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Home , Jackie Robinson, Little League Baseball, Los Angeles Dodgers, Rachel Robinson, The First (musical)

JACKIE ROBINSON | A Resource for Families & School Groups “A life is not important Barrier breaker. Freedom rider. Globe changer. except in the impact it You know the name, and his game. HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE But did you know that Jackie Robinson believed that “the right was a civil rights icon? Did you of every American to first-class citizenship know that he stood up against racism is the most important issue of our time.” He has on other lives.” lived his life—as an athlete, activist, patriot, and injustice of all kinds, that he entrepreneur, and family man—according worked to create social and economic to that firm belief. 100 years after Robinson’s birth, social injustice and —JACKIE ROBINSON opportunities for African Americans, inequality remain urgent issues. Highlighting and that he believed that all citizens major events in his life and the values by which he lived, along with those of his wife, should actively participate in our who shared and continued his work after American democracy? his death, this guide is meant to encourage open dialogue about historic and current events by using Robinson’s life and On , 1947, Jackie Robinson broke through legacy as a starting point. a major barrier in American society when he became the first African American to play for a It is hoped that students, teachers, and major league team, the Dodgers. parents will explore this guide together, Since baseball was one of the most popular forms and use the questions at the end to discuss of entertainment in 1947, all of society watched what social justice, equal opportunity, and as Robinson’s heroism paved the way for other responsible citizenship mean, and should people of color to achieve new heights. mean, to you. Throughout his life, even before his baseball career, We hope you will visit the Jackie Robinson Jackie Robinson stood up for social justice and Museum in and online, where fair treatment for all. He was married in 1946 and, you can experience exhibits, artifacts and though he and his beloved wife Rachel continued interactive activities. No matter your age, to face racism at every turn, his activism and the you will engage in a thrilling first-hand look example they set led to positive change that still into the life and lessons of Jackie Robinson, impacts and inspires us today. an American hero.

1 JACKIE ROBINSON | A RESOURCE FOR FAMILIES & SCHOOL GROUPS SPRING 1936 Star high school

athlete FEB 1, 1937 At John Muir Technical High School, Jackie Robinson earns Pasadena a place on the annual Pomona JAN 31, 1919 Tournament All-Star baseball Junior team; wins the Southland Class College Jackie A long-jump title with a 23’, 1” leap; and captures the junior Jackie Robinson Robinson boys’ singles championship in enrolls in Pasadena is born the annual Pacific Coast Negro Junior College, where Tournament. he continues to be a Jack Roosevelt star athlete. Robinson is born to Jerry and FEB 15, 1939 Mallie Robinson in Cairo, Georgia. Enrolling at UCLA While at UCLA, Jackie Robinson excels and letters in football, , track, and JUN 1, 1920 baseball, still the only JAN, 1938 athlete in UCLA’s Move to JUL 19, 1922 history to have lettered Reverend in four sports. He leaves Pasadena, Rachel Isum Karl Downs school in his senior year to get a job as Assistant is born Reverend Downs, an Athletic Director at After a journey activist preacher, moves Jackie’s future wife, the National Youth that began on to Pasadena where Administration, and May 21, 1920, Rachel, is born to he meets Robinson Charles and Zelle Isum helps his mother Mallie Robinson and mentors him support the family. and her five children, in , California. during adolescence, including one-year- becoming a key figure old Jackie, arrive in Robinson’s life. in Pasadena.

3 JACKIE ROBINSON | A RESOURCE FOR FAMILIES & SCHOOL GROUPS AUG 2, 1944 OCT 23, 1945 Jackie is The SEP 1, 1940 arrested, Royals Jackie , the president and later and general of the Robinson acquitted Brooklyn Dodgers baseball team, signs Jackie Robinson Arrested by military & Rachel to play with the Royals, the police at , Brooklyn Dodgers’ farm Isum meet Texas, for sitting in the team. Rickey learned about The two are introduced front of an Army bus Robinson’s ability from base- by Ray Bartlett on the next to a fair-skinned ball scouts and from Wendell UCLA campus, when black woman who was Smith, an African-American Jackie is a senior and thought to be white, sports reporter for the Rachel is a freshman. Jackie Robinson . defended himself against the court martial and was found not guilty of all charges. He was honorably discharged in 1944 A is a minor-league APR 3, 1942 after an ankle injury. team affiliated with a club. Many Jackie is drafted professional players begin their careers with a farm team into the Army SPRING 1945 before getting called up to the Drafted into the segregated JUN 1, 1945 affiliated major league team, FEB 10, 1946 Army, Jackie Joining the and major league players Robinson befriends prizefighter Rachel Isum often spend time training with . At , they Monarchs a minor league team after Jackie suffering an injury. work together to challenge the Jackie Robinson joins graduates Robinson Army to include African- the City Monarchs from UCLA American soldiers in O¢cer baseball team, a Negro and Rachel Candidate School (OCS), after Leagues team. Rachel Isum graduates which Robinson is accepted with honors from Isum marry into OCS and commissioned a UCLA with a Bachelor The two are married second lieutenant. The Negro Leagues was a professional of Science degree by Reverend Downs baseball league made up mostly of in Nursing. in Los Angeles. African-American athletes who were forbidden from playing on the segregated major league teams. 5 JACKIE ROBINSON | A RESOURCE FOR FAMILIES & SCHOOL GROUPS APR 15, 1947 NOV 1, 1948 Breaking the YMCA in color barrier After concluding their barnstorming tour, Jackie Robinson and Roy JUL 12, 1949 After signing a contract five Campanella report for duty as days earlier, Jackie Robinson coaches and counselors in the takes first base on Ebbets Boy’s Work Department of the All-Star Game Field to play for the Brooklyn Harlem YMCA in New York City. Jackie Robinson is the National Dodgers, becoming the first League’s starting African American in modern in the MLB All-Star game, the first baseball history to play for a At this time, many professional American to feature African-American players. major league baseball team. athletes held jobs during baseball’s off- Other African Americans who played season to support their families. Some players that year were his Dodgers teammates, earned money doing “barnstorming” tours— and teams of ballplayers traveling across the U.S., , and the American and sometimes Central America, playing League’s first African-American exhibition games. player, , who played for the .

OCT 4, 1946

SEP 26, 1947 Little World NOV 18, 1946 Series Jackie Jr. Rookie of the Year The win awards Jackie the Little is born Robinson the first-ever “Rookie of at the end of Jackie Jack Roosevelt the Year Award,” which is renamed Robinson’s debut year the “Jackie Robinson Rookie of the in . Robinson, Jr., Year Award” in 1987. the first child of Rachel and The Little World Series was the Jackie Robinson, By the end of his rookie year as a Brooklyn championship game played Dodger, Jackie Robinson had 12 home between the two best minor is born. runs, a .297 batting average, and led the league baseball teams. league in steals, with 29. He distinguished himself throughout his decade-long career, with an impressive .311 career batting average. 7 JACKIE ROBINSON | A RESOURCE FOR FAMILIES & SCHOOL GROUPS FEB 4, 1952 “Don’t let Broadcast career WNBC and WNBT announce him fool you. that they have signed Jackie Robinson as Director of What he came Community Activities, to deliver commentary on air and to supervise the development of up against, youth programs in collaboration with the Police Athletic League and what we (PAL), the Catholic Youth Organization (CYO), the Boy all came up Scouts, the YMCA, and the YMHA. against, was FALL 1949 very, very JUL 18, 1949 Named House Un-American National rough.” Activities Committee League – MVP testimony MAY 21, 1951 Jackie Robinson JAN 13, 1950 MAY 14, 1952 Jackie Robinson testifies before the U.S. is named the MLB Death threat House of Representatives’ Un-American ’s Arriving at a hotel in Cincinnati, Activities Committee on whether Most Valuable Sharon David Jackie Robinson finds two FBI African-American soldiers should Player. fight in the military against communist Robinson agents waiting for him because Robinson countries. Robinson publicly disagrees is born of a letter containing a death is born with , the renowned threat against him—just one of Sharon Annetta African-American concert artist, actor a vast of racist actions David, the youngest Robinson, the and star athlete, who is against fighting he faced on a daily basis. With child of Rachel and second child and the communists to defend the United the support of his teammates, Jackie Robinson, only daughter of States government and its policies, Robinson decides to play that is born. Rachel and Jackie which discriminate against people day anyway. Robinson, is born. of color.

9 JACKIE ROBINSON | A RESOURCE FOR FAMILIES & SCHOOL GROUPS JAN 14, 1957 1957

SEP 28, 1955 Career change Fundraising Jackie Robinson’s history-making The Brooklyn Dodgers for Dr. King “He’s safe!” achievements in baseball were only part Jackie Robinson to the New York Jackie Robinson steals of his extraordinary life and legacy. His Giants, but Robinson had already In addition to raising funds for home plate in game athleticism and performance as a major decided to retire from baseball the NAACP, Jackie Robinson one of the 1955 World league player became a platform that and publicly announces that he travels extensively in 1957 to “Jack and I finally Series, creating great allowed him to invite all of America into a will become Vice President of raise funds for Dr. Martin Luther Southern Christian team momentum. conversation that would impact almost every Personnel Relations for the King, Jr’s Leadership Conference (SCLC) felt connected to The Brooklyn Dodgers facet of our society. Throughout his years as Chock full o’Nuts corporation. a corporate executive, civil servant, and major win the series in While there, Robinson chairs the organization, which defends figure in national politics, he would continue seven games, earning NAACP’s Fight for Freedom Fund, equal rights for people of color. something larger to be an outspoken leader for civil and human which raises money to fight for the Dodgers their first rights issues. than [our] struggles World Championship. equal rights for people of color, and he convinces the company Formed in 1957 after the Montgomery to support those e©orts. Bus Boycott, SCLC’s mission was to in baseball, [and end all forms of segregation. Today, the organization remains focused on were] more intensely economic justice and civil rights for connected to the people of color. destiny of our race.” DEC 8, 1956 – RACHEL ROBINSON, ON THE LANDMARK The National Association for 1954 BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION SUPREME COURT DECISION the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) announces that Jackie Robinson will receive its highest honor, The 1954 landmark Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board OCT 1956 the Spingarn Medal, given of Education continues to positively impact all of society. The annually to an African justices ruled unanimously that “ of children Brooklyn Dodgers’ American whose achievements in public schools is unconstitutional.” The Brown decision was brought credit to the race. a pivotal moment in the . Goodwill Tour Jackie and Rachel Robinson visit The NAACP is a civil rights organization with the Brooklyn Dodgers founded in 1909 to advance equal rights for a twenty-game tour to support and justice for African Americans. United States diplomatic and It remains an active, important cultural relations after World War II. organization. 11 JACKIE ROBINSON | A RESOURCE FOR FAMILIES & SCHOOL GROUPS OCT 17, 1957 Little Rock 9 With the situation in Little Rock far “He was a from resolved, Jackie Robinson joins 1962 members of the NAACP in New York for a telephone conversation with freedom rider Voter and seven of the nine children who had integrated Central High, to provide registration encouragement for their e©orts. before there In Decatur, Georgia and Harlem (New York were freedom City), Jackie Robinson serves as a central fig- ure in voter registration rides.” rallies and e©orts. – THE REVEREND DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. JAN 23, 1962 The Freedom Rides in the United States Hall of occurred between May 4 and December 10, 1961. African-American and white civil rights Fame activists took bus trips together through FALL 1960 southern states such as Alabama and South induction Carolina to protest segregated bus terminals. President Nixon JAN 1, 1962 Robinson becomes the first African JUN 30, 1963 and Dr. King Jackie as American inducted into the Baseball To campaign for Republican Jazz for a presidential candidate Richard a visionary Hall of Fame in Nixon, Jackie Robinson takes a Rachel Robinson In New York’s African- Cooperstown, Cause leave of absence from Chock full American weekly New York. Jackie and Rachel o’Nuts until the presidential election earns a master’s publication, Amsterdam Robinson host a jazz Following the landmark Brown v. in November. When a hostile judge degree News, Robinson starts concert at their home Board of Education decision, a group in De Kalb County, Georgia a column called “Home in Stamford, of nine African-American high school sentences Dr. King to four months Graduating from New York to raise bail money to students enrolled in the segregated in jail, Robinson appeals to the University (NYU) with a Plate,” which focuses help civil rights activists Little Rock Central High School in Nixon campaign for a direct show master’s degree in psychiatric on politics and civil who are jailed in the South. Arkansas. After protests, President of support for the civil rights leader. nursing, Rachel Robinson later rights. In 1962, he is also The event continues and Eisenhower sent federal troops to Nixon refuses. Robinson responds, becomes Head of Psychiatric elected to the NAACP's supports important causes protect the students. saying, “Nixon doesn’t deserve Nursing at the Albert Einstein Board of Directors. annually until 2001. to win.” College of Medicine.

13 JACKIE ROBINSON | A RESOURCE FOR FAMILIES & SCHOOL GROUPS FEB 1, 1968 JAN 4, 1965 National Freedom Conference National of Christians 1963 AUG 28, 1963 Bank and Jews Malcolm X Co-founded by Jackie serves as national 1963 March Jackie Robinson, the chairman of the National Jackie Robinson and Malcolm X Freedom National Conference of Christians on Washington publicly denounce each other’s Bank opens. It would and Jews’ Brotherhood tactics on gaining equality for The Robinson family attends become the largest Week. African Americans. Robinson the “March on Washington for black-owned and believed in integration, while Jobs and Freedom,” at which operated bank in Malcolm X was more of a Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, New York State. The National Conference of segregationist at the time. Jr. gives his famous “I Have a Christians and Jews was founded Nonetheless, the men maintain Dream” speech. Jackie in 1927 to promote harmony great respect for each other. Robinson and Dr. King are between groups separated by friends, despite disagreeing race and religion. over some issues, such as the United States' involvement in the .

One of many marches that Jackie 1965 and his family joined, the 1963 FEB 28, 1964 “March on Washington, D.C.” saw FEB 8, 1966 250,000 people gather in front of the Nelson Rachel Lincoln Memorial to shed light on Robinson Special limited job opportunities and other Rockefeller social inequities faced by African Jackie Robinson as Director Assistant to Americans. Conceived of by civil resigns from Chock rights activists A. Philip Randolph Governor full o’Nuts to join of Nursing and Bayard Rustin, and organized ’s Rachel Robinson becomes with the great support of African- Rockefeller Director of Nursing for the American men and women across presidential campaign Jackie Robinson is state mental health center the country, it was where Dr. King as one of six deputy appointed by New York shared his “I Have a Dream” speech. national directors. in New Haven, Connecticut, Governor Nelson Rockefeller and an Assistant Professor to the position of Special at the Yale University School Assistant for Community of Nursing. A©airs.

15 JACKIE ROBINSON | A RESOURCE FOR FAMILIES & SCHOOL GROUPS JUN 17, 1971 1982 Jackie Robinson, OCT 24, 1972 Jackie Jr. dies Jackie Robinson At 24 years old, Jackie, Jr. dies Robinson in a car accident while driving postal stamp home from his job as Assistant passes The U.S. Postal Service Regional Director of Daytop, first commemorates Jackie Inc, a drug rehabilitation center away Robinson with a stamp in in Seymour, Connecticut that With his wife 1982, then issues additional had helped Jack, Jr. overcome Rachel present, stamps honoring his life in Jack Roosevelt his drug habit. 1999, 2000, and 2013. APR 15, 1997 Robinson dies of a heart attack at his MAY 1973 home in Stamford, Number 42 Connecticut. He is Jackie Robinson is retired 53 years old. Foundation (JRF) throughout Rachel Robinson, along with founding board members Martin baseball Edelman, Charles Williams and The nation, led by Franklin Williams, honors her President Bill Clinton, husband’s memory by establishing celebrates the 50th the Jackie Robinson Foundation to anniversary of Jackie provide four-year scholarships, MAR 1, 1971 Robinson’s historic entry DEC 1, 1972 hands-on mentoring, and leadership into baseball in an on- War on drugs development opportunities to talented field ceremony with Jackie Robinson college students with limited finan- Rachel Robinson, Jackie Robinson and cial resources. Having disbursed over MAR 26, 1984 President Clinton and Jackie, Jr. appear together Construction $80 million in scholarships and direct MLB Commissioner on a program about drug program services which include job Presidential Allan “Bud” Selig. MLB abuse sponsored by the Corporation placement, study abroad opportunities also honors Robinson by New York State Narcotics Rachel Robinson becomes and graduate school fellowships, JRF recognition retiring his number, 42, Addiction Control Commis- president of the Jackie Robinson continues to address the achievement President Ronald throughout Major League sion for the Scotia-Glenville Construction Corporation that gap in higher education through its Reagan posthumously Baseball, the only number school district. Jackie, Jr. she and her husband founded celebrated scholarship program. awards Jackie Robinson in baseball history to have had become addicted to and renames it the Jackie the Presidential Medal been retired across the drugs as a soldier during Robinson Development of Freedom, which league. The number 42 is the Vietnam War. In 2019, JRF will expand Robinson’s Rachel Robinson Corporation. The company legacy further with the opening of the displayed on the stadium accepts on his behalf. builds 1,600 low-to-moderate Jackie Robinson Museum in NYC. wall of every major league income housing units. ball park in the United States. 17 JACKIE ROBINSON | A RESOURCE FOR FAMILIES & SCHOOL GROUPS MAY 13, 1997 OCT 10, 2003 Jackie Congressional Robinson Gold Medal coins honor The U.S. Mint The Congressional Gold commemorates Medal, the nation’s highest JOIN US AND Jackie Robinson’s life civilian award bestowed by by issuing silver $1 and Congress, is awarded post- BE INSPIRED. gold $5 coins bearing humously to Jackie Robinson. APR 1, 2013 his image. He is the President George W. Bush 2019 first African American and Congress present the “42” movie premieres Visit us at featured on a U.S. Congressional Gold Medal JRF today Legendary Pictures and Warner Bros. jackierobinsonmuseum.org gold coin. (made of solid, 18 karat gold) The Jackie Robinson Foundation to Rachel during a ceremony premiere the motion picture “42” in 2019 continues to honor the memory of throughout the year for hours, in the Capitol Rotunda on Los Angeles, California. The film stars (known also for its namesake through its celebrated March 2, 2005. The Jackie Robinson directions, and more information. portraying James Brown, Thurgood college and graduate school scholar- Marshall, and Marvel Studios’ Black ship programs, and with the building Museum opening Panther on screen) and acclaimed of the Jackie Robinson Museum in The Jackie Robinson Museum veteran actor Harrison Ford (Stars Wars, New York City. JRF Founder Rachel commemorates the life and legacy Indiana Jones, etc.), and depicts Robinson, at 97 years old, remains of this American hero by exploring Robinson’s time in the minor leagues an active member of the board his pioneering baseball career, his and first year with the Brooklyn Dodgers. of directors. commitment to service, and his work “42” is a box o¢ce success, particularly on behalf of “first-class citizenship” in the United States and Japan. for all Americans.

75 Varick Street | New York, NY 10013 JACKIE ROBINSON | A RESOURCE FOR FAMILIES & SCHOOL GROUPS Questions for Discussion Resources

1 Jackie Robinson said, “The right of every 6 Jackie Robinson believed that the two IN PRINT Golenbock, Peter. Bums: An Oral O’Connor, Jim. Jackie Robinson Robinson, Rachel with Lee Daniels. Wilson, John R.M. Jackie Robinson American to first-class citizenship is the keys to creating equal opportunities for History of the Brooklyn Dodgers. and the Story of All-Black Baseball. Jackie Robinson: In Intimate Portrait. and the American Dilemma (Library most important issue of our time.” What African Americans in the United States Adler, David A. Jackie Robinson: Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, Illustrated by Jim Butcher. New Foreword by Roger Wilkins. New of American Biography). London: 2010. York: Random House, 1948. York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996. Pearson, 2009. 224p. time period was he referring to? What were “the ballot and the buck.” What do He Was . New York: Holiday House, 1989. 48p. illus. 48p. illus. 240p. illus. did he mean by “first-class citizenship?” you think he meant? Identify milestones Grabowski, Jack F. Baseball Legends: Zeiler, Thomas W. Jackie Robinson Jackie Robinson. Introduction by Olsen, James T. Jackie Robinson: Robinson, Sharon. Jackie’s Nine. and Race in America: A Brief What does “first-class citizenship” mean and other events in his life that support Burgan, Michael. Breaking Barriers: The Story of Jackie Robinson Jim Murray. New York: Chelsea Pro Ball’s First Black Star. New York: Scholastic, 2001. 192p History with Documents. USA: today, and do all Americans share this this idea he expressed. (Tangled History). North Mankato, House, 1991. 64p. Illus. Illustrated by Harold Henriksen. Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2013. 176p. right equally? Robinson, Sharon. Jackie’s Nine: MN: Capstone Press; Reprint Hillstrome, Laurie Collier. Jackie Mankato, MN: Creative Education, Jackie Robinson’s Values to Live By. edition, 2018. 112p. Robinson and the Integration of 1974. 29p. illus. New York: Scholastic, 2002. 192p. 7 Jackie Robinson’s patriotism led him to Campanella, Roy. It’s Good to be Baseball. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, Orr, Jack. The Black Athlete: Robinson, Sharon. Promises 2 In what other sports did Jackie Robinson make choices that many people disagreed Alive. Lincoln, NB: University of Inc., 2013. His Story in American History. to Keep: How Jackie Robinson excel? How did his athleticism help him with, from his opinion of the United States’ Nebraska Press, 1995. Honig, Donald. Baseball When the Introduction by Jackie Robinson. Changed America. New York: ONLINE New York: Lion Press, 1969. 157p. become a visionary public figure in the involvement in the Vietnam War; to his Davidson, Margaret. The Story of Grass was Real: Baseball from the Scholastic, 2004. 64p. The Jackie Robinson Foundation Jackie Robinson: Bravest Man in Twenties to the Forties Told by Peary, Danny. Jackie Robinson in fight for social equality? decision to testify before the Un-American Robinson, Sharon. The Hero Two jackierobinson.org Activities Committee of the United States Baseball. New York: Dell, 1988. 92p. the Men Who Played It. New York: Quotes. Salem, MA: Page Street Doors Down: Based on the True Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, Publishing Co, 2016. 432p. Congress, challenging Paul Robeson’s Denenberg, Barry. Stealing Home: Story of Friendship Between a Boy The Jackie Robinson Museum 1975. The Negro and a Baseball Legend. jackierobinsonmuseum.org “We had agreed [that] I had no right to opposition to African Americans serving The Story of Jackie Robinson. New Peters, Gregory N. New York: 3 Johnson, Spencer. The Value Leagues. North Mankato, MN: Scholastic Press, 2016. lose my temper and jeopardize the in the United States Armed Services; to York: Scholastic Books, 1990. 117p. The Official Jackie of Courage: The Story of Jackie Capstone Press, 2014. Roeder, Bill. Jackie Robinson. Robinson Website chances of all the blacks who would follow his belief in the use of non-violent tactics Dorinson, Joseph, and Joram Robinson. Illustrated by Pileggi. Warmund. Jackie Robinson: Race, Rampersad, Arnold. Jackie New York: A.S. Barnes, 1950. 183p. jackierobinson.com me if I had a chance to break down the against racism and inequality. Who were San Diego, CA: ValueTales, 1977. Robinson: A Biography. New York: Sports, and the American Dream. Rowan, Carl, and Jackie Robinson. National Baseball Hall of Fame barriers.” With whom did Jackie Robinson his allies and opponents in these views? 64p. illus. Ballantine Books, 1998. 560p. New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1998. 296p. Wait Till Next Year: The Story baseballhall.org make this agreement? What did it mean? Kahn, Roger. Rickey & Robinson. Eig, Jonathan. : The Robinson, Jackie, and Alfred of Jackie Robinson. New York: New York: Rodale, 2014. How did Rachel Robinson support him? Story of Jackie Robinson’s First Duckett. Breakthrough to the Random House, 1960. mlb.com/dodgers/history How did his resiliency and commitment 8 What are examples of the variety of tactics Season. New York: Simon & Lamb, Chris. Blackout: The Untold Big Leagues: The Story of Jackie Sanford, William R. and Carl R. to certain values benefit all people? used by Jackie and Rachel Robinson and Schuster, 2007. 336p. Story of Jackie Robinson’s First Robinson. New York: Harper Green. Jackie Robinson. New York: Major League Baseball . Lincoln, NB: and Row, 1965. 178p. their children to fight injustice before, What I Learned from Crestwood House, 1992. 46p. mlb.com Erskine, Carl. University of Nebraska Press, 2004. during, and after the Civil Rights Movement? Jackie Robinson. New York: McGraw Robinson, Jackie, and Alfred Scott, Richard. Jackie Robinson. The Negro Leagues Lord, Bette Bao. In the Year of the Duckett. I Never Had it Made: An 4 Jackie Robinson’s mother taught him the Which tactics do you believe were most Hill, 2005. 224p. New York: Chelsea House, 1987. Baseball Museum Boar and Jackie Robinson. New Autobiography of Jackie Robinson. effective and why? Great Time Coming: 110p. illus. nlbm.com importance of perseverance and using Falkner, David. York: Harper & Row, 1984. 176p. Introductions by Aaron and The Life Of Jackie Robinson From one’s resources and talents to have a Cornel West. New York: Harper Shorto, Russell. Jackie Robinson The Baseball to Birmingham. New York: Long, Michael G. First Class positive impact on others. What major Perennial, 2004. 304p. and the Breaking of the Color loc.gov Touchstone, 1995. 384p. Citizenship: The Civil Rights Letters Barrier. Brookfield, CT: Millbrook events of his life demonstrate that he 9 What values did Jackie Robinson embrace of Jackie Robinson. New York: Holt Robinson, Jackie. Jackie Robinson’s Jackie Robinson. Press, 1991. 28p. illus. took his mother’s advice seriously? and live by that made him the leader he Frommer, Harvey. Paperback, 2007. 384p Book. was? What leadership skills do you have? New York: Watts, 1984. 117p. Englewood Cli©s, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Spats, Lyle, ed. The Team that Lowenfish, Lee. Branch Rickey: Forever Changed Baseball and Frommer, Harvey. Rickey and Baseball’s Ferocious Gentleman. 1972. 135p. illus. Robinson: The Men Who Broke America: The 1947 Brooklyn Dodgers. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Robinson, Jackie, and Wendell 5 In what areas of our society did Jackie Baseball’s Color Barrier. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Lanham, Press, 2009. Smith. My Own Story. Foreword Robinson have an impact that we benefit 10 Is there something you would like to MD: Taylor Trade Publishing, 1982. Press and the Society for American Mann, Arthur. The Jackie Robinson by Branch Rickey. New York: Baseball Research, 2012. from today? improve in your school, neighborhood, city, Teammates. Golenbock, Peter. Story. New York: Low, 1950. 120p. Greenberg, 1948. 172p. illus. or country? What is it and how would you Illustrated by Paul Bacon. San Tygiel, Jules. Baseball’s Great get started? Who are your allies? Mara, Wil. Jackie Robinson. CT: Robinson, Jackie. Baseball Has Done Experiment: Jackie Robinson and Diego, CA: Gulliver Books, 1990. It. Introduction by Spike Lee. New 30p. illus. Children’s Press, 2002. 32p. His Legacy. USA: Oxford University York: Ig Publishing, 2005. 225p. Press, 1997. 448p. jackierobinson.org jackierobinsonmuseum.org

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