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Raport Anual Starea Mediului in Judetul Iasi Pentru Anul 2006

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Raport Anual Starea Mediului in Judetul Iasi Pentru Anul 2006 Ministerul Mediului şi Gospod ăririi Apelor Agen ţia pentru Protec ţia Mediului Ia şi Str. Th. Văsc ăuţeanu nr. 10 bis telefon: 215.497 (secretariat); fax – 214.357; e-mail: [email protected] RAPORT PRIVIND STAREA MEDIULUI ÎN JUDE ŢUL IA I PENTRU ANUL 2006 1 CUPRINS INTRODUCERE CAPITOLUL 1. CADRUL NATURAL 1.1. Caracteristicile fizico-geografice ale jude ţului Ia şi ................................................12 1.2. Resurse naturale ..................................................................................................14 1.2.1. Resurse naturale neregenerabile ...........................................................14 1.2.2. Resurse naturale regenerabile ...............................................................14 1.3. Elemente privind dezvoltarea economic ă actual ă a jude ţului Ia şi ........................15 CAPITOLUL 2. AERUL 2.1. Introducere ...........................................................................................................18 2.2. Acidifierea. Emisii de dioxid de sulf, oxizi de azot şi de amoniac (SO 2, NO x, NH 3) ...................................................................................................18 2.2.1 Emisii anuale de dioxid de sulf (SO 2) ......................................................18 2.2.2. Emisii anuale de monoxid şi dioxid de azot (NO x) ..................................18 2.2.3. Emisii anuale de amoniac (NH 3) .............................................................18 2.2.4. Emisiile de poluan ţi acidifian ţi ................................................................19 2.3. Emisiile de compu şi organici volatili nemetanici ..................................................19 2.4. Pulberi in suspensie (PM 10 şi PM 2,5 ) ...................................................................19 2.5. Poluarea cu metale grele (mercur, plumb şi cadmiu) şi poluan ţi organici persisten ţi (POPs) .......................................................................................................20 2.5.1. Emisii de metale grele (mercur, cadmiu, plumb) ........................................20 2.5.2. Emisii de poluan ţi organici persisten ţi (POPs) .......................................20 2.5.3. Emisiile totale de poluan ţi atmosferici ....................................................20 2.6. Calitatea aerului ambiental ...................................................................................21 2.6.1. Concentra ţii ale dioxidului de sulf ........................................................24 2.6.2. Concentra ţii ale dioxidului de azot ..............................................................25 2.6.3. Concentra ţii ale amoniacului .......................................................................27 2.6.4. Producerea ozonului troposferic (poluarea fotochimic ă) ............................27 2.6.5. Calitatea aerului ambiental – metale grele .............................................29 2.6.6. Poluarea aerului ambiental cu pulberi în suspensie PM10 ....................30 2.6.7. Concentra ţii ale monoxidului de carbon şi benzen .................................31 2.7. Deprecierea stratului de ozon stratosferic ............................................................32 2.7.1. Inventarul anual al consumurilor de substan ţe care depreciaz ă stratul de ozon, pe sectoare de activitate …………………………..32 2.8. Schimb ări climatice ..............................................................................................32 2.8.1. Emisii totale anuale de gaze cu efect de seră ........................................32 2.8.2. Emisii anuale de dioxid de carbon ..........................................................34 2.8.3. Emisii anuale de metan ..........................................................................34 2.8.4. Emisii anuale de protoxid de azot ..........................................................34 2 2.8.5. Emisii de gaze cu efect de ser ă în sectorul energetic ............................34 2.9. Zone critice sub aspectul polu ării atmosferice .....................................................34 2.10. Concluzii ............................................................................................................38 CAPITOLUL 3. APA 3.1. Resursele de ap ă .................................................................................................39 3.1.1. Resursele de ap ă teoretice şi tehnic utilizabile ......................................39 3.1.2. Prelev ări de ap ă .....................................................................................40 3.1.3. Mecanismul economic în domeniul apelor .............................................40 3.2. Ape de suprafa ţă ..................................................................................................41 3.2.1. Starea râurilor interioare în jude ţul Ia şi ..................................................41 3.2.2. Starea lacurilor .......................................................................................46 3.3. Ape subterane ......................................................................................................48 3.5. Apele uzate ..........................................................................................................50 3.5.1. Surse majore şi grad de epurare ............................................................50 3.6. Zone critice sub aspectul polu ării apelor de suprafa ţă şi a celor subterane .................................................................................................56 3.7. Zone sensibile ......................................................................................................57 3.8. Zone protejate ......................................................................................................57 3.8.1. Zone de protec ţie pentru capt ările de ap ă destinate potabiliz ării ...........57 3.8.2. Zone destinate pentru protec ţia habitatului sau speciilor unde apa este un factor important ....................................................................59 3.9. Concluzii ...............................................................................................................60 CAPITOLUL 4. SOLUL 4.1. Fondul funciar ......................................................................................................62 4.1.1. Reparti ţia solurilor României pe categorii de folosin ţe ………………....62 4.1.2. Tipuri de culturi ………………………………………………………………63 4.1.3. Îngr ăşă minte …………………………………………………………………63 4.2. Presiuni asupra st ării de calitate a solurilor .........................................................64 4.2.1. Îngr ăşă minte ..........................................................................................64 4.2.2. Produse pentru protec ţia plantelor .........................................................64 4.2.3. Soluri afectate de reziduuri zootehnice ..................................................64 4.2.4. Situa ţia amenaj ărilor agricole – iriga ţii ....................................................65 4.2.5. Poluarea solurilor în urma activit ăţ ii din sectorul industrial (minier, siderurgic, energetic etc.) ....................................................................65 4.2.6. Poluarea solurilor cu emisii de la termocentralele pe c ărbune ...............68 4.3. Calitatea solurilor .................................................................................................68 4.3.1. Reparti ţia solurilor pe clase de calitate ..................................................68 4.3.2. Principalele restric ţii ale calit ăţ ii solurilor ................................................68 4.4. Monitorizarea calit ăţ ii solurilor ..............................................................................69 4.5. Zone critice sub aspectul degrad ării solurilor .....................................................69 4.5.1. Inventarul alunec ărilor de teren ..............................................................70 4.5.2. Inventarul siturilor contaminate ..............................................................73 3 4.6. Ac ţiuni întreprinse pentru reconstruc ţia ecologic ă a terenurilor degradate şi pentru ameliorarea st ării de calitate a solurilor ...............................76 4.7. Concluzii …………………………………………………………………….………..…76 CAPITOLUL 5. BIODIVERSITATEA, BIOSECURITATE, STAREA P ĂDURILOR 5.1. Biodiversitatea ......................................................................................................78 5.1.1. Habitatele naturale. Flora şi fauna s ălbatic ă din România .....................78 5.1.1.1. Habitatele naturale .................... ................................................78 5.1.1.2. Flora şi fauna s ălbatic ă .............................................................79 5.1.2. Specii din flora şi fauna s ălbatic ă valorificate economic, inclusiv ca resurse genetice ..................................................................83 5.1.3. Starea ariilor naturale protejate ..............................................................87 5.1.4. Rezerva ţiile Biosferei ..............................................................................90 5.1.5. Situri Ramsar ..........................................................................................90 5.1.6. Natura 2000 ............................................................................................90 5.1.7. Presiuni antropice exercitate asupra biodiversit ăţ ii .................................91 5.2. Biosecuritatea .......................................................................................................91
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