Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong Conferred SMA Honorary
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Why Are Gender Reforms Adopted in Singapore? Party Pragmatism and Electoral Incentives* Netina Tan
Why Are Gender Reforms Adopted in Singapore? Party Pragmatism and Electoral Incentives* Netina Tan Abstract In Singapore, the percentage of elected female politicians rose from 3.8 percent in 1984 to 22.5 percent after the 2015 general election. After years of exclusion, why were gender reforms adopted and how did they lead to more women in political office? Unlike South Korea and Taiwan, this paper shows that in Singapore party pragmatism rather than international diffusion of gender equality norms, feminist lobbying, or rival party pressures drove gender reforms. It is argued that the ruling People’s Action Party’s (PAP) strategic and electoral calculations to maintain hegemonic rule drove its policy u-turn to nominate an average of about 17.6 percent female candidates in the last three elections. Similar to the PAP’s bid to capture women voters in the 1959 elections, it had to alter its patriarchal, conservative image to appeal to the younger, progressive electorate in the 2000s. Additionally, Singapore’s electoral system that includes multi-member constituencies based on plurality party bloc vote rule also makes it easier to include women and diversify the party slate. But despite the strategic and electoral incentives, a gender gap remains. Drawing from a range of public opinion data, this paper explains why traditional gender stereotypes, biased social norms, and unequal family responsibilities may hold women back from full political participation. Keywords: gender reforms, party pragmatism, plurality party bloc vote, multi-member constituencies, ethnic quotas, PAP, Singapore DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5509/2016892369 ____________________ Netina Tan is an assistant professor of political science at McMaster University. -
Media Release 10 Eunos Road 8 Singapore Post Centre #12-01 Singapore 408600 Tel: (65) 6590 3000 Fax: (65) 6319 8755 Website
Embargoed for publication till 13 July 2017, 9.30pm media release 10 Eunos Road 8 Singapore Post Centre #12-01 Singapore 408600 Tel: (65) 6590 3000 Fax: (65) 6319 8755 Website: www.cdc.org.sg/SouthEast To: News Editors 13 July 2017 RECOGNISING PASSION TO SERVE THE COMMUNITY 47 District Councillors Appointed in the South East Community Development Council Appointment Ceremony to Continue Serving the Community Singapore, 13 July 2017 – The South East Community Development Council (CDC) held its South East Community Development Council Appointment Ceremony on the evening of 13 July 2017, where 47 South East District Councillors were appointed. Joining them were Dr Maliki Osman, Mayor of the South East District, as well as Mr Lim Swee Say, Minister for Manpower, and Grassroots Advisers Mr Seah Kian Peng, Ms Jessica Tan, Associate Professor Fatimah Lateef, Mr Edwin Tong and Ms Cheryl Chan. Dr Maliki Osman, Mayor of South East District, commented, “My heartiest congratulations to our District Councillors who have been appointed today. They come from various sectors, and it has always been exciting to hear ideas from them. Because of the diversity in backgrounds, we see ground needs clearer and we get opinions from different experiences, enabling the CDC to stay relevant. I am heartened to see the spirit of the District Councillors who volunteer their time and expertise selflessly and put in tremendous efforts, and resources to the community, and be an inspiration to others. I look forward to working with them in the new Council Term.” Below are four compelling background and contribution of District Councillors to share with the media. -
Annex B Biographies Keynote Speaker
ANNEX B BIOGRAPHIES KEYNOTE SPEAKER: Mr GOH Chok Tong is the Senior Minister of the Republic of Singapore . He is concurrently Chairman of the Monetary Authority of Singapore . Mr Goh served as Prime Minister from November 1990 to August 2004, when he stepped aside to pave the way for political self-renewal. He was First Deputy Prime Minister between 1985 and November 1990. Mr Goh has been a member of the Singapore Cabinet since 1979, having held various portfolios including Trade and Industry, Health and Defence. Between 1977 and 1979, he was Senior Minister of State for Finance. He has been a Member of Parliament since 1976. Prior to joining politics, Mr Goh was Managing Director of Neptune Orient Lines. SINGAPORE CONFERENCE MODERATOR: Mr HO Kwon Ping is Executive Chairman of the Banyan Tree Group , which owns both listed and private companies engaged in the development, ownership and operation of hotels, resorts, spas, residen tial homes, retail galleries and other lifestyle activities in the region. Mr Ho is also Chairman of the family-owned Wah Chang Group; Chairman of Singapore Management University, the third national university in Singapore; and Chairman of MediaCorp, Singapore's national broadcaster. SINGAPORE CONFERENCE PANELLISTS: Dr LEE Boon Yang is the Minister for Information, Communications & the Arts, Republic of Singapore . He first won his seat in Parliament in the General Elections of 1984. He has since held political appointments in the Ministries of Environment, Communications & Information, Finance, Home Affairs, Trade & Industry, National Development, Defence, Prime Minister's Office and Labour/Manpower. Dr Vivian BALAKRISHNAN is the Acting Minister for Community Development, Youth & Sports and Senior Minister of State for Trade & Industry, Republic of Singapore . -
Parliamentary Debates Singapore Official Report
Volume 94 Monday No 21 11 July 2016 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES SINGAPORE OFFICIAL REPORT CONTENTS Written Answers to Questions Page 1. Posting of Job Openings in Public Service on National Jobs Bank (Mr Patrick Tay Teck Guan) 1 2. Plans for Wider Use of Automated Vehicle Systems in Transport System (Dr Lim Wee Kiak) 1 3. Statistics on Malaysian Cars Entering and Leaving Singapore and Traffic Offences Committed (Mr Low Thia Khiang) 2 4. Erection of Noise Barriers between Chua Chu Kang and Bukit Gombak MRT Stations (Mr Zaqy Mohamad) 2 5. Need for Pram-friendly Buses (Mr Desmond Choo) 3 6. Review of Need for Inspection of New Cars from Third Year Onwards (Mr Ang Hin Kee) 3 7. Number of Female Bus Captains Employed by Public Bus Operators (Mr Melvin Yong Yik Chye) 4 8. Green-Man Plus Scheme at Pedestrian Crossing along Potong Pasir Avenue 1 (Mr Sitoh Yih Pin) 5 9. Determination of COE Quota for Category D Vehicles (Mr Thomas Chua Kee Seng) 5 10. Taxi Stand in Vicinity of Blocks 216 to 222 at Lorong 8 Toa Payoh (Mr Sitoh Yih Pin) 6 11. Cyber Security Measures in Place at Key Installations and Critical Infrastructures (Mr Darryl David) 6 12. Government Expenditure on Advertisements and Sponsored Posts on Online Media Platforms (Mr Dennis Tan Lip Fong) 7 13. Regulars, NSmen and NSFs Diagnosed with Mental Health Problems (Mr Dennis Tan Lip Fong) 7 14. Involvement of Phone Scam Suspects Arrested Overseas in Phone Scams in Singapore (Mr Gan Thiam Poh) 8 15. Deployment of Auxiliary Police Officers and CCTVs at Liquor Control Zone in Little India (Mr Melvin Yong Yik Chye) 9 16. -
Islam in a Secular State Walid Jumblatt Abdullah Islam in a Secular State
RELIGION AND SOCIETY IN ASIA Abdullah Islam in a Secular State a Secular in Islam Walid Jumblatt Abdullah Islam in a Secular State Muslim Activism in Singapore Islam in a Secular State Religion and Society in Asia This series contributes cutting-edge and cross-disciplinary academic research on various forms and levels of engagement between religion and society that have developed in the regions of South Asia, East Asia, and South East Asia, in the modern period, that is, from the early 19th century until the present. The publications in this series should reflect studies of both religion in society and society in religion. This opens up a discursive horizon for a wide range of themes and phenomena: the politics of local, national and transnational religion; tension between private conviction and the institutional structures of religion; economical dimensions of religion as well as religious motives in business endeavours; issues of religion, law and legality; gender relations in religious thought and practice; representation of religion in popular culture, including the mediatisation of religion; the spatialisation and temporalisation of religion; religion, secularity, and secularism; colonial and post-colonial construction of religious identities; the politics of ritual; the sociological study of religion and the arts. Engaging these themes will involve explorations of the concepts of modernity and modernisation as well as analyses of how local traditions have been reshaped on the basis of both rejecting and accepting Western religious, -
200708 BT Ge2020 in Numbers
BT Infographics GE2020 Election by the numbers Social media platforms have been abuzz with virtual campaigning efforts as polling day draws close, taking the place of physical rallies that were among highlights of past elections in pre-pandemic times. With political parties pushed into the digital age, The Business Times looks at how the GE2020 has unfolded in cyberspace. BY CLAUDIA TAN & NATALIE CHOY VOTERS 93 2,653,942 SEATS CONTESTED 0.5% 0.5% CONSTITUENCIES PPP Independent FOLLOWER GROWTH Number of Facebook followers gained per day Largest GRC Smallest SMC 2.6% Ang Mo Kio Potong Pasir 2.6% SDA 185,465 electors 19,740 electors 2.6% RDU People’s Action Party SPP Average growth rate: 2.3% 3.1% 1,332 RP 1,347 338 338 653 5.2% 516 NSP July 1 July 2 July 3 July 4 July 5 July 6 Workers’ Party GRCs: 17 SMCs: 14 5.2% Average growth rate: 9.5% New: Sengkang New: Kebun Baru, Yio Chu Kang, PV Marymount, Punggol West 2,699 2,098 2,421 1,474 1,271 1,336 July 1 July 2 July 3 July 4 July 5 July 6 5.7% 40 74 118 152 48.4% Female New 192PSP Male SHARE-OF-VOICE SDP Candidates PAP Progress Singapore Party Based on content generated by political Average growth rate: 22.4% parties on digital media platforms 1,539 1,539 1,119 0.19% 2.29% 932 836 776 People’s Power Party Singapore Democratic 10.9% July 1 July 2 July 3 July 4 July 5 July 6 1.72% Alliance WP Peoples Voice Singapore Democratic Party 1.48% 1.60% Average growth rate: 5.6% Reform Party Singapore People’s Party 813 1.46% 498 558 565 503 540 National Solidarity Party 12.5% 0.67% PSP July 1 July 2 -
Speech by Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong at The
SPEECH BY SENIOR MINISTER GOH CHOK TONG AT THE CONFERMENT OF HONORARY MEMBERSHIP BY THE SINGAPORE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (SMA), AT SMA ANNUAL DINNER HELD ON SATURDAY, 27 MAY 2006, AT 7.30 PM AT THE ROYAL BALLROOM, REGENT HOTEL Distinguished Guests and Friends A very good evening to you all. Thank you, Vivian, for your warm and kind words. I happened to be in the right place at the right time. Many of the achievements which you attributed to me actually belonged to others - the staff and doctors in MOH, for example. And my ideas could not have been realised without the hard work of the officials who fleshed them out and implemented them. Take for instance, Medisave. Khaw Boon Wan, guided by Andrew Chew, then PS (Health), crunched the numbers and turned concepts into programmes. 2 I thank also the Singapore Medical Association (SMA) for conferring the Honorary Membership on me. This is an unexpected honour and in a sense, ironic, for I went against the flow and chose to do Economics instead of Medicine. Many of my close friends, like Tan Cheng Bock, are doctors and members of your Association. I take it that I can now rub shoulders with them in the same august Association. 3 As Vivian mentioned, I was Minister for Health a long time ago. Singapore’s healthcare sector has come a long way since then. As Prime Minister, I took an active interest in formulating our national health plans and promoting healthy living amongst Singaporeans because good health, like good education and good housing, is a key requirement for happiness and progress. -
Parliamentary Debates Singapore Official Report
Volume 94 Monday No 34 20 February 2017 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES SINGAPORE OFFICIAL REPORT CONTENTS Written Answers to Questions Page 1. Increase in Number of Eligible Electorates since Last General Election (Mr Gan Thiam Poh) 1 2. Studies on Impact of Pro-Family Measures on Raising Fertility Rates (Ms Foo Mee Har) 1 3. Breakdown on Number of Foreign Domestic Workers in Singapore from 13 Source Countries (Mr Dennis Tan Lip Fong) 2 4. Forensic Medical Examination for Victims of Sex Crimes (Mr Chen Show Mao) 3 5. Community Dispute Applications Received by Community Disputes Resolution Tribunals (Ms Tin Pei Ling) 4 6. Development Plans for Bedok Stadium and Bedok Sports Complex (Miss Cheryl Chan Wei Ling) 4 7. Data on Vacant or Unused Government Properties and Facilities (Ms Foo Mee Har) 5 8. Updates on New and Innovative Technologies for HDB Residents with Lift Access Problems (Assoc Prof Fatimah Lateef) 5 9. Proportion of Unsuccessful First-Time HDB BTO Flat Applicants after Fifth Attempt (Assoc Prof Fatimah Lateef) 6 10. Contamination Rate of Recyclables from Household Recycling (Mr Louis Ng Kok Kwang) 7 11. Encouraging Uptake of 'Haze-free' Cooking Oil by Restaurants (Mr Louis Ng Kok Kwang) 8 12. Reason for Rise in Littering Cases (Er Dr Lee Bee Wah) 9 13, 14, 15. Water Consumption and Forthcoming Price Increase (Er Dr Lee Bee Wah and Mr Png Eng Huat) 10 16. Primary 1 Pupil Data Form (Mr Leon Perera) 12 INCREASE IN NUMBER OF ELIGIBLE ELECTORATES SINCE LAST GENERAL ELECTION 1 Mr Gan Thiam Poh asked the Prime Minister (a) to date, what is the total increase in the number of eligible electorates since last general election; (b) which is the electoral division that has the highest number of increase; and (c) what is the projected increase in the number of eligible electorates in three years' time. -
What Singaporean Female Politicians Choose to Say in Parliament
REFLEXIONEN ZU GENDER UND POLITISCHER PARTIZIPATION IN ASIEN Mirza, Naeem/Wagha, Wasim, 2010: Performance of Women Parliamentarians in the 12th Natio- nal Assembly (2002-2007). Islamabad. Musharraf, Pervez, 2006: In the Line of Fire. London. Mustafa, Zubeida, 2009: Where Were You, Dear Sisters? In: Dawn, 22.04.2009. Navarro, Julien, 2009: Les députés européens et leur rôle. Bruxelles. Phillips, Anne, 1995: The Politics of Presence. Oxford. PILDAT, 2002: Directory of the Members of the 12th National Assembly of Pakistan. Islamabad. Pitkin, Hanna F., 1967: The Concept of Representation. Berkeley. Rehfeld, Andrew, 2005: The Concept of Constituency. Political Representation, Democratic Legi- timacy, and Institutional Design. New York. Searing, Donald, 1994: Westminster’s World. Understanding Political Roles. Cambridge (Mass.). Shafqat, Saeed, 2002: Democracy and Political Transformation in Pakistan. In: Mumtaz, Soofia, Racine, Jean-Luc, Ali Imran, Anwar (eds.): Pakistan. The Contours of State and Society. Karachi, 209-235. Siddiqui, Niloufer, 2010: Gender Ideology and the Jamaat-e-Islami. In: Current Trends in Islamist Ideology. Vol. 10. Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty, 1988 (1985): Subaltern Studies. Deconstructing Historiography. In: Guha, Ranajit/Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty (eds.). Subaltern Studies. New York, 3-32. Solberg, Kristin Elisabeth, 2010: New Laws Could Improve Women’s Health in Pakistan. In: The Lancet. 975 (9730), 1956. Special Committee on Constitutional Reform, 2010: Report. Islamabad. Talbot, Ian, 2005: Pakistan. A Modern History. London. UNDP, 2005: Political and legislative participation of women in Pakistan: Issues and perspectives. Weiss, Anita, 2001: Gendered Power Relations. Perpetuation and Renegotiation. In: Weiss Anita/ Gilani Zulfikar (eds.): Power and Civil Society in Pakistan. Oxford, 65-89. Yasin, Asim, 2007: Discord over PPP tickets for women’s seats. -
A Great Place To
Issue 34 April 2008 A newsletter of the Singapore Cooperation Programme experiencesingapore to Fly Place A Great • Singapore Fashion Festival Festival Fashion • Singapore • chartsASEAN anew [5] course boosts • ties [2] with India Singapore IN THIS ISSUE The new Terminal 3complex. The newTerminal a rising star [6] MAKING FRIENDS New Era of Singapore-Thai Ties “Singapore and Thailand are old friends. Outside Singapore’s old Parliament House stands a bronze elephant monument, which was presented to us by King Chulalongkorn during his historic visit in 1871, the first by a Thai monarch. This was the beginning of a friendship which has endured and grown stronger with the passage of time.” – PM Lee Hsien Loong, at a dinner honouring PM Samak Sundaravej BILATERAL ties between Singapore and Thailand Thailand’s Prime Minister Samak Sundaravej tours the Tiong Bahru Market during his official visit to Singapore. have entered a new era, following a meeting in Accompanying him are Mr Lee Yuen Hee, (third from left), CEO of NEA and Mr Lim Swee Say, (right, next to Mr Samak), Secretary-General of NTUC. March between the two countries’ leaders. Thai Prime Minister Samak Sundaravej, such as agriculture, life sciences, automotive met with Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew who is also Minister of Defence, met Singapore and financial services. and Defence Minister Teo Chee Hean. PM Lee Hsien Loong in Singapore as part of Singapore is one of Thailand’s top trading But it wasn’t all work no play for the Thai his introductory tour of the region after taking partners, with bilateral trade of more than PM, who used to host his own TV cooking office in February. -
What Singaporean Female Politicians Choose to Say in Parliament Devasahayam, Theresa W
www.ssoar.info "Talking point(s)": what Singaporean female politicians choose to say in parliament Devasahayam, Theresa W. Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit / provided in cooperation with: Verlag Barbara Budrich Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Devasahayam, T. W. (2013). "Talking point(s)": what Singaporean female politicians choose to say in parliament. Femina Politica - Zeitschrift für feministische Politikwissenschaft, 22(2), 34-51. https://nbn-resolving.org/ urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-447265 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-SA Lizenz (Namensnennung- This document is made available under a CC BY-SA Licence Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen) zur Verfügung gestellt. (Attribution-ShareAlike). For more Information see: Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de REFLEXIONEN ZU GENDER UND POLITISCHER PARTIZIPATION IN ASIEN Mirza, Naeem/Wagha, Wasim, 2010: Performance of Women Parliamentarians in the 12th Natio- nal Assembly (2002-2007). Islamabad. Musharraf, Pervez, 2006: In the Line of Fire. London. Mustafa, Zubeida, 2009: Where Were You, Dear Sisters? In: Dawn, 22.04.2009. Navarro, Julien, 2009: Les députés européens et leur rôle. Bruxelles. Phillips, Anne, 1995: The Politics of Presence. Oxford. PILDAT, 2002: Directory of the Members of the 12th National Assembly of Pakistan. Islamabad. Pitkin, Hanna F., 1967: The Concept of Representation. Berkeley. Rehfeld, Andrew, 2005: The Concept of Constituency. Political Representation, Democratic Legi- timacy, and Institutional Design. New York. Searing, Donald, 1994: Westminster’s World. Understanding Political Roles. Cambridge (Mass.). Shafqat, Saeed, 2002: Democracy and Political Transformation in Pakistan. -
Using Newspaper Reports to Glean Insight Into Current Affairs. a Case Study : the Singapore Parliamentary and Presidential Elections
Using newspaper reports to glean insight into current affairs. A Case study : The Singapore Parliamentary and Presidential Elections. NewspaperSG • Online archives of Singapore newspapers • 1831 – 2009 • URL: newspapers.nl.sg Elections in 2011 • Parliamentary Elections : 7 May 2011 • Presidential Elections : 27 August 2011 Singapore’s politics • 10 Parliamentary Elections between 1968 – 2006 • People’s Action Party (PAP) won all seats in 1968, 1972, 1976, 1980. • Opposition won 2 seats in 1984; 1 in 1988; 4 in 1991; 2 in 1997; 2 in 2001; and 2 in 2006. • 2011 : PAP lost 6 seats and garnered only 60.14% (lowest ever) of total votes casted. Presidential Elections • 1993 : Ong Teng Cheong elected • 1999 & 2005 : S R Nathan (uncontested) • 2011 candidates: – Tan Cheng Bock, Tan Jee Say, Tan Kheng Yam & Tan Kin Lian • Singaporeans politically apathetic? • Only concern about economic well-being and material wealth? • “stifling environment” • traditional media bias towards ruling party • Internet (political sites) & new media NewspaperSG usage stats in 2011 Month Unique visitors Number of visits Pages Jan 2011 35285 65453 395319 Feb 2011 36412 64109 376205 Mar 2011 49841 90780 473786 Apr 2011 42936 76677 412861 May 2011 66527 116862 611861 Jun 2011 47421 85069 522151 Jul 2011 48929 90345 517565 Aug 2011 51222 94665 523321 Sep 2011 49802 93781 509233 Oct 2011 48486 94649 506465 Nov 2011 46601 105525 495306 Dec 2011 43821 107918 490345 Total 567283 1085833 5836418 Most viewed articles in May 2011 Most viewed articles in August 2011 Top keyword