Multi-Organization Letter to House Judiciary Supporting the Email
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SHOP Safe Act Hearing
www.internetassociation.org / @internetassn Written testimony of JONATHAN BERROYA SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL INTERNET ASSOCIATION before the SUBCOMMITTEE ON COURTS, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, AND THE INTERNET JUDICIARY COMMITTEE U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WASHINGTON, D.C. The SHOP SAFE Act: Stemming the Rising Tide of Unsafe Counterfeit Products Online Thursday, May 27, 2021 Subcommittee Chairman Johnson, Ranking Member Issa, and members of the Subcommittee. Internet Association1 (IA) appreciates the opportunity to testify at today’s subcommittee hearing on behalf of the association and its members about the SHOP Safe Act. IA represents over 40 of the world’s leading internet companies. IA is the only trade association that exclusively represents leading global internet companies on matters of public policy. IA's mission is to foster innovation, promote economic growth, and empower people through the free and open internet. The internet creates unprecedented benefits for society, and as the voice of the world’s leading internet companies, we ensure stakeholders understand these benefits. Internet companies, including IA’s members, are at the forefront of protecting consumers from counterfeits. The experiences of IA’s members demonstrate that anti-counterfeiting policy must reflect the necessary partnership between brands and marketplaces, and focus on measures that encourage effective technology and target bad actors. A thriving online economy benefits all stakeholders, including millions of innocent small and medium-sized businesses that are able to access global customers thanks to IA’s member companies. We can all agree that protecting consumers from harmful counterfeit products - no matter how they enter the supply chain - is an important priority. -
Technology and Telecommunications
Technology and Telecommunications In the history of human progress, few industries have grown as tion and consumer choice will suffer. Although some disruptive rapidly or as momentously as technology and telecommunica- newcomers will surely attract serious government scrutiny, tions. Those global markets have upended the ways in which most concerns expressed about novel technologies will prove we communicate, transact, and live. Just a quarter century ago, unfounded or overblown—just as most of the fears once raised mobile phones were expensive, bulky, and often unreliable; the about now-familiar platforms, from the Internet to email to World Wide Web was merely an untested scientific proposal. social networks, have proved manageable. Today, nearly half the world is online, according to the Inter- national Telecommunication Union’s estimates. That virtuous Congress should generally steer clear of enacting new mandates cycle of investment and innovation in technology and tele- or prohibitions on technology and telecommunications busi- communications has boosted global productivity immensely, nesses. Lawmakers should instead observe how voluntary insti- helping create tens of millions of high-skilled jobs worldwide— tutions—chiefly, civil society and the marketplace—and courts many in sectors that did not even exist a few decades ago. and local governments react to market failures if and when they arise. Intervention will rarely be necessary; when it is, Congress How lawmakers choose to govern technology and telecom- should act with a scalpel, not a sledgehammer. Meanwhile, if munications will influence how those sectors evolve, including Congress wants to ensure that technology markets realize their decisions about where to invest private capital. -
FINAL LE ECPA Senate Judiciary Letter May 25 2016
May 25, 2016 The Honorable Chuck Grassley Chairman The Honorable Patrick Leahy Ranking Member Committee on the Judiciary United States Senate Washington, DC 20515 RE: S. 356 - Electronic Communications Privacy Act Amendments Act Dear Chairman Grassley and Ranking Member Leahy, We write in opposition to S. 356, the Electronic Communications Privacy Act Amendments Act, in its current form, and continue to have serious concerns with the House-passed version of H.R. 699, the Email Privacy Act. Additional changes are needed to update the Electronic Communications Privacy Act for the 21st Century. We laid out our primary concerns with H.R. 699 in a letter to the House dated March 16, 2016. We appreciate that House substitute language addressed one of our concerns by removing the unprecedented notice requirement for law enforcement to serve a warrant for electronic evidence held by service providers directly on the customer or subscriber who is the target of the investigation, and to describe the nature of the investigation. However, it did not sufficiently address concerns that law enforcement has consistently raised with Congress over the past five years. Those concerns relate to the challenges faced by law enforcement when trying to obtain the electronic evidence that is increasingly important in generating leads, solving crimes, and finding missing people. The version approved by the House: • does not allow for law enforcement access to time-tested exceptions to the search warrant requirement like an imminent threat of physical harm, likely destruction of evidence, consent by a victim or a witness, or public safety emergencies that are not necessarily part of a criminal investigation (missing child, missing elderly adult); • does not account for types of data that are increasingly a part of criminal and terrorism investigations such as publicly posted electronic content (e.g. -
Bipartisan U.S. Senate Bill Would Allow U.S. Government Demands for Emails Stored Abroad
August 2017 Bipartisan U.S. Senate Bill Would Allow U.S. Government Demands for Emails Stored Abroad Following conflicting court decisions about whether the U.S. government may require the disclosure of electronic communications stored outside the United States, several U.S. Senators recently introduced the International Communications Privacy Act (the “ICPA”), bipartisan legislation intended to clarify the bounds of what the government may demand. Among other things, the proposed legislation would: > permit the government to acquire a judicially-approved warrant to obtain the electronic communications of U.S. citizens and residents and persons located in the United States, wherever stored, as long as they are accessible from a U.S. computer; and > provide procedures for obtaining the electronic communications of non- U.S. persons physically located outside the United States. If enacted, this legislation will provide much needed clarity regarding the U.S. government’s ability to obtain electronic communications. Companies that provide data storage services and their customers should monitor this legislation as it could substantially affect their obligations under U.S. law to produce data to the U.S. government. Currently, the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 (the “ECPA”) governs U.S. government demands for the content of electronic communications from service providers. The key provision, 18 U.S.C. § 2703, requires U.S. government entities to obtain a warrant from a court to obtain more recent electronic communications (stored for 180 days or less). To obtain older electronic communications (stored for more than 180 days), the U.S. government usually only needs a subpoena. Section 2703—adopted more than 30 years ago—does not contain any language indicating whether the physical location of the electronic communications or the customer/subscriber is relevant to whether these communications are subject to production. -
California's Electronic Communications Privacy Act (Calecpa)
AT THE PRIVACY VANGUARD: CALIFORNIA’S ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS PRIVACY ACT (CALECPA) Susan Freiwald† ABSTRACT This Article engages with and contributes to the academic literature on electronic communications privacy by providing the first detailed assessment of California’s groundbreaking legislation. It provides judges and practicing attorneys with practical information on how to interpret and apply CalECPA. In addition, because it analyzes the statute’s innovations and the questions it leaves unanswered, those considering whether to replicate CalECPA’s provisions in Congress, as well as statehouses across the country, will find it valuable. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15779/Z388G8FH73 © 2018 Susan Freiwald. † Professor, USF School of Law. I owe thanks to Mario Iskander, Everett Monroe, Arlette Noujaim, and Chi Vu for their excellent research assistance and Chris Conley, Nicole Ozer, Lee Tien, and attendees of the Privacy Law Scholars’ conference in June of 2016 for their exceptionally helpful editing suggestions and discussions about CalECPA. I served as an issue expert for CalECPA’s authors, State Senators Mark Leno and Joel Anderson, and as a member of the bill’s policy and language teams. In that capacity, I helped answer questions about the bill’s language, testified at legislative committee hearings about its legal impact, and coordinated dozens of academic colleagues to send a scholarly support letter to California Governor Jerry Brown. 132 BERKELEY TECHNOLOGY LAW JOURNAL [Vol. 33:131 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ -
United States Court of Appeals for the SECOND CIRCUIT ______
Case 14-2985, Document 286-1, 07/14/2016, 1815361, Page1 of 43 14‐2985 Microsoft v. United States United States Court of Appeals FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT ______________ August Term, 2015 Argued: September 9, 2015 Decided: July 14, 2016 Docket No. 14‐2985 ______________ In the Matter of a Warrant to Search a Certain E‐Mail Account Controlled and Maintained by Microsoft Corporation ______________ MICROSOFT CORPORATION, Appellant, – v. – UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Appellee. ______________ B e f o r e : LYNCH and CARNEY, Circuit Judges, and BOLDEN, District Judge.* ______________ Microsoft Corporation appeals from orders of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (1) denying Microsoft’s motion to quash a warrant (“Warrant”) issued under the Stored Communications Act, 18 U.S.C. §§ 2701 et seq., to the extent that the orders required Microsoft to produce the contents of a customer’s e‐ mail account stored on a server located outside the United States, and (2) holding Microsoft in civil contempt of court for its failure to comply with the Warrant. We *The Honorable Victor A. Bolden, of the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut, sitting by designation. Case 14-2985, Document 286-1, 07/14/2016, 1815361, Page2 of 43 conclude that § 2703 of the Stored Communications Act does not authorize courts to issue and enforce against U.S.‐based service providers warrants for the seizure of customer e‐mail content that is stored exclusively on foreign servers. REVERSED, VACATED, AND REMANDED. Judge Lynch concurs in a separate opinion. ______________ E. -
Supreme Court of the United States
No. 20-727 IN THE Supreme Court of the United States FACEBOOK, INC., Petitioner, v. PERRIN AIKENS DAVIS, et al., Respondents. ON PETITION FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT BRIEF FOR INTERNET ASSOCIATION, CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, SOFTWARE AND INFORMATION INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION, AND COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION AS AMICI CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONER PATRICK J. CAROME Counsel of Record ARI HOLTZBLATT AMY LISHINSKI WILMER CUTLER PICKERING HALE AND DORR LLP 1875 Pennsylvania Ave., NW Washington, DC 20006 (202) 663-6000 [email protected] ADDITIONAL COUNSEL LISTED ON INSIDE COVER JONATHAN BERROYA CHRISTOPHER MOHR INTERNET ASSOCIATION SOFTWARE AND INFORMATION 660 North Capitol St., NW INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Suite 200 1090 Vermont Ave., NW Washington, DC 20001 Washington, DC 20005 (202) 869-8680 (202) 289-7442 jonathan@ [email protected] internetassociation.org MATTHEW SCHRUERS DARYL JOSEFFER COMPUTER AND TARA S. MORRISSEY COMMUNICATIONS U.S. CHAMBER LITIGATION INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION CENTER 25 Massachusetts Ave., NW 1615 H St., NW Suite 300C Washington, DC 20062 Washington, DC 20001 (202) 463-5337 (202) 470-3620 [email protected] [email protected] QUESTION PRESENTED The Wiretap Act prohibits the “intentional[] inter- cept[ion]” of an “electronic communication,” but pre- cludes liability for a “party to [a] communication” or when a party consents to the interception. 18 U.S.C. § 2511(1), (2)(d). Internet webpages are frequently composed of content—images and text—sent from mul- tiple providers according to instructions communicated by a user’s web browser to obtain that content. -
Update to Comments of Internet Association
Before the United States Copyright Office Washington, D.C. In re: Section 512 Study: May 9, 2019 Notice and Request for Public Comment Docket No. USCO-2015-7 UPDATE TO COMMENTS OF INTERNET ASSOCIATION Internet Association appreciates the opportunity to update its April 2016 comments1 on the Copyright Office’s study of Section 512 of the Copyright Act. The U.S. copyright system has a strong and innovation-oriented copyright framework that benefits consumers, protects creators’ rights, and enables innovation – including through the safe harbors and limitations and exceptions in the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). Internet Association (IA) represents over 40 of the world’s leading internet companies.2 IA is the only trade association that exclusively represents leading global internet companies on matters of public policy. IA’s mission is to foster innovation, promote economic growth, and empower people through the free and open internet. IA member companies are leading licensees, distributors and creators of copyrighted works, as well as platforms that allow people to distribute and share the copyrighted works they have created. IA filed comments with the U.S. Copyright Office (the Office) in 2016 in response to its request for comments and participated in the public round tables held by the Office in the same year. IA has consistently held the position that Section 512 creates a balanced system that supports diverse stakeholders, providing rights holders, creators, internet companies, technology industries, and users the tools necessary to grow a robust online ecosystem. The DMCA safe harbors have achieved the goal3 established by stakeholders and policy makers: the internet has survived and thrived, benefiting creators, the public, and internet companies. -
Who Has Your Back? 2016
THE ELECTRONIC FRONTIER FOUNDATION’S SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT ON Online Service Providers’ Privacy and Transparency Practices Regarding Government Access to User Data Nate Cardozo, Kurt Opsahl, Rainey Reitman May 5, 2016 Table of Contents Executive Summary........................................................................................................................... 4 How Well Does the Gig Economy Protect the Privacy of Users?.........................4 Findings: Sharing Economy Companies Lag in Adopting Best Practices for Safeguarding User Privacy....................................................................................5 Initial Trends Across Sharing Economy Policies...................................................6 Chart of Results.................................................................................................................................... 8 Our Criteria........................................................................................................................................... 9 1. Require a warrant for content of communications............................................9 2. Require a warrant for prospective location data................................................9 3. Publish transparency reports............................................................................10 4. Publish law enforcement guidelines................................................................10 5. Notify users about government data requests..................................................10 6. -
Internet Association UK Policy Charter
Internet Association UK Policy Charter Internet Association UK Policy Charter The internet economy will drive 21st century prosperity. Individuals, families, and businesses already find that internet products make their lives richer, easier, and more productive. And the internet’s widespread and positive impact on the economy is well known. With the right policy environment, there is a golden opportunity for the internet industry to help society navigate through uncertain times and create even more value for consumers and the economy in the future. Internet Association (IA) is the unified voice of the internet economy. Active globally since 2012, with a mission to foster innovation, promote economic growth and empower people, IA has established an office in London in 2018 to constructively engage with the internet public policy debate in the UK. We are firm believers in the benefits that technology brings to everyday life and the economy, and for the potential that internet innovation has to transform society for the better. That said, we also recognise that there are legitimate concerns with how some internet products and services are used, and that internet companies have a critical role to play in engaging with policy debates, being open and transparent, and working with government and civil society. Internet companies have already taken a number of steps to address these concerns. From the provision, and significant expansion, of systems for flagging, detecting, and removing inappropriate or abusive content - using a combination of human review and artificial intelligence - to participation in, and leadership of, global bodies such as the Internet Watch Foundation and the Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism, internet companies are continually innovating to keep people safe online. -
April 26, 2016 Dear Representative, We, The
April 26, 2016 Dear Representative, We, the undersigned civil society organizations, companies and trade associations, write to express our support for the Email Privacy Act (H.R. 699). The Act updates the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA), the law that sets standards for government access to private internet communications, to reflect internet users’ reasonable expectations of privacy with respect to emails, texts, notes, photos, and other sensitive information stored in “the cloud.” The bill would end ECPA’s arbitrary “180-day rule,” which permits email communications to be obtained without a warrant after 180 days. The Act would also reject the Department of Justice interpretation of ECPA that the act of opening an email removes it from warrant protection. These reforms would ratify the Sixth Circuit’s decision in U.S. v. Warshak, which held that email content is protected by the Fourth Amendment and that law enforcement access requires a probable cause warrant. Moreover, the changes reflect current practices: DOJ and FBI policies already require law enforcement officials seeking content to obtain a search warrant, and many service providers will not relinquish their users’ content without one. The bill reported from committee does not achieve all of the reforms we had hoped for. Indeed, it removes key provisions of the proposed bill, such as the section requiring notice from the government to the customer when a warrant is served, which are necessary to protect users. However, it does impose a warrant-for-content rule with limited exceptions. We are particularly pleased that the bill does not carve out civil agencies from the warrant requirement, which would have expanded government surveillance power and undermined the very purpose of the bill. -
HB 148 (Zolnikov): Electronic Communications
March 20, 2017 Governor Steve Bullock Office of the Governor PO Box 200801 Helena, MT 59620-0801 RE: Veto Request - HB 148 (Zolnikov): Electronic communications Dear Governor Bullock: The Center for Democracy & Technology (CDT) and Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) respectfully requests an AMENDATORY VETO of HB 148 (Zolnikov) to address the concerns stated below. CDT is a nonpartisan, nonprofit technology policy advocacy organization dedicated to protecting civil liberties and human rights, including privacy, free speech and access to information. EFF is a member- supported non-profit civil liberties organization that works to protect free speech and privacy in the digital world. We are experts in the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, the federal analogue to HB 148, and have long argued for its modernization.1 While we applaud the underlying purpose of the bill – to secure the content of communications held by third parties – key provisions of the bill undercut that goal, harming the privacy of internet users, both at home and abroad, and may suffer from serious constitutional infirmity. As an initial matter, section 2 of the bill (authorizing the use of investigative subpoenas to gather the contents of communications from an electronic communication service) risks violating the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution as interpreted by at least one federal appellate court. In 2010, in U.S. v. Warshak, the Sixth Circuit ruled that people have a reasonable expectation of privacy in email content and that it should only be accessed with a search warrant.2 While the Warshak decision is technically only applicable in the Sixth Circuit, the difficulty in determining where a particular user was located and the persuasiveness of the court’s reasoning has 1 Reforming the Electronic Communications Privacy Act: Hearing Before the S.