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Sri Krishna and Lord Jagannath Orissa Review June - 2009 Sri Krishna and Lord Jagannath Somanath Khuntia Before dealing with the Puja system of the great Jagannath Temple of Puri, we must look into the real definition of the terms Vaishnava and Vaishnavism. According to Indian epics, there are three deities, known as Trishakti, Trideva or Trio. They are Brahma, the creator, Vishnu, the maintainer and Shiva the destroyer. These three attributes are indispensable in all matters; even now in science and in the simple construction of a building. Everything we think, feel, and hear is subject to these three influences, as told by the of a divine man, or Avatar, as a father would ancient Rishies in the days of yore. come to protect his children. It is most interesting to note, however, that 'Jada jada hi dharmasya Avataras, or Divine Beings who incarnate on earth Glanirbhabati Bharat as man from time to time to uplift humanity, are Abhyuthanamdharmasya never born. They come to earth in a divine way, Tadatmanam Srujamyaham from Vishnu, the Maintainer Himself. There are Paritranaya Sadhunam no Avatars of Brahma or Shiva. According to Binasaya cha Duskrutam." Ishabasya Upanishad, all creation is filled with "Whenever problems overwhelm the world, Divinity. To uphold Dharma, or Righteousness, "Ishabasyamidam sarbam jat kichnitya I incarnate from age to age." dagatya jagat." From the word Vishnu, "Vaishnava" is That which is created is easy to destroy, derived, that is, one who worships Vishnu, the but difficult to maintain and protect. For this maintainer and protector. This worship or spiritual reason, Lord Vishnu Himself comes in the form practice is known as "Vaishnavism". 65 Orissa Review June - 2009 In Vaishnavism, we do not give so much and its sweetness. So mixed with good feelings is emphasis to Patanjali's Yoga Sutras, such as: it that even anger is not anger, and sadness is not 1. Yama- Non-violence, having truth, sorrow. The main Gopi of Krishna's childhood compassion, forgiveness, purity days, Radha, was the foremost example of this love. When Krishna left Brindaban for Dwaraka, 2. Niyama- Spiritual practice, puja, worship, He did not return. Four days became four years japa or telling holy names, giving alms and more, although He had promised to return. 3. Asana-such as Hatha Yoga Radha one day tells her friends like this. 4. Pranayama-breathing exercises "Krishna is now busy in Dwaraka. He is 5. Pratiyahara-worship through forms, known not coming. I will die one day. Please, my dear as Sakara, formless worship, known as sisters, you can do this one thing for me. At that Nirakara, and seeing God in all, known as time, carry my dead body on the path where He Atmabhava. once walked. Over it you throw a cloth on which is written only Krishna, Krishna, and Krishna. 6. Dharana- one- pointedness, or forbearance Write His name on my breasts. If by chance the 7. Dhyana-rneditation sound of a sweet flute is heard, turn my head so 8. Samadhi-God realization that its sweet music will enter my ear. This is my last prayer to you, my dear sisters. Let my dead Here what alone is essential is Bishwasa, body also be content that I have been with Him, or Faith, and Anuraga, or Loyalty and Affection, and let all remember that here is a lady who liked and most importantly, Abhimana or Unconditional Him so much." Love. In Vaishnavism complex rituals are not at "Bishwasa" means having complete faith, all necessary. The essential thing is only this with no doubt, blind faith even. With such faith in Radha-Bhava, the Love of Radha for Sri Krishna, her Lord Krishna, while uttering His name, the and Anurakti, the feeling that Radha had of being poet-saint Mirabai drank poison. The poison inseparable from God. This Anurakti is the feeling turned to nectar. "Anuraga" is the feeling of of treating God as a man; no third party is required. loyalty, even if it is only one-sided. The child There is just the devotee and God, not a God Dhruva meditated in the forest, not to get anything. made of wood or brass, but alive and one, we But when he had a vision of Lord Vishnu, he was can talk to in a human way. What is true to us is given a place in the sky, known as Dhruva Star. true to Him also. A true Vaikuntha or Heaven is When one gives flowers to God, decorates God, not far away, but right here in the midst of the brings food to God, and meditates on Him out of home. God is with us like a member of the family. such deep affection, with no thought of results, Krishna Himself said in Bhagavat Geeta. but simply as an offering, this is Anuraga. "Abhimana" is the highest feeling for a "Mada Bhaktra Jatra Gayanti Vaishnavite. It is that found only between a Tatra Tisthami Narada" husband and wife, or a devotee and God. It is "I do not live in Vaikuntha or Dwaraka, love of the deepest kind, as in the union of the but where My devotees sing and remember Me, sun and its ray, a flower and its scent; or sugar I am there." 66 Orissa Review June - 2009 A true Vaishnavite is a selfless servant and 2. Dharjya - Patience surrenders to this almighty, before acting. He 3. Kshyama - Forgiveness does not believe in his own strength or worldly power or wealth. To him, his body and the whole 4. Nyaya - Justice world consist of only two things. Chetana and 5. Nirapeksha - Impartiality Achetana." Achetana" means non-awareness and 6. Nirasakta - Detachment refers to the physical transient blood and bones that make up the body. "Chetana" means 7. Tapasya - Meditation and spiritual powers awareness and refers to the invisible and Supreme 8. Aparchitta - Invincibility Purusha, or Divine Being residing within this pure 9. Danasheel - Beneficience, Bestower of all shell. When a Vaishnavite surrenders, he forgets wealth in the world and nature. the misery of "Achetana" and communicates directly with the invisible God dwelling inside 10. Saundarjyamaya - Beauty Incarnate himself. 11. Nrityajna - Best of dancers Jesus, Mohammed, Buddha, Adishankar, 12. Sangitajna - Best of singers Chaitanya, Ramakrishna, they all had glimpses of 13. Neetibadi - Embodiment of Honesty Godhood. Their ways and means were different, but their goal was the same. But Sri Krishna came 14. Satyabadi - Truth itself to be the symbol for Vaishnavism. 15. Sarvagnata - Perfect master of all arts, such If a devotee thinks of God to be his inner as poetry, drama, painting, etc. master, closer than the eyelid to the eye, Krishna 16. Sarvaniyanta - Controller of All comes as Krishna Chandra; as friend, So eventhough many sages and seers have Golakchandra; as divine child, Balkrishna; as come, having divine attributes, such as lover, Gopikrishna; as cowherd boy, Gopal Compassion, Dharrna, Sacrifice, which have Krishna, as the one who steals all hearts, Chitta helped the world, none was having the spiritual Chora; as the most attractive in the world, as power of Sri Krishna. Krishna Himself. The word "Krishna" means to Krishna is Brahmanda Pati, "Lord of all the attract, and from the derivative word of Krishna, universes, of which this world is only a small part. "Karsayati iti Krishna." His name also means the There are numerous universes not even seen or excuser of all mistakes. Taking anyone name and knowable. Narada tells that for this reason alone its substance, a devotee can reach Krishna. In all should take shelter in him". such a way was He a peculiar and unique Avatar to the world. In the Oriya version of Bhagavata, it is told, Many divine souls and Avatars have come "Brahmanda mala mala hoi / to the world, but only Sri Krishna was called the To lomakupe jhuluthai //" "Poorna Avatar", the full Avatar having all 16 "Whole universes are revolving around me, I am kalas, or divine arts or attributes within Him. They here to care for all." are as follows: In the last part of Mahabharat,a mysterious 1. Daya - Compassion connection is made. Sri Krishna told Arjuna, 67 Orissa Review June - 2009 "Now that the war is over, hear what I want; I carve an image from it as he saw in this dream, wish to take rest in Seealee Lata, a distant forest and install it in the great Jagannath Temple of Puri. of creepers. I know all. There while I sleep, I will Thus Sri Krishna became Lord Jagannath for the be killed by site of Jagannath Puri, as stated in modern age, and all of His Leelas and past times Rig Veda, continue today in the Sri Kshetra of Puri, as they "Ato Jutta daru Plabate once did in Brindavan. Sindhupara aparusiya". According to the epic Indra Neelamani and "Ato" means here, "Jutta" means that, "Daru Niladri Mahodaya, it was this same image of Sri means wood, Plabate" means floating, Krishna that was being worshipped by "sindhupare" means that side of the ocean, Bishwabasu, the tribesman who met King "apuruseya" means not manmade. Indradyumna's minister, who had been sent to find the divine Murti. "Something will be carved from a log of wood floating on the ocean here (describing the The image was called Neela Madhava or origin of the Murti of Lord Jagannath along the Nilakanta Bigraha. 'Neela'means the colour of the beach of Puri) that cannot be manmade". sky and Kanta' means beautiful. This 'Bigraha'. or deity was none other than Ghanashyam, or Sri About that dense forest more details are Krishna Himself. On reaching the tribal man' hut, given in the ancient Sanskrit text of Jagannath the minister was fed a sumptuous meal, which he Temple, called Niladri Mahoday, in which the called 'Mahaprasad', or the food of the gods.
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