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OXOID MANUAL PRELIMS 16/6/06 12:18 pm Page 1 The OXOID MANUAL 9th Edition 2006 Compiled by E. Y. Bridson (substantially revised) (former Technical Director of Oxoid) Price: £50 OXOID MANUAL PRELIMS 16/6/06 12:18 pm Page 2 The OXOID MANUAL 9th Edition 2006 Compiled by E. Y. Bridson (substantially revised) (former Technical Director of Oxoid) 9th Edition 2006 Published by OXOID Limited, Wade Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG24 8PW, England Telephone National: 01256 841144 International: +44 1256 841144 Email: [email protected] Facsimile National: 01256 463388 International: +44 1256 463388 Website http://www.oxoid.com OXOID SUBSIDIARIES AROUND THE WORLD AUSTRALIA DENMARK NEW ZEALAND Oxoid Australia Pty Ltd Oxoid A/S Oxoid NZ Ltd 20 Dalgleish Street Lunikvej 28 3 Atlas Place Thebarton, Adelaide DK-2670 Greve, Denmark Mairangi Bay South Australia 5031, Australia Tel: 45 44 97 97 35 Auckland 1333, New Zealand Tel: 618 8238 9000 or Fax: 45 44 97 97 45 Tel: 00 64 9 478 0522 Tel: 1 800 331163 Toll Free Email: [email protected] NORWAY Fax: 618 8238 9060 or FRANCE Oxoid AS Fax: 1 800 007054 Toll Free Oxoid s.a. Nils Hansen vei 2, 3 etg Email: [email protected] 6 Route de Paisy BP13 0667 Oslo BELGIUM 69571 Dardilly Cedex, France PB 6490 Etterstad, 0606 Oxoid N.V./S.A. Tel: 33 4 72 52 33 70 Oslo, Norway Industriepark, 4E Fax: 33 4 78 66 03 76 Tel: 47 23 03 9690 B-9031 Drongen, Belgium Email: [email protected] Fax: 47 23 09 96 99 Tel: 32 9 2811220 Email: [email protected] GERMANY Fax: 32 9 2811223 Oxoid GmbH SPAIN Email: [email protected] Postfach 10 07 53 Oxoid S.A. BRAZIL D-46467 Via de los Poblados 10 Oxoid Brasil Ltda Wesel, Germany Nave 3-13 rua Arizona 1349 Tel: 49 281 1520 Madrid 28033, Spain 8° andar – Conjunto 01 Fax: 49 281 1521 Tel: 34 91 382 2021 Brooklin Novo Fax: 34 91 763 7662 IRELAND Sao Paulo – SP Oxoid Ireland SWEDEN 04567-003, Brasil c/o Fannin Healthcare Ltd Oxoid AB Tel: 00 55 11 5505 0014 Blackthorn Road Sjöängsvägen 7 Fax: 00 55 11 5505 6010 Sandyford Industrial Estate S-192 72 Sollentuna, Sweden Email: [email protected] Foxrock, Dublin 16 Tel: 46 8 626 6050 CANADA Tel: 353 1 2944500 Fax: 46 8 626 6059 Oxoid Company Fax: 353 1 2953818 Email: [email protected] Suite 100 Email: [email protected] SWITZERLAND 1926 Merivale Road ITALY Oxoid AG Nepean Oxoid S.p.A. Reichensteinerstrasse 14 Ontario K2G 1E8, Canada Via Montenero 180 Postfach CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland Tel: 613 226 1318 or 20024 Garbagnate Mil.sc (MI), Italy Tel: 41 61 271 6660 Tel: 800 267 6391 Toll Free Tel: 39 02 994 721 Fax: 41 61 271 6608 Fax: 613 226 3728 Fax: 39 02 995 8260 Email: [email protected] USA Email: [email protected] Remel Inc NETHERLANDS 12076 Santa Fe Drive Head Office: Wade Road, Basingstoke, Oxoid B.V. PO Box 14428 Hampshire RG24 8PW, England Pieter Goedkoopweg 38 Lenexa 2031 EL Haarlem KS 66215, USA © Copyright 1998 by Oxoid Ltd Postbus 490 Tel: 800 255 6730 All rights reserved. No part of this publication 2000 AL Haarlem, Holland Fax: 800 621 8251 may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval Tel: 31 2353 19173 Email: [email protected] system, or transmitted, in any form or by any Fax: 31 2353 10543 means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, Email: [email protected] recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United Kingdom OXOID MANUAL PRELIMS 16/6/06 12:18 pm Page 3 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION (History of Company) The Oxoid Quality Policy Storage of Oxoid Microbiological Products Precautions in Microbiology 2 CULTURE MEDIA 3 SUPPLEMENTARY REAGENTS 4 LABORATORY PREPARATIONS 5 ANAEROBIC SYSTEMS 6 BLOOD CULTURE 7 ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING 8 BIOCHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION 9 RAPID FOOD TESTS 10 DIAGNOSTIC REAGENTS 11 CULTI-LOOPS AND QUANTI-CULT 12 PRODUCT INDEX OXOID MANUAL PRELIMS 16/6/06 12:18 pm Page 4 LEFT BLANK OXOID MANUAL SECTION 1 16/6/06 12:02 pm Page 1 1 INTRODUCTION OXOID MANUAL SECTION 1 16/6/06 12:02 pm Page 2 2006 OXOID MANUAL SECTION 1 16/6/06 12:02 pm Page 1 Introduction INTRODUCTION The origins of OXOID Ltd go back to the beginnings of the science of microbiology. Justus von Liebig (a famous chemist who clashed with Louis Pasteur about the microbiological cause of fermentation) had long been concerned about malnutrition in the poor of Europe. In 1860 he devised a concentrated meat extract which could be stored at room temperature without risk of spoilage. He called it “Extractum carnis’’ and he hoped it could be made available to everyone. This hope could not be achieved in Europe because of the high price of meat. However, in 1861, George Christian Giebert, a Belgian engineer working in Uruguay, read of this work and of Liebig’s promise to help anyone who could produce the Extract to the same high standards. Both men knew that in South America, cattle were being slaughtered in thousands, solely for their hides and fat, the meat being abandoned to rot. Giebert visited Liebig in his Munich factory, learned the process and raised money in Antwerp to create a meat extract factory at Fray Bentos in Uruguay. Liebig approved of Giebert’s product and allowed it to be called Liebig Extract of Meat. By 1865, production was so successful that the company was running out of money. This problem was solved when the Liebig Extract of Meat Company was formed and registered in London that same year. Both scientist and engineer had succeeded in their tasks. When Liebig died in 1873, he knew that his excellent extract was available to all in Europe. When Giebert died, a year later, he knew that he had established a sound industrial basis for the production of high quality products. Later more factories were established in South America, with surrounding ranches to breed cattle. After Liebig’s death, it was no longer possible to protect the great man’s name on the bottle of Extract. Inferior Liebig Extracts began to appear on the market. To overcome this problem the Liebig Extract of Meat Company registered the trade mark LEMCO, from its initials. Whilst sales of LEMCO and its by product Corned Beef continued to rise, the Company expanded its product range. Another meat extract, OXO was developed for English taste which preferred its high salt, low fat piquant flavour. It was this product which formed the penny OXO cube, a cheap and convenient form of nourishment. The commencement of the First World War in 1914 severed all links with Belgium and the Liebig marketing company Oxo Limited was formed in London that same year to sell products in the UK. In 1924 Oxo Limited formed a Medical Division to sell glandular products to doctors under the trade name OXOID. About this time, LAB-LEMCO was developed for use in culture media. It was formulated from pale- coloured, low fat meat extracts which were more appropriate for the growth of micro-organisms. This was also the period when Liebig-Oxo increased investigation into enzymic- and acid-hydrolysis of meat and vegetable proteins to increase flavour and amino-nitrogen content of OXO. This work would eventually lead to the familiar peptones, such as Bacteriological Peptone L37. The Second World War in 1939 presented new challenges and opportunities for change. The formation of the Emergency Pathology Service (EPS) to combat epidemics and the threat of biological warfare, meant that bacteriological investigations increased greatly. The development of penicillin in the 1940s gave further impetus to this activity. The EPS was transformed into the Public Health Laboratory Service and penicillin was followed by many other antibiotics. The Medical Division of Oxo Ltd., began to turn its attention to this rapidly growing market where infectious disease diagnosis and the industrial production of allied biologicals were of increasing importance. When, in 1957, it was decided to stop sales of pharmaceutical products, the replacement products (Oxoid Culture Media) were already being developed. Experience in the War had shown the value of dehydrated media and it was decided that this would be the main activity of the Oxoid Division. So successful was this decision that in 1965, Oxoid Limited was created as a separate subsidiary company of Liebig Extract of Meat Company. In 1968 Liebig Extract of Meat Company merged with Brooke Bond Limited. The merged company was given the name Brooke-Bond Oxo and trade in culture media continued under Oxoid Limited. In 1984 Brooke-Bond Oxo was purchased by Unilever Plc and for the first time in its history Oxoid was separated from Oxo. This prepared the way for all Unilever’s medical products companies to be relaunched under a single international corporate identity, UNIPATH. Finally, in 1996 Unilever decided to concentrate more on its core businesses and as a result Oxoid became an independent company for the first time in its history. During the entire period of the Company’s development outlined above the science of bacteriology was itself evolving with considerable speed. Early observers of microscopic life forms including Needham (1745) had recognised the need for the preparation of suitable nutrient fluids for their growth but there was a lack of uniformity in the methods followed. The study of nutrient media possessing more exact composition was initiated by Pasteur in 1860. Cohn developed this work and published the formula for his ‘normal bacterial liquid’ in 1870.