A Newsletter from Waverly Farm Spring 2014 Waverly Farm Is a 200 Acre Field Production Nursery

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A Newsletter from Waverly Farm Spring 2014 Waverly Farm Is a 200 Acre Field Production Nursery In the Field A Newsletter from Waverly Farm SPring 2014 Waverly Farm is a 200 acre field production nursery. We grow over 400 differ- Magnolia: The ent plants with a focus on large landscape size material of above average quality. Rose of Trees An interview with Our single mission is to deliver quality plant Andrew Bunting: I first met Andrew a year and a half ago during a summer internship at The Scott material in an atmosphere of exceptional Arboretum of Swarthmore College. I was thrilled to work there, not only to work in such service, trust, and friendship. We take great a beautiful garden, but also because the people there are some of the most knowledgeable people I’ve worked with. Andrew himself seemed to know all the plants under the sun. pride in customer relationships, going all out to On top of being curator at The Scott Arboretum, he is also the President of the Magnolia Society International and creator of Fine Garden Creations. Here, I’ve picked his brain for develop a mutually beneficial partnership with all sorts of interesting information on one of our favorite flowering trees: the magnolias. our customers; it’s not work- it’s what makes Can you give me a little background on the Magnolia Society International? How large is it? this such a rewarding endeavor. Few truely There are about 600 members in 40 different countries. About half the membership is avid enjoy working with people more than we do. homeowners, and then the others are largely botanical garden people or scientists. There are a few dozen scientists in China and Japan, as well as a few in Costa Rica, Columbia, and Cuba working on physiology, taxonomic, and DNA studies. The Waverly Farm growing system is a point of Growing Regions... and surviving the cold great pride. Ten years ago we belonged to the Which magnolias are best suited for the northeast United States? ‘sea of sameness’ for field growing strategies. A Many of the deciduous magnolias can grow in northern climates. Magnolia stellata and Magnolia long standing goal has been to leave the farm x loebneri can probably do well, as would Magnolia denudata in some of the northern areas. In addition to those, the Little Girl Hybrids developed by the National Arboretum would do well. A better than we found it. What has evolved is lot of the yellow magnolias would be fine, such as ‘Elizabeth’ and ‘Lois’. As far as native magnolias go however, Cucumber Tree Magnolia would probably do best. As you come farther south into a growing system that builds and replaces soil Coastal Boston, you might see some Magnolia grandiflora and Magnolia virginiana. There you start seeing the evergreen ones, though they don’t really do well until you start getting into the sold with our plants while dramatically en- Philadelphia climate area. hancing the transplant-ability and survivability of our plants. Contact Info: Waverly Farm Magnolia ‘Lois’ (one of seven Little Girl hybrids) -picture credit: Magnolia Society International 1931 Greenfield Road Adamstown, Maryland 21710 Are all evergreen magnolias considered ‘Southern Magnolias’? (301) 874-8300 Office No, most of the magnolias in the world are evergreen. They are found dotted through the (301) 874-8302 Fax Caribbean, Mexico, Central America, North America, and South America. There are none in Africa or Europe. Then they show up again in great numbers in China, where there’s over 100 species. Mark Nowicki- Sales They are also found in Thailand and then as far south as Papua New Guinea. [email protected] Almost all our natives are deciduous except for Magnolia virginiana and the southern magnolia, Magnolia grandiflora. M. virginiana var. australis is a light evergreen in its native habitat Jessica Ahrweiler - Sales & Marketing from South Carolina, south. And then M. grandiflora is native throughout Georgia, Alabama, and [email protected] the Florida panhandle. But you’ll see it growing as far north as parts of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, and maybe into Boston. It is a major landscape plant throughout the southeast United Lisa DeRamus - Sales States, though you’ll see it again as a street tree in Texas and in California. [email protected] Especially after this long winter we appreciate cold hardiness! Do you find a For information: correlation between either shrub or single-trunk tree magnolias doing better in [email protected] cold weather? No. Magnolia stellata, and even Magnolia x loebneri will grow in cold areas. But then there are shrubby ones in tropical areas also. Although in the tropics, most magnolias are pretty large trees, 2 (Continues on page 3) even larger than they are for us here. they bloom so late that they’re almost blooming as the leaves come out and might get shrouded by the foliage. They are also often large because M. So would you say species that are natural to an area handle the acuminata is a huge tree to begin with, but also because they have hybrid cold better? vigor. Some of our biggest yellow magnolias are 50 feet tall: they get into Yes. You would have to look up where they come from in their sizeable trees, quickly. native regions. For instance, Magnolia stellata, which comes from mountainous regions of Japan, would work in northern climates. As far as hybridizing goes, are there any other interesting Magnolias found in higher elevation in northern latitudes of China characteristics that magnolias are being bred for? and Japan are going to be hardy in parts of the United States. But if Right now the evergreen ones we generally grow are either Magnolia it’s higher altitude South America, those aren’t going to be hardy for virginiana or Magnolia grandiflora. However, there are several Asian us. It all has to do with how they are genetically programed. species that have interesting evergreen foliage different thanM . grandiflora, like Magnolia lotungensis, Flower Color You know, for shrubs people covet the rose. It’s the favorite Magnolia yuyuanensis, and Magnolia insignis. I believe shrub. With trees, Magnolias are probably as recognized as the you’ll start to see other Do most magnolias evergreen magnolias that don’t have white flowers? rose. necessarily look like a southern Yes. All seven native North magnolia; they might look more like a cherry laurel, kind of pyramidal in American magnolias are white, as are most Chinese and Asian species. shape. Other than Magnolia acuminata, which has a yellowish flower, white is a Another trend involves the indumentum on the leaves. If you look on predominant color. the bottom side of the Magnolia grandiflora leaf, it has brown indumentum. There is a Chinese species called Magnolia Are there more yellows than purples and pinks? foveolata that has golden indumentum, so they could be crossed No, because there are so many Magnolia x soulangeana, M. with Magnolia grandiflora to create M. grandiflora varieties with stellata, and M. x loebneri. And now yellows are also being gold on the undersides of the leaves. Some magnolias have hybridized with some pink magnolias. I would say white indumentum on the top of the leaf, so in the future there could be dominates, and then there are a lot of pinkish, purplish Magnolia sieboldii ‘Colossus’- Photo Credit: hybrids with leaves that appear to be fuzzy all over. cultivars. And then the yellows. There is not a true red, but I Magnolia Society One plant that they’re working with is Magnolia sieboldii (left), International think there will be in the future. which is from China and has a fragrant, somewhat pendant white flower. If you look in the center, it has an interesting boss Breeding for new traits of purple stamens, but it is really hard to see the flower because it faces downwards. They’re hybridizing M. sieboldii with Magnolia macrophylla, Flower color seems to be an endless topic for breeding. Has Magnolia grandiflora, and Magnolia virginiana, so future hybrids might there been much breeding for flower color? have those types of flowers, but sit atop the foliage rather than hang Yes, one of the best breeding examples is the yellow magnolias. In the 60’s downward. there were some hybridizers at Brooklyn Botanic Garden looking at the They are also taking Magnolia insignis, a southern little yellow flowers of Magnolia acuminata. They thought if they hybridize evergreen Chinese species with pink and near-red flowers, and hybridizing M. acuminata with another magnolia through multiple generations, we it with Magnolia grandiflora; so M. grandiflora hybrids ten years from now could in theory bring out could have bright pink and that yellow. They picked “It was like the Holy Grail of magnolias to produce a yellow bright red flowers. M. denudata as the other They are also trying parent. If you look at its magnolia.” to breed for larger flowers. flowers they can be a little Magnolia macrophylla, M. creamy by nature, so they figured the cream and the yellow together could macrophylla subs. ashei, and M. tripetala are our native magnolias that have create a yellow flower. large, fragrant flowers. They cross magnolia species with huge flowers with Lola Koerting started this magnolia hybridizing program at the other magnolia species to manipulate their stamens, color, fragrance, or Brooklyn Botanic Garden in the 60’s. The first cross that was released was form. ‘Elizabeth’ in the 70’s, which became the most coveted magnolia. ‘Elizabeth’ The interesting thing about magnolias is, although there are (right) has a real soft, sulfur yellow flower. That many different species, many tend to hybridize was always the goal; it was like the Holy Grail of together.
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