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Growing Cleavages in India? Evidence from the Changing Structure of Electorates, 1962-2014
WID.world WORKING PAPER N° 2019/05 Growing Cleavages in India? Evidence from the Changing Structure of Electorates, 1962-2014 Abhijit Banerjee Amory Gethin Thomas Piketty March 2019 Growing Cleavages in India? Evidence from the Changing Structure of Electorates, 1962-2014 Abhijit Banerjee, Amory Gethin, Thomas Piketty* January 16, 2019 Abstract This paper combines surveys, election results and social spending data to document the long-run evolution of political cleavages in India. From a dominant- party system featuring the Indian National Congress as the main actor of the mediation of political conflicts, Indian politics have gradually come to include a number of smaller regionalist parties and, more recently, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). These changes coincide with the rise of religious divisions and the persistence of strong caste-based cleavages, while education, income and occupation play little role (controlling for caste) in determining voters’ choices. We find no evidence that India’s new party system has been associated with changes in social policy. While BJP-led states are generally characterized by a smaller social sector, switching to a party representing upper castes or upper classes has no significant effect on social spending. We interpret this as evidence that voters seem to be less driven by straightforward economic interests than by sectarian interests and cultural priorities. In India, as in many Western democracies, political conflicts have become increasingly focused on identity and religious-ethnic conflicts -
Political Parties in India
A M K RESOURCE WORLD GENERAL KNOWLEDGE www.amkresourceinfo.com Political Parties in India India has very diverse multi party political system. There are three types of political parties in Indiai.e. national parties (7), state recognized party (48) and unrecognized parties (1706). All the political parties which wish to contest local, state or national elections are required to be registered by the Election Commission of India (ECI). A recognized party enjoys privileges like reserved party symbol, free broadcast time on state run television and radio in the favour of party. Election commission asks to these national parties regarding the date of elections and receives inputs for the conduct of free and fair polls National Party: A registered party is recognised as a National Party only if it fulfils any one of the following three conditions: 1. If a party wins 2% of seats in the Lok Sabha (as of 2014, 11 seats) from at least 3 different States. 2. At a General Election to Lok Sabha or Legislative Assembly, the party polls 6% of votes in four States in addition to 4 Lok Sabha seats. 3. A party is recognised as a State Party in four or more States. The Indian political parties are categorized into two main types. National level parties and state level parties. National parties are political parties which, participate in different elections all over India. For example, Indian National Congress, Bhartiya Janata Party, Bahujan Samaj Party, Samajwadi Party, Communist Party of India, Communist Party of India (Marxist) and some other parties. State parties or regional parties are political parties which, participate in different elections but only within one 1 www.amkresourceinfo.com A M K RESOURCE WORLD GENERAL KNOWLEDGE state. -
LOK SABHA DEBATES (English Version)
.BSDI Twelfth Series, Vol. I, No. I LOK SABHA DEBATES (English Version) First Session (Twelfth Lok Sabha) I Gazettes & Debetes Unit ...... Parliament Library BulldlnO @Q~m ~o. FBr.026 .. ~-- -- (Vol. I contains Nos. I to 8) LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI I'ri ce .· Rs. 50. ()() 'VU"".&J:Ia.a.a IL.V .................. ~_ (Engl illl1 v«sian) 'lUeaJay, IIKcb 24, 1998/Chaitra 3, 1920 (Salta) Col.l1ine F« Raad CaltE!1ts/2 (fran &lltcn Salahuddin OWaisi Shri S. S. OWaiai below) 42/28 9/6 (fran below); SHRI ARIF HOfP.MW.D KHAN liIRI ARIF ~D KHAN 10/6 (fran below) j 11. /7,19: 13/3 12/5 (fran below) Delete "an" 13,19 (fran below) CalSSlsnal CalSE!1sual 22/25 hills hails CONTENTS {Twelfth Series. Vol. I. First Session. 199811920 (Seke)J No.2, Tuesday, March 24,1l1li Chain 3,1120 (lab) SUBJECT CoLUMNS MEMBERS SWORN 1-8 f)1:" SPEAKER 8-8 FI::L "'I-fE SPEAKER Shri Atal Biharl Vajpayee •.. 8-14 Shri Sharad Pawar ..• 14-15 Shrl Somnath Chatterjee .. 1~18 Shri Pumo A. Sangma .. 18-17 Kumari Mamata Banerjee .17-18 Shri Ram Vilas Paswan .•. 18 Shri R. Muthiah 19 Shri Mulayam Singh Yadav 19-20 Shri Lalu Prasad ... 21-22 Shri K. Yerrannaidu 22-23 Shri Naveen Patnaik 23 Shri Digvijay Singh .. 23-24 Shri Indrajit Gupta .. 24-25 Sardar Surjit Singh Bamala 2~2e Shri Murasoli Maran 28-28 Shri Shivraj ~. Palll .. ,. 28-29 Shri Madhukar Sirpotdar ... -_ ... 29-31 Shri Sanat Kumar Mandai 31 Shri P.C. Thomas 31-32 Kumari. -
THURSDAY, the 22ND NOVEMBER 2007 (The Rajya Sabha Met in the Parliament House at 11-00 A.M.) 11-00 A.M
THURSDAY, THE 22ND NOVEMBER 2007 (The Rajya Sabha met in the Parliament House at 11-00 a.m.) 11-00 a.m. 1. Starred Questions The following Starred Questions were orally aswwered:- Starred Question No.102 regarding Conservation of medicinal plants and traditional knowledge. Starred Question No.103 regarding Shortcomings in TRAI Act. Starred Question No.104 regarding Grant of carbon credits to domestic companies. Starred Question No.105 regarding Universal Service Obligation Fund. Starred Question No.107 regarding JNNURM funds for A.P. Starred Question No.108 regarding Settlement of claims under PLIS. Starred Question No.109 regarding Indian workers in Middle-East. Answers to remaining Starred Question Nos. 101, 106 and 110 to 120 were laid on the Table. 2. Unstarred Questions Answers to Unstarred Question Nos. 416 to 529 were laid on the Table. 12-00 Noon 3. Papers Laid on the Table Shri Ajay Maken (Minister of State in the Ministry of Urban Development) on behalf of Shri S. Jaipal Reddy laid on the Table:— II. A copy (in English and Hindi) of the Ministry of Urban Development, Director of Estates (Policy Division) Notification G.S.R. No. 137, dated the 7th July, 2007, regarding Ministers’ Residences (Amendment) Rules, 2007, under sub-section (2) of section 11 of the Salaries and Allowances of Ministers Act, 1952. 22ND NOVEMBER, 2007 II. A copy each (in English and Hindi) of the following Notifications of the Ministry of Urban Development (Metro Rail Cell), under section 102 of the Delhi Metro (O & M) Act, 2002:— (1) G.S.R. 235 (E) dated the 26th March, 2007, regarding the Delhi Metro Railway (Salary, Allowances, Other Terms and Conditions of Service of the Claims Commissioner) Rules, 2007. -
Committee on Agriculture (2009-2010)
6 COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE (2009-2010) FIFTEENTH LOK SABHA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & CO-OPERATION) DEMANDS FOR GRANTS (2010-2011) SIXTH REPORT LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI APRIL, 2010/ CHAITRA, 1932 (Saka) SIXTH REPORT COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE (2009-2010) (FIFTEENTH LOK SABHA) MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & CO-OPERATION) DEMANDS FOR GRANTS (2010-2011) Presented to Lok Sabha on 22.04.2010 Laid on the Table of Rajya Sabha on 22.04.2010 LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI APRIL 2010/ CHAITRA, 1932 (Saka) COA No. 229 Price : Rs. © 2010 By Lok Sabha Secretariat Published under Rule 382 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha (Thirteenth Edition) and Printed by CONTENTS Page No. COMPOSITION OF THE COMMITTEE ………………………………………… (iii) INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………….. (v) ABBREVIATIONS ………………………………………………………………….. (vii) REPORT CHAPTER I OVERVIEW (i) Introductory (ii) Functions of Department of Agriculture & Co-operation (iii) Overview of Demands (iv) Plan Allocation (v) Annual Plan (vi) Monthly Expenditure Plan (vii) Mid Term Appraisal (viii) Results Framework Document (ix) Investment in Agriculture (x) Allocation of Funds to the North Eastern States (xi) Extension of „Green Revolution‟ to Eastern Region CHAPTER II EVALUATION OF SCHEMES (A) AGRICULTURE EXTENSION AND TRAINING (i) Support to State Extension Programme for Extension Reforms (ii) Establishment of a Network of Agri Clinics and Agri Business Centres (B) AGRICULTURE CENSUS Agriculture Census (C) FERTILIZER National Project on Management of Soil Health & Fertility (D) HORTICULTURE Micro Irrigation (E) CROPS National Food Security Mission (F) TECHNOLOGY MISSION ON OILSEEDS AND PULSES Integrated Scheme of Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil Palm and Maize (G) CREDIT AND CROP INSURANCE (i) National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (ii) Agriculture Credit ANNEXURE I. -
Ethnic Parties, Material Politics and the Ethnic Poor: the Bahujan Samaj Party in North India
Ethnic Parties, Material Politics and the Ethnic Poor: The Bahujan Samaj Party in North India Sohini Guha, Department of Political Science McGill University, Montreal December 2008 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) © Copyright Sohini Guha, 2008 Abstract Many studies explore the determinants of support for ethnic parties, and the consequences of such parties for democracy. This dissertation addresses these questions through a study of the Bahujan Samaj Party (B.S.P.) in India's largest state, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.). The BSP is India's only successful lower caste party, and gained greatest support over the last two decades in U.P., which it now rules. The dissertation argues that material benefits, delivered on a programmatic basis, account for the success of the B.S.P., and perhaps other ethnic parties too, among poorer groups. It also indicates that the B.S.P.'s consequences for democracy -on the whole positive- have depended both on its ties to society, and the breadth of visions of community reigning among its core supporters. The conclusions are based on analyses of electoral results, the caste background of party candidates, patterns of ownership of land and other resources, extensive interviews with party leaders and activists, and ethnographic studies of representative villages in U.P. The argument about the reasons for support questions an assumption common to psychological theories of ethnic voting- that poorer groups vote for ethnic parties because they draw symbolic empowerment from the material ascendancy that ethnic parties secure for coethnic elites. -
Standing Committee on Agriculture (2005-06)
STANDING COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE (2005-06) FOURTEENTH LOK SABHA MINISTRY OF FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES DEMANDS FOR GRANTS (2006-2007) TWENTY-FIRST REPORT LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI MAY, 2006/VAISAKHA, 1928 (Saka) 21 TWENTY-FIRST REPORT STANDING COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE (2005-06) FOURTEENTH LOK SABHA MINISTRY OF FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES DEMANDS FOR GRANTS (2006-2007) Presented to Lok Sabha on 19.05.2006 Laid in Rajya Sabha on 19.05.2006 LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI MAY, 2006/ VAISAKHA, 1928 (Saka) COA No 186 Price: Rs. © 2006 By Lok Sabha Secretariat Published under Rule 382 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha (Eleventh Edition) and Printed by <CONTENTS> PAGE COMPOSITION OF THE COMMITTEE…………………………… (iii) Introduction……………………………………………………………… (v) PART - I Chapter –I Overview of Demands 1 -13 Chapter-II Scheme for Infrastructure Development 14-20 Chapter-III Scheme for Technology Upgradation/Establishment/ Modernization of Food Processing Industries 21-26 Chapter-IV Scheme for Backward and Forward Integration and other Promotional Activities 27-34 Chapter-V Scheme for Human Resource Development 35-37 Chapter-VI Scheme for Strengthening of Institutions 38-40 Chapter-VII Provision for North Eastern Region including Sikkim. 41-42 PART II Recommendations/Observations 43 -59 Appendices APPENDIX I Minutes of the Thirteenth Sitting of the 60- 61 Committee held on 13 April, 2006 APPENDIX II Minutes of the Seventeenth Sitting of the 62- Committee held on 18 May, 2006 Composition of the Standing Committee on Agriculture (2005-2006) Prof. Ram Gopal Yadav – Chairman MEMBERS Lok Sabha 2. Shri Hiten Barman 3. Shri Manoranjan Bhakta 4. -
UPDATED LIST of PARTIES & SYMBOLS As Per Main Notification Dated 13.04.2018 As on 09.03.2019
(UPDATED LIST OF PARTIES & SYMBOLS As per main Notification dated 13.04.2018 As on 09.03.2019) TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY, PART II, SECTION 3, SUB-SECTION (iii) IMMEDIATELY ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA Nirvachan Sadan, Ashoka Road, New Delhi – 110001 No.56/2018/PPS-III Dated : 13th April, 2018. 23 Chaitra, 1940 (Saka). NOTIFICATION WHEREAS, the Election Commission of India has decided to update its Notification No. 56/2016/PPS-III, dated 13th December, 2016, as amended from time to time, specifying the names of recognised National and State Parties, registered-unrecognised parties and the list of free symbols, issued in pursuance of paragraph 17 of the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968; NOW, THEREFORE, in pursuance of paragraph 17 of the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968, and in supersession of its aforesaid notification No. No. 56/2016/PPS-III, dated 13th December, 2016, as amended from time to time, published in the Gazette of India, Extra-Ordinary, Part-II, Section-3, Sub-Section (iii), the Election Commission of India hereby specifies: - (a) In Table I, the National Parties and the Symbols respectively reserved for them and postal address of their Headquarters; (b) In Table II, the State Parties, the State or States in which they are State Parties and the Symbols respectively reserved for them in such State or States and postal address of their Headquarters; (c) In Table III, the registered-unrecognized political parties and postal address of their Headquarters; and (d) In Table IV, the free symbols. IN SO FAR AS elections to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir are concerned, this notification shall be deemed to have been issued in terms of Rules 5 and 10 of the Jammu and Kashmir Conduct of Elections Rules, 1965 and under the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968 as made applicable for elections to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir. -
The Journal of Parliamentary Information ______VOLUME LXVII NO.1 MARCH 2021 ______
The Journal of Parliamentary Information ________________________________________________________ VOLUME LXVII NO.1 MARCH 2021 ________________________________________________________ LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI ___________________________________ THE JOURNAL OF PARLIAMENTARY INFORMATION VOLUME LXVII NO.1 MARCH 2021 CONTENTS ADDRESSES PAGE Address on 'BRICS Partnership in the Interest of Global Stability, General 1 Safety and Innovative Growth: Parliamentary Dimension' at the Sixth BRICS Parliamentary Forum by the Speaker, Lok Sabha on 27 October 2020 Addresses of High Dignitaries at the 80th All India Presiding Officers' Conference, 4 Kevadia, Gujarat on 25-26 November 2020 Address Delivered by the Speaker, Lok Sabha, Shri Om Birla 5 Address Delivered by the Vice-President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu 7 Address Delivered by the President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind 13 Address Delivered by the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi 18 Function for Laying the Foundation Stone for New Parliament Building in New 25 Delhi on 10 December 2020 Address Delivered by the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi 25 Message from the President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind 32 Message from the Vice-President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu 33 SHORT NOTES A New Parliament for New India 34 PARLIAMENTARY EVENTS AND ACTIVITIES 39 Conferences and Symposia 39 Birth Anniversaries of National Leaders 41 Parliamentary Research & Training Institute for Democracies (PRIDE) 43 Members’ Reference Service 46 PARLIAMENTARY AND CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTS 47 SESSIONAL REVIEW 57 State Legislatures 57 RECENT LITERATURE OF PARLIAMENTARY INTEREST 58 APPENDICES I. Statement showing the work transacted by the committees of Lok Sabha 62 during 1 October to 31 December 2020 II. Statement showing the work transacted by the committees of Rajya Sabha 64 during 1 October to 31 December 2020 III. -
Dehradun Chapter Has Wel- Conservators of Students of Various Disciplines
! - 0#!%& %1!! 23!411*531$6%&7%1!! %+$531$6%&7%1!!6 SIDISrtVUU@IB!&!!"&#S@B9IV69P99I !%! %! ' 1"3)! (#& .,.,/ 0. (1 23,43*5 '4&%!;1$ ,9#)9 ; 9 ) .. ) 9. ; .> 9). . ?#. .9## . . ,. <. = >< ! % ,)2" # 8%9'3+!%277&%34&! 4 5 67 8 R he tense situation on the TLine of Actual Control (LAC) has further aggravated with India thwarting yet anoth- er aggressive move by the Chinese in Eastern Ladakh. The Chinese troops also fired warning shots in the air but the Indian Army main- tained calm. China, however, ive youths who had report- claimed it was the Indians who Fedly been abducted by used firearms after breaching China’s PLA from Arunachal the border. This is the first time Pradesh last week have been in more than 45 years that shots located on the Chinese side. were fired on the LAC. The PLA has confirmed This provocative act by the presence of the missing the Chinese on Monday took youths and modalities are place in the southern region of being worked out between the Pangong Tso (lake) in the two sides for their han- Eastern Ladakh. The PLA sol- dover to the Indian Army. diers tried to dislodge the “China’s PLA has respond- Indian Army troops now posi- ed to the hotline message sent tioned on the strategically- by Indian Army. They have important hill tops in the area. confirmed that the missing When they were warned, the youths from Arunachal Chinese fired a few shots in the Pradesh have been found by air. However, there were no spears, long knives and auto- attempting to close-in with their side. -
Statistical Report on General Lection,2015 to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar
STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL LECTION,2015 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF BIHAR ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA NEW DELHI Election Commission of India State Elections, 2015 Legislative Assembly of Bihar STATISTICAL REPORT CONTENTS SUBJECT Part – I Page No. 1. Schedule of Election 3 2. List of Participating Political Parties 4-8 3. Other Abbreviations And Description 9 4. Highlights 10 5. List of Successful Candidates 11 - 16 6. Performance of Political Parties 17 - 23 7. Candidate Data Summary 24 8. Electors Data Summary 25 9. Women Candidates 26 - 35 10. Constituency Data Summary 36 – 278 11. Detailed Results 279 - 424 **** Election Commission of India- State Election, 2015 to the Legislative Assembly Of Bihar LIST OF PARTICIPATING POLITICAL PARTIES PARTY TYPE ABBREVIATION PARTY NATIONAL PARTIES 1 . BJP Bharatiya Janata Party 2 . BSP Bahujan Samaj Party 3 . CPI Communist Party of India 4 . CPM Communist Party of India (Marxist) 5 . INC Indian National Congress 6 . NCP Nationalist Congress Party STATE PARTIES 7 . BLSP Rashtriya Lok Samta Party 8 . JD(U) Janata Dal (United) 9 . LJP Lok Jan Shakti Party 10 . RJD Rashtriya Janata Dal STATE PARTIES - OTHER STATES 11 . AIFB All India Forward Bloc 12 . AIMIM All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen 13 . IUML Indian Union Muslim League 14 . JKNPP Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party 15 . JMM Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 16 . NPEP National Peoples Party 17 . RSP Revolutionary Socialist Party 18 . SHS Shivsena 19 . SP Samajwadi Party REGISTERED(Unrecognised) PARTIES 20 . AAHPty Aap Aur Hum Party 21 . AAMJP Aam Janata Party 22 . ABHKP Akhil Bharatiya Hind Kranti Party 23 . ABHM Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha 24 . -
Covering Page.Pmd
GENERAL ELECTIONS 2014 Reference Handbook Disclaimer : This Reference Handbook has been prepared by the Press Information Bureau solely for the purpose of providing information to the media persons about past General Elections conducted by the Election Commission of India (ECI). Though all efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy and currency of the contours of this book, the same should not be construed as a statement of law or used for any legal purposes. In case of any ambiguity or doubts, readers are advised to verify /check with the website of ECI or other sources. Statistical Sources & References: The Statistical information/data of past General Elections and various orders of the Election Commission of India (ECI) have been taken from the ECI’s website (www.eci.nic.in) For Feedback: Please send your feedback by email to Shri Rajesh Malhotra, Director ( M&C), Election Commission of India, Press Information Bureau. Email address: [email protected] Contact No : 011-23385993 CONTENTS Section I Schedule for General Elections 2014 Page No. 1. Schedule for General Elections 2014 1 2. State/UT wise Seats in the Lok Sabha 17 3. Parliamentary Constituencies Reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes 19 Section II Demographic Profile of the Electorate 4. A Snapshot of the Indian Electorate for General Elections 2014 23 5. Gender-wise Composition of the Indian Electorate 26 6. Distribution of Indian Electors Aged between 18 and 19 Years across States and Union Territories 29 7. Gender-wise Composition of Indian Electors Aged between 18 and 19 Years 31 8. Comparison of the Indian Electorate from 1951-52 to 2014 34 9.