 30 30 31 28 28 25 28 20 17
0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Water (Hm3/year) Uranium (Tm/year) Electricity (10xGWh) Diesel (10xm3)
LEGISLATION
The Environmental Management System The legislative compliance verification process defines a procedure to ensure identification and takes place every six months, and is discussed by compliance with environmental legislative requirements the A.I.E. Board in the Environmental Committees, applicable to the installations. It uses a software and during the Annual Review of Environmental program and legislative database, updated monthly, Management by the Board. which includes all conventional legal or voluntary provisions classified n terms of applicability to the With regard to legislation, the development Almaraz-Trillo Nuclear Plants, with the corresponding of the following legislation had particular relevance for detailed requirements extracted. our activities in 2014:
26 • Royal Decree 97/2014, of 14 February, • Law 11/2014, of 3 July, amending whereby dangerous goods transport Law 26/2007, of 23 October, regarding operations by road in Spanish territory are Environmental Responsibility. regulated. • Royal Decree – Law 13/2014, of 3 October, • Decree 13/2014, of 18 February, approving whereby urgent measures were adopted in the Monfragüe National Park Usage and relation to the gas system and ownership of Management Plan. nuclear power plants.
• Decree 11/2014, of 20 February, which • DecisiOn 2014/955, of 18 December, creates and regulates the Castilla - La Mancha amending Decision 2000/532 regarding the Register of Self-Protection Plans. list of waste materials, pursuant to Directive 2008/98. • Regulation 517/2014, of 16 April, on fluorinated greenhouse gases, repealing Regulation 842/2006.
ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITS
In September 2014, the Environmental The auditors inspected the Almaraz and Trillo Management System (ISO 14001) was audited by plants and activities at the Plant Offices. Previously, in the Spanish Association for Standardisation and May, an internal system audit had been carried out, Certification (AENOR), after the Certificate had been which forms part of the verification process. in force for nine years, and it was declared to be “compliant”.
27 There were several inspections by the Nuclear Safety Council on subjects related to the environment at both plants.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMMES
Almaraz and Trillo plants have historically implemented several environmental monitoring programmes, with the aim of verifying the absence of significant environmental impacts as a consequence of their activities, whether of a radiological or conventional type.
The content of these programmes are detailed below:
STUDIES OF THE ALMARAZ NUCLEAR POWER PLANT SURROUNDINGS.
Basically, two environmental studies of the surrounding areas of the Almaraz plant were carried • Capacity 35,5 hm3. out incorporating the Arrocampo and Torrejón reservoirs. • Very elongated form, with a length greater than 10 Km and a surface area of 7.73 Km2, • Ecological Study of the aquatic with a predominance of shallow water. ecosystem. • Divided into two parts with a thermal separation screen which requires the cooling water to execute a path approximately 25 km • Thermal study of the reservoirs. along the reservoir facilitating cooling prior to returning to the cooling intake.
These surveillance studies are broadly • The natural hydric supply to the Arrocampo based because the Arrocampo reservoir must also reservoir is much reduced, and is fed mainly be regarded as another system forming part of the by water from the river Tajo, through pumping. plant as it was constructed specifically for industrial cooling of the Almaraz Plant, and therefore it is used • The water added to the Arrocampo reservoir for final heat dissipation which requires the most from the Torrejón reservoir has a high nutrient accurate knowledge possible about characteristics level, particularly phosphorous and nitrogen. relating to its capability to fulfil the cooling function in both the short and the long-term. This requires • The contribution of these nutrients, combined intensive management and surveillance of both with the effect of the water temperature causes biological and physico-chemical parameters, the development of a significant biomass of especially temperature. planktonic organisms in Arrocampo, and their metabolic processes influence the quality of The main characteristics of the Arrocampo the water which must therefore be controlled reservoir are as follows: and monitored.
28 ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE ARROCAMPO AND TORREJÓN RESERVOIRS
Two studies carried out in an independent and coordinated manner are used to monitor the aquatic ecosystems of both reservoirs:
• Limnological study. • Ichthyological study.
The limnological study sampling and analysis programme consists of sampling and measurement points and is carried out with the frequency detailed in the following table:
NUMBER OF SAMPLING POINTS RESERVOIR LIMNOLOGICAL STUDY ICHTHYOLOGICAL STUDY
ARROCAMPO 7 7
TORREJÓN 8 10
VALDECAÑAS 1 -
ESENTIALS 3 -
MEASUREMENT/SAMPLING MONTHLY / SEASONAL BIMONTHLY / QUARTERLY FREQUENCY
These studies are used to determine the state of the ichthyofauna, and the diversity and abundance of species, paying attention to their evolution over time. From a limnological viewpoint, the plankton state is monitored in detail, as well as the wide variety of physico-chemical variables.
The results obtained from both studies, which are sent to the Administration, indicate the existence of a dynamic equilibrium in the ecosystem consisting of the Arrocampo reservoir, which is observed to be affected fundamentally by the plant’s power level, the physico-chemical characteristics and volume of water provided from Torrejón, and the meteorological conditions in the area. This state of equilibrium has not experienced any significant modification during recent years. The Torrejón reservoir shows conditional zoning, in the initial stretch as a result of the channelled flow from the deep water of the Valdecañas reservoir, in the middle stretch a result of the recirculated flow from the Arrocampo reservoir, and in the final stretch as a consequence of the pumped flow from Tiétar.
29 THERMAL STUDY OF THE ARROCAMPO AND TORREJÓN RESERVOIRS
Exhaustive monitoring of the temperature The thermal study measurement programme trends in the water in the Arrocampo and Torrejón employs measurement points and is carried out with reservoirs has been carried out, and an evaluation of the the frequency detailed in the following table: values measured with the objective of understanding the thermal impact which plant operations have on the water mass.
NUMBER OF SAMPLING POINTS RESERVOIR AUTOMATIC MANUAL
ARROCAMPO 3 16
TORREJÓN 2 6
ESSENTIALS 1 - MEASUREMENT Dally to monthly depending Continuous FREQUENCY on the point
Continuous measurement and recording In order to comply with the conditions of the systems are also provided to measure temperature, water exploitation concession, the most relevant the pH value, dissolved oxygen and water flow in the information about the thermal state of the reservoirs is Arrocampo overflow, with the objective of verifying the sent monthly to the Tajo Hydrographic Confederation, basic characteristics of the discharge from Arrocampo. the responsible management body, so that it is kept constantly updated about this condition.
STUDY OF THE TRILLO NUCLEAR POWER PLANT SURROUNDING AREAS
The environmental study of the aquatic of metals and other undesirable substances, as well ecosystems carried out in the vicinity of the Trillo plant as the characteristics of other elements of the aquatic consist currently of monitoring the river Tajo, where the ecosystem such as sediments, benthic algae, phyto surplus thermal discharge is made after cooling in the and zoo plankton and ichthyofauna. towers, and the general phisico-chemical condition of the Plant and the Entrepeñas reservoir, located The capture of water from the river Tajo is taken downstream in the proximity of the Plant. from the water held by the Ermita dam, constructed to guarantee a constant level to enable the functioning This study covers evaluation of the water quality of the pumps supplying the Plant, which is from the physico-chemical viewpoint, and its content subsequently discharged to the river again after
30 fulfilling its cooling function, immediately into the water significant variations in levels experienced throughout downstream of the dam through a diffuser system the year. The basic use made of the water stored which facilitates complete mixing with the flow in the in the Entrepeñas reservoir is for hydroelectric river. production and irrigation, as together with the Buendía reservoir they constitute the reserve for the The Plant is situated at the extreme end of Tajo-Segura transfer. the zone of upper Tajo, where the river experiences significant flow variations due to the non-existence The sampling and analysis programme of water regulation from the higher reaches causing consists of 4 sampling points situated upstream and flooding, although minor, with a particular frequency, downstream of Ermita weir, including a point located coinciding with episodes of intense rainfall, and these in the Entrepeñas reservoir, capturing water samples have a bearing on water quality as a result of the every month, and sediments, benthic algae, phyto debris picked up at such times. and zoo plankton and ichthyofauna, every quarter.
Generally, the waters of the Tajo in the area of All samples are analyzed for the content of the Plant are of good quality, and can be characterized different metals and those from the water are also as oligotrophic. analysed for various physico-chemical parameters, which could be affected by the operation of the Plant. The Entrepeñas reservoir is located downstream Samples of benthic algae, plankton and fish are also close to the Plant and its principal characteristic is submitted to biological analysis (species identification, the low level experienced in recent years, and the abundance, biomass, primary production, etc).
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING
The Almaraz and Trillo Plants employ The usefulness of the results obtained continuous and strict control and monitoring of their from the analysis are assured through parallel own radioactive effluent emissions. Nonetheless, in implementation of a quality control programme by order to verify experimentally the impact radioactive another laboratory, independent of the main one, elements might have on the environment, the plants and by the implementation of a programme of direct have implemented an Environmental Radiological independent monitoring (PVRAIN) by the Nuclear Monitoring Programme (ERMP) through direct Safety Council. measurement of radiation levels in the surroundings near to the installations, and of the content of Also, in the case of the Almaraz Plant, a radioactive substances from a series of types of collaboration agreement is maintained with CEDEX to environmental samples which are collected from a set enable this official body, reporting to the Ministry of of sampling points. Public Works, to carry out independent surveillance of the aquatic resources in the proximity of the Plant. Comprehensive monitoring is carried out on Extremadura Council also carries out independent all abiotic elements and living organisms represented radiological monitoring, with the help of the University in the ecosystems associated with all the natural of Extremadura. resources of the surroundings of the plants (air, land and water). The results obtained during 2014 at both plants indicate that the radiological state of the ecosystems Over a thousand samples are taken at each of in their surroundings have experienced no significant the Plants and between 1,500 and 2,000 different types variations during the year, with natural background of analyses are carried out (gamma spectrometric, values remaining unchanged, confirming the beta activity, environmental doses, strontium, tritium absence of environmental effects due to the leakage and radioiodine), clearly demonstrating the magnitude of radioactive elements, rendering radiologically of the surveillance implemented. insignificant any leakages from both plants.
31 METEOROLOGICAL STUDIES
The Almaraz and Trillo plants employ meteorological stations to continuously measure and record the most significant parameters such as temperature, precipitation, wind direction and speed, humidity and solar radiation. The meteorological information is of particular relevance for various applications related to the environment, providing an excellent description of the climate at the site, after thirty years of monitoring.
The stations provide the required redundancy to ensure continuous availability of meteorological information.
The average temperature readings and total precipitation registered during recent years at each plant are shown below, as well as the corresponding wind frequency rose diagrams for each direction.
ALAMARAZ NPP METEOROLOGY AT THE SITE AVERAGE TEMPERATURE AND TOTAL PRECIPITATION
Precipitation Tª ( ºC ) (mm)
20 1.000
18 800
16 600
14 400
12 200
10 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
32 TRILLO NPP METEOROLOGY AT THE SITE AVERAGE TEMPERATURE AND TOTAL PRECIPITATION
Precipitation Tª ( ºC ) (mm)
20 1.000
18 800
16 600
14 400
12 200
10 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
33 Almaraz NPP
Compass Rose of the year 2014 Compass Rose. Period 1987 - 2014
Trillo NPP
Compass Rose. Period 1976 - 2014 Compass Rose old 100 m. Year 2014
34 RELATIONSHIP WITH INTERESTED PARTIES
LOCAL AUTHORITIES
CNAT continues to maintain fluid and 160 personalised meetings were also held with dynamic relationships with institutions which have the mayors of the surrounding municipalities to study responsibilities in the field of power plant performance, the relationships of the Plants with each municipality on and four biannual meetings were held on this matter a bilateral basis, and potential collaboration channels. in 2014, two at each plant, with the mayors of the Local Information Committees are being established municipalities in the areas of influence, and details of annually, organized by the Ministry of Industry, Energy the operating results and future plans and projects and Tourism (MINETUR). were provided.
MEDIA
A close relationship is also maintained with In addition, the managers of both plants have the media based on accuracy, transparency and held meetings with the media in their surrounding our constant availability to meet their information areas, in order to provide relevant information about the demands. During 2014, 25 news bulletins were installations with regard to operating results and future distributed, providing information about the most plans and projects. significant events at the installations related to various operational and maintenance topics at the Plants (refuellings, drills etc., environmental issues and other information of general interest).
PUBLIC
Over time, the Information Centres at the CNAT continues with the edition of publications, Almaraz and Trillo Plants have emerged as effective both periodic and specialised. During 2014 they have communication channels with society. been made available to the general interest various publications, most available on the website of CNAT Thanks to the diversity of the audiovisual and (www.cnat.es). exhibition resources provided, the general public is notably more knowledgeable about significant The organization has a corporate blog www. environmental aspects concerning nuclear energy, and energiaymas.es to present to the public the activity in particular, the characteristics of nuclear installations. that takes place in our facilities and municipalities in their areas of influence.
35 IMMEDIATE VICINITY
Almaraz and Trillo Nuclear Power Plants are an important socio-economic reference point, as they represent an unquestionable source of jobs and wealth in their areas of influence. The commitment of the Plants to their neighbouring communities materialises in the form of support for initiatives that impact on improving the quality of life and the economic and social development of their regions. In 2014 there were several different initiatives and the most significant undertaken in the environmental field were as follows:
• Agreement with the Department of Ecology, dissemination of energy and the environment Faculty of Sciences at UEX, to carry out scientific in Extremadura. and technical work relating to monitoring spatio- temporal structures and sequences of plant • Collaboration Agreement with the Association populations in the areas surrounding Almaraz for the Defence of Water Quality (ADECAGUA) NPP, and the bird populations that use the to promote the introduction of school teachers Arrocampo reservoir. and secondary school teachers to bodies of water in general. • Collaboration agreement between the University of Extremadura and the Almaraz • Invitation to the XVIII edition of the photographic Nuclear Power Plant, establishing a Chair contest “Nature in Extremadura”, with a on Energy and Environment to support travelling exhibition of the best photographs of the promotion of training, research and the localities in the area.
36 ALMARAZ NPP PO Box, 74 10300 Navalmoral de la Mata (Cáceres) Tel.: (+34) 927 54 50 90 Tel.: (+34) 927 02 52 00 FAX: (+34) 927 54 50 90 [email protected]
TRILLO NPP PO Box, 2 19450 Trillo (Guadalajara) Tel.: (+34) 949 81 79 00 Tel.: (+34) 949 02 32 00 Fax: (+34) 949 81 78 26 [email protected]
CN.NN ALMARAZ-TRILLO Avda. de Manoteras, 46-bis Edificio Delta Norte 3, planta 5ª 28050 Madrid Tel.: (+34) 91 555 91 11 Fax: (+34) 91 556 65 20 [email protected]