Species Card Sort Animal (Animalia) Chordate (Chordata) Fish Bony (Osteichthyes)

STUDENT SHEET 1b

Species card sort Animal (Animalia) Chordate (Chordata) fish Bony (Osteichthyes)

Maori Wrasse Maori Cheilinus undulatus Kingdom Phylum Class

The Maori wrasse is one of the largest reef fish and the fish and reef the largest is one of wrasse Maori The predators, voracious are They family. wrasse the of largest echinoderms and to molluscs from eating anything few the of one are They fish. as small well as crustaceans, starfish. the Crown-of-thorns eat to species Size 2m in length to up can grow They Feeding They and echinoderms. on molluscs, crustaceans feed They predators. natural few have Habitat the from oceans, and Pacific the Indian throughout Reefs 100m. of a depth to shallows Threats e.g. from and pollution overfishing to vulnerable are They fishing. cyanide you Did know? which face their the markings on from name their get They tattoos! traditional Maori resemble

Nudibranchia Nudibranch Order Kingdom Phylum Class

Nudibranchs are a type of mollusc and some of the most the most mollusc and some of type of a are Nudibranchs referred Often Reef. Barrier the Great colourful animals on different of variety a these animals have slugs', as 'sea to storing from being eaten, avoid to mechanisms defence appearing to eat, they anemones from poisonous cells would-be of scare to and colourful as possible as bright predators. Size 60cm long. to 2cm from range Nudibranchs Feeding eat sea anemones and jellyfish. Some species Nudibranchs fish such as large by eaten are They also cannibalistic. are wrasse. Habitat reefs. coral of shallows warm the in live They Threats run- caused by eutrophication by threatened can be They techniques such as fishing well as as areas, coastal from off trawling. and bottom dredging you Did know? meaning hermaphrodites, simultaneous are Nudibranchs organs! sex female male and both have they that Animal (Animalia) Chordate (Chordata) fish Bony (Osteichthyes)

Labroides Cleaner wrasse Cleaner Genus Kingdom Phylum Class

Cleaner wrasses are fish which specialise in cleaning other, other, which specialise in cleaning fish are wrasses Cleaner fish larger relationship allows symbiotic This fish. larger wrasse. the for source food a clean, and provides stay to where areas, in ‘cleaning’ congregate wrasses cleaner The swim which wrasses, the by to be groomed visit fish bigger is clean. everything ensure to mouths and gills their into Size than small, no bigger are wrasse cleaner species of Most 20cm long Feeding they fish of and parasites tissue the dead off feed They the fish prefer as larger predators, few clean and have snack! to a quick cleaning of benefits Habitat and Pacific the Indian of reefs coral around mainly live They oceans. Threats that threaten those face no except They specific threats whole. as a ecosystem reef the coral you Did know? the in customers for waiting of instead wrasses, Some fish! shy for visits’ ‘house make cleaning areas,

Christmas tree worm tree Christmas corniculatus Spirobranchus Kingdom Phylum Class

Christmas tree worms are a type of worm known as known worm type of a are worms tree Christmas feet or 'chaeta' the little to refers This polychaetes. of feature distinctive The sides. their along have they shaped like crowns two the is worm tree the Christmas small for water the strain to used are These trees. Christmas to in mucus transported then which are food, particles of the crown. the base of the mouth at Size few a from size of a huge range have worms tree Christmas 3 metres. to up millimetres Feeding They plankton. for the seawater worms filter tree Christmas fish. by eaten are Habitat on damaged coral settle larvae worm tree Christmas The large for is shown Preference a burrow. and create polyps mounds. or 'bommies' coral Threats that anything coral, dependence on live their Because of worms. tree impacts Christmas the coral, threatens you Did know? back! grows it quickly crown, the off fish bites a If Protist Protist (Protista) algae Brown (Phaeophyta) Phaeophyceae

Sargassum Brown algae Brown Genus Kingdom Phylum Class

Sargassum includes some of almost 2,000 species of brown brown species of 2,000 almost includes some of Sargassum attached thickly, which grows seaweed type of is a algae. It the ocean with floating as well as waters in shallow rocks to small globe-shaped compartments have fronds Its currents. to surface the sea’s float near it This helps with gas. filled to helping by a dual role plays It enable photosynthesis. source. food a as providing well as habitats form Size waters. warmer in 12 metres to up to centimetres few A Feeding by and is eaten photosynthesis through sunlight absorbs It fish and sea urchins. herbivorous smaller, Habitat waters. and tropical Temperate Threats to build proteins. ability their can affect Pollution you Did know? be cooked but it must bitter… slightly tastes is edible and It first!

Triton’s trumpet Triton’s tritonis Charonia Kingdom Phylum Class

Triton's trumpet is a large predatory sea snail. This mollusc This sea snail. predatory is a large trumpet Triton's the crown-of-thorns that eats species few the is one of the of One toxins. to its as it has become immune starfish, and sea starfish on other feed also they sea snails, largest with a them injecting by prey their immobilise They urchins. saliva. their in agent paralysing Size 10cm and 35cm long. between to grow Adults Feeding and starfish. on sea urchins feeds trumpet Triton's Habitat reefs. coral On Threats shell, or structure with a carbonate all organisms Like In ocean acidification. by can be affected trumpet Triton’s can be a ornaments for shells the collection of some areas, threat. you Did know? practice the ancient from comes trumpet Triton's name The a trumpet! the shell and using it as of tip the off cutting of Animal (Animalia) Echinoderm (Echinodermata) Sea start (Asteroidea)

Crown-of-thorns starfish Crown-of-thorns planci Acanthaster Kingdom Phylum Class

The crown-of-thorns starfish is one of the most studied studied the most of is one starfish crown-of-thorns The the because of Reef, Barrier the Great echinoderms on on coral have that periodic population outbreaks effects that it is a specialist is an unusual species in It reefs. the of 42% for been responsible have They corallivore. since 1985. Reef Barrier the Great on cover decline in coral Size 40cm in diameter. to 20cm usually are Adults Feeding and corals feed on hard starfish Crown-of-thorns eaten are They and anemones. corals soft occasionally fish and a marine snail, trigger the species, such as few by trumpet. Triton's Habitat reefs. coral On Threats starfish, the crown-of-thorns to threats no known are There food. run out of they when but populations die out you Did know? an hour starfish 120 crown-of-thorns to killed up have Divers outbreaks! control to

Pearlfish Carapidae Kingdom Phylum Class

Pearlfish are tiny fish which live inside invertebrates, invertebrates, inside which live fish tiny are Pearlfish enter They clams and sea cucumbers. including starfish, there, anus and live their via cavity body host’s their of source with a ready and predators from protected their with at peace pearlfish live species of Most nutrients. parasitic. are but others host, Size 20cm. to long centimetres few a From Feeding the off feed some or and crustaceans, invertebrates Small fish. larger by eaten are They host. their of organs Habitat and Indian Atlantic, the of waters tropical in live They in usually but more 2,000m of to a depth oceans, Pacific than 30m. less of waters shallow Threats face the face that than those no They other specific threats in general. ecosystem reef coral you Did know? and easy head, enabling quick their to anus is close Their host’s their heads out of their popping by defecation bottom! Animal (Animalia) Chordate (Chordata) fish Bony (Osteichthyes)

Clown Anemonefish Clown Amphiprion ocellaris Kingdom Phylum Class

There are 30 different species of anemonefish, so called anemonefish, of species 30 different are There The with anemones. relationship a symbiotic have they as and provides predators from shelter anemone provides invertebrates fish eat The food source. with a fish the the the anemone and protect harm which could otherwise predators. other from anemone Size long. 10cm-20cm between Typically Feeding by hunted such as copepods, and are eat zooplankton They fish. larger Habitat oceans, and Pacific the Indian and lagoons of reefs Shallow Sea. and Red Reef Barrier the Great including Threats the of release The fish. aquarium popular are Anemonefish in a sharp increase in 2003 saw Nemo' film 'Finding Disney populations decline. anemonefish clown which saw demand you Did know? the are damselfish) of types well as some (as Anemonefish the of poison strong very the by to be unaffected fish only anemone!

Staghorn coral Staghorn cerviciornis Acropora Kingdom Phylum Class

Staghorn coral is a branching stony coral. Such hard corals corals hard Such coral. stony is a branching coral Staghorn a small animal much like polyps, tiny colonies of actually are and shelter a carbonate form polyps The the sea anemone. grow structures these carbonate reproduce, the polyps as the in creating essential are corals Hard as long branches. species. different that supports so many habitat 3D reef Size 2m. over to centimetres few a from range Branches Feeding relationship symbiotic their from energy receive corals Hard such as plankton also catch polyps The with zooxanthellae. copepods. Habitat 0-30m. of at a depth habitats reef fore and Back Threats and especially level pH changes in salinity, from Damage which can cause temperature in sea increases from damage and being include storm threats bleaching. Locally, starfish. the crown-of-thorns by eaten you Did know? the and and asexually sexually both reproduce Polyps within a individual animals and linked both are polyps colony! Animal (Animalia) Chordate (Chordata) fish Bony (Osteichthyes)

Bumphead parrotfish Bumphead muricatum Bolbometopon Kingdom Phylum Class

This distinctive fish has a vertical forehead and huge teeth teeth and huge forehead vertical fish has a distinctive This slowly grow They then eating corals. and into ramming for in groups, found are They years. 40 to up for and can live or caves of the shelter in often too, and sleep as groups shipwrecks. Size 1m in length. over to grow They Feeding tonnes a 5 over eating corals, algae and live off live They as humans. well as sharks, by hunted primarily and are year, Habitat the of and lagoons reefs around live parrotfish Bumphead 30m. around of to a depth oceans, and Pacific Indian Threats face the face that than those no They other specific threats over- from but can suffer in general, ecosystem reef coral fishing. you Did know? and females as begin life they – hermaphrodites are They mature! they males as into turn

Cyanbacteria Blue green algae green Blue Phylum Kingdom Phylum Class

Cyanobacteria are microorganisms, bacteria which fix which bacteria microorganisms, are Cyanobacteria through oxygen also produce They and carbon. nitrogen the in live to species enabling other photosynthesis, (e.g. within protists Some live environment. surrounding part form or the host, to energy sponges, providing or algae) environments. shore rocky of the splash zone lichens in of Size occasionally although in aquatic environments Microscopic, space! from which can be seen ‘blooms’ create Feeding photosynthesis. through the sun from energy obtain They an form algae and of forms other to nutrients supply They web. food the marine part of important Habitat planet. the entire across All land and aquatic environments Threats to build proteins. ability their can affect Pollution you Did know? and cyanobacteria from made are fossils known oldest The old! years 3.5 billion are Animal (Animalia) Cnidaria Anthozoa

Actiniaria Sea anemone Order Kingdom Phylum Class

Anemones are a type of polyp, the same animal that forms forms that the same animal polyp, type of a Anemones are but can as single polyps, found usually are They corals. an around formed tentacles have They colonies. form also to ends, their at capsules stinging which have body oval relationship a symbiotic have They prey. their immobilise the anemones as a which use fish, with some species of the fish protect these return, In stung. not and are refuge predators. anemone from Size 1m in diameter. over to 1cm across from Anemones range Feeding by eaten are They fish and shrimp. Sea anemones eat small fish. and some sea stars nudibranchs, Habitat the sea and are of bottom the hard on live usually They areas. coastal temperate and tropical in most found Threats the than sea anemones other to threats no known are There can be affected It ecosystem. the coral to threats general starfish. the crown-of-thorns of outbreaks by you Did know? years! 50 over for sea anemone can live Some species of

Coral Oceans 11-14 Science Copyright 2018 Encounter Edu This resource may be reproduced for educational purposes only STUDENT SHEET 1b Animal (Animalia) Chordate (Chordata rays & Sharks (Chondrichthyes)

Manta ray Manta alfredi Manta Kingdom Phylum Class

Mantas are large graceful fish, that often look like they are they like look often that fish, graceful large are Mantas They fins. large with their pectoral thewater flying through to mouth their of side using lobes either feeders, filter are found often are them. Mantas towards funnel plankton the cleaner fish such as where visiting cleaning stations, dead skin. their and nibble parasites wrasse Size wide. 5.5 metres reach mantas Reef Feeding fish larvae. and eating plankton feeders, filter are Mantas (killer orcas and sharks large are predators main mantas The whales). Habitat tropical and waters. throughout subtropical found Typically Threats become and often the surface near swimmers slow are They fishing gear. in entangled you Did know? much still have we fish and all of brain the largest have They social behaviour! their learn about to Animal (Animalia) Chordate (chordata) rays & Sharks (Chondrichthyes)

Tiger shark Tiger cuvier Galeocerdo Kingdom Phylum Class

One of the largest sharks in the world, the tiger shark is shark tiger the world, the in sharks the largest of One gets It Reef. Barrier the Great on predators the apex one of that along its sides stripes vertical the dark from its name mainly creature, is a solitary It stripes. tiger's a resemble at night. hunting Size 3m and 4.2m between to grow commonly sharks tiger Adult 5m in length. over long, and can grow Feeding eating picky, very and not predators voracious are They turtles, squid, marine mammals, to fish from anything plates. number human rubbish and car Habitat tropical and waters throughout subtropical Mainly the coast. to found close often and are worldwide, Threats and growth slow their to fishing due to vulnerable are They long lifespan. you Did know? but humans attacks, shark from die year About 10 people a year! every kill 100 million sharks

Copepoda Animal (Animalia) Arthropod (arthropoda) Crustacean (Crustacea) Copepod Subclass Kingdom Phylum Class

A copepod is a small marine animal. It is a crustacean, is a crustacean, copepod is a small marine animal. It A Copepods and crabs. shrimps lobsters, to and is related ocean carried by that are small animals zooplankton, are world. the in way own their than making rather currents oar kope- words Greek two from copepod comes word The this animal on abundant the most are They foot. and pod- planet. Size 2mm long. to 1mm typically Copepods are Feeding eating algae and producers, secondary Copepods are needed building blocks complex the more this into turning feeders. filter such as marine life, larger for Habitat pole. to pole from the oceans Throughout Threats the of the pH in a decrease to susceptible Copepods are ocean acidification. of the process from ocean you Did know? 1,347,000,000,000,000,000,000 an estimated are There oceans! world's the copepods in Animal (Animalia) Chordate (chordata) Reptile (Reptilia)

Green turtle Green Chelonis mydas Kingdom Phylum Class

Green turtles are one of the six species of sea turtle that turtle sea the six species of one of are turtles Green the non-breeding In Reef. Barrier the Great on found are as far as travel Reef Barrier the Great from turtles season, they eggs in pits their lay turtles Green and Indonesia. Fiji dig on beaches islands and bays. Size 80cm between (shell) a carapace have usually turtles Green and 120cm long. Feeding are They on algae and seagrass. mainly feed turtles Green sharks. humans and larger by eaten Habitat tropical and throughout turtles subtropical found Green are on coral feed they and nest to beaches to oceans, returning meadows. and seagrass reefs Threats They threat. the main is meadows seagrass of Destruction their and having fishing nets in being caught also risk developments. coastal by destroyed sites nesting you Did know? have they and cold-blooded reptiles are turtles Green been to known themselves warm sunbathe to up!

Porolithon Red coralline algae coralline Red Genus Kingdom Phylum Class

Porolithon are pinkish algae which build and strengthen which build and strengthen pinkish algae are Porolithon together binding materials on rock, live They reefs. coral the to protect them beneath a calcified layer forming and and are and storms, waves the impact of from crest reef into nutrients also convert They cement.’ as ‘reef known oxygen. species and generate other for food Size 25cm. to up microscopic From Feeding a and provide photosynthesis through sunlight absorb They fish. herbivorous smaller, for source food Habitat in reef, and outer the inner as well as crests, reef Primarily warm waters. and tropical Threats which ocean acidification from threat under are They carbonate their of formation the for it harder makes also temperatures water and higher Pollution structures. an impact. have you Did know? also contain they in colour pink or red appear they Although chlorophyll! green Animal (Animalia) Cnidaria Anthozoa

Portidae Boulder coral Boulder Family Kingdom Phylum Class

Poritidae is a family of hard corals that can form large coral coral large form that can corals hard of family is a Poritidae actually are corals hard Such as 'bommies'. mounds, known the sea a small animal much like polyps, tiny colonies of the 3D reef in creating essential are corals anemone. Hard grow They species. different that supports so many habitat year. a 1-2cm of at a rate slowly very Size 8m high and 5m across. to up mounds can range These Feeding relationship symbiotic their from energy receive corals Hard such as plankton also catch polyps The with zooxanthellae. tentacles. copepods stinging with their Habitat the reef to lagoons and proximity favour 'bommies' The slope. Threats changes in from damage to susceptible are corals Hard temperature in sea increases from and especially level pH include threats which can cause bleaching. Locally the crown-of- by and being eaten runoff from pollution thorns starfish. you Did know? olds and year 700 over colonies are these coral Some of bands! annual growth their counting by can be dated they

Coral Oceans 11-14 Science Copyright 2018 Encounter Edu This resource may be reproduced for educational purposes only STUDENT SHEET 1b Animal (Animalia) Echinoderm (Echinodermata) Sea cucumber (Holothuroidea)

Holothuroidea Sea cucumber Class Kingdom Phylum Class

Sea cucumbers are a diverse and common type of type of and common a diverse are Sea cucumbers Within Reef. Barrier the Great all along found echinoderm, some quite species have of a number sea cucumbers, asexually, reproduce surprising habits. Some sea cucumbers A individuals. complete two form to splitting in half fish, by being eaten avoid to mechanism defence favourite anus. their out of organs guts and internal their shoot to is Size 30cm in length. to 10cm from range typically Adults Feeding plankton for the sediment through sift sea cucumbers Most of range a by eaten are They matter. and decaying organic fish. Habitat water. and in deep zone the intertidal reefs, on coral Found Threats widely are they - (yes sea cucumber species of Edible under are as bêche-de-mer delicious!), known considered overfishing. from threat you Did know? relationship a symbiotic also developed Some species have the sea in which shelters fish, the pearl with species such as predation! avoid to anus cucumber's Animal (Animalia) Arthropod (Arthropoda) Crustacean (Crustacea)

Stomatopoda Mantis shrimp Mantis Order Kingdom Phylum Class

Mantis shrimps are aggressive and typically solitary solitary typically and aggressive are shrimps Mantis by ways, different two in prey their kill They creatures. Some claws. front large their with smashing spearing or are and other prey their impaling 'spearers' species are them. killing or victims and stunning their striking 'smashers', Size 1cm and 40cm long. between to grow shrimps Mantis Feeding shell such as small without a hard animals prefer 'Spearers' molluscs. other snails and on crabs, prey fish. 'Smashers' fish. larger upon by preyed are They Habitat in lagoons rock or the coral in in crevices live shrimps Mantis the sand. in and also burrow Threats the that threaten those face no They threats, known except whole. as a ecosystem reef coral you Did know? a sonic it can create fast and smash is so powerful Their in kept shrimps mantis of reports are there boom and the glass. aquaria breaking

Echinoidea Sea Urchin Class Kingdom Phylum Class

Sea urchins are related to starfish and sea cucumbers. Most Most and sea cucumbers. starfish to related are Sea urchins They predators. avoid to the day hide during sea urchins are them. Sea urchins protect to poisonous spines also have the coral on that grows the algae eating herbivorous mainly the that in making sure role an important play They reef. seaweed. by overrun is not reef coral Size not 12cm in diameter, to 6cm from range typically Adults including the spines. Feeding snails upon by preyed are They eat algae. sea urchins Most and rays some crabs, and also by trumpet Triton's such as sharks. Habitat beds. flats and seagrass sand reefs, on coral Found Threats ocean to sensitive extremely are larvae Sea urchin ecosystem. the coral to threats well as acidification as you Did know? and although not venom, mild have only sea urchins Most on! stepped if painful very humans, can be to fatal