DOCSLIB.ORG

Determination of Biodiversity of Coprinus Comatus Using

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Determination of Biodiversity of Coprinus Comatus Using Vol. 62, No 4/2015 683–689 http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2015_1102 Regular paper Determination of biodiversity of Coprinus comatus using genotyping and metabolic profiling tools* Anna Pawlik1, Anna Malinowska1, Marek Siwulski2, Magdalena Frąc3, Jerzy Rogalski1 and Grzegorz Janusz1* 1Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland; 2Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland; 3Department of Plant and Soil System, Laboratory of Molecular and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Agro- physics PAS, Lublin, Poland Coprinus comatus strains (CCMs) originating from Po- Up to date, only a few of laboratory-based techniques land were identified using ITS region sequencing. Based have been used to study the genetic diversity in Coprinus, on the sequences obtained, the genetic relationship be- such as random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) tween the CCM strains was determined and a clear sepa- (Muraguchi et al., 2003; Jang et al., 2009), internal tran- ration of all strains into two main clusters was obtained. scribed spacers (ITS) 25S ribosomal DNA sequenc- The Coprinus strains were also genetically characterized ing technique (Ko et al., 2001; Keirle et al., 2004), large for the first time by the AFLP technique. The analysis subunit rDNA sequencing technique (Hopple & Vilgalys, showed that the CCMs separated into four main clusters 1999), RFLP markers (Muraguchi et al., 2003), sequence and a high complication of a UPGMA-based dendrogram related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) (Cai et al., 2010), was achieved. C. comatus strains included in the analy- and functional characterization of specific gene families sis displayed an AFLP profile similarity level in the range (Agger et al., 2009). from 44 to 66%. The highest similarity coefficient, 0.490, Although the Agaricales include many edible and me- was found between CCM12 and CCM13, and the lowest dicinal species (Stamets, 2000), these mushrooms are of- (0.202) between the CCM2 and CCM5 isolates. Biolog FF ten poorly characterized or intractable to genetic analysis MicroPlates were applied to obtain data on utilization (Muraguchi et al., 2003), and there are many gaps to be of 95 carbon sources and mycelial growth. The analysis filled in the current knowledge on their taxonomy and allowed comparison of the functional diversity of the biology. The traditional generic concept for Coprinus Pers. CCM strains and revealed a broad variability within the has existed for over 200 years. Members of the genus analyzed Coprinus species based on substrate utilization were recognized by a suite of morphological characters. profiles. Significant differences (2–48) have been shown Phylogenetic analyses of the DNA sequences are begin- in the substrate richness values. The Biolog experiments ning to demonstrate relationships among fungi that have proved to be a good profiling technology for studying not been obtainable previously through morphological the diversity in shaggy manes due to metabolic differ- characterization alone (Keirle et al., 2004). The develop- ences and demonstrated that all the strains might be ment of tools aimed at clear-cut and safe identification considered individually. It is evident that the strain met- and assessment of the genetic variability of fungal strains abolic grouping does not correlate with the grouping is thus a fundamental goal of molecular genetics research based on the ITS sequences and AFLP profiles, however, (Urbanelli et al., 2007). However, the use of genetic tech- some similarities may be observed. niques alone in fungal diversity studies has sometimes failed (Hoyos-Carvajal et al., 2009). Additionally, phylog- Key words: AFLP, ITS, Biolog, fungal diversity, Coprinus comatus, shag- enies based only on a selected molecular method do not gy mane mushroom necessarily have the same topology as trees made from Received: 15 July, 2015; revised: 17 September, 2015; accepted: morphological or biochemical data (Kubicek et al., 2003; 02 October, 2015; available on-line: 26 October, 2015 Tripathi et al., 2011). Recently, metabolic profiling tech- nologies have been applied to investigate the taxonomy and metabolic relationships within fungi (Tripathi et al., INTRODUCTION 2011; Janusz et al., 2015; Pawlik et al., 2015). Bearing this in mind, it seems highly reasonable and fully justified to Coprinus comatus, the shaggy mane mushroom, is com- use a comprehensive approach, taking into account mo- monly seen on newly disturbed grounds, grassy places, lecular, morphological, physiological, and metabolic data and road sides. Moreover, it has been cultivated as a de- in the research concerning identification and differentia- licious and highly nutritious edible species in recent years tion of fungal species. in China (Sabo et al., 2010; Stojkovic et al., 2013). Beside Therefore, the aim of the present work was to deter- its culinary value, C. comatus is regarded as a medicinal mine the intraspecific diversity of Coprinus comatus based mushroom and in recent years numerous publications *e-mail: [email protected] have been produced indicating that it may possess an- *The results concerning Coprinus comatus genetic identification tioxidant, antitumor, antidiabetic, immuno-modulating, (ITS sequencing) were presented in the form of a poster at the 47th National Scientific Conference “Microorganisms-plants the hypolipidemic, and antibacterial properties (Han et al., environment under changing climate conditions” (2013 Puławy, 2006; Li, Lu, et al., 2010; Sabo et al., 2010; Ren et al., Poland). The results on C. comatus Biolog metabolic profiling were 2012; Zhao et al., 2014). In addition, its ability to kill presented in the form of a poster at the 6th International Weigl nematodes is intensively studied (Luo et al., 2004; Luo Conference on Microbiology, Gdańsk, Poland (8–10 July, 2015). et al., 2007). Abbreviations: CCMs,Coprinus comatus strains 684 A. Pawlik and others 2015 on a complex approach using genetic and biochemical Table 1. List of Coprinus comatus strains (CCMs) used in this profiling tools. In addition, we investigated the useful- study ness of these methods for identification and establishing the genomic and metabolic relationships between C. co- a,b GenBank matus strains. Strain number Geographical origin Accession 1. CCM1 Poznań (Poland) JQ901432 MATERIALS AND METHODS 2. CCM2 Poznań (Poland) JQ901433 Fungal strains and cultivation. Coprinus comatus 3. CCM3 Wojnowice (Poland) JQ901434 strains (CCMs, Table 1) were obtained from the De- 4. CCM4 Przyprostynia (Poland) JQ901435 partment of Vegetable Crops, University of Life Sci- ences, Poznan, Poland (ULSP) and deposited at the 5. CCM5 Wojnowo (Poland) JQ901436 Fungal Culture Collection (FCL) of the Department of 6. CCM6 Wilkanowo (Poland) JQ901437 Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lub- 7. CCM7 Jarnatów (Poland) JQ901438 lin, Poland. Pure cultures of C. camatus isolates were ob- tained by excising pieces of trama from carpophores and 8. CCM8 Borne Sulinowo (Poland) JQ901439 transferring them onto Malt Extract Agar medium (Dif- 9. CCM9 Swochowo (Poland) JQ901440 co, BD, USA). Next, the incubation was carried out for 14 days at 25°C and the mycelium was transferred onto 10. CCM10 Smołdzino (Poland) JQ901441 PDA medium (HiMedia, India). The stock culture of 11. CCM11 Skierniewice (Poland) JQ901442 the fungal strains was maintained on Malt Extract Agar 12. CCM12 Kobiór (Poland) JQ901443 slants. The slants were inoculated with mycelia and incu- bated at 24°C for 8 days, and then used for seed culture 13. CCM13 Tychy (Poland) JQ901444 inoculation. The mycelia of C. comatus strains were trans- 14. CCM14 Dębska Kuźnia (Poland) JQ901445 ferred into a 40 ml liquid Lindeberg-Holm (LH) medium aFCL, Fungal Collection of Lublin, Department of Biochemistry, Maria (1952) in 100 ml Erlenmayer flask by punching out ca. 5 Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland; bULSP, Department of 2 mm of the slants with a sterilized cutter. The seeds were Vegetable Crops, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland cultivated for 14 days at 24°C. Next, broth cultures were harvested by centrifugation (10 000 × g; 10 min) and used for DNA isolation. base searches were performed with the BLAST program DNA extraction. The mycelia from liquid cultures at the National Centre for Biotechnology Information were used for DNA extraction according to the modi- (Bethesda, MD, USA). The multiple DNA sequence fied protocol developed by Borges et al. (1990). To ex- alignments were performed with the Clustal-W algorithm tract DNA, 20 mg of fresh mycelium was transferred to (Thompson et al., 1994). The neighbour-joining (NJ) al- a 1.2 ml Lysing Matrix A tube (MP Biomedicals, USA) gorithm was employed to construct phylogenetic tree for supplemented with 1 ml of spermidine–SDS buffer C. comatus strains as implemented in MEGA v.6.0 soft- (4 mM spermidine, 10 mM EDTA, 0.1 M NaCl, 0.5% ware. Fewer than 5% alignment gaps, missing data, and SDS, 10 mM β–mercaptoethanol, 40 mM Tris–HCl, pH ambiguous bases were allowed at any position. The to- 8.0) and homogenized 3 × 40 seconds using a benchtop pology of the tree was evaluated by bootstrap analysis of homogenizer FastPrep-24 Instrument (MP Biomedicals, the sequence data based on 1 000 random resamplings. USA). The mixture was then centrifuged, transferred Phylogenetic tree visualization was performed using the (0.6 ml) to sterile 1.5 ml Eppendorf tubes, and imme- TreeView applet (Page, 1996). diately extracted two times with 1 volume of phenol. AFLP fingerprinting. The AFLP (Amplified Frag- Subsequently, the aqueous phase was extracted with 1 ment Length Polymorphism) analysis was performed as volume of chloroform–isoamyl alcohol (24:1) and cen- described by Vos et al. (1995) with some modifications trifuged (10 000 × g, 10 min, 4°C). Next, a 0.1 volume of (Pawlik et al., 2012). Adapters and primers were synthe- 3 M sodium acetate (pH 5.5) was added to the aqueous sized by GensetOligos, France, and IBB PAN, Poland. phase. DNA was then precipitated by the addition of All reagents and chemicals were of molecular biology 2 volumes of ice-cold 96% ethanol and recovered by grade.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A New Section and Two New Species of Podaxis (Gasteromycetes) from South Africa
    S.Afr.l. Bot., 1989,55(2): 159-164 159 A new section and two new species of Podaxis (Gasteromycetes) from South Africa J.J.R. de Villiers, A. Eicker* and G.C.A. van der Westhuizen Department of Botany, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001 Republic of South Africa Accepted 7 September /988 Podaxis africana De Villiers, Eicker & van der Westhuizen and P. rugospora De Villiers, Eicker & van der Westhuizen, two new species from Transvaal are described and illustrated. A new section, Umbricorticalis De Villiers, Eicker & van der Westhuizen is proposed in the genus Podaxis to accommodate P. africana. Morphologically P. africana resembles P. microporus McKnight but it is distinguished by its large globose, subglobose to broadly ovoid spores, the absence of a 'pin prick' pore structure, the black gleba, and the deep orange to strong brown inner cortex of the stipe. P. rugospora is allied to P. pistillaris (L. ex Pers.) Fr. emend. Morse from which it differs by reason of the hyaline, narrow, flattened, occasionally septate capillitium threads and the grayish-olive, light olive or light to moderate yellowish-brown gleba. The most remarkable character of these new species is the rugose spores. Podaxis africana De Villiers, Eicker & van der Westhuizen en P. rugospora De Villiers, Eicker & van der Westhuizen, twee nuwe spesies van Transvaal word beskryf en ge·illustreer. 'n Nuwe seksie, Umbricorticalis De Villiers, Eicker & van der Westhuizen in die genus Podaxis word voorgestel om P. africana te akkommodeer. Morfologies toon P. africana 'n ooreenkoms met P. microporus McKnight maar word deur die groot bolvormige, subbolvormige tot bykans eiervormige spore, die afwesigheid van 'n 'naaldprik'-porie­ struktuur, die swart gleba en die diep oranje tot sterk bruin binneste korteks van die stipe.
    [Show full text]
  • Agaricales, Basidiomycota) Occurring in Punjab, India
    Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology 5 (3): 213–247(2015) ISSN 2229-2225 www.creamjournal.org Article CREAM Copyright © 2015 Online Edition Doi 10.5943/cream/5/3/6 Ecology, Distribution Perspective, Economic Utility and Conservation of Coprophilous Agarics (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) Occurring in Punjab, India Amandeep K1*, Atri NS2 and Munruchi K2 1Desh Bhagat College of Education, Bardwal–Dhuri–148024, Punjab, India. 2Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala–147002, Punjab, India. Amandeep K, Atri NS, Munruchi K 2015 – Ecology, Distribution Perspective, Economic Utility and Conservation of Coprophilous Agarics (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) Occurring in Punjab, India. Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology 5(3), 213–247, Doi 10.5943/cream/5/3/6 Abstract This paper includes the results of eco-taxonomic studies of coprophilous mushrooms in Punjab, India. The information is based on the survey to dung localities of the state during the various years from 2007-2011. A total number of 172 collections have been observed, growing as saprobes on dung of various domesticated and wild herbivorous animals in pastures, open areas, zoological parks, and on dung heaps along roadsides or along village ponds, etc. High coprophilous mushrooms’ diversity has been established and a number of rare and sensitive species recorded with the present study. The observed collections belong to 95 species spread over 20 genera and 07 families of the order Agaricales. The present paper discusses the distribution of these mushrooms in Punjab among different seasons, regions, habitats, and growing habits along with their economic utility, habitat management and conservation. This is the first attempt in which various dung localities of the state has been explored systematically to ascertain the diversity, seasonal availability, distribution and ecology of coprophilous mushrooms.
    [Show full text]
  • Coprinus Comatus, a Newly Domesticated Wild Nutriceutical
    Journal of Agricultural Technology 2009 Vol.5(2): 299-316 Journal of AgriculturalAvailable online Technology http://www.ijat-rmutto.com 2009, Vol.5(2): 299-316 ISSN 1686 -9141 Coprinus comatus , a newly domesticated wild nutriceutical mushroom in the Philippines Renato G. Reyes 1*, Lani Lou Mar A. Lopez 1, Kei Kumakura 2, Sofronio P. Kalaw 1, Tadahiro Kikukawa 3 and Fumio Eguchi 3 1Center for Tropical Mushroom Research and Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines 2Mush-Tech Co., Ltd., Japan 3Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Gunma, Japan Reyes, R.G., Lopez, L.L.M.A., Kumakura, K., Kalaw, S.P., Kikukawa, T. and Eguchi, F. (2009). Coprinus comatus , a newly domesticated wild nutriceutical mushroom in the Philippines . Journal of Agricultural Technology 5(2): 299-316. The mycelial growth performance on indigenous culture media and the optimum physical conditions (pH, aeration and illumination) of C. comatus as a prelude to its domestication were investigated in this study. In our desire to develop technology for its aseptic cultivation for our immediate plan of using this mushroom for nutriceutical purposes, we have tried growing this mushroom under sterile condition. As such, the amino acid profile and toxicity of C. comatus were also elucidated. Results of our investigation revealed that C. comatus grown in sealed plates of coconut water gelatin (pH 6.5) produced very dense mycelial growth, 6 days after incubation in the dark. Early initiation of fruiting bodies was observed in bottles containing previously sterilized sawdust (8 parts): rice grit (2 parts) formulation.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity, Nutritional Composition and Medicinal Potential of Indian Mushrooms: a Review
    Vol. 13(4), pp. 523-545, 22 January, 2014 DOI: 10.5897/AJB2013.13446 ISSN 1684-5315 ©2014 Academic Journals African Journal of Biotechnology http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB Review Diversity, nutritional composition and medicinal potential of Indian mushrooms: A review Hrudayanath Thatoi* and Sameer Kumar Singdevsachan Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India. Accepted 2 January, 2014 Mushrooms are the higher fungi which have long been used for food and medicinal purposes. They have rich nutritional value with high protein content (up to 44.93%), vitamins, minerals, fibers, trace elements and low calories and lack cholesterol. There are 14,000 known species of mushrooms of which 2,000 are safe for human consumption and about 650 of these possess medicinal properties. Among the total known mushrooms, approximately 850 species are recorded from India. Many of them have been used in food and folk medicine for thousands of years. Mushrooms are also sources of bioactive substances including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anticancer, antitumour, anti-HIV and antidiabetic activities. Nutriceuticals and medicinal mushrooms have been used in human health development in India as food, medicine, minerals among others. The present review aims to update the current status of mushrooms diversity in India with their nutritional and medicinal potential as well as ethnomedicinal uses for different future prospects in pharmaceutical application. Key words: Mushroom diversity, nutritional value, therapeutic potential, bioactive compound. INTRODUCTION Mushroom is a general term used mainly for the fruiting unexamined mushrooms will be only 5%, implies that body of macrofungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) there are 7,000 yet undiscovered species, which if and represents only a short reproductive stage in their life discovered will be provided with the possible benefit to cycle (Das, 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • Fungi of North East Victoria Online
    Agarics Agarics Agarics Agarics Fungi of North East Victoria An Identication and Conservation Guide North East Victoria encompasses an area of almost 20,000 km2, bounded by the Murray River to the north and east, the Great Dividing Range to the south and Fungi the Warby Ranges to the west. From box ironbark woodlands and heathy dry forests, open plains and wetlands, alpine herb elds, montane grasslands and of North East Victoria tall ash forests, to your local park or backyard, fungi are found throughout the region. Every fungus species contributes to the functioning, health and An Identification and Conservation Guide resilience of these ecosystems. Identifying Fungi This guide represents 96 species from hundreds, possibly thousands that grow in the diverse habitats of North East Victoria. It includes some of the more conspicuous and distinctive species that can be recognised in the eld, using features visible to the Agaricus xanthodermus* Armillaria luteobubalina* Coprinellus disseminatus Cortinarius austroalbidus Cortinarius sublargus Galerina patagonica gp* Hypholoma fasciculare Lepista nuda* Mycena albidofusca Mycena nargan* Protostropharia semiglobata Russula clelandii gp. yellow stainer Australian honey fungus fairy bonnet Australian white webcap funeral bell sulphur tuft blewit* white-crowned mycena Nargan’s bonnet dung roundhead naked eye or with a x10 magnier. LAMELLAE M LAMELLAE M ■ LAMELLAE S ■ LAMELLAE S, P ■ LAMELLAE S ■ LAMELLAE M ■ ■ LAMELLAE S ■ LAMELLAE S ■ LAMELLAE S ■ LAMELLAE S ■ LAMELLAE S ■ LAMELLAE S ■ When identifying a fungus, try and nd specimens of the same species at dierent growth stages, so you can observe the developmental changes that can occur. Also note the variation in colour and shape that can result from exposure to varying weather conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Postharvest Biochemical Characteristics and Ultrastructure of Coprinus Comatus
    Postharvest biochemical characteristics and ultrastructure of Coprinus comatus Yi Peng1,2, Tongling Li2, Huaming Jiang3, Yunfu Gu1, Qiang Chen1, Cairong Yang2,4, Wei liang Qi2, Song-qing Liu2,4 and Xiaoping Zhang1 1 College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural Uniersity, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 2 College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 3 Sichuan Vocational and Technical College, Suining, Sichuan, China 4 Institute of Microbiology, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China ABSTRACT Background. Coprinus comatus is a novel cultivated edible fungus, hailed as a new preeminent breed of mushroom. However, C. comatus is difficult to keep fresh at room temperature after harvest due to high respiration, browning, self-dissolve and lack of physical protection. Methods. In order to extend the shelf life of C. comatus and reduce its loss in storage, changes in quality, biochemical content, cell wall metabolism and ultrastructure of C. comatus (C.c77) under 4 ◦C and 90% RH storage regimes were investigated in this study. Results. The results showed that: (1) After 10 days of storage, mushrooms appeared acutely browning, cap opening and flowing black juice, rendering the mushrooms commercially unacceptable. (2) The activity of SOD, CAT, POD gradually increased, peaked at the day 10, up to 31.62 U g−1 FW, 16.51 U g−1 FW, 0.33 U g−1 FW, respectively. High SOD, CAT, POD activity could be beneficial in protecting cells from ROS-induced injuries, alleviating lipid peroxidation and stabilizing membrane integrity. (3) The activities of chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase were significantly increased. Higher degrees of cell wall degradation observed during storage might be due to those enzymes' high activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article
    Marwa H. E. Elnaiem et al / Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 8 (Suppl 3), 2017 Research Article www.ijrap.net MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF WILD MUSHROOMS IN KHARTOUM NORTH, SUDAN Marwa H. E. Elnaiem 1, Ahmed A. Mahdi 1,3, Ghazi H. Badawi 2 and Idress H. Attitalla 3* 1Department of Botany & Agric. Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Sudan 2Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Sudan 3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Beida, Libya Received on: 26/03/17 Accepted on: 20/05/17 *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.7897/2277-4343.083197 ABSTRACT In a study of the diversity of wild mushrooms in Sudan, fifty-six samples were collected from various locations in Sharq Elneel and Shambat areas of Khartoum North. Based on ten morphological characteristics, the samples were assigned to fifteen groups, each representing a distinct species. Eleven groups were identified to species level, while the remaining four could not, and it is suggested that they are Agaricales sensu Lato. The most predominant species was Chlorophylum molybdites (15 samples). The identified species belonged to three orders: Agaricales, Phallales and Polyporales. Agaricales was represented by four families (Psathyrellaceae, Lepiotaceae, Podaxaceae and Amanitaceae), but Phallales and Polyporales were represented by only one family each (Phallaceae and Hymenochaetaceae, respectively), each of which included a single species. The genetic diversity of the samples was studied by the RAPD-PCR technique, using six random 10-nucleotide primers. Three of the primers (OPL3, OPL8 and OPQ1) worked on fifty-two of the fifty-six samples and gave a total of 140 bands.
    [Show full text]
  • The Good, the Bad and the Tasty: the Many Roles of Mushrooms
    available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 85: 125–157. The good, the bad and the tasty: The many roles of mushrooms K.M.J. de Mattos-Shipley1,2, K.L. Ford1, F. Alberti1,3, A.M. Banks1,4, A.M. Bailey1, and G.D. Foster1* 1School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK; 2School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK; 3School of Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK; 4School of Biology, Devonshire Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK *Correspondence: G.D. Foster, [email protected] Abstract: Fungi are often inconspicuous in nature and this means it is all too easy to overlook their importance. Often referred to as the “Forgotten Kingdom”, fungi are key components of life on this planet. The phylum Basidiomycota, considered to contain the most complex and evolutionarily advanced members of this Kingdom, includes some of the most iconic fungal species such as the gilled mushrooms, puffballs and bracket fungi. Basidiomycetes inhabit a wide range of ecological niches, carrying out vital ecosystem roles, particularly in carbon cycling and as symbiotic partners with a range of other organisms. Specifically in the context of human use, the basidiomycetes are a highly valuable food source and are increasingly medicinally important. In this review, seven main categories, or ‘roles’, for basidiomycetes have been suggested by the authors: as model species, edible species, toxic species, medicinal basidiomycetes, symbionts, decomposers and pathogens, and two species have been chosen as representatives of each category.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Genus and Four New Species in the /Psathyrella S.L. Clade from China
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal MycoKeys 80: 115–131 (2021) doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.80.65123 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://mycokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A new genus and four new species in the /Psathyrella s.l. clade from China Tolgor Bau1, Jun-Qing Yan2 1 Key Laboratory of Edible Fungal Resources and Utilization (North), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Af- fairs, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China 2 Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China Corresponding authors: Tolgor Bau ([email protected]); Jun-Qing Yan ([email protected]) Academic editor: Alfredo Vizzini | Received 27 February 2021 | Accepted 15 May 2021 | Published 26 May 2021 Citation: Bau T, Yan J-Q (2021) A new genus and four new species in the /Psathyrella s.l. clade from China. MycoKeys 80: 115–131. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.80.65123 Abstract Based on traditional morphological and phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU, tef-1α and β-tub) of psathyrel- loid specimens collected from China, four new species are here described: Heteropsathyrella macrocystidia, Psathyrella amygdalinospora, P. piluliformoides, and P. truncatisporoides. H. macrocystidia forms a distinct lineage and groups together with Cystoagaricus, Kauffmania, and Typhrasa in the /Psathyrella s.l. clade, based on the Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses. Thus, the monospecific genusHeteropsathyrella gen. nov. is introduced for the single species. Detailed descriptions, colour photos, and illustrations are presented in this paper. Keywords Agaricales, Basidiomycete, four new taxa, Psathyrellaceae, taxonomy Introduction Psathyrella (Fr.) Quél. is characterized by usually fragile basidiomata, a hygrophanous pileus, brown to black-brown spore prints, always present cheilocystidia and basidi- ospores fading to greyish in concentrated sulphuric acid (H2SO4) (Kits van Waveren 1985; Örstadius et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Podaxis Pistillaris Reported from Madhya Pradesh, India Patel U
    Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences ISSN: 2231-6345 (Online) An Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jls.htm 2012 Vol. 2 (1) January- March, pp.233 -239 /Patel et al. Research Article PODAXIS PISTILLARIS REPORTED FROM MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA PATEL U. S.1 and *TIWARI A. K.2 Department of Botany, Government Shyam Sunder Agrawal College, Sihora, District Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India *2 Jabalpur Institute of Nursing Science & Research, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India *Author for Correspondence ABSTRACT A basidiomycete collected from Sihora, District Jabalpur is described and illustrated. The fruiting bodies and spores showed variations however, match with the description of Podaxis pistillaris. This is first report of the fungus from Madhya Pradesh, India. Key Words: Comatus, Agaricaceae, Lycoperdaceae, Food, Medicinal INTRODUCTION Sihora road railway station is situated in Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh about 17 kilometers south west from Karaundi the center point of India. Its geographical co-ordinates are 230 29’ North and 800 70’ East. Some cylindrical fruiting bodies were incidentally seen on disturbed soil of filling of a pond beside the road going towards Khitola bus stand from railway station. The fungus was initially identified as Coprinus comatus (O. F. Mull.) Pers. Later it was identified as Podaxis pistillaris (L. Pers.) Morse.This fungus is commonly known as False Shaggy Mane due to its resemblance with C. comatus. This species has previously been described and synonymised by few workers (Massee, 1890; Morse, 1933, 1941; Keirle et al., 2004; Drechsler- Santosh , 2008). Podaxis pistillaris earlier has been reported from various parts of India (Bilgrami et al., 1979,81,1991; Jamaluddin et al., 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Coprinopsis Rugosomagnispora: a Distinct New Coprinoid Species from Poland (Central Europe)
    Plant Syst Evol DOI 10.1007/s00606-017-1418-7 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Coprinopsis rugosomagnispora: a distinct new coprinoid species from Poland (Central Europe) 1 2 3,4 5 Błazej_ Gierczyk • Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus • Marcin Pietras • Mirosław Gryc • 6 7 Waldemar Czerniawski • Marcin Pia˛tek Received: 3 November 2016 / Accepted: 31 March 2017 Ó The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract A new coprinoid fungus, Coprinopsis rugoso- evolutionary trees recovered C. rugosomagnispora within a magnispora, is described from Poland (Central Europe). Its lineage containing species having morphological charac- macromorphological characters are similar to species ters of the subsection Lanatuli (though within the so-called belonging to the subsection Nivei of Coprinus s.l. How- Atramentarii clade) that contradicts its morphological ever, C. rugosomagnispora has unique micromorphologi- similarity to members of the subsection Nivei. cal characters: very large, ornamented spores, voluminous basidia and cystidia, and smooth veil elements. The large Keywords Agaricales Á Coprinopsis Á Coprinoid fungi Á spores and pattern of spore ornamentation (densely pitted) Molecular phylogeny Á Spore ornamentation Á Taxonomy make this species unique within all coprinoid species described so far. The structure (arrangement and shape) of veil elements in C. rugosomagnispora is intermediate Introduction between members of the subsections Nivei and Lanatuli of Coprinus s.l. Molecular phylogenetic analyses, based on The coprinoid fungi are a highly diverse and polyphyletic single-locus (ITS) maximum likelihood and Bayesian group of the order Agaricales, which species show a unique set of characters: presence of dark spores, deliquescent basidiocarps that often undergo autolysis, and pseudopa- Handling editor: Miroslav Kolarˇ´ık.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Character Evolution of the Coprinoid Mushroom Genus <I>Parasola</I> As Inferred from LSU and ITS Nrdna
    Persoonia 22, 2009: 28–37 www.persoonia.org RESEARCH ARTICLE doi:10.3767/003158509X422434 Phylogeny and character evolution of the coprinoid mushroom genus Parasola as inferred from LSU and ITS nrDNA sequence data L.G. Nagy1, S. Kocsubé1, T. Papp1, C. Vágvölgyi1 Key words Abstract Phylogenetic relationships, species concepts and morphological evolution of the coprinoid mushroom genus Parasola were studied. A combined dataset of nuclear ribosomal ITS and LSU sequences was used to infer Agaricales phylogenetic relationships of Parasola species and several outgroup taxa. Clades recovered in the phylogenetic Coprinus section Glabri analyses corresponded well to morphologically discernable species, although in the case of P. leiocephala, P. lila- deliquescence tincta and P. plicatilis amended concepts proved necessary. Parasola galericuliformis and P. hemerobia are shown gap coding to be synonymous with P. leiocephala and P. plicatilis, respectively. By mapping morphological characters on the morphological traits phylogeny, it is shown that the emergence of deliquescent Parasola taxa was accompanied by the development Psathyrella of pleurocystidia, brachybasidia and a plicate pileus. Spore shape and the position of the germ pore on the spores species concept showed definite evolutionary trends within the group: from ellipsoid the former becomes more voluminous and heart- shaped, the latter evolves from central to eccentric in taxa referred to as ‘crown’ Parasola species. The results are discussed and compared to other Coprinus s.l. and Psathyrella taxa. Homoplasy and phylogenetic significance of various morphological characters, as well as indels in ITS and LSU sequences, are also evaluated. Article info Received: 12 September 2008; Accepted: 8 January 2009; Published: 16 February 2009.
    [Show full text]