& Politics

Volume XXIV Number 4 December 1991 OVERRJPe.

Reprinted by Permission: Tribune Media Services

If* Divided Government and the Politics of Constitutional Reform Mark P. Petracca, David R. Mayhew, Gary C. Jacobson, David Menefee-Libey, Morris P. Fiorina, John Leonard, and James A. Thurber

George Quester, , Ted Robert Gurr, and Kenneth Waltz on America as a Model for the World? Norton E. Long's 1991 John Gaus Lecture; and John J. Dilulio, Jr., on James Q. Wilson and Civic Virtue Unparalleled access The points to Congress Congress

Editor in-Chief [Joel Silbey, Cornell University] provided of the the depth of knowledge and lifetime of research necessary to put together the most comprehensive publication project ever undertaken on the Congress. United 4 States Advisory Editors [Allan G. Bogue, University of Wisconsin; Joseph Cooper, Rice University; Roger H. 1789-1989 Davidson, University of Maryland; Kermit L. Hall, University of Florida] with the cumulative experience of "Students of American government and hundreds of years of studying Congress guided the project. scholars will welcome this encyclopedic source as the best collection available on Congress." 10 Nelson W. Polsby, Director Institute of Governmental Studies Titles published in twenty-three volumes. Each includes University of California, Berkeley a comprehensive index and reproduces the Guide to the entire series. "... a magnificent addition to the historical account of the Congress. All students of government and our political process will be 324 enriched and enlightened by this ambitious new project." Authors, our foremost experts on Congress-both its history and its present operations. The list is a who's who of political scientists and historians who write on the Senator Paul Simon institution. For a free descriptive brochure and a free copy of the comprehensive Guide to the Series please call on our toll- 3,316 free line or drop us a note. Subject entries in the Guide to the Series. This index 1-800-336-7460 provides access to each of the 356 articles in the project at the article level. The Guide is published at the back of Carlson Publishing, Inc.; P.O. Box 023350; each of the ten titles and is available FREE OF CHARGE Brooklyn, New York; 11202-0067 as a separate offprint. 31,432 CARLSON Index entries in the separate indexes to the ten volumes. Prepared by Scholars Editorial Services of Madison, Wisconsin these indexes make this publication the most Publishing Inc comprehensive Encyclopedia of Congress ever published. PS: Political Science & Politics PS: POLITICAL SCIENCE & POLITICS incorporating DECEMBER 1991 • VOLUME XXIV • NUMBER 4 The Political Science Teacher Vol. XXIV, No. 4, December 1991 Editor Robert J-P. Hauck Editor, The Teacher Table of Contents Sheilah Mann Assistant Editor Patricia Spellman Letters 631 Editorial Assistants Jean Walen Kristine Vawter Divided Government and the Politics of Editorial Board, PS: Eliot Cohen (Johns Hopkins, Constitutional Reform 634 SAIS); Margaret Galey (Somerset, PA); Doris Graber (University of Illinois at Chicago); Stephen Divided Government and the Risks of Constitutional Reform Newman (York University); Peter Zwick, Mark P. Petracca 634 California State University, San Marcos), chair. Divided Party Control: Does It Make a Difference? Editorial Board, The Teacher. Aaron Friedberg David R. Mayhew 637 (Princeton University); Melanie Jackson (Virginia Explaining Divided Government: Why Can't the Republicans Commonwealth University); Eleanor Main (Emory University); Betty Phillips (Northern Virginia Win the House? Community College); Donald Racheter (Iowa Gary C. Jacobson 640 Wesleyan College). Divided Government as Scapegoat PS Deadlines David Menefee-Libey 643 Divided Government in the States Issue Submission Deadline March November 25 Morris P. Fiorina 646 June February 25 Divided Government and Dysfunctional Politics September May 25 John Leonard 651 December August 25 Representation, Accountability, and Efficiency in Divided Address correspondence to Editor, PS, 1527 New Party Control of Government Hampshire Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20036. James A. Thurber 653

PS: Political Science & Politics (ISSN 1049-0965) is published in March, June, September, and In Focus: The 1991 Annual Meeting 658 December of each year by the American Political Science Association, 1527 New Hampshire America as a Model for the World? Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20036, (202) America as a Model for the World? 483-2512, and sent to all members. Second-class postage paid at Washington, DC, and at addi- George H. Quester 658 tional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send Liberal Democracy as a Global Phenomenon address changes to PS: Political Science & Francis Fukuyama 659 Politics, c/o American Political Science Associa- tion, 1527 New Hampshire Avenue, NW, Wash- America as a Model for the World? A Skeptical View ington, DC 20036. Copyright • 1991 by The Ted Robert Gurr 664 American Political Science Association. America as Model for the World? A Foreign Policy Perspective APSA membership dues are: Regular Members Kenneth N. Waltz 667 with income under: $30,000, $55; $40,000, $75; $50,000, $85; $60,000, $90; and over $60,000, $95. The 1991 John Gaus Lecture Student Members, $25; Retired Members, $20 if Politics, Political Science and the Public Interest income under $25,000 and $40 if income is $25,000 and over; Life Members, $2,000; Institu- Norton E. Long 670 tional Members, $130. The amount of the dues allocated for a subscription to PS is $4 for individ- Features 676 ual members, $26 for institutional members. $104 of the institutional member fee is allocated for Doing "Tuesday Lunch" at Lyndon Johnson's White House: APSR. Changes of address should be sent to the New Archival Evidence on Vietnam Decisionmaking Membership Secretary of the Association. David M. Barrett 676 The U.S. Supreme Court and the Enforcement of African American Individual Copies: Single copies of the September, December and March issues of PS may be pur- Rights: Myth and Reality chased for $10.00. Opoku Agyeman 679 Single copies of the June issue containing the Pre- R. R. Wright, Congress, President Truman and the First National liminary Annual Meeting Program are available Public African American Holiday: National Freedom Day for $15.00. Hanes Walton Jr., Roosevelt Green Jr., Willie E. Johnson, Microfilm Editions: Microfilm editions of PS are Kenneth E. Jordan, Leslie Burl McLemore, C. Vernon Gray and available from: University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Marion Orr 685 MI 48106. Advertising: PS has a circulation of 15,000. For information on advertising rates and mechanical The Teacher 689 requirements contact: Advertising Director, For the Classroom American Political Science Association, (202) 483-2512. Using the Microcomputer in the Classroom Composition: Boca Type, Boca Raton, FL 33498. Anne Permaloff and Carl Grafton 689 Print and Distribution: Byrd Press, Richmond, Winning Is Not the Only Thing "On the Campaign Trail": VA 23261. An Evaluation of a Microcomputer Campaign Simulation Nadine S. Koch 694

December 1991 625 Making Class Participation a Reality Mel Cohen 699 In-Class Debating in Public Law Classes as a Complement to the Socratic Method Frank Guliuzza III 703 The Original Washington Roger Karz 705 Teaching Public Administration Through Field Research: California Agency Reconnaissance Project ToddR. La Porte and David Hadwiger 707 Teaching the Political Ideas of the Bible H. Mark Roelofs 712 Outcomes Assessment: One Department's Experience with Portfolios and Outside Evaluators Joan Hulse Thompson 715 A Report on the Advanced Placement Program in Political Science Frank L. Wilson 718

The Profession 720 and the Policy Studies Organization Ethan Fishman 720 Hypertext and Hypermedia Carl Grafton and Anne Permaloff 724 Murray Edelman in Appalachia Michael Lipsky 730 Military Intelligence Alumni Donate to Michigan's Japanese Studies Program George O. Totten III 731 NSF Task Force Recommends Separate Directorate 732

People in Political Science 734 Activities and Appointments 734 Awards 739 In Memoriam 747

Association News 748 James Q. Wilson and Civic Virtue John J. Dilulio, Jr 748 A Letter to Members from the Executive Director Catherine Rudder 755 Looking for Something or Some One at the APSA? 756 Washington Annual Meeting Sets Record 757 Short Courses Offered at Annual Meeting 758 Association Distributes Annual Awards 758 APSA Organized Sections Distribute Awards at Annual Meeting 759 Committee on the Status of Blacks Honors Adams and Puryear 761 Herring Honored for Print Collection 762 New APSA Officers Elected 762 Travel Grants for Foreign Scholars Attending Annual Meeting 762 Participation by Women in the 1991 Annual Meeting Martin Gruberg 763 Section News 764 Nominating Committee Welcomes Suggestions 765 The Impact of the American Political Science Review Samuel C. Patterson, John M. Bruce, and Martha Ellis Crone 765 Report of the Treasurer David Brady '. 774 Forty-six Congressional Fellows Begin Program 776 Grants Awarded by the Bill of Rights Education Collaborative 778 1992 Annual Meeting Call for Papers 781

Regional and State Association News 792 Midwest Survey on the Status of Women Faculty and Graduate Students: Final Report Ardith L. Maney 792

626 PS: Political Science & Politics International Political Science 797 Pateman Elected President of IPSA 797 Central and Eastern Europe Civic Education Project Jonathan Stein 798

Organizations Related to the Study of Political Science 799

Update on Organized Sections 809

Announcements 815

Research and Training Support 822 Upcoming Conferences and Calls for Papers 832

Doctoral Dissertations in Political Science, 1991 837

Gazette 854 APSA Awards Presented at 1991 Annual Meeting 854 Publications List 861 Index of Quarterly Features 864

Cover: The MacNelly cartoon on this issue's cover was selected by the alumni of APSA's Congressional Fellowship Program as the best political cartoon in 1991.

December 1991 627 ' - ''.1 American Political Science Association

Officers Council

PRESIDENT SECRETARY 1990-92 1991-93 James Q. Wilson Leon N. Lindberg University of California, University of Wisconsin Thomas E. Cronin Susan C. Bourque Los Angeles The Colorado College Smith College TREASURER PRESIDENT-ELECT James A. Caporaso Rodolfo O. de la Garza Germaine A. Hoston Lucius J. Barker University of Washington University of Texas, Austin Johns Hopkins University, Stanford University Baltimore EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Jean Bethke Elshtain VICE PRESIDENTS Catherine E. Rudder Vanderbilt University Richard W. Mansbach M. Margaret Conway Iowa State University University of Florida PROGRAM CHAIR Joanne Gowa Thomas E. Mann Princeton University Gwendolyn Mink The Brookings Institution Merrill College Northwestern University Virginia H. Gray MANAGING EDITOR, University of Minnesota Ronald Rogowski WUson Carey McWilliams APSR University of California, Rutgers University G. Bingham Powell Nolan E. Jones Los Angeles University of Rochester National Governors' Association Nancy A. Rosenblum Brown University Ruth S. Jones Arizona State University Martin Shefter Cornell University Ian S. Lustick University of Pennsylvania Hanes Walton, Jr. Savannah State College

Former Presidents

Frank J. Goodnow Jesse S. Reeves Karl W. Deutsch John A. Fairlie James K. Pollock Robert E. Larie Frederick N. Judson Benjamin F. Shambaugh Peter H. Odegard Heinz Eulau James Bryce Edward S. Corwin Luther Gulick Robert E. Ward A. Lawrence Lowell William F. Willoughby Pendleton Herring Avery Leiserson Isidor Loeb Ralph J. Bunche Austin Ranney Simeon E. Baldwin Walter J. Shepard Charles McKinley James MacGregor Burns Francis W. Coker Harold D. Lasswell Samuel H. Beer W. W. Willoughby Arthur N. Holcombe E. E. Schattschneider John C. Wahlke Thomas Reed Powell V. O. Key, Jr. Leon D. Epstein Clarence A. Dykstra R. Taylor Cole Warren E. Miller Charles Grove Haines Carl B. Swisher Charles E. Lindblom Muriroe Smith Robert C. Brooks Emmette S. Redford Frederic A. Ogg Charles S. Hyneman William H. Riker Paul S. Reinsch William Anderson Carl J. Friedrich Philip E. Converse Leo S. Rowe Robert E. Cushman C. Herman Pritchett Richard F. Fenno, Jr. William A. Dunning Leonard S. White David B. Truman Aaron B. Wildavsky Harry A. Garfield John Gaus Gabriel A. Almond Samuel P. Huntington James' W. Garner Walter F. Dodd Robert A. Dahl Kenneth N. Waltz Charles E. Merriam Arthur W. Macmahon Lucian W. Pye Charles A. Beard Henry R. Spencer Judith N. Shklar William Bennett Munro Theodore J. Lowi

628 PS: Political Science & Politics Statement of Ownership, Management and Circulation

Required by Act of October 23, 1962: Section 4369, Title 39, United States Code

1. Date of Filing: September 20, 1991.

2. Title of Publication: PS: Political Science & Politics.

3. Frequency of Issue: Quarterly in March, June, September, December.

4. Location of Known Office of Publication: 1527 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20036. 5. Location of the Headquarters or General Business Office of the Publishers: 1527 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20036.

6. Names and Addresses of Publisher and Managing Editor: Publisher: American Political Science Association, 1527 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20036. Editor: Robert J-P. Hauck, same address as above.

7. Owner: American Political Science Association, 1527 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20036.

8. Known Bondholders, Mortgagees, etc.: None.

9. The purpose, function and nonprofit status of this organization and the exempt status for federal income tax purposes has not changed during the preceding 12 months.

10. Extent and Nature of Circulation:

Average No. Actual No. Copies Each Issue Copies Single Issue During Preceding 12 Months Nearest to Filing Date A. Total Number Copies Printed 16,318 16,640 B. Paid Circulation 1. Sales 0 0 2. Mail Subscriptions 13,489 14,323 C. Total Paid Circulation 13,489 14,323 D. Free Distribution by Mail, Carrier or Other Means 58 77 E. Total Distribution (C + D) 13,547 14,400 F. Office Use, Left-Over, Unaccounted, Spoiled after Printing 2,771 2,240 G. Total 16,318 16,640

December 1991 629 MANUSCRIPT CHECKLIST PS: POLITICAL SCIENCE & POLITICS

If you are thinking of submitting an article to PS, the following guidelines will help you prepare your manuscript. PJl is edited to conform to its mandate to be readable, to appeal to a broad political science audience, and to include articles of contemporary political analysis. PS_is intended to be intellectually engaging as well as useful to members of the profession.

TYPING SPECIFICATIONS TABLES AND FIGURES [ ] Is your name and affiliation on the title page? [ ] Are tables titled and explanations given for any abbreviations? [ ] Is your manuscript double-spaced and typed on one side of 8 1/2" x 11" pages? (Please send [ ] Are figures clear enough for reproduction by a three copies of the manuscript.) printer? [ ] Have you followed page number limitations, if any, imposed by the editor? GENDER-NEUTRAL PRONOUNS

ORGANIZATION [ ] Have you followed PS policy to avoid the use of [ ] What is the topic sentence or idea of your article? gender-specific pronouns when referring to (The organization of the article—beginning, middle, members of the profession orto society at large? and end—should flow from this.)

[ ] Have you written a lively, strong leading IN ADDITION.... paragraph that will capture reader interest? [ ] Have you included a biographical sketch of two or three sentences? (If your article is accepted, [ ] Do the level of headings accurately reflect the we would appreciate a black and white photo organization of the paper? too.) Are headings of the same level typed in the same format? [ ] Have you indicated for which section of PS your article is intended? NOTES, CITATIONS, AND REFERENCES [ ] Have you consulted the APSA Style Manual for [ ] Do you have pictures or other artwork that might Political Science and followed its recommen- visually enhance your article? dations for in-text citations instead of footnotes? [ ] Have you sent the final version of your [ ] Dothein-textcitationscontainonlythelastname manuscript? (Substantive revisions are not of the author(s), year of publication, and, if possible at the time you review your page proofs.) necessary, page or chapter numbers?

[ J Are the references in alphabetical order and do PS DEADLINES they provide complete source information forthe in-text citations? (Include no reference that is Issue Submission Deadline not actually cited.) March November 25 [ ] Have you used notes sparingly to present June February 25 explanatory material and typed them double- September May 25 spaced at the end of the article? December August 25

630 PS: Political Science & Politics