DOCSLIB.ORG

Cultural Identity in the Woman Warrior, the Chickencoop Chinaman, the Year of the Dragon and Donald Duk

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cultural Identity in the Woman Warrior, the Chickencoop Chinaman, the Year of the Dragon and Donald Duk CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE WOMAN WARRIOR, THE CHICKENCOOP CHINAMAN, THE YEAR OF THE DRAGON AND DONALD DUK TANG XIAO SHA MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY CITY UNIVERISTY OF HONG KONG SEPTEMBER 2009 CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG 香港城市大學 Cultural Identity in The Woman Warrior, The Chickencoop Chinaman, The Year of the Dragon and Donald Duk 《女勇士》《雞籠中國佬》《龍年》 《唐老亞》中的美國華裔作家文化身份 Submitted to Department of Chinese, Translation and Linguistics 中文、翻譯及語言學系 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy 哲學碩士學位 by Tang Xiao Sha 湯曉沙 September 2009 二零零九年九月 i Abstract This study takes Chinese American literature from 1960s to 1990s as its subject, focusing on Maxine Hong Kingston’s The Woman Warrior:Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts and Frank Chin’s two plays, The Chickencoop Chinaman, and The Year of the Dragon, and his novel Donald Duk, and discusses the efforts, conflicts and compromise in the making of Chinese American cultural identity as manifested in these writings. The first chapter begins with an introduction of early Chinese immigrants in the US and the formation of Chinatown. By tracing back to the very origin of Chinese American community, I mean to show that although being regarded as unassimilable sojourners by American mainstream society, Chinese Americans were, from the very beginning, rooted in the land of America. This chapter also examines the historical and social situation of America in the 1960s and the1970s. I intend to show how contemporary Chinese American literature reflected the changing experiences of Chinese Americans and their different perspectives towards identity. The second chapter moves on with an overview of white American representations of Chinese immigrants as silent stereotypes which reinforced the Orientalist discourse. It also surveys Chinese American literature before in the 1960s as to investigate in what ways Maxine Hong Kingston and Frank Chin’s works were different from yet inherited Chinese American literary tradition. The third chapter explores the characterization of silence in The Woman Warrior and Frank Chin’s two plays so as to demonstrate that, in spite of those silent characters they deliberately created to be resonant with Chinese American stereotypes, both Maxine Hong Kingston and Frank Chin had consciously taken over the power of representation ii against Chinese American stereotypes imposed by the white American society. Also, this chapter takes the influential “Introduction” to Aiiieeeee!: An Anthology of Asian-American Writers written by Frank Chin and his co-editors as an example to show that during the 1960s and the 1970s, in response to the rise of an Asian American consciousness inspired by the Civil Rights movement and the anti-Vietnam-war activism, Chinese Americans made an effort to build up a distinct Chinese American cultural identity. The fourth chapter investigates the relationship between Chinese culture and Chinese American literature. In spite of the Chineseness in their works, Maxine Hong Kingston and Frank Chin expressed their desire to de-sinicize Chinese America. With an examination into the process of sorting out a Chinese American identity, this chapter will try to reveal that on the one hand, Chinese American writers tried assiduously to sever their cultural connection with China, which resulted in generational conflict and disintegration of the family; while on the other hand, a unique Chinese American identity that was neither Chinese nor Anglo-American which they expect to establish through de-sinicization and identification with black heroism was dubious at best. The fifth chapter deals with re-sinicization—reclamation of the Chinese American historical experience—mainly manifested in Chin’s Donald Duk, partly in reaction to the rise of multiculturalism in the 1980s and partly due to Chinese Americans’ realization that Chinese American history and traditional Chinese culture—admittedly this kind of Chinese culture was an American invention—were usable resources for Chinese Americans to legitimate their right to be an integral part of American culture and history. This conviction was based on the assumption that Chinese Americans shared collective experience in making American history, which must be acknowledged in order to build up a healthy identity that could sustain their living in America. In addition to analyzing iii the process of Chinese American identity-making through highlighting Chinese American contributions to American history, and adapting and interpreting traditional Chinese culture in the writings mentioned above, this chapter also investigates an internal confrontation within Chinese American literary circle, concentrating on the Kingston-Chin controversy. On the one hand, Chin and his male co-editors of The Big Aiiieeeee!:An Anthology of Chinese American and Japanese American literature made vitriolic tirade against Kingston’s dramatization of sexism and her “faking” of traditional Chinese culture, which, according to them, was no better than white feminism and Orientalism. On the other hand, Chin’s characterization of women in his plays was also criticized as revealing his male chauvinism, and his representation of “authentic” Chinese culture is questionable. To analyze the process of building up a Chinese American cultural identity, and to exhibit the conflicting issues yet to be solved, this paper concludes that by embedding their ancestral past into American history, Chinese American writers had endeavored to convey a new Chinese American sensibility after torpedoing the stereotypes; and yet, their writings still unwittingly revealed their unconscious desire to assimilate into the American society. Furthermore, while sorting out such American identity had not yet finished, some of them became at peace with their diasporic existence. Therefore I came to the conclusion that identity may not be a fixed, close and narrowly defined label to Chinese Americans; it might be fluid, tentative or eclectic strategies for them and experienced as a process that would open more new possibilities for Chinese Americans to articulate their sense of belonging by critical reflection of the paradoxes they would be encountered. Considering Chinese American literature has entered a new era where various cultural implications, such as the lure of multiculturalism, a greater sense towards iv diasporaic writing, China’s ascendency to a new role in world affairs, and the inevitable influence of deep Chinese culture, it is my hope that this paper would contribute to the idea that Chinese culture would always play a dynamic role in Chinese American identity-making process and promote the understanding of identity in broad terms. vi Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements................................................................................................................v Abbreviations....................................................................................................................... vii Chapter I Introduction: Historical and Social Background.................................................... 1 Early Immigrants and Chinatown .................................................................................. 1 Changing Sino-American Relations............................................................................... 3 Prelude to the Sixties’ Turmoil: America in the Fifties.................................................. 5 Fading of the Melting Pot Image: America in the Sixties.............................................. 8 Chapter II Chinese American Literary Tradition ................................................................. 13 Stereotypes and Assimilates......................................................................................... 13 Earlier Chinese American Literature............................................................................ 16 Changes in the Air：From Silence to Voice ................................................................ 20 Chapter III Silence and Related Thematic Readings ........................................................... 23 Silence: No-Name Aunt ............................................................................................... 23 White Tiger: An Exotic Fantasy................................................................................... 28 Imagination versus Reality: A Profound Paradox ........................................................ 32 The Inner Conflict and the Image of the Double ......................................................... 35 Moon Orchid, Madness and Creative Writing ............................................................. 39 China Mama, Tam and Fred: Contrast of Characterization in Chin’s Plays ................ 45 Eating as a Field of Confrontation ............................................................................... 49 Chapter IV Paradoxical Attitude towards Chinese Culture.................................................. 57 The (Im)possibility of De-sinicization......................................................................... 57 Generational Conflict................................................................................................... 66 Emasculation and Chin’s Characterization of Women................................................. 77 Chapter V Re-sinicization, Controversy and the Critique of Multiculturalism ..................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Frank Chin Papers Wyles, MSS 103
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8c53jvm No online items Guide to the Frank Chin Papers Wyles, MSS 103 University of California, Santa Barbara, Davidson Library, Department of Special Collections, California Ethnic and Multicultural Archives Santa Barbara, California, 93106-9010 (805) 893-8563 [email protected] Guide to the Frank Chin Papers Wyles, MSS 103 1 Wyles, MSS 103 Title: Frank Chin Papers Identifier/Call Number: Wyles, MSS 103 Contributing Institution: University of California, Santa Barbara, Davidson Library, Department of Special Collections, California Ethnic and Multicultural Archives Language of Material: English Physical Description: 68.0 linear feet121 document boxes; including 1 oversize container Date (inclusive): 1940-2011 Location note: Del Sur Biographical/Historical note Frank Chin is a UCSB graduate (1965) and is widely recognized as the most influential Asian American dramatist and writer (novels, short stories, essays) in the country. He is one of a handful of top literary figures in Asian American literary and cultural communities, and he is distinguished as being the first Asian American playwright produced in New York City. He founded the Asian American Theater Workshop in San Francisco which later evolved into the Asian American Theater Company (AATC). In discussing the value of the papers, Chin remarked, "I hope that my collection of research, letters and experimental manuscripts will stimulate a more traditional study of Asian American literature, beginning with an introduction to the Asian children's stories shared by China, Korea, and Japan since pre-historic times, and the "vernacular novels" developed to spread Chinese heroic tradition of the Ming, as a conscious expression of the myth of civilization throughout Asia.” “By making my papers available to the public, I hope that my efforts to treat knowledge of Asia and America as equally important will be seen and used.” Born February 25, 1940, Frank Chin describes himself as a fifth generation Chinaman.
    [Show full text]
  • Masculinity, Food, and Appetite in Frank Chin's Donald Duk and “The
    2 Masculinity, Food, and Appetite in Frank Chin’s Donald Duk and “The Eat and Run Midnight People” [T]he male body is understood as powerful, big and strong, “with enormous, imperative, brutal needs” which are asserted when eating. —Deborah Lupton, Food, the Body, and the Self [T]he stereotype of male eating habits originated in the bush, and included a lack of table manners for the expression of a rude, hearty appetite, simply cooked meat, damper baked in the ashes of camp fires and meat pies and tomato sauce. —Michael Symons, One Continuous Picnic The name Frank Chin provokes controversy among Asian American readers and scholars, but almost all agree that masculinity has preoccupied his entire literary and critical career. Almost all his writings aim at dismantling the U.S. hegemonic, emasculating representations of Asian American males, even when this agenda must sometimes be carried out at the expense of Asian American women and gay men. Recognizing his homophobic and macho tendencies, I nevertheless value Chin’s literary attempts to assail the prevailing stereotype of Asian American male sexuality. His is not only an important but also a neces- sary project in the evolution of Asian American aesthetics. Moving away from the black masculine model (such as in The Chickencoop Chinaman), Chin in his imagination of a proud Chinese American manhood turns to Asian and Asian American cultures in his 1991 novel, Donald Duk. While Donald Duk is no exception in its goal, it is a departure from the angry tone that dominates his earlier works, such as “Racist Love” (1972), “The Chickencoop China- man” (1981), and “Come All Ye Asian American Writers of the Real and the Fake!” (1991).
    [Show full text]
  • A Dictionary of Literary and Thematic Terms, Second Edition
    A DICTIONARY OF Literary and Thematic Terms Second Edition EDWARD QUINN A Dictionary of Literary and Thematic Terms, Second Edition Copyright © 2006 by Edward Quinn All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Quinn, Edward, 1932– A dictionary of literary and thematic terms / Edward Quinn—2nd ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-8160-6243-9 (hc : alk. paper) 1. Criticism—Terminology. 2. Literature— Terminology. 3. Literature, Comparative—Themes, motives, etc.—Terminology. 4. English language—Terms and phrases. 5. Literary form—Terminology. I. Title. PN44.5.Q56 2006 803—dc22 2005029826 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can fi nd Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfi le.com Text design by Sandra Watanabe Cover design by Cathy Rincon Printed in the United States of America MP FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Contents Preface v Literary and Thematic Terms 1 Index 453 Preface This book offers the student or general reader a guide through the thicket of liter- ary terms.
    [Show full text]
  • The Remasculinization of Chinese America: Race, Violence, and the Novel Author(S): Viet Thanh Nguyen Source: American Literary History, Vol
    The Remasculinization of Chinese America: Race, Violence, and the Novel Author(s): Viet Thanh Nguyen Source: American Literary History, Vol. 12, No. 1/2 (Spring - Summer, 2000), pp. 130-157 Published by: Oxford University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/490245 . Accessed: 21/05/2013 23:48 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Oxford University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Literary History. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 132.174.255.3 on Tue, 21 May 2013 23:48:54 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions The Remasculinizationof Chinese America: Race, Violence, and the Novel Viet Thanh Nguyen 1. Introduction The year 1968 signaled a change in consciousness for Chi- nese Americans, as many of the younger generation in college became radicalized around the antiwar and anti-imperialism movements, and began to connect those issues with the cause of domestic racial empowerment. In that year, Japanese, Chinese, and Filipino American student activists at San Francisco State College coined the
    [Show full text]
  • Masculine Identity in Chinese American Literature and History
    Issue no. 16 JOURNAL OF ROMANIAN LITERARY STUDIES 2019 MASCULINE IDENTITY IN CHINESE AMERICAN LITERATURE AND HISTORY Marian Suciu PhD Student, „Babeș Bolyai” University of Cluj-Napoca Abstract: Masculine Identity in Chinese American Literature and History offers a new perspective on the way in which male Chinese immigrants were perceived in modern and contemporary United States. The evolution of the immigrants' image, from effeminate or common laborers, in the beginning, to today's prosperous businessmen, will be one of the major focus points of this paper. Moreover, this change of perspective is reflected by the literary creations of Chinese American writers, which is another topic this paper discusses. Nowadays, authors and critics propose new models of male Chinese American characters, inspired by the old Chinese tradition of a man developing both his intellect and his heroism, i.e. wen-wun. An example of such a character is Donald Duk, whose transformation from ignorant teenager to heroic defender of Chinese American history will be analyzed within this paper. Keywords: Chinese American, Effeminate, American Ethnic Literature, Frank Chin, Hero. INTRODUCTION Although the United States of America is recognized for being the country were all dreams can become reality, for the longest time America was not everybody‘s Promised Land, as only Americans of European descent were able to fulfill their dreams and get rich, while Africans were used as slaves and East Asians were hired as poorly payed workers on farms, railways construction sites, or in gold mines and factories. Fortunately, in the last century American minorities managed to chance their status from slaves or poorly payed workers to successful American citizen who can have a decent job and be recognized as model citizens.
    [Show full text]
  • Sample Thesis Title with a Concise and Accurate
    CHINESE FAMILY VALUES IN A SELECTION OF CHINESE-AMERICAN AND CHINESE-CANADIAN CHILDREN’S NOVELS ON THE IMMIGRANT EXPERIENCE by Yan Ling Li B.A., The University of Hong Kong, 2010 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Children’s Literature) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) August 2013 © Yan Ling Li, 2013 Abstract This study examines the representation of traditional family values, in particular filial piety, in four Chinese-North American immigrant children’s books: The Bone Collector’s Son by Paul Yee, The Star Fisher by Laurence Yep, Donald Duk: A Novel by Frank Chin, and Yang the Third and Her Impossible Family by Lensey Namioka. Utilizing the theoretical framework of Critical Race Theory and the methodologies of content analysis and close reading, this research investigates the depiction of the role and importance of filial piety in the immigrant families of the texts, as well as the relationship between acculturation and heritage values. Conclusions include that the value of traditional Chinese filial piety, while present in the fictional family relationships, is to an extent modified and questioned in the North American society. The choice of acculturation strategies by parent and child protagonists also creates intergenerational conflicts and affects the adherence to traditional family values. By providing diverse perspectives on the immigrant experience, the novels give a voice to minority group issues and celebrate individual differences. ii Preface This dissertation is original, unpublished, independent work by the author, Yan Ling Li. iii Table of Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Construction of Identity by Three Chinese-American Writers
    Strategies of Authorship by Ethnic Minorities: Construction of Identity by Three Chinese-American Writers WONG Yuen-wing Catherine . A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy in English (Literary Studies) ©The Chinese University of Hong Kong May 2002 The Chinese University of Hong Kong holds the copyright of this thesis. Any person(s) intending to use a part or whole of the materials in the thesis in a proposed publication must seek copyright release from the Dean of the Graduate School. ifer 2 8 H ®Ji ~UNiVE^/M V Acknowledgements I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Prof. Zhang Benzi, my thesis supervisor, for the untiring guidance, inspiring advice and generous moral support throughout the completion of this thesis. Thanks are also due to Prof. David Parker, Prof. Jason Gleckman and Prof. Tarn Kwok Kan and all other members of the English Department who are always helpful and supportive. I am also grateful to Prof. Amritjit Singh, my external examiner, for the invaluable recommendations given. Finally, I would like to say "Thank you" with my most grateful heart to my Room 328 classmates and my friends in the English Department who have shared with me all the joys and sorrows in these two years and have given me endless spiritual support throughout the process of my thesis writing. Strategies of Authorship by Ethnic Minorities: Construction of Identity by Three Chinese-American Writers Abstract: The United States is a multi-cultural nation which has a surprising power to assimilate the ethnic and racial "others" into the Anglo-American majority in American society.
    [Show full text]
  • From Diasporic Spaces to Multicultural Places
    ASIA COLLOQUIA PAPERS Vol. 1 No. 2 // September 2011 FloaƟ ng Points: From Diasporic Spaces to MulƟ cultural Places ABOUT THE AUTHOR In the study of Asian immigrant communi es and culture in North America, par cularly in arts and literature, two Angela C. PAO Dept. of Compara ve Literature intellectual approaches have emerged: the transna onal Indiana University, Bloomington which focuses on country and culture of origin regardless of the loca on of the Diaspora community; and, the na onal which de-emphasizes diaspora in favour of a racial character dis nct to the new genera ons of Asians born and residing in the U.S. and Canada today. In her talk, Angela Pao engages both approaches by presen ng the benefi ts and drawbacks of examining social and cultural ins tu ons, ar s c products, and processes through a transna onal and consequently de-territorialized perspec ve, as opposed to a domes c one that con nues to emphasize Asian histories specifi c to a des na on country or territory. Race and the context of uneven social and power rela ons between immigrant and local communi es, more specifi cally, are the primary bases on which Pao examines the development of Asian immigrant culture, in par cular, Chinese literature in North America, and its usefulness in helping interpret the local and global Asian immigrant experiences. YORK CENTRE FOR ASIAN RESEARCH www.yorku.ca/ycar 1 Asia Colloquia Papers Vol. 1 No. 2 // September 2011 I would like to thank Xu Xueqing 徐学清 and Zeng Li 曾理 for inviƟ ng me to speak at this conference.
    [Show full text]
  • Identity Negotiation Among Chinese American Youth Through the Mediation of Multicultural Literature Susan Katrina Gold
    The University of San Francisco USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center Doctoral Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects 2008 Firing the canon : identity negotiation among Chinese American youth through the mediation of multicultural literature Susan Katrina Gold Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.usfca.edu/diss Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Gold, Susan Katrina, "Firing the canon : identity negotiation among Chinese American youth through the mediation of multicultural literature" (2008). Doctoral Dissertations. 157. https://repository.usfca.edu/diss/157 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects at USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of San Francisco FIRING THE CANON: IDENTITY NEGOTIATION AMONG CHINESE AMERICAN YOUTH THROUGH THE MEDIATION OF MULTICULTURAL LITERATURE A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the School of Education International and Multicultural Education Department In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education by Susan Gold San Francisco December 2008 This dissertation, written under the direction of the candidate’s dissertation committee and approved by the members of the committee, has been presented to and accepted by the Faculty of the School of Education in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of Education. The content and research methodologies presented in this work represent the work of the candidate alone.
    [Show full text]
  • Archipelago of Resettlement: Vietnamese Refugee Settlers in Guam and Israel-Palestine
    Archipelago of Resettlement: Vietnamese Refugee Settlers in Guam and Israel-Palestine by Evyn Lê Espiritu A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Rhetoric and the Designated Emphasis in Critical Theory in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Trinh T. Minh-ha, Chair Professor Daniel Boyarin Professor Colleen Lye Professor Keith Feldman Summer 2018 Abstract Archipelago of Resettlement: Vietnamese Refugee Settlers in Guam and Israel-Palestine by Evyn Lê Espiritu Doctor of Philosophy in Rhetoric with a Designated Emphasis in Critical Theory University of California, Berkeley Professor Trinh T. Minh-ha, Chair Archipelago of Resettlement charts the routes and roots of postwar Vietnamese refugees to two understudied sites of diasporic resettlement. From April to November 1975, the U.S. military processed over 112,000 Vietnamese refugees on Guam; from 1977 to 1979, Israel granted asylum and citizenship to 366 non-Jewish Vietnamese refugees. Theorizing the figure of the archipelago, this dissertation charts connections between non-contiguous, seemingly disparate sites of analysis. Despite important differences between these two case studies, Guam and Israel-Palestine are connected via two interrelated nodes of political violence. First, both are strategic sites of U.S. military empire. Second, both are spaces of settler colonialism. Vietnamese refugees absorbed into these spaces must grapple with what this dissertation calls the “refugee settler condition”: the vexed positionality of subjects whose very condition of political legibility via citizenship is predicated upon the unjust dispossession of an Indigenous population. Organized into three sections of two chapters each, Archipelago of Resettlement reconfigures understandings of both space and time.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 3 Issue 1 June 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of HUMANITIES and CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926
    Volume 3 Issue 1 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND June 2016 CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 Mythopoesis in Frank Chin’s Donald Duk and Gunga Din Highway: An Adoption of Heroic Martial Posture to Counteract American Commodity Fetishism Zeineb Abbassi PhD student, Faculty of Arts and Humanities of Sousse, University of Sousse Tunisia Abstract The Chinese American writer Frank Chin dramatizes the predicaments faced by all U.S twentieth-century minority cultures, whether oriented around ethnicity or around sexuality and how to transform themselves from marginal cultures into emergent cultures capable of challenging the mainstream one. This transformation depends in large on a shift in perspective. Part of what it means to be emergent is to associate yourself with the idea of the new. This newness, however, is a matter of perspective: what is new is what looks new from the vantage point of the dominant. So, it should not surprise us to discover that some cultural forms that we might designate as emergent are, in fact, hundreds, perhaps even thousands of years old. In this context, Frank Chin deals with mythopoesis whereby he adopts myths which have seized the imagination of classical writers. Mythopoesis adopts the ancient stories and transposes them to a symbolic meaning. Indeed, the mythopoetic dimension examined in Frank Chin’s writings arises because of the cultural conflict between Chinese Americans and American mainstream culture. Accordingly, focus in this paper is going to be on how Frank Chin adopts the mythopetic dimension in his novels Donald Duck and Gunga Din Highway and the way he adapts this dimension to counteract American hegemonic culture and commodity fetishism in late capitalist America.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if xmauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North! Z ee b Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313.'761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9421009 Author and audience across cultural margins; Narrative transactions between ethnic writers and outsider readers Richardson, Susan Starr Bleyler, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]