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Chapter 43 Electoral Statistics
CHAPTER 43 ELECTORAL STATISTICS 43.1 India is a constitutional democracy with a parliamentary system of government, and at the heart of the system is a commitment to hold regular, free and fair elections. These elections determine the composition of the Government, the membership of the two houses of parliament, the state and union territory legislative assemblies, and the Presidency and vice-presidency. Elections are conducted according to the constitutional provisions, supplemented by laws made by Parliament. The major laws are Representation of the People Act, 1950, which mainly deals with the preparation and revision of electoral rolls, the Representation of the People Act, 1951 which deals, in detail, with all aspects of conduct of elections and post election disputes. 43.2 The Election Commission of India is an autonomous, quasi-judiciary constitutional body of India. Its mission is to conduct free and fair elections in India. It was established on 25 January, 1950 under Article 324 of the Constitution of India. Since establishment of Election Commission of India, free and fair elections have been held at regular intervals as per the principles enshrined in the Constitution, Electoral Laws and System. The Constitution of India has vested in the Election Commission of India the superintendence, direction and control of the entire process for conduct of elections to Parliament and Legislature of every State and to the offices of President and Vice- President of India. The Election Commission is headed by the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners. There was just one Chief Election Commissioner till October, 1989. In 1989, two Election Commissioners were appointed, but were removed again in January 1990. -
Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly
ARUNACHAL PRADESH LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY ORIGIN AND GROWTH With the enactment of the NEFA Panchayat Raj Regulation (No.3 of 1967), the grounding for the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh was prepared. This Regulation introduced a three-tier system: Gram Panchayat at the Village level, Anchal Samiti at the Block level and Zilla Parishad at the District level. An apex Advisory Body, known as the Agency Council with the Governor of Assam as its Chairman, came into being on 29th December, 1969. A step further in the direction was taken with the enactment of NEFA (Administration) Supplementary Regulation, 1971 (No. 4 of 1971) which provided for replacement of the Agency Council by Pradesh Council and appointment of five Counselors’, one from each District, who were in charge of various development departments. This Pradesh Council thus came into being on 2nd October, 1972. As a natural outcome, the demand for a Legislative Assembly was pressed in every sitting of the Pradesh Council which made the Union Government to send a study team to assess the standard of Parliamentary acumen attained by the people of Arunachal Pradesh. The Union Government, after studying all aspects of the matter, agreed to the demand of the people for a Legislative Assembly, and on 15 August 1975, the Pradesh Council was converted into the Provisional Legislative Assembly of the Union Territory with all the members of the Pradesh Council becoming members of the Provisional Legislative Assembly and the Councilors being given the rank of Ministers. STRUCTURE OF LEGISLATURE Arunachal Pradesh has unicameral Legislature ever since its inception. -
Dissolution of the Lok Sabha
DISSOLUTION OF THE LOK SABHA Tanusri Prasanna* Introduction The dissolution of the twelfth Lok Sabha on the twenty sixth day of April, 1999, by the President Mr. K.R. Narayanan, and the role of the latter in the intense political decision making preceding the same, have thrown open afresh the debate as to the exact role of the President as envisaged in the Constitution in the matter of dissolution. This paper attempts to analyse this issue in light of various controversial views on the subject. Pre-independence constitutional debates in India were influenced by two models of democratic government: the British Parliamentary system, and the Presidential system of the United States. In the final analysis the British model being closer home, "every instalment of constitutional reform was regarded as a step towards the establishment of a democratic and responsible government as it functioned in Britain."' Thus, it is widely accepted by various scholars that the founding fathers of the Constitution had opted for the parliamentary system of government. Working on this premise, the concepts such as executive decision making as well as delineating limits and laying a system of checks and balances on the different wings of the government as provided by the inherent federal structure, have been debated over and over again. However, when the Constitution actually came into force, a reading of its provisions sparked off a new line of thought as to the very nature of government, and the Presidential model of the United States which had been earlier rejected was now compared and contrasted.2 These discussions and debates were mainly concerned with the respective powers of the President and the Prime minister in the Constitution and in cases where both entities were strong the clash of opinions was soon recognised. -
Lok Sabha’ Were Adopted by the Council of States and the House of People Respectively
Parliament - By Jatin Verma Parliament - The Parliament is the legislative organ of the Union government - It occupies a central position in the Indian democratic political system - It has ‘Westminster’ model of govt. ● Articles 79 to 122 in Part V of the Constitution deal with the powers, duration, officers, organisation, privileges, composition, procedures, etc. of the Parliament. Organisation of Parliament ● The Parliament consists of 3 parts viz, the President, the Council of States and the House of the People. ● In 1954, the Hindi names ‘Rajya Sabha’ and ‘Lok Sabha’ were adopted by the Council of States and the House of People respectively. - Rajya Sabha is the Upper House (2nd Chamber or House of Elders which represents the states and UTs). - Lok Sabha is the Lower House (1st Chamber or Popular House, which represents the people of India as a whole). © Jatin Verma 2017-18. All Rights Reserved Parliament ● President is an integral part of the Parliament, because: - A bill cannot become law without the his assent. - He summons and prorogues both the Houses - He can dissolve the Lok Sabha - He addresses both the Houses - He issues ordinances when they are not in session, etc. ● In Britain, the Parliament consists of the Crown (King or Queen), the House of Lords (Upper House) and the House of Commons (Lower House). ● By contrast, in USA, the legislature, which is known as Congress, consists of the Senate (Upper House) and the House of Representatives (Lower House). ● India has the ‘President-in-Parliament’ like the ‘Crown-in-Parliament’ in Britain. ● The presidential form of government, lays stress on the separation of legislative and executive organs. -
The Journal of Parliamentary Information
The Journal of Parliamentary Information VOLUME LIX NO. 1 MARCH 2013 LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd. 24, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi-2 EDITORIAL BOARD Editor : T.K. Viswanathan Secretary-General Lok Sabha Associate Editors : P.K. Misra Joint Secretary Lok Sabha Secretariat Kalpana Sharma Director Lok Sabha Secretariat Assistant Editors : Pulin B. Bhutia Additional Director Lok Sabha Secretariat Parama Chatterjee Joint Director Lok Sabha Secretariat Sanjeev Sachdeva Joint Director Lok Sabha Secretariat © Lok Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi THE JOURNAL OF PARLIAMENTARY INFORMATION VOLUME LIX NO. 1 MARCH 2013 CONTENTS PAGE EDITORIAL NOTE 1 ADDRESSES Addresses at the Inaugural Function of the Seventh Meeting of Women Speakers of Parliament on Gender-Sensitive Parliaments, Central Hall, 3 October 2012 3 ARTICLE 14th Vice-Presidential Election 2012: An Experience— T.K. Viswanathan 12 PARLIAMENTARY EVENTS AND ACTIVITIES Conferences and Symposia 17 Birth Anniversaries of National Leaders 22 Exchange of Parliamentary Delegations 26 Bureau of Parliamentary Studies and Training 28 PARLIAMENTARY AND CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTS 30 PRIVILEGE ISSUES 43 PROCEDURAL MATTERS 45 DOCUMENTS OF CONSTITUTIONAL AND PARLIAMENTARY INTEREST 49 SESSIONAL REVIEW Lok Sabha 62 Rajya Sabha 75 State Legislatures 83 RECENT LITERATURE OF PARLIAMENTARY INTEREST 85 APPENDICES I. Statement showing the work transacted during the Twelfth Session of the Fifteenth Lok Sabha 91 (iv) iv The Journal of Parliamentary Information II. Statement showing the work transacted during the 227th Session of the Rajya Sabha 94 III. Statement showing the activities of the Legislatures of the States and Union Territories during the period 1 October to 31 December 2012 98 IV. -
LOK SABHA DEBATES (English Version)
.BSDI Twelfth Series, Vol. I, No. I LOK SABHA DEBATES (English Version) First Session (Twelfth Lok Sabha) I Gazettes & Debetes Unit ...... Parliament Library BulldlnO @Q~m ~o. FBr.026 .. ~-- -- (Vol. I contains Nos. I to 8) LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI I'ri ce .· Rs. 50. ()() 'VU"".&J:Ia.a.a IL.V .................. ~_ (Engl illl1 v«sian) 'lUeaJay, IIKcb 24, 1998/Chaitra 3, 1920 (Salta) Col.l1ine F« Raad CaltE!1ts/2 (fran &lltcn Salahuddin OWaisi Shri S. S. OWaiai below) 42/28 9/6 (fran below); SHRI ARIF HOfP.MW.D KHAN liIRI ARIF ~D KHAN 10/6 (fran below) j 11. /7,19: 13/3 12/5 (fran below) Delete "an" 13,19 (fran below) CalSSlsnal CalSE!1sual 22/25 hills hails CONTENTS {Twelfth Series. Vol. I. First Session. 199811920 (Seke)J No.2, Tuesday, March 24,1l1li Chain 3,1120 (lab) SUBJECT CoLUMNS MEMBERS SWORN 1-8 f)1:" SPEAKER 8-8 FI::L "'I-fE SPEAKER Shri Atal Biharl Vajpayee •.. 8-14 Shri Sharad Pawar ..• 14-15 Shrl Somnath Chatterjee .. 1~18 Shri Pumo A. Sangma .. 18-17 Kumari Mamata Banerjee .17-18 Shri Ram Vilas Paswan .•. 18 Shri R. Muthiah 19 Shri Mulayam Singh Yadav 19-20 Shri Lalu Prasad ... 21-22 Shri K. Yerrannaidu 22-23 Shri Naveen Patnaik 23 Shri Digvijay Singh .. 23-24 Shri Indrajit Gupta .. 24-25 Sardar Surjit Singh Bamala 2~2e Shri Murasoli Maran 28-28 Shri Shivraj ~. Palll .. ,. 28-29 Shri Madhukar Sirpotdar ... -_ ... 29-31 Shri Sanat Kumar Mandai 31 Shri P.C. Thomas 31-32 Kumari. -
Hon. Members, I Have to Inform the House
Title : Regarding passing away of Shri Chandrashekhar, sitting member of Lok Sabha, member 6th, 7th and 9th to 13th Lok Sabha and former Prime Minister, Shri Ajit Kumar Singh, sitting member of Lok Sabha, Shri Krishna Chandra Halder, member 5th to 7th Lok Sabha, Shri Chandrajeet Yadav, member 4th, 5th, 7th and 10th Lok Sabha, Shri T.Nagaratnam, member 7th and 11th Lok Sabha, Dr. Sahib Singh Verma, member 13th Lok Sabha and Shri Bharat Singh Chowhan, member 4th to 6th Lok Sabha on 08.07.07, 01.08.07, 07.02.07, 25.05.07, 08.06.07, 30.06.07 and 26.07.07 respectively. MR. SPEAKER: Hon. Members, I have to inform the House of the sad demise of Shri Chandrashekhar and Shri Ajit Kumar Singh, two sitting Members of this House and five of our former colleagues, Shri Krishna Chandra Halder, Shri Chandrajeet Yadav, Shri T. Nagaratnam, Dr. Sahib Singh Verma and Shri Bharat Singh Chowhan. Hon. Members, it is with profound sorrow I refer to the passing away of our respectable colleague, Shri Chandrashekhar. Shri Chandrashekhar was a sitting Member of the Fourteenth Lok Sabha representing Ballia Parliamentary Constituency of Uttar Pradesh. He was also a Member of the Sixth, Seventh and Ninth to Thirteenth Lok Sabhas from 1977 to 1984 and 1989 to 2004, representing the same Parliamentary Constituency. He was also a Member of the Rajya Sabha for three consecutive terms from 1962 to 1977, representing the State of Uttar Pradesh. Chandrashekharji was among the country's most respected political leaders. He was initiated into politics in the early 1950s, inspired by the great socialist leader Acharya Narendra Dev. -
Chapter 43 Electoral Statistics
CHAPTER 43 ELECTORAL STATISTICS 43.1 India is a constitutional democracy with a parliamentary system of government, and at the heart of the system is a commitment to hold regular, free and fair elections. These elections determine the composition of the Government, the membership of the two houses of parliament, the state and union territory legislative assemblies, and the Presidency and vice-presidency. Elections are conducted according to the constitutional provisions, supplemented by laws made by Parliament. The major laws are Representation of the People Act, 1950, which mainly deals with the preparation and revision of electoral rolls, the Representation of the People Act, 1951 which deals, in detail, with all aspects of conduct of elections and post election disputes. 43.2 The Election Commission of India is an autonomous, quasi-judiciary constitutional body of India. Its mission is to conduct free and fair elections in India. It was established on th 25 January, 1950 under Article 324 of the Constitution of India. Since establishment of Election Commission of India, free and fair elections have been held at regular intervals as per the principles enshrined in the Constitution, Electoral Laws and System. The Constitution of India has vested in the Election Commission of India the superintendence, direction and control of the entire process for conduct of elections to Parliament and Legislature of every State and to the offices of President and Vice- President of India. The Election Commission is headed by the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners. There was just one Chief Election Commissioner till October, 1989. In 1989, two Election Commissioners were appointed, but were removed again in January 1990. -
Ethnic Parties, Material Politics and the Ethnic Poor: the Bahujan Samaj Party in North India
Ethnic Parties, Material Politics and the Ethnic Poor: The Bahujan Samaj Party in North India Sohini Guha, Department of Political Science McGill University, Montreal December 2008 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) © Copyright Sohini Guha, 2008 Abstract Many studies explore the determinants of support for ethnic parties, and the consequences of such parties for democracy. This dissertation addresses these questions through a study of the Bahujan Samaj Party (B.S.P.) in India's largest state, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.). The BSP is India's only successful lower caste party, and gained greatest support over the last two decades in U.P., which it now rules. The dissertation argues that material benefits, delivered on a programmatic basis, account for the success of the B.S.P., and perhaps other ethnic parties too, among poorer groups. It also indicates that the B.S.P.'s consequences for democracy -on the whole positive- have depended both on its ties to society, and the breadth of visions of community reigning among its core supporters. The conclusions are based on analyses of electoral results, the caste background of party candidates, patterns of ownership of land and other resources, extensive interviews with party leaders and activists, and ethnographic studies of representative villages in U.P. The argument about the reasons for support questions an assumption common to psychological theories of ethnic voting- that poorer groups vote for ethnic parties because they draw symbolic empowerment from the material ascendancy that ethnic parties secure for coethnic elites. -
Imitree,ON S"Tdinate 'LEGISLA1. ~ .. , T 'R,,
" .~' .. IMITrEE,ON S"tDINATE 'LEGISLA1. _~ .. , t 'r,, .. ,(SE~NTH LoK SABHA) ELEVENTH REPORT , . i I ,(Presented on 19 March, 1982) t \ 1 I :LOIC SADBA SECRETARIAT ) ", ; " NEW DELHI' , . , March,'1¢2/Pllalguna, I903(Saka) Pt*, R.I. 2.85 LIST OF AUTHORISED ,i\OENTS FOR. ~!m SALE or! LOr.:: SABlt\, -' S'ECRETAlUAT PUBLICA'l,;lONS \' ,'./' ANDHRAPRADESH '10. M & .J ,ServlC. Pub~'i\~ nf!presentaUveB.t'I1... ,Jnts ".~. '," '~ t. Andhra' University General CQ- Law BookSelle~' '" operative Stores ,Ltd., Walt4lir" BchriRoad, (VtSakhapatnam). Bombay-IS.' ' ' .. 11. Popular' Book DtTiot, ·8~ .Dr. Bhadkamkar. J;toad. Bo~b~Y-400001. 2. ',Mis. Crown Book· Depot, J Upper ~azarf . mSORE. ltanclli(BJhar)· '! . 12. Ws. Peoples Balk Ho~, OPP. Jaganmohs. palace", GUJ.AB4T Mysore-l, -' J a. 'Vijay \Stores. ·UTrARPRAOESH :,Roact. " J 13. L,aw Boolt Comp.iny. Sardar Patel M4rl, MADHYA PRADESH Allahabad·i. ,.. Modern Bock· HOUle, 14. Law publishers.; ,) Shiv Volu Palace, Sardar Patel Marg. Indore CitT., P.B. No. 77, . A11ahabad-U.P . MAHARASHTRA \ WESt' BENGAL " a. M/..Sunderdss GlanchancS, 15. Granthlloka. 5/1. Amblea Mu:;kherje, I, 801. GirtaUm Road, .. - Maf Princess Street, Bombay-2. Bel$haria, 24·Parganas. t. 1,'he 1.nterna!lonal Boo~ HoU8e Pvt., 9, ~Lane, . " 16. W. Ne..... man & Ccrmp~ 3, Old C'ot:rt House Stree ' Mahatma Gandhi. Road, Calcutta Bomba,... !. ,,-~ , 17. Mrs. 'Manimala, BuYS & S~i\\ '1, The filtematlon.al Book Service, 12&, :Bow Bazar Street, ~}~}, Deccan GymkhaDR. CalcuHa-12. 'i' Poona-4, ( DELHI f The Current, Book House, * .Maruti Lane, llqb~1nath Dadajl 18. Jain', Book Agency.;'i.\ • 'Street, . Cel'lnaught Place, "', Bombay. 1. -
Simultaneous Elections: a Sure Recipe for Democratic Disaster Sumit Howladar Abstract the Journey of India’S Democracy Has Been an Exciting and Remarkable One
Simultaneous Elections: A Sure Recipe for Democratic Disaster Sumit Howladar Abstract The journey of India’s democracy has been an exciting and remarkable one. It has traversed several unchartered and difficult paths. Elections have been one of the core components and drivers behind this project of democratic expansion and consolidation. With changing times both the scale and mode of conducting elections have also changed drastically. While in the earlier years simultaneous elections of both the Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies took place, in the last fifty years this system became defunct. But recently the present incumbent government has pushed for renewing this system of conducting simultaneous elections. This paper argues that with the changed socio- political scenario revival of this system is not in the best interest of the nation’s democratic fabric. It highlights that the arguments put forward behind the desirability and feasibility of the said proposal largely based on faulty assumptions and lack sound argumentative base. Delving into the various layers of the issue, the paper underlines the core point that though on a technocratic level conducting simultaneous elections might seem highly appealing, but from a perspective of democratic fructification, this system is bound to prove regressive and counter-productive. Keywords: Simultaneous, Elections, Democracy, Constitution, Policy, Federal, Government 1. Introduction The idea of conducting simultaneous elections, interestingly, is not a new idea and was also a promise in Bharatiya Janata Party’s (hereafter BJP) party manifesto for the Lok Sabha elections held in 2014. The basic argument presented behind this idea is to save precious time which gets wasted in the process of repeated elections and instead devote it to actual developmental work. -
Chapter Vi Parliament Library and Reference, Research, Documentation and Information Service (Larrdis) 75
CHAPTER VI PARLIAMENT LIBRARY AND REFERENCE, RESEARCH, DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATION SERVICE (LARRDIS) 75. Objectives of the Service.—The primary objective of the Parliament Library and Reference, Research, Documentation and Information Service (LARRDIS) is to cater to the multifarious information needs of members of both the Houses of Parliament and provide, inter alia, research and reference material on legislative and other important issues coming up for discussion before the two Houses— the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. To achieve this objective, the Service consists of professional and non-professional staff and is divided into seven Divisions: (i) Library Division; (ii) Reference Division; (iii) Research and Information Division; (iv) Media Relations Division; (v) Parliament Museum and Archives Division; (vi) Bureau of Parliamentary Studies and Training; and (vii) Computer (Hardware & Software) Management Branch (Software Unit). These Divisions have been further subdivided into various functional Wings and Sections with well-defined duties and spheres of work. 76. Research and Information Division.—The research and information services for Members of Parliament are provided by the Research and Information and Members’ Reference Divisions. Officers and staff in the Research and Information Division are categorized into the following specialised functional Wings/Sections: (i) Economic and Financial Affairs Wing; (ii) Educational and Scientific Affairs Wing; (iii) Journal of Parliamentary Information (JPI) Section; (iv) Legal and