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Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9227272 Preservation of intelligibility and acoustical characteristics in partial laryngectomees and normal laryngeal speakers produced under conditions of competing noise Gerdeman, Bernice Smith, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1992 Copyright ©1992 by Gerdeman, Bernice Smith. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. ZeebRd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 PRESERVATION OF INTELLIGIBILITY AND ACOUSTICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN PARTIAL LARYNGECTOMEES AND NORMAL LARYNGEAL SPEAKERS PRODUCED UNDER CONDITIONS OF COMPETING NOISE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Bernice Smith Gerdeman, B.S., M.A. afc s|c >|e * * The Ohio State University 1992 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Michael D. Trudeau, Ph.D. * . * «.____ a Robert Allen Fox, Ph.D. Dennis K. Pearl, Ph.D. Adviser Division of Speech and Hearing Science Copyright by Bernice Smith Gerdeman 1992 To My Family and Friends For their love and continued support. To My Patients Who have had trust and faith in me and who have been valuable teachers. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are a number of individuals to whom I would like to extend my deepest appreciation for without their expertise this project would not have be possible. I would like to thank my adviser, Michael D. Trudeau, Ph.D. for his support and direction throughout this dissertation. To my committee members, Dennis K Pearl, Ph.D. for his direction and guidance on statistical design, and Robert A. Fox, Ph.D. for his support and constructive advice. A special thanks to Reiner Wilhelms, Ph.D. for his support, encouragement and direction with programing and helping analyze my acoustical data. I would like to thank James A. Mechenbier, M.D., David E. Schuller, M.D., and David R. Kelly, M.D. for their help in identifying the hemilaryngectomy and supraglottic laryngectomy speakers in this study. My gratitude extends to Claude Lambert, M.A. for his source of technical information, assistance and encouragement. Eric LaPresto, M.S., helped with management of my large data sets and with training in using the Sun computer system. My appreciation extends to the OSU Statistical Consuting Service where Rob Leighty, Ph.D. and Mr. Yuangen Zhu provided the help needed to complete the statistical analysis of this investigation. I am very grateful to have worked with William J. Collins, Ph.D. during the last few years of this investigation as his graduate administrative associate. I have gained valuable knowledge from his administrative skills and his overall positive nature. His support and encouragement has been dearly appreciated. I would like to acknowledge Osamu Fujimura, D.Sc. for his support and encouragement throughout this investigation. His expertise was invalueable in helping me with the instrumentation and signal processing software. A heartfelt thanks is extended to Howard Wingert who was there when I needed someone to listen, to provide emotional support, and to help me maintain a positive focus. VITA August 25, 1950 ................ Bom - Lima, Ohio 1972 ..................................... B.S., The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 1972 - 1982 ........................ Speech - Language Pathologist Columbus Public Schools, Columbus, Ohio 1982 - 1983 ...................... Account Representative, Lanier Business Products, Inc,Columbus, Ohio Summer 1985 ..................... Doctoral Trainee, Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 1985 ..................................... M.A., Speech - Language Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1988 - 1991 .......................... Speech - Language Pathologist, Grant Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 1991 - 1992 ............................. Voice Pathologist, Institute for Voice Analysis, and Rehabilitation, Dayton, Ohio PUBLICATIONS Neils, J. , Brennan, M.M., Cole, M., Boiler, F., & Gerdeman, B. (1988). The use of phonemic cueing with Alzheimer’s disease patients. Neuropsvcholoeia. 16, 351-354. FIELD OF STUDY Major Field: Speech and Hearing Science v TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ...............................................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................. iii VITA ..................................................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES...................................................................................................ix CH A PTER 1............................................................................................................. 1 I. IN TRO D U CTIO N ........................................................................................2 A Statement of the Problem .................................................................. 3 Questions to be Investigated ............................................................................ 6 Glossary of Terms............................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER II................................................................................................................... 9 E. REVIEW OF LITERATURE.......................................................................... 9 H istory................................................................................................................ 9 Anatomic Regions of Larynx ............................................................................10 Conservation Laryngeal Surgery ............................................................ 10 Partial Horizontal Laryngectomy ............................................................12 Vertical Partial Laryngectomy..........................................................................12 Perceptial Characteristics of Partial Laryngectomy...................................... 13 Acoustical Characteristics of Partial Laryngectomy.............................. 16 S u m m ary ...........................................................................................................20 CHAPTER IE ..................................................................................................................22 III. METHODS.........................................................................................................22 Speaking Subjects.............................................................................................. 23 Materials............................................................................................................. 24 Selection of Verbal Stimuli .................................................................24 Generating The Noise Tape ....................................................... 25 Procedures .......................................................................................................... 25 Calibration Procedures ........................................................................25 Recording Instrumentation .......................................................... 26 Recording the Speakers .......................................................................27 Playback of N oise................................................................................27 v i Listening Task ............................................................................................. 28 Listeners ................................................................................................28 Generating The Listening Tapes ........................................................ 28 Presentation of the Speaker Tapes to Listeners ...........................34 Procedure for the Listeners .................................................................35 Scoring of the Listener's Responses .................................................36 Reliability of Measurements ............................................................... 37 Reliability of Reference Tone and Noise Generated
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