A Review of Current Knowledge on Staphylococcus Agnetis in Poultry
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THE JOURNAL OF FAMILY ONLINE EXCLUSIVE PRACTICE Paul K. Carlton, Jr, MD, Brown recluse spider bite? FACS The Texas A&M University Consider this uniquely Health Science Center College Station, Tex conservative treatment [email protected] An antihistamine and observation work as well— and often better—than more intensive therapies. Practice recommendations oped it in 4 phases, which I describe in • Be concerned about brown recluse this article. Not only does this conser- envenomation when a patient vative approach consistently heal con- reports intensifying localized firmed brown recluse bite wounds, but pain disproportionate to physical should a bite be mistakenly attributed findings after a “bite” (C). to the brown recluse (or one of its rela- tives in the Loxosceles genus of spider), • Prescribe an oral antihistamine there is no harm to the patient, nor any alone to control symptoms, even big expense. with a necrotic wound, and mark the IN THIS ARTICLE patient’s progress over 24 hours (C). z Spider bite z Is a brown recluse • If the patient improves dramatically, to blame? or MRSA? continue the antihistamine; with little Due to limited experience among the Page E6 or no improvement, consider giving an wider medical community in identifying antibiotic with the antihistamine (C). spider envenomation,1-4 bite recognition and selection of appropriate therapy can Strength of recommendation (SOR) be difficult. A Good-quality patient-oriented evidence Early findings can be confusing. B Inconsistent or limited-quality patient-oriented evidence C Consensus, usual practice, opinion, disease-oriented Brown recluse bites typically feel like a evidence, case series pin prick. -
February 19, 2015 FREEDOM of INFORMATION SUMMARY MIF 900-009 F10 Brand ANTISEPTIC BARRIER OINTMENT
Date of Index Listing: February 19, 2015 FREEDOM OF INFORMATION SUMMARY ORIGINAL REQUEST FOR ADDITION TO THE INDEX OF LEGALLY MARKETED UNAPPROVED NEW ANIMAL DRUGS FOR MINOR SPECIES MIF 900-009 F10 brand ANTISEPTIC BARRIER OINTMENT (benzalkonium chloride and polyhexanide topical ointment) Raptors, Pet Birds, Captive Small Mammals, Captive Reptiles, and Captive Exotic/Zoo Mammals “For the treatment of mild and localized cases of bumblefoot (pododermatitis) in caged raptors and pet birds.” “For use as a topical antiseptic for more severe cases of bumblefoot to assist healing after surgery in caged raptors and pet birds.” “For use as a topical antiseptic for surface wounds on raptors, pet birds, captive small mammals, captive reptiles, and captive exotic/zoo mammals.” Requested by: Health and Hygiene (Pty) Ltd Freedom of Information Summary MIF 900-009 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. GENERAL INFORMATION: ........................................................................... 1 II. EFFECTIVENESS AND TARGET ANIMAL SAFETY: ............................................. 2 A. Findings of the Qualified Expert Panel: ..................................................... 2 B. Literature Considered by the Qualified Expert Panel: .................................. 4 III. USER SAFETY: .......................................................................................... 8 IV. AGENCY CONCLUSIONS: ............................................................................ 9 A. Determination of Eligibility for Indexing: ................................................. -
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SIDEROPHORE-MEDIATED IRON METABOLISM IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS by Marek John Kobylarz B.Sc., The University of Victoria, 2010 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (Microbiology and Immunology) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) February 2016 © Marek John Kobylarz, 2016 Abstract Staphylococcus aureus requires iron as a nutrient and uses uptake systems to extract iron from the human host. S. aureus produces the iron-chelating siderophore staphyloferrin B (SB) to scavenge for available iron under conditions of low iron stress. Upon iron-siderophore re-entry into the cell, iron is separated from the siderophore complex to initiate assimilation into metabolism. To gain insight into how SB biosynthesis is integrated into S. aureus central metabolism, the three SB precursor biosynthetic proteins, SbnA, SbnB, and SbnG, were biochemically characterized. SbnG is a citrate synthase analogous to the citrate synthase enzyme present in the TCA cycle. The crystal structure of SbnG was solved and superpositions with TCA cycle citrate synthases support a model for convergent evolution in the active site architecture and a conserved catalytic mechanism. Since L-Dap is an essential precursor for SB, the biosynthetic pathway for L-Dap was elucidated. A combination of X-ray crystallography, biochemical assays and biophysical techniques were used to delineate the reaction mechanisms for SbnA and SbnB, demonstrating that SbnA performs a -replacement reaction using O-phospho-L-serine (OPS) and L-glutamate to produce N-(1-amino-1-carboxy-2-ethyl)-glutamic acid (ACEGA). Oxidative hydrolysis of ACEGA catalyzed by SbnB produces -ketoglutarate and L-Dap. -
What Is Staphylococcus Aureus (Staph)?
What is Staphylococcus aureus (staph)? Staphylococcus aureus, often referred to simply as "staph," are bacteria commonly carried on the skin or in the nose of healthy people. Approximately 25% to 30% of the population is colonized (when bacteria are present, but not causing an infection) in the nose with staph bacteria. Sometimes, staph can cause an infection. Staph bacteria are one of the most common causes of skin infections in the United States. Most of these skin infections are minor (such as pimples and boils) and can be treated without antibiotics (also known as antimicrobials or antibacterials). However, staph bacteria also can cause serious infections (such as surgical wound infections, bloodstream infections, and pneumonia). What is MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)? Some staph bacteria are resistant to antibiotics. MRSA is a type of staph that is resistant to antibiotics called beta-lactams. Beta-lactam antibiotics include methicillin and other more common antibiotics such as oxacillin, penicillin and amoxicillin. While 25% to 30% of the population is colonized with staph, approximately 1% is colonized with MRSA. Who gets staph or MRSA infections? Staph infections, including MRSA, occur most frequently among persons in hospitals and healthcare facilities (such as nursing homes and dialysis centers) who have weakened immune systems. These healthcare-associated staph infections include surgical wound infections, urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, and pneumonia. Are people who are positive for the human immune deficiency virus (HIV) at increased risk for MRSA? Should they be taking special precautions? People with weakened immune systems, which include some patients with HIV infection, may be at risk for more severe illness if they get infected with MRSA. -
Occurrence and Quantification of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes In
BRIEF RESEARCH REPORT published: 22 March 2021 doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.651781 Occurrence and Quantification of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Two Wild Seabird Species With Contrasting Behaviors Edited by: Alain Hartmann, Ana Carolina Ewbank 1*†, Fernando Esperón 2†, Carlos Sacristán 1, Irene Sacristán 3, Institut National de Recherche pour 2 4 4 4 l’agriculture, l’alimentation et Elena Neves , Samira Costa-Silva , Marzia Antonelli , Janaina Rocha Lorenço , 4 1 l’environnement (INRAE), France Cristiane K. M. Kolesnikovas and José Luiz Catão-Dias Reviewed by: 1 Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Hazem Ramadan, Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 2 Group of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Animal Health Mansoura University, Egypt Research Centre (INIA-CISA), Madrid, Spain, 3 Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile, Getahun E. Agga, 4 Associação R3 Animal, Florianópolis, Brazil United States Department of Agriculture, United States Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) are environmental pollutants and anthropization *Correspondence: Ana Carolina Ewbank indicators. We evaluated human interference in the marine ecosystem through the [email protected] ocurrence and quantification (real-time PCRs) of 21 plasmid-mediated ARGs in †These authors have contributed enema samples of 25 wild seabirds, upon admission into rehabilitation: kelp gull equally to this work and share first (Larus dominicanus, n = 14) and Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus, authorship n = 11). Overall, higher resistance values were observed in kelp gulls (non-migratory Specialty section: coastal synanthropic) in comparison with Magellanic penguins (migratory pelagic This article was submitted to non-synanthropic). -
Staphylococcus Aureus (Staph Infection)
Staphylococcus aureus (Staph Infection) This sheet talks about exposure to Staphylococcus aureus and Staph infections in a pregnancy and while breastfeeding. This information should not take the place of medical care and advice from your healthcare provider. What is Staphylococcus aureus / a Staph infection? Staphylococcus aureus (Staph) are a type of bacteria (germ). Staph bacteria are commonly found on the skin or in the nose. Most of the time, people will not have problems with these bacteria. However, if Staph gets inside the body through a cut or sore, this could lead to a Staph infection. Staph infection can cause boils or blisters on the skin; or infections in the lungs (pneumonia), bloodstream (sepsis), or in a wound. People with a higher chance of getting a Staph infection include sick people in hospitals, people recovering from surgeries or other medical procedures, people living in over-crowded conditions (shelters or prisons), children in daycare, intravenous (IV) drug users, people with weakened immune systems, people with chronic health conditions (like diabetes or cancer), athletes, and military personnel. Eating food that has been contaminated with Staph bacteria can also cause food poisoning. Symptoms can be severe vomiting and diarrhea with stomach pain that will start within a few hours after exposure. This type of infection with Staph bacteria usually is not serious and generally does not last for more than a day. I am pregnant. If my partner, other family member, or friend has a confirmed Staph skin infection, what can I do to reduce my chances of getting the infection? Do not touch the person’s sores, cuts, or bandages. -
Insight Into the Genome of Staphylococcus Xylosus, a Ubiquitous Species Well Adapted to Meat Products Sabine Leroy, Aurore Vermassen, Geoffrey Ras, Régine Talon
Insight into the genome of staphylococcus xylosus, a ubiquitous species well adapted to meat products Sabine Leroy, Aurore Vermassen, Geoffrey Ras, Régine Talon To cite this version: Sabine Leroy, Aurore Vermassen, Geoffrey Ras, Régine Talon. Insight into the genome of staphylo- coccus xylosus, a ubiquitous species well adapted to meat products. Microorganisms, MDPI, 2017, 5 (3), 10.3390/microorganisms5030052. hal-01607624 HAL Id: hal-01607624 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01607624 Submitted on 25 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike| 4.0 International License microorganisms Review Insight into the Genome of Staphylococcus xylosus, a Ubiquitous Species Well Adapted to Meat Products Sabine Leroy, Aurore Vermassen, Geoffrey Ras and Régine Talon * Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; [email protected] (S.L.); [email protected] (A.V.); [email protected] (G.R.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-473-624-170 Received: 29 June 2017; Accepted: 25 August 2017; Published: 29 August 2017 Abstract: Staphylococcus xylosus belongs to the vast group of coagulase-negative staphylococci. It is frequently isolated from meat products, either fermented or salted and dried, and is commonly used as starter cultures in sausage manufacturing. -
Activation of the Bile Acid Pathway and No Observed Antimicrobial Peptide Sequences in the Skin of a Poison Frog
INVESTIGATION Activation of the Bile Acid Pathway and No Observed Antimicrobial Peptide Sequences in the Skin of a Poison Frog Megan L. Civitello,* Robert Denton,* Michael A. Zasloff,† and John H. Malone*,1 *Institute of Systems Genomics, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269 and †Georgetown University School of Medicine, MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Washington D.C. 20057 ORCID IDs: 0000-0002-8629-1376 (R.D.); 0000-0003-1369-3769 (J.H.M.) ABSTRACT The skin secretions of many frogs have genetically-encoded, endogenous antimicrobial KEYWORDS peptides (AMPs). Other species, especially aposematic poison frogs, secrete exogenously derived alkaloids Anti-microbial that serve as potent defense molecules. The origins of these defense systems are not clear, but a novel bile- peptides acid derived metabolite, tauromantellic acid, was recently discovered and shown to be endogenous in defensive poison frogs (Mantella, Dendrobates, and Epipedobates). These observations raise questions about the secretions evolutionary history of AMP genetic elements, the mechanism and function of tauromatellic acid produc- phylogenetic tion, and links between these systems. To understand the diversity and expression of AMPs among frogs, history we assembled skin transcriptomes of 13 species across the anuran phylogeny. Our analyses revealed a bile acid pathway diversity of AMPs and AMP expression levels across the phylogenetic history of frogs, but no observations of AMPs in Mantella. We examined genes expressed in the bile-acid metabolic pathway and found that CYP7A1 (Cytochrome P450), BAAT (bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase), and AMACR (alpha- methylacyl-CoA racemase) were highly expressed in the skin of M. -
Detection of Staphylococcus Aureus and Other Coagulase Positive Staphylococci in Bovine Raw Milk in Khartoum State by Ikhtyar Ah
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by KhartoumSpace Detection of Staphylococcus aureus and other Coagulase Positive Staphylococci in Bovine Raw Milk in Khartoum State By Ikhtyar Ahmed Hassan Ali B.C.Sc (2003) Supervisor Prof. Mohammed Taha Shigiddi Department of Microbiology Faculty of Veterinary medicine A dissertation submitted to University of Khartoum in partial fulfillment for the requirement of the Degree of Master of Science in Microbiology Department of Microbiology Faculty of veterinary Medicine University of Khartoum 2010 Dedication to my father, mother, brothers and sisters with love I Table of Contents Subject Page Dedication………………………………………………………. I Table of Contents………………………………………………. II List of Figures…………………………………………………… VII List of Table…………………………………………………….. VIII Acknowledgments………………………………………………. IX Abstract…………………………………………………………. X Abstract (Arabic)……………………………………………… XI Introduction…………………………………………………… 1 Chapter One: Literature Review…………………………….. 3 1.1. Health Hazards of Raw Milk…………………………………… 4 1.2. Pathogenic bacteria in milk........................................................ 5 1.3. Microbial quality of raw milk.................................................... 6 1.4. Staphylococci........................................................................... 7 1.4.1. Coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS)……………………… 8 1.4.2. Coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS)……………………… 10 1.5. Staphylococcus aureus………………………………………… 10 1.5.1. Virulence characteristics of S. -
Greasy Pig Disease
Greasy Pig Disease Greasy Pig Disease is caused by a bacterium called Staphylococcus hyicus. Clinical signs are mostly seen with piglets which are up to 2 weeks old, but it can affect pigs up to 6 weeks of age and older. The bacterium is transmitted from pig to pig and is contagious (can spread easily). In pre-weaned pigs, a few piglets or a litter may be affected, in contrast to post-weaned animals when litters are mixed and a greater number of pigs can show clinical signs. Staphylococcus hyicus is found on the skin and does not usually cause clinical disease. The reservoir of infection for piglets is the sow’s skin and the bacterium is transmitted to the piglet following direct skin contact with her during the farrowing period. For clinical signs to develop, entry into the pig has to be gained, and this occurs through skin wounds or abrasions where the skin defence barrier is weakened. These can be caused by fighting, the environment, or even parasite damage such as that caused by Mange mites. Further spread of the bacterium between piglets occurs when they are in an environment that is warm and has high humidity. Clinical Signs After gaining entry through the skin, the bacterium infects the local area, which then becomes painful and reddened. The skin becomes thickened and oozes, progressing to a covering of greasy brown scabs that can extend over the whole body. These lesions are not itchy, but they do Picture from pictureASAS gallery leave the piglet’s skin susceptible to Greasy brown scabs commonly seen with other potential secondary infections. -
Staphylococcus Aureus and Other Staphylococci by an Endolysin A.C
Killing and lysis of Staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococci by an endolysin A.C. Fluit1, S. van Marm1, F. Eichenseher2, M.J. Loessner2, F. Pietersma3, and C.H.E. Boel1 1Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 3Micreos BV, Wageningen, The Netherlands Introduction Results Table 1. Lysis results for the tested strains after The use of endolysins for the treatment of ■ All Staphylococcus aureus strains could be lysed by the endolysin (Table 1). 30 min and 60 µg/mL endolysin. skin infections or decontamination may A concentration of 30 µg/mL was still considered to be effective (example in species remarks result circumvent antibiotic resistance. Micreos has Fig. 1). lysis (%) Staphylococcus aureus Hospital-associated MRSA 50 developed an endolysin as a potential ■ Staphylococcus pseudointermedius, and Staphylococcus hyicus also showed Community-associated antibacterial compound. Staphefekt.SA100 a good lysis, whereas lysis of Staphylococcus capitis and Staphyloccus homonis Staphylococcus aureus MRSA 60 Livestock-associated is a chimeric lysin featuring endopeptidase was less. Lysis of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus Staphylococcus aureus MRSA 70 and putative amidase activities. The aim of haemolyticus was hardly observed and was absent for Staphylococcus Staphylococcus aureus methicillin susceptible 50 Staphylococcus aureus methicillin susceptible 50 this study was to determine the species lugdunensis. Staphylococcus epidermidis methicillin resistant 0 Staphylococcus epidermidis methicillin susceptible 10 specificity of Staphefekt.SA100, the ■ For the other species tested lysis could not be detected (Table 1). Staphylococcus haemolyticus 10 killing efficiency and effective concentration ■ For all S. aureus isolates excellent killing (>100x) was observed within 6 h Staphylococcus hominis 20 Staphylococcus pseudointermedius 40 against several staphylococcal species. -
Antimicrobial Activities of Saponin-Rich Guar Meal Extract
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF SAPONIN-RICH GUAR MEAL EXTRACT A Dissertation by SHERIF MOHAMED HASSAN Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2008 Major Subject: Poultry Science ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF SAPONIN-RICH GUAR MEAL EXTRACT A Dissertation by SHERIF MOHAMED HASSAN Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Chair of Committee, Aubrey L. Cartwright Committee Members, Christopher A. Bailey James A. Byrd Michael E. Hume Head of Department, John B. Carey May 2008 Major Subject: Poultry Science iii ABSTRACT Antimicrobial Activities of Saponin-Rich Guar Meal Extract. (May 2008) Sherif Mohamed Hassan, B.S.; M.S., Suez Canal University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Aubrey Lee Cartwright Three saponin-rich extracts (20, 60, 100% methanol), four 100% methanol sub- fractions and seven independently acquired fractions (A-G) from guar meal, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. (syn. C. psoraloides), were evaluated for antimicrobial and hemolytic activities. These activities were compared against quillaja bark (Quillaja saponaria), yucca (Yucca schidigera), and soybean (Glycine max) saponins in 96-well plates using eight concentrations (0.01 to 1.0 and 0.1 to 12.5 mg extract/mL). Initial guar meal butanol extract was 4.8 ± 0.6% of the weight of original material dry matter (DM). Butanol extract was purified by preparative reverse-phase C-18 chromatography. Two fractions eluted with 20, and one each with 60, and 100% methanol with average yields of 1.72 ± 0.47, 0.88 ± 0.16, 0.91 ± 0.16 and 1.55 ± 0.15% of DM, respectively.