applied sciences Article MOSAIK and FMI-Based Co-Simulation Applied to Transient Stability Analysis of Grid-Forming Converter Modulated Wind Power Plants Nakisa Farrokhseresht 1,* , Arjen A. van der Meer 1 , José Rueda Torres 1 and Mart A. M. M. van der Meijden 1,2 1 Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands;
[email protected] (A.A.v.d.M.);
[email protected] (J.R.T.);
[email protected] (M.A.M.M.v.d.M.) 2 TenneT TSO B.V., 6812 AR Arnhem, The Netherlands * Correspondence:
[email protected] Abstract: The grid integration of renewable energy sources interfaced through power electronic converters is undergoing a significant acceleration to meet environmental and political targets. The rapid deployment of converters brings new challenges in ensuring robustness, transient stability, among others. In order to enhance transient stability, transmission system operators established network grid code requirements for converter-based generators to support the primary control task during faults. A critical factor in terms of implementing grid codes is the control strategy of the grid-side converters. Grid-forming converters are a promising solution which could perform properly in a weak-grid condition as well as in an islanded operation. In order to ensure grid code compliance, Citation: Farrokhseresht, N.; a wide range of transient stability studies is required. Time-domain simulations are common practice van der Meer, A.A.; Torres, J.R.; for that purpose. However, performing traditional monolithic time domain simulations (single solver, van der Meijden, M.A.M.M.