Spiders on Rapa Nui
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Biogeography of the Caribbean Cyrtognatha Spiders Klemen Čandek1,6,7, Ingi Agnarsson2,4, Greta J
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Biogeography of the Caribbean Cyrtognatha spiders Klemen Čandek1,6,7, Ingi Agnarsson2,4, Greta J. Binford3 & Matjaž Kuntner 1,4,5,6 Island systems provide excellent arenas to test evolutionary hypotheses pertaining to gene fow and Received: 23 July 2018 diversifcation of dispersal-limited organisms. Here we focus on an orbweaver spider genus Cyrtognatha Accepted: 1 November 2018 (Tetragnathidae) from the Caribbean, with the aims to reconstruct its evolutionary history, examine Published: xx xx xxxx its biogeographic history in the archipelago, and to estimate the timing and route of Caribbean colonization. Specifcally, we test if Cyrtognatha biogeographic history is consistent with an ancient vicariant scenario (the GAARlandia landbridge hypothesis) or overwater dispersal. We reconstructed a species level phylogeny based on one mitochondrial (COI) and one nuclear (28S) marker. We then used this topology to constrain a time-calibrated mtDNA phylogeny, for subsequent biogeographical analyses in BioGeoBEARS of over 100 originally sampled Cyrtognatha individuals, using models with and without a founder event parameter. Our results suggest a radiation of Caribbean Cyrtognatha, containing 11 to 14 species that are exclusively single island endemics. Although biogeographic reconstructions cannot refute a vicariant origin of the Caribbean clade, possibly an artifact of sparse outgroup availability, they indicate timing of colonization that is much too recent for GAARlandia to have played a role. Instead, an overwater colonization to the Caribbean in mid-Miocene better explains the data. From Hispaniola, Cyrtognatha subsequently dispersed to, and diversifed on, the other islands of the Greater, and Lesser Antilles. Within the constraints of our island system and data, a model that omits the founder event parameter from biogeographic analysis is less suitable than the equivalent model with a founder event. -
Rice Land Inhabiting Long Jawed Orb Weavers, Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804 (Tetragnathidae: Araneae) of South 24-Parganas, West Bengal, India
Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com WSN 55 (2016) 210-239 EISSN 2392-2192 Rice Land inhabiting Long Jawed Orb Weavers, Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804 (Tetragnathidae: Araneae) of South 24-Parganas, West Bengal, India Debarshi Basu* and Dinendra Raychaudhuri** Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty Centre of Integrated Rural Development and Management, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University, Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Narendrapur, Kolkata – 700 103, India *,**E-mail address: [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRACT Spiders inhabiting rice land ecosystem demand serious consideration primarily due their predatory efficiency. In India, their role as a potential bio-control agent is yet to be evaluated. The coastal ecosystem in the Gangetic Delta at the southern part of West Bengal, India, exhibits a wide variety of predatory spider population because of climatic fluctuation, soil quality and several other factors. Orb-weaving spiders appear to be of special importance as they trap more than what they actually consume. The present study is aimed at unfolding the taxonomic diversity of Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804 (family Tetragnathidae, Menge, 1866) which is probably the mostly predominant group amongst orb-weavers found in rice fields of South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India. Of the seven tetragnathid species recorded from the study area, three, T. chauliodus (Thorell), T. boydi O. P. - Cambridge, and T. josephi Okuma are found to be new from the country. The referred species are therefore described and illustrated. Further a key to the species occurring in the area has also been provided. Keywords: Spiders; Orb-weavers; Tetragnatha; South 24 Parganas; India World Scientific News 55 (2016) 210-239 1. -
Spiders (Araneae) of Churchill, Manitoba: DNA Barcodes And
Blagoev et al. BMC Ecology 2013, 13:44 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6785/13/44 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Spiders (Araneae) of Churchill, Manitoba: DNA barcodes and morphology reveal high species diversity and new Canadian records Gergin A Blagoev1*, Nadya I Nikolova1, Crystal N Sobel1, Paul DN Hebert1,2 and Sarah J Adamowicz1,2 Abstract Background: Arctic ecosystems, especially those near transition zones, are expected to be strongly impacted by climate change. Because it is positioned on the ecotone between tundra and boreal forest, the Churchill area is a strategic locality for the analysis of shifts in faunal composition. This fact has motivated the effort to develop a comprehensive biodiversity inventory for the Churchill region by coupling DNA barcoding with morphological studies. The present study represents one element of this effort; it focuses on analysis of the spider fauna at Churchill. Results: 198 species were detected among 2704 spiders analyzed, tripling the count for the Churchill region. Estimates of overall diversity suggest that another 10–20 species await detection. Most species displayed little intraspecific sequence variation (maximum <1%) in the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, but four species showed considerably higher values (maximum = 4.1-6.2%), suggesting cryptic species. All recognized species possessed a distinct haplotype array at COI with nearest-neighbour interspecific distances averaging 8.57%. Three species new to Canada were detected: Robertus lyrifer (Theridiidae), Baryphyma trifrons (Linyphiidae), and Satilatlas monticola (Linyphiidae). The first two species may represent human-mediated introductions linked to the port in Churchill, but the other species represents a range extension from the USA. -
A Protocol for Online Documentation of Spider Biodiversity Inventories Applied to a Mexican Tropical Wet Forest (Araneae, Araneomorphae)
Zootaxa 4722 (3): 241–269 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4722.3.2 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6AC6E70B-6E6A-4D46-9C8A-2260B929E471 A protocol for online documentation of spider biodiversity inventories applied to a Mexican tropical wet forest (Araneae, Araneomorphae) FERNANDO ÁLVAREZ-PADILLA1, 2, M. ANTONIO GALÁN-SÁNCHEZ1 & F. JAVIER SALGUEIRO- SEPÚLVEDA1 1Laboratorio de Aracnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Colonia Copilco el Bajo. C. P. 04510. Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México. E-mail: [email protected] 2Corresponding author Abstract Spider community inventories have relatively well-established standardized collecting protocols. Such protocols set rules for the orderly acquisition of samples to estimate community parameters and to establish comparisons between areas. These methods have been tested worldwide, providing useful data for inventory planning and optimal sampling allocation efforts. The taxonomic counterpart of biodiversity inventories has received considerably less attention. Species lists and their relative abundances are the only link between the community parameters resulting from a biotic inventory and the biology of the species that live there. However, this connection is lost or speculative at best for species only partially identified (e. g., to genus but not to species). This link is particularly important for diverse tropical regions were many taxa are undescribed or little known such as spiders. One approach to this problem has been the development of biodiversity inventory websites that document the morphology of the species with digital images organized as standard views. -
Araneae, Theridiidae)
Phelsuma 14; 49-89 Theridiid or cobweb spiders of the granitic Seychelles islands (Araneae, Theridiidae) MICHAEL I. SAARISTO Zoological Museum, Centre for Biodiversity University of Turku,FIN-20014 Turku FINLAND [micsaa@utu.fi ] Abstract. - This paper describes 8 new genera, namely Argyrodella (type species Argyrodes pusillus Saaristo, 1978), Bardala (type species Achearanea labarda Roberts, 1982), Nanume (type species Theridion naneum Roberts, 1983), Robertia (type species Theridion braueri (Simon, 1898), Selimus (type species Theridion placens Blackwall, 1877), Sesato (type species Sesato setosa n. sp.), Spinembolia (type species Theridion clabnum Roberts, 1978), and Stoda (type species Theridion libudum Roberts, 1978) and one new species (Sesato setosa n. sp.). The following new combinations are also presented: Phycosoma spundana (Roberts, 1978) n. comb., Argyrodella pusillus (Saaristo, 1978) n. comb., Rhomphaea recurvatus (Saaristo, 1978) n. comb., Rhomphaea barycephalus (Roberts, 1983) n. comb., Bardala labarda (Roberts, 1982) n. comb., Moneta coercervus (Roberts, 1978) n. comb., Nanume naneum (Roberts, 1983) n. comb., Parasteatoda mundula (L. Koch, 1872) n. comb., Robertia braueri (Simon, 1898). n. comb., Selimus placens (Blackwall, 1877) n. comb., Sesato setosa n. gen, n. sp., Spinembolia clabnum (Roberts, 1978) n. comb., and Stoda libudum (Roberts, 1978) n. comb.. Also the opposite sex of four species are described for the fi rst time, namely females of Phycosoma spundana (Roberts, 1978) and P. menustya (Roberts, 1983) and males of Spinembolia clabnum (Roberts, 1978) and Stoda libudum (Roberts, 1978). Finally the morphology and terminology of the male and female secondary genital organs are discussed. Key words. - copulatory organs, morphology, Seychelles, spiders, Theridiidae. INTRODUCTION Theridiids or comb-footed spiders are very variable in general apperance often with considerable sexual dimorphism. -
The Biogeography of Large Islands, Or How Does the Size of the Ecological Theater Affect the Evolutionary Play
The biogeography of large islands, or how does the size of the ecological theater affect the evolutionary play Egbert Giles Leigh, Annette Hladik, Claude Marcel Hladik, Alison Jolly To cite this version: Egbert Giles Leigh, Annette Hladik, Claude Marcel Hladik, Alison Jolly. The biogeography of large islands, or how does the size of the ecological theater affect the evolutionary play. Revue d’Ecologie, Terre et Vie, Société nationale de protection de la nature, 2007, 62, pp.105-168. hal-00283373 HAL Id: hal-00283373 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00283373 Submitted on 14 Dec 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THE BIOGEOGRAPHY OF LARGE ISLANDS, OR HOW DOES THE SIZE OF THE ECOLOGICAL THEATER AFFECT THE EVOLUTIONARY PLAY? Egbert Giles LEIGH, Jr.1, Annette HLADIK2, Claude Marcel HLADIK2 & Alison JOLLY3 RÉSUMÉ. — La biogéographie des grandes îles, ou comment la taille de la scène écologique infl uence- t-elle le jeu de l’évolution ? — Nous présentons une approche comparative des particularités de l’évolution dans des milieux insulaires de différentes surfaces, allant de la taille de l’île de La Réunion à celle de l’Amé- rique du Sud au Pliocène. -
A Thesis Entitled Influence of Soil-Quality on Coffee-Plant Quality
A Thesis entitled Influence of Soil-Quality on Coffee-Plant Quality and a Complex Tropical Insect Food Web by David J. Gonthier Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science in Biology (Ecology track) Dr. Stacy Philpott, Committee Chair Dr. Scott Heckathorn, Committee Member Dr. Ivette Perfecto, Committee Member Dr. Patricia Komuniecki, Dean College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo May 2010 Copyright 2010, David J. Gonthier This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no parts of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author. An Abstract of Influence of Soil-Quality on Coffee-Plant Quality and a Complex Tropical Insect Food Web by David J. Gonthier Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science in Biology (Ecology track) The University of Toledo May 2010 Tropical systems are complex, species diverse, and are often regulated by top-down forces (higher trophic levels control lower trophic levels). In many ecosystems insects, especially herbivores and their mutualists, may be strongly affected by plant quality and other bottom-up controls (nutrient availability, plant genetic variation, ect.). Yet few have asked how plant quality (nutritional and defensive plant traits) can contribute to the population regulation and the complexity of these systems. In this thesis, I investigate the importance of soil-quality to both the elemental and secondary metabolite content in coffee and ask how changes to plant quality can influence hemipteran herbivores, their ant-mutualists, predators, and insect communities in a tropical coffee agroecosystem. -
Sexual Selection and Extinction in Deer Saloume Bazyan
Sexual selection and extinction in deer Saloume Bazyan Degree project in biology, Master of science (2 years), 2013 Examensarbete i biologi 30 hp till masterexamen, 2013 Biology Education Centre and Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University Supervisor: Jacob Höglund External opponent: Masahito Tsuboi Content Abstract..............................................................................................................................................II Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 Sexual selection........................................................................................................................1 − Male-male competition...................................................................................................2 − Female choice.................................................................................................................2 − Sexual conflict.................................................................................................................3 Secondary sexual trait and mating system. .............................................................................3 Intensity of sexual selection......................................................................................................5 Goal and scope.....................................................................................................................................6 Methods................................................................................................................................................8 -
The Spider Parasteatoda Tepidariorum
PRIMER SERIES PRIMER 2655 Development 139, 2655-2662 (2012) doi:10.1242/dev.078204 © 2012. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd Evolutionary crossroads in developmental biology: the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum Maarten Hilbrant1, Wim G. M. Damen2 and Alistair P. McGregor1,* Summary Stollewerk et al., 2003; Telford and Thomas, 1998) and are likely Spiders belong to the chelicerates, which is an arthropod group to continue to do so. However, Parasteatoda is now the most that branches basally from myriapods, crustaceans and insects. commonly used chelicerate model for developmental studies, Spiders are thus useful models with which to investigate particularly with respect to embryogenesis (McGregor et al., 2008a; whether aspects of development are ancestral or derived with Oda and Akiyama-Oda, 2008). This is in part owing to the platform respect to the arthropod common ancestor. Moreover, they serve provided by classical embryological studies of spider development as an important reference point for comparison with the (reviewed in Anderson, 1973), the ease of culturing Parasteatoda, development of other metazoans. Therefore, studies of spider its short life cycle, year-round access to all embryonic stages, and development have made a major contribution to advancing our an expanding range of genetic resources and functional tools understanding of the evolution of development. Much of this (McGregor et al., 2008a). knowledge has come from studies of the common house spider, We reasoned previously that further studies of the spiders Parasteatoda tepidariorum. Here, we describe how the growing Parasteatoda and Cupiennius could provide new insights into number of experimental tools and resources available to study developmental mechanisms and their evolution (McGregor et al., Parasteatoda development have provided novel insights into the 2008a). -
Delaware's Wildlife Species of Greatest Conservation Need
CHAPTER 1 DELAWARE’S WILDLIFE SPECIES OF GREATEST CONSERVATION NEED CHAPTER 1: Delaware’s Wildlife Species of Greatest Conservation Need Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Regional Context ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Delaware’s Animal Biodiversity .................................................................................................................... 10 State of Knowledge of Delaware’s Species ................................................................................................... 10 Delaware’s Wildlife and SGCN - presented by Taxonomic Group .................................................................. 11 Delaware’s 2015 SGCN Status Rank Tier Definitions................................................................................. 12 TIER 1 .................................................................................................................................................... 13 TIER 2 .................................................................................................................................................... 13 TIER 3 .................................................................................................................................................... 13 Mammals .................................................................................................................................................... -
Araneae (Spider) Photos
Araneae (Spider) Photos Araneae (Spiders) About Information on: Spider Photos of Links to WWW Spiders Spiders of North America Relationships Spider Groups Spider Resources -- An Identification Manual About Spiders As in the other arachnid orders, appendage specialization is very important in the evolution of spiders. In spiders the five pairs of appendages of the prosoma (one of the two main body sections) that follow the chelicerae are the pedipalps followed by four pairs of walking legs. The pedipalps are modified to serve as mating organs by mature male spiders. These modifications are often very complicated and differences in their structure are important characteristics used by araneologists in the classification of spiders. Pedipalps in female spiders are structurally much simpler and are used for sensing, manipulating food and sometimes in locomotion. It is relatively easy to tell mature or nearly mature males from female spiders (at least in most groups) by looking at the pedipalps -- in females they look like functional but small legs while in males the ends tend to be enlarged, often greatly so. In young spiders these differences are not evident. There are also appendages on the opisthosoma (the rear body section, the one with no walking legs) the best known being the spinnerets. In the first spiders there were four pairs of spinnerets. Living spiders may have four e.g., (liphistiomorph spiders) or three pairs (e.g., mygalomorph and ecribellate araneomorphs) or three paris of spinnerets and a silk spinning plate called a cribellum (the earliest and many extant araneomorph spiders). Spinnerets' history as appendages is suggested in part by their being projections away from the opisthosoma and the fact that they may retain muscles for movement Much of the success of spiders traces directly to their extensive use of silk and poison. -
Biotic Resources of Indio Mountains Research Station
BIOTIC RESOURCES OF INDIO MOUNTAINS RESEARCH STATION Southeastern Hudspeth County, Texas A HANDBOOK FOR STUDENTS AND RESEARCHERS Compiled by: Richard D. Worthington Carl Lieb Wynn Anderson Pp. 1 - 85 El Paso, Texas Fall, 2004 (Continually Reviewed and Updated) by Jerry D. Johnson (Last Update) 16 September 2010 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION - Pg. 3 COLLECTING IMRS RESOURCES – Pg. 4 POLICIES FOR THE PROTECTION OF RESOURCES – Pg. 4 PHYSICAL SETTING – Pg. 5 CHIHUAHUAN DESERT – Pg. 6 CLIMATE – Pg. 6 GEOLOGY – Pg. 8 SOILS – Pg. 12 CULTURAL RESOURCES – Pg. 13 PLANT COMMUNITIES – Pg. 14 LICHENS – Pg. 15 NONVASCULAR PLANTS – Pg. 18 VASCULAR PLANTS – Pg. 19 PROTOZOANS – Pg. 34 FLATWORMS – Pg. 34 ROUNDWORMS – Pg. 34 ROTIFERS – Pg. 35 ANNELIDS – Pg. 36 MOLLUSKS – Pg. 36 ARTHROPODS – Pg. 37 VERTEBRATES – Pg. 64 IMRS GAZETTEER – Pg. 80 2 INTRODUCTION It is our pleasure to welcome students and visitors to the Indio Mountains Research Station (IMRS). A key mission of this facility is to provide a research and learning experience in the Chihuahuan Desert. We hope that this manual will assist you in planning your research and learning activities. You will probably be given a short lecture by the station Director upon entering the station. Please pay attention as IMRS is not without potential hazards and some long-term research projects are underway that could be disturbed if one is careless. Indio Mountains Research Station came into being as a result of the generosity of a benefactor and the far-sighted vision of former UTEP President Haskell Monroe. Upon his death in 1907, the will of Boston industrialist Frank B.