NCRP: Achievements of the Past 50 Years and Addressing the Needs of the Future

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

NCRP: Achievements of the Past 50 Years and Addressing the Needs of the Future Fiftieth Annual Meeting Program NCRP: Achievements of the Past 50 Years and Addressing the Needs of the Future March 10–11, 2014 Hyatt Regency Bethesda One Bethesda Metro Center 7400 Wisconsin Avenue Bethesda, MD 20814 Front cover: Past and current Presidents of NCRP [top to bottom]: Lauriston S. Taylor, 1929 – 1977 Warren K. Sinclair, 1977 – 1991 Charles B. Meinhold, 1991 – 2002 Thomas S. Tenforde, 2002 – 2012 John D. Boice, Jr., 2012 – NCRP Mission: To support radiation protection by providing independent scientific analysis, information and recommendations that represent the consensus of leading scientists. Please visit the NCRP website, http://NCRPpublications.org, for a complete list of publications. Reports and commentaries are available in both PDF and hardcopy formats unless otherwise noted. Book reviews of NCRP publications are also available at this website. Contact NCRP's Executive Director, James R. Cassata ([email protected]), for more information. Introduction NCRP: Achievements of the Past 50 Years and Addressing the Needs of the Future Fiftieth Annual Meeting of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) The program will celebrate the 50th year since our Con- radiation protection. This will be followed by a pre- gressional charter in 1964. Notable contributions sentation of the complex dosimetry needs and practi- to radiation protection policies and programs will be cal approaches being applied to the ongoing recalled, but the speakers will focus primarily on import- epidemiologic study of one million U.S. radiation ant challenges and opportunities to address the needs of workers and veterans. the nation for the future. Presentations will be given by • Session five opens with possibly the most important leading experts in each of the seven areas of protection issue in radiation protection today and in medicine in to be covered with ample opportunities to ask questions particular (i.e., the protection for patients in diagnos- verbally or textually. tic and interventional medical imaging). Following are presentations on protection of patients in radiation • Session one addresses basic radiation protection therapy and radiation protection of the developing criteria, epidemiology, radiobiology and risk. It embryo, fetus, and nursing infant. includes presentations on integrating basic radiobio- • Session six covers the topics of radiation education, logical science and epidemiological studies, chal- risk communication, outreach, and policy. lenges for radiation protection in space exploration, • Two concluding presentations address historical and the biological effectiveness of x and gamma rays trends in radiation protection, policy and communi- as a function of energy. cations from 1964 to the present and the role played • Session two covers nuclear and radiological security by national and international organizations in guiding and safety concerns. The challenges facing an and influencing U.S. radiation protection standards appropriate medical response to terrorist events and regulations. involving improvised nuclear or radiological dispersal devices will be presented. After the emergency crisis In addition, there will be two featured speakers: has ended and the first responders have left, decision Dr. Jerrold T. Bushberg the Warren K. Sinclair Keynote making for late-phase recovery following a nuclear Speaker and Dr. Fred A. Mettler, Jr. is the Lauriston S. incident with widespread radioactive contamination Taylor Lecturer. will be discussed. • Session three explores both current and emerging Program Chair and NCRP Honorary Vice President, Ken- issues in operational and environmental radiation neth R. Kase, will synthesize and summarize the diverse protection. Specific topics include radiation safety topics covered, and will expand on the opportunities and and security of sealed sources (and how to protect challenges in science, operations, and communications the cowboys in the field), radiation safety associated faced as we strive to address the needs of the nation in with technologically-enhanced naturally-occurring the 21st century. radioactive material in the oil and gas industry (with a focus on fracking), and radiation safety in the bur- NCRP President, John D. Boice, Jr., will close the geoning area of research and applications in nano- 2014 Annual Meeting by briefly summarizing NCRP’s per- technology. spective on future needs in radiation protection • Session four focuses on radiation measurement and and mission obligations in accordance with our dosimetry. The first presentation emphasizes the Congressional charter. continuing need for dosimetry and measurements in 1 NCRP: Achievements of the Past 50 Years and Addressing the Needs of the Future Monday, March 10, 2014 Opening Session Nuclear and Radiological Security 8:15 am Welcome and Safety (PAC 3 & 5) John D. Boice, Jr. John W. Poston, Sr. & Jill A. Lipoti, President, NCRP Session Co-Chairs 11:10 am Response to an Improvised Eleventh Annual Warren K. Sinclair Nuclear Device or a Radiological Dispersal Device: Models, Keynote Address Measurements, and Medical Care 8:30 am Science, Radiation Protection, and C. Norman Coleman the NCRP: Building on the Past, National Cancer Institute Looking to the Future 11:35 am Decision Making for Late-Phase Jerrold T. Bushberg Recovery from Nuclear or University of California, Davis Radiological Incidents (What’s Next After the First Responders Basic Criteria, Epidemiology, Have Left?) S.Y. Chen Radiobiology, and Risk (PAC 1) Illinois Institute of Technology Kathryn D. Held, Session Chair 12:00 pm Q&A 9:15 am Integrating Basic Radiobiological 12:15 pm Lunch Science and Epidemiological Studies (Why and How?) R. Julian Preston Operational and Environmental U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Radiation Protection (PAC 2 & 5) Carol D. Berger & Ruth E. McBurney, 9:40 am Radiation Safety and Human Session Co-Chairs Spaceflight: Importance of the NCRP Advisory Role in Protecting 1:45 pm Radiation Safety of Sealed Against Large Uncertainties Radioactive Sources Francis A. Cucinotta Kathryn H. Pryor University of Nevada Las Vegas Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 10:05 am Biological Effectiveness of Photons and Electrons as a 2:10 pm Pennsylvania's Technologically- Function of Energy Enhanced Naturally-Occurring Steven L. Simon Radioactive Material Experiences National Cancer Institute and Studies of the Oil and Gas Industry David J. Allard 10:30 am Q&A Pennsylvania Department of 10:50 am Break Environmental Protection 2 Program Summary 2:35 pm Radiation Safety in Nanotechnology (Does Size Tuesday, March 11 Matter?) Mark D. Hoover National Institute for Occupational 8:15 am NCRP Annual Business Meeting Safety and Health 9:15 am Break 3:00 pm Q&A Radiation Protection in Medicine Radiation Measurement and (PAC 4) Dosimetry (PAC 6) Donald L. Miller, Session Chair Wesley E. Bolch, Session Chair 9:45 am Protection of Patients in 3:20 pm Framework and Need for Diagnostic and Interventional Dosimetry and Measurements: Medical Imaging Quantitation Matters Kimberly E. Applegate Raymond A. Guilmette Emory University School of Medicine Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute 10:10 am Protection and Measurement in Radiation Therapy Steven G. Sutlief 3:45 pm Dose Reconstruction for the University of Washington Medical Million Worker Epidemiological Center Study Andre Bouville 10:35 am Protection of the Developing National Cancer Institute Embryo and Fetus from Ionizing Radiation Exposure 4:10 pm Q&A Robert L. Brent Alfred I. duPont Institute Hospital for 4:25 pm Break Children Thirty-Eighth Lauriston S. Taylor 11:00 am Q&A Lecture on Radiation Protection and Measurements Radiation Education, Risk 5:00 pm Introduction of the Lecturer Communication, Outreach, and Milton J. Guiberteau Policy (PAC 7) On the Shoulders of Giants: Julie E.K. Timins, Session Chair Radiation Protection Over 50 Years 11:20 am Historical Trends in Radiation Fred A. Mettler, Jr. Protection, Policy and New Mexico Federal Regional Communications: 1964 to the Medical Center Present Paul A. Locke 6:00 pm Reception in Honor of the Lecturer The Johns Hopkins University Sponsored by Landauer, Inc. Bloomberg School of Public Health 3 NCRP: Achievements of the Past 50 Years and Addressing the Needs of the Future 11:45 am U.S. Radiation Protection: Role of National and International Advisory Organizations and Opportunities for Collaboration (Harmony not Dissonance) Michael A. Boyd U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 12:10 pm Q&A Summary: NCRP for the Future John D. Boice, Jr., Session Chair 12:25 pm Capturing Opportunities and Meeting Challenges in Radiation Protection Kenneth R. Kase Honorary Vice President, NCRP 12:50 pm Closing Remarks John D. Boice, Jr. President, NCRP 1:00 pm Adjourn 4 Abstracts: Monday, March 10 Monday, March 10 Opening Session 8:15 am Welcome John D. Boice, Jr., President National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Eleventh Annual Warren K. Sinclair Keynote Address 8:30 am Science, Radiation Protection, and the NCRP: Building on the Past, Looking to the Future Jerrold T. Bushberg University of California, Davis School of Medicine This year, NCRP celebrates 50 y of service Dr. Lauriston S. Taylor chaired the Advi- to the Nation and the radiation protection sory Committee and served as the first community under its Congressional char- official U.S. representative to ICRP. After ter signed into law in 1964. However, the World War II, development and utilization history of NCRP and its predecessor
Recommended publications
  • Regulatory Actions in Radiotherapy
    August 10, 2017 CONSIDERATIONS ON POTENTIAL REGULATORY ACTIONS FOR RADIATION PROTECTION IN RADIOTHERAPY: MONITORING UNWANTED RADIATION EXPOSURE IN RADIOTHERAPY A proposal for further discussion drafted by Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear of Argentina and the Secretariat of the International Atomic Energy Agency (Product from the Practical Arrangements between the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear of Argentina on cooperation in the area of radiation safety and monitoring) Interim Document I. INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND (1) On September 18, 2015, the Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear (ARN) 1 of Argentina and the Secretariat of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)2, hereinafter termed ‘the Parties’, agreed on ‘Practical Arrangements’ setting forth the framework for non-exclusive cooperation between the Parties in the area of radiation safety and monitoring. The agreement was reconfirmed and partially enhanced during ceremony presided by the Chairman of ARN, Néstor Masriera, and the Deputy Director General of the IAEA, Juan Carlos Lentijo, with the presence of the Argentine Ambassador, Rafael Mariano Grossi, in the framework of the 60th Annual Regular Session of the IAEA General Conference, in Vienna, on September 30, 2016. (2) The Practical Arrangements identify activities in which cooperation between the Parties may be pursued subject to their respective mandates, governing regulations, rules, policies and procedures. A relevant activity agreed to be pursued is the ‘development of regulatory guidance
    [Show full text]
  • Up FDG-PET in Patients with Localized Nasal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma Receiving Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy
    Original Article Page 1 of 9 Preliminary study of integrating pretreatment and early follow- up FDG-PET in patients with localized nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy Chen-Xiong Hsu1,2, Shan-Ying Wang2,3, Chiu-Han Chang1,2, Tung-Hsin Wu2, Shih-Chiang Lin4, Pei-Ying Hsieh4, Pei-Wei Shueng1,5,6 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; 2Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; 3Department of Nuclear Medicine, 4Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; 5Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; 6Department of Radiation Oncology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan Contributions: (I) Conception and design: CX Hsu, TH Wu, PW Shueng; (II) Administrative support: TH Wu, SY Wang, SC Lin, PW Shueng; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: CX Hsu, SY Wang, SC Lin, PY Hsieh; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: CX Hsu, SY Wang, CH Chang; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: CX Hsu, SY Wang, PW Shueng; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. Correspondence to: Pei-Wei Shueng, MD. Department of Radiation Oncology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21 Section 2, Nanya South Road, Banciao District, New Taipei City. Email: [email protected]; Tung-Hsin Wu, PhD. Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei. Email: [email protected]. Background: The optimal treatment modality for stage I/II extranodal nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL) including radiotherapy (RT) alone, concurrent, or sequential chemoradiotherapy and radiation doses were not well-defined.
    [Show full text]
  • Should Helical Tomotherapy Replace Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer?
    Hsieh et al. BMC Cancer 2010, 10:637 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/10/637 CASE REPORT Open Access Should helical tomotherapy replace brachytherapy for cervical cancer? Case report Chen-Hsi Hsieh1,4, Ming-Chow Wei2, Yao-Peng Hsu3, Ngot-Swan Chong1, Yu-Jen Chen4,5,6,7, Sheng-Mou Hsiao2, Yen-Ping Hsieh8, Li-Ying Wang10, Pei-Wei Shueng1,9* Abstract Background: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) administered via a helical tomotherapy (HT) system is an effective modality for treating lung cancer and metastatic liver tumors. Whether SBRT delivered via HT is a feasible alternative to brachytherapy in treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer in patients with unusual anatomic configurations of the uterus has never been studied. Case Presentation: A 46-year-old woman presented with an 8-month history of abnormal vaginal bleeding. Biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a cervical tumor with direct invasion of the right parametrium, bilateral hydronephrosis, and multiple uterine myomas. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIIB cervical cancer was diagnosed. Concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) followed by SBRT delivered via HT was administered instead of brachytherapy because of the presence of multiple uterine myomas with bleeding tendency. Total abdominal hysterectomy was performed after 6 weeks of treatment because of the presence of multiple uterine myomas. Neither pelvic MRI nor results of histopathologic examination at X-month follow-up showed evidence of tumor recurrence. Only grade 1 nausea and vomiting during treatment were noted. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding was noted at 14-month follow- up.
    [Show full text]
  • Implementation of Silicon Based Dosimeters, the Dose Magnifying
    University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2011 Implementation of silicon based dosimeters, the dose magnifying glass and magic plate for the dosimetry of modulated radiation therapy Jeannie Hsiu Ding Wong University of Wollongong Recommended Citation Wong, Jeannie Hsiu Ding, Implementation of silicon based dosimeters, the dose magnifying glass and magic plate for the dosimetry of modulated radiation therapy, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, Engineering Physics, University of Wollongong, 2011. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3348 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact Manager Repository Services: [email protected]. IMPLEMENTATION OF SILICON BASED DOSIMETERS, THE DOSE MAGNIFYING GLASS AND MAGIC PLATE FOR THE DOSIMETRY OF MODULATED RADIATION THERAPY A Thesis Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy from UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG by Jeannie Hsiu Ding Wong BBiomed. Eng., MMed.Phys. Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering 2011 © Copyright 2011 by Jeannie Hsiu Ding Wong ALL RIGHTS RESERVED CERTIFICATION I, Jeannie Hsiu Ding Wong, declare that this thesis, submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Centre for Medical Radia- tion Physics, Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Wollongong, is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. The document has not been submitted for qualifications at any other academic institution. (Signature Required) Jeannie Hsiu Ding Wong 30 June 2011 Table of Contents ListofTables................................... vi List of Figures/Illustrations ..........................
    [Show full text]
  • Four-Dimensional MVCT Imaging and Spatial Translation of Helical Tomotherapy Dose Distributions Using Sinogram Modification
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 12-2006 Four-Dimensional MVCT Imaging and Spatial Translation of Helical Tomotherapy Dose Distributions Using Sinogram Modification Samuel Scott Outten University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Physics Commons Recommended Citation Outten, Samuel Scott, "Four-Dimensional MVCT Imaging and Spatial Translation of Helical Tomotherapy Dose Distributions Using Sinogram Modification. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2006. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1757 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Samuel Scott Outten entitled "Four-Dimensional MVCT Imaging and Spatial Translation of Helical Tomotherapy Dose Distributions Using Sinogram Modification." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Physics. E. Ward Plummer, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Marianne Breinig, Robert Compton Accepted
    [Show full text]
  • Comparing Efficacy of High-Dose Rate Brachytherapy Versus Helical Tomotherapy in the Treatment of Cervical Cancer
    J Gynecol Oncol. 2020 Jul;31(4):e42 https://doi.org/10.3802/jgo.2020.31.e42 pISSN 2005-0380·eISSN 2005-0399 Original Article Comparing efficacy of high-dose rate brachytherapy versus helical tomotherapy in the treatment of cervical cancer Seongmin Kim ,1,2 Sanghoon Lee ,2 Jin Hwa Hong ,2 Young Je Park ,3 Jae Yun Song ,2 Jae Kwan Lee ,2 Nak Woo Lee 2 1Gynecologic Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, CHA University Ilsan Medical Center, Goyang, Korea 2Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Received: Jun 3, 2019 ABSTRACT Revised: Oct 30, 2019 Accepted: Dec 8, 2019 Objective: Boost radiation using brachytherapy (BT) is a standard treatment for local disease Correspondence to control in concomitant chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) for advanced cervical cancer. Jae Yun Song However, it is associated with gastrointestinal and genitourinary complications. Hence, this Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Medical Center, 73 study investigates the feasibility of helical tomotherapy (HT) as an alternative to BT. Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Methods: Medical records of patients who underwent CCRT between 2000 and 2017 at a single Korea. institution were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with stage IIB–IVA cancers were selected E-mail: [email protected] based on the 2009 criteria of The International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. External beam radiation combined with chemotherapy was followed by either BT or HT. The Copyright © 2020. Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology, Korean Society of propensity score matching of both groups was calculated using logistic regression analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Results of Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy with Helical Tomotherapy for Prostate Cancer
    J Cancer Res Clin Oncol DOI 10.1007/s00432-012-1277-0 ORIGINAL PAPER Preliminary results of intensity-modulated radiation therapy with helical tomotherapy for prostate cancer Natsuo Tomita • Norihito Soga • Yuji Ogura • Norio Hayashi • Hidetoshi Shimizu • Takashi Kubota • Junji Ito • Kimiko Hirata • Yukihiko Ohshima • Hiroyuki Tachibana • Takeshi Kodaira Received: 5 May 2012 / Accepted: 21 June 2012 Ó Springer-Verlag 2012 Abstract Conclusions This preliminary report confirms the feasi- Purpose We present the preliminary results of intensity- bility of HT in a large number of patients. We observed modulated radiation therapy with helical tomotherapy (HT) that HT is associated with low rates of acute and late for clinically localized prostate cancer. toxicities, and HT in combination with relatively long-term Methods Regularly followed 241 consecutive patients, ADT results in excellent short-term bDFS. who were treated with HT between June 2006 and December 2010, were included in this retrospective study. Keywords Prostate cancer Á Intensity-modulated Most patients received both relatively long-term neoadju- radiation therapy Á Image-guided radiation therapy Á Helical vant and adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). tomotherapy Patients received 78 Gy in the intermediate high-risk group and 74 Gy in the low-risk group. Biochemical disease-free survival (bDFS) followed the Phoenix definition. Toxicity Introduction was scored according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group morbidity grading scale. High-dose external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) with Results The median follow-up time from the start date of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been HT was 35 months. The rates of acute Grade 2 gastro- shown to improve disease-free survival in patients with intestinal (GI) and genitor-urinary (GU) toxicities were localized prostate cancer over the past decade (Zelefsky 11.2 and 24.5 %.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect and Stability of MVCT Images on Adaptive Tomotherapy
    JOURNAL OF APPLIED CLINICAL MEDICAL PHYSICS, VOLUME 11, NUMBER 4, fall 2010 The effect and stability of MVCT images on adaptive TomoTherapy Poonam Yadav1,2,4 Ranjini Tolakanahalli1,2 Yi Rong1,3 Bhudatt R Paliwal1,2 Department of Human Oncology,1 University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI; Department of Medical Physics,2 University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin Riverview Cancer Centre,3 Wisconsin Rapids, WI; Vellore Institute of Technology University,4 Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected] Received 1 December, 2009; accepted 5 May, 2010 Use of helical TomoTherapy-based MVCT imaging for adaptive planning is becoming increasingly popular. Treatment planning and dose calculations based on MVCT require an image value to electron density calibration to remain stable over the course of treatment time. In this work, we have studied the dosimetric impact on TomoTherapy treatment plans due to variation in image value to density table (IVDT) curve as a function of target degradation. We also have investigated the reproducibility and stability of the TomoTherapy MVCT image quality over time. Multiple scans of the TomoTherapy “Cheese” phantom were performed over a period of five months. Over this period, a difference of 4.7% in the HU values was observed in high-density regions while there was no significant variation in the image values for the low densities of the IVDT curve. Changes in the IVDT curves before and after target replacement were measured. Two clinical treatment sites, pelvis and prostate, were selected to study the dosimetric impact of this variation. Dose was recalculated on the MVCTs with the planned fluence using IVDT curves acquired before and after target change.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Technology Review 2012
    Atoms for Peace General Conference GC (56)/INF/3 Date: 1 August 2012 General Distribution Original: English Fifty-sixth regular session Item 16 of the provisional agenda (GC(56)/1 and Add. 1) Nuclear Technology Review 2012 Report by the Director General Summary • In response to requests by Member States, the Secretariat produces a comprehensive Nuclear Technology Review each year. Attached is this year’s report, which highlights notable developments principally in 2011. • The Nuclear Technology Review 2012 covers the following areas: power applications, advanced fission and fusion, accelerator and research reactor applications, nuclear technology in food and agriculture, human health, environment, water resources, and radioisotope production and radiation technology. Additional documentation associated with the Nuclear Technology Review 2012 is available on the Agency’s website 1 in English on developing alternatives to gamma irradiation for the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT); imaging for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, radiation technology applications in mining and mineral processing, technology options for a country’s first nuclear power plant, the role of research reactors in introducing nuclear power, and the use and management of sealed radioactive sources. • Information on the IAEA’s activities related to nuclear science and technology can also be found in the IAEA’s Annual Report 2011 (GC(56)/2), in particular the Technology section, and the Technical Cooperation Report for 2011 (GC(56)/INF/4). • The document has been modified to take account, to the extent possible, of specific comments by the Board of Governors and other comments received from Member States. __________________________________________________________________________________ 1 http://www.iaea.org/About/Policy/GC/GC56/Agenda/index.html GC(56)/INF/3 Page 1 Nuclear Technology Review 2012 2 Report by the Director General Executive Summary 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Irradiation of Recurrent Glioblastoma Using Helical
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Re‑irradiation of recurrent glioblastoma using helical TomoTherapy with simultaneous integrated boost: preliminary considerations of treatment efcacy Donatella Arpa1*, Elisabetta Parisi1, Giulia Ghigi1, Alessandro Savini2, Sarah Pia Colangione1, Luca Tontini1, Martina Pieri1, Flavia Foca3, Rolando Polico1, Anna Tesei4, Anna Sarnelli2 & Antonino Romeo1 Although there is still no standard treatment for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (rGBM), re‑irradiation could be a therapeutic option. We retrospectively evaluated the efcacy and safety of re‑irradiation using helical TomoTherapy (HT) with a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) technique in patients with rGBM. 24 patients with rGBM underwent HT‑SIB. A total dose of 20 Gy was prescribed to the Flair (fuid‑attenuated inversion recovery) planning tumor volume (PTV) and 25 Gy to the PTV‑boost (T1 MRI contrast enhanced area) in 5 daily fractions to the isodose of 67% (maximum dose within the PTV‑boost was 37.5 Gy). Toxicity was evaluated by converting the 3D‑dose distribution to the equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions on a voxel‑by‑voxel basis. Median follow‑up after re‑irradiation was 27.8 months (range 1.6–88.5 months). Median progression‑free survival (PFS) was 4 months (95% CI 2.0–7.9 months), while 6‑month PFS was 41.7% (95% CI 22.2–60.1 months). Median overall survival following re‑irradiation was 10.7 months (95% CI 7.4–16.1 months). There were no cases of re‑operation due to early or late toxicity. Our preliminary results suggest that helical TomoTherapy with the proposed SIB technique is a safe and feasible treatment option for patients with rGBM, including those large disease volumes, reducing toxicity.
    [Show full text]
  • Qualitative Evaluation of 2D Dosimetry System for Helical Tomotherapy
    Original Article PROGRESS in MEDICAL PHYSICS Vol. 25, No. 4, December, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.14316/pmp.2014.25.4.193 Qualitative Evaluation of 2D Dosimetry System for Helical Tomotherapy Sun Young Ma*, Tae Sig Jeung*, Jang Bo Shim†, Sangwook Lim* *Department of Radiation Oncology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, †Department of Radiation Oncology, Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea The purpose of this study is to see the feasibility of the newly developed 2D dosimetry system using phosphor screen for helical tomotherapy. The cylindrical water phantom was fabricated with phosphor screen to emit the visible light during irradiation. There are three types of virtual target, one is one spot target, another is C-shaped target, and the other is multiple targets. Each target was planned to be treated at 10 Gy by treatment planning system (TPS) of tomotherapy. The cylindrical phantom was placed on the tomotherapy table and irradiated as calculations of the TPS. Every frame which acquired by CCD camera was integrated and the doses were calculated in pixel by pixel. The dose distributions from the fluorescent images were compared with the calculated dose distribution from the TPS. The discrepancies were evaluated as gamma index for each treatment. The curve for dose rate versus pixel value was not saturated until 900 MU/min. The 2D dosimetry using the phosphor screen and the CCD camera is respected to be useful to verify the dose distribution of the tomotherapy if the linearity correction of the phosphor screen improved. Key Words: Tomotherapy, Phosphor screen, Dose distribution, Blur kernel, Gamma index ter free.
    [Show full text]
  • Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)
    Computer Controlled Treatment Delivery: History, Issues and Safety Benedick A Fraass PhD, FAAPM, FASTRO, FACR Vice Chair for Research, Professor and Director of Medical Physics Department of Radiation Oncology Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 Clinical Professor, Radiation Oncology, UCLA Professor Emeritus, University of Michigan CEDARS-SINAI LEADING THE QUEST Fraass, Therapy Review Course 2014 Acknowledgments Jean Moran PhD UM Martha Matuszak PhD UM Dan McShan PhD UM Marc Kessler PhD UM James Balter PhD UM Jean-Pierre Bissonette, PhD PMH John Humm, PhD MSKCC Fraass, Therapy Review Course 2014 Objectives Describe • The progression from manual setup and treatment to routine use of computer-controlled treatment delivery (CCTxD) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) • Differences in treatment process using CCTxD compared to earlier manual setup techniques • Safety and Quality Assurance issues associated with use of CCTxD and IMRT treatment techniques • Some advantages of CCTxD and IMRT techniques Fraass, Therapy Review Course 2014 Computer Controlled Tx Delivery: History, Issues and Safety •Manual Treatment Delivery •Modern Computer-Controlled Treatment Delivery (CCTxD) •IMRT, IGRT, VMAT, 4-D:more complex! •Safety/QA Issues for CCTxD, IMRT •Conclusions Fraass, Therapy Review Course 2014 1950s-80s: 2-D Radiotherapy Fraass, Therapy Review Course 2014 1980s: CT-Based Planning Fraass, Therapy Review Course 2014 1986 – 1990s: Conformal Therapy A dose distribution 95 % Isodose Surface that conforms to the shape of the
    [Show full text]