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U.S. Fusion Energy Sciences Program Office of Fusion U.S. Fusion Energy Sciences Program Excellent Science Energy in Support of Attractive Energy Sciences Presented to National Research Council Burning Plasma Assessment Committee By Dr. Anne Davies Associate Director for Fusion Energy Sciences Office of Science Department of Energy November 18, 2002 www.ofes.fusion.doe.gov Excellent Science in Support of Attractive Energy U.S. Fusion Energy Sciences Budget History 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 Fiscal Year Budget (FY 2002 $ in Millions) 100 0 72 73 74 75 76 7778 79 8081 8283 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 9394 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 Fiscal Year Restructuring of the U.S. Fusion Energy Sciences Program Most Innovative Attractive Present Alternate Fusion Energy Strategy Concepts Source Advanced Tokamaks Plasma Conventional Tokamak Fusion Science Science Previous Strategy Fusion Energy Technologies U.S. Fusion Energy Sciences Program Mission “Advance plasma science, fusion science, and fusion technology-- the knowledge base needed for an economically and environmentally attractive fusion energy source.” Policy Goals o Advance plasma science in pursuit of national science and technology goals o Develop fusion science, technology, and plasma confinement innovations as the central theme of the domestic program oPursue fusion energy science and technology as a partner in the international fusion effort 10 Implementing Principles o Science focus o Energy goal o Reliability as an international partner o Complementary to the international effort o Leadership in selected areas o Scientific excellence oFacility balance oImportance of a national laboratory for fusion science o Education and human resources o Diversity of participation U.S. Fusion Energy Sciences Program Response oFocused on innovation and science –Initiated plasma science program –Increased scientific productivity of existing facilities –Increased emphasis on exploring alternative concepts –Enhanced theory and modeling research o Shutdown and decommissioned TFTR to free up funds for growth in other efforts oEnhanced research on radiation-resistant materials oMaintained commitments to ITER until Congress directed U.S. withdrawal o Continue minimal inertial fusion energy program in coordination with Defense Program’s ICF program The underlying theme of the restructuring of the fusion program was to redirect it away from “the expensive development path to a fusion power plant to focus on the less costly critical basic science and technology foundations.” A Restructured Fusion Energy Sciences Program, FESAC, 1996 U.S. Magnetic Fusion Strategy (1991-1996) Tokamak Physics Design Construction Advanced Tokamak Experiment Experiments Tokamak Deuterium- Tritium Fusion Test Experiment Reactor International Activities Physics & Technology Engineering International Design and R&D Construction Thermonuclear Experiments Testing Experimental Reactor DEMO Materials Development Design Construction Irradiation of Materials Blanket Development Supporting Physics & Technology Primarily ITER and TPX Support Time 1990 2000 2010 2020 U.S. Fusion Energy Sciences Program Goals The present base program is configured to: o Contribute to the scientific and technical basis for a burning plasma experiment oProvide the U.S. with the knowledge and tools to participate in and benefit from a burning plasma experiments, and o Acquire the broad understanding of plasma science and technology needed to design an economical and environmentally attractive fusion power source (a very demanding goal) Four Thrust Areas are Required for Practical Magnetic Fusion Energy Burning Plasmas Fundamental Understanding Cost-Effective Fusion Configuration Optimization Energy Materials and Technology Areas defined by the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee. Scientific Understanding of Fusion Plasmas has Increased Dramatically Advanced Computing Plasma Measurements Simulation of turbulence in Fast imaging of plasma magnetic fusion plasma. turbulence. Goal: Practical fusion energy through high-quality science. Scientific Discovery Thru Advanced Computing Three Principal Projects Computation of Wave Terascale Atomic Physics Magnetic Reconnection Code Plasma Interactions Auburn, Rollins, ORNL U. Iowa, U. Chicago, U. Texas ORNL, PPPL, MIT, Lodestar, CompX Current J time=100 Wave Field 15 0.1966 0.1707 1.0 0.1448 0.1189 Ζ 0 0.0930 0.5 0.0671 0.0412 0.0 -15 0.0153 Substorm in the Magnetotail -0.5 -1.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 Two Pilot Projects R (m) Plasma Microturbulence Extended MHD Modeling LLNL, GA, PPPL, U. PPPL, SAIC, U. Wisconsin, NYU, Maryland, U. Texas, U. Colorado, MIT, Utah State U., U. Colorado, UCLA GA, LANL, U. Texas Major U.S. Magnetic Fusion Facilities National Spherical Torus Experiment General Princeton Atomics Plasma Physics Doublet III Laboratory Started Operations NSTX started In 1978 Operations in DIII-D Tokamak 1999 Massachusetts Institute of Technology C-MOD Started Operations in October 1991 Princeton National Compact Plasma Physics Stellarator Experiment Laboratory NCSX Fabrication: Alcator C-MOD FY 2003-2007 Major Fusion Facilities Operating Times 30 DIII-D C-MOD NSTX Full Utilization Level 25 21 21 21 20 17 17 17 16 15 15 Weeks 14 13 13 12 12 12 12 12 10 8 6 5 0 FY 1999 FY 2000 FY 2001 FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2003 Approp. Pres. Req. Dec.FP Years 09/04/02 09/04/02 Enabling Technologies Program 100 GHz Gyrotron Tube (1MW power in 1 second pulse) for Plasma Heating and Control DiMES probe in DIII-D Pellet Injector in DIII-D provides data on plasma for Plasma Fueling material interactions Variations of the Toroidal Plasma Configuration Address Key Fusion Issues Compact Stellarator design Spherical Torus offers high fusion optimizes plasma stability and power density at low magnetic field. steady-state properties. Goal: Combine with ITER results for better fusion energy. The U.S. is Planning Two Compact Stellarators Different configuration and design approaches are used Compact Stellarators Allow Larger Plasmas Innovative Confinement Concepts CAT ‹ CTH Compact Auburn Torsatron becoming Compact Toroidal Hybrid HIT-II Auburn University, Auburn Alabama Helicity Injected Torus-II Experiment LDX University of Washington, Seattle SSPX Levitated Dipole Experiment Columbia University/Massachusetts Institute of Technology ET HSX Sustained Spheromak Electric Tokamak Helically Symmetric Experiment Plasma Experiment University of California, Los Angeles University of Wisconsin, Madison Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Inertial Fusion Energy o Defense Programs conducting high energy density physics using OMEGA, and NIKE lasers; National Ignition Facility under construction; results are used by Science in designing energy producing targets oSC developing components for energy applications, especially accelerator-based driver and target chamber technologies o Developing international collaboration through bilateral agreements Inertial Fusion Energy Options Targets Fuel Capsule Fuel Capsule Driver Energy Indirect-drive Direct-drive Drivers Heavy Ions KrF Laser Diode Pumped Solid State Laser Inertial Fusion Energy Experimental Facilities Quadrupole Focusing Assembly for New Heavy Ion Beam Experiments (Under construction at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab) Multi-beam Liquid wall chamber Transport protection flow Experiment experiment Lawrence Berkeley Georgia Tech National Lab Nanoscience and New Designs are Advancing Fusion Materials and Technologies Molecular Dynamics calculation of atomic Simplified blanket designs allow high displacements due to neutron impact. electrical efficiency and low radioactivity. Goal: Convert fusion power to electricity with high efficiency and minimum radioactivity. Fusion Energy Sciences Budget FY 2003 FY 2003 Congressional Initial Financial Plan $257.3 M $248.5 M General General Housekeeping* Housekeeping* Plasma Plasma $16.7 $18.8 Science Science $9.1 $8.9 Tokamak Tokamak $82.5 Theory $89.5 $27.6 Theory $27.1 Enabling Enabling R&D R&D $33.1 $34.8 IFE $16.5 IFE NSTX $17.1 NSTX $33.1 $29.6 Other Magnetic NCSX Other Magnetic Alternates Alternates $11.8 NCSX $22.6 $22.3 Alternates Alternates$11.7 $81.3 $76.4 * Housekeeping includes SBIR/STTR, GPE/GPP, TSTA cleanup, D-Site caretaking at PPPL, HBCU, Education, Outreach, ORNL Move, and Reserves Fusion Energy Sciences Funding Distribution FY 2003 Initial Fin Plan $248.5M Institution Types Functions Laboratory Universities 47% 28% Facility Operations Science 28% 55% Enabling Industry R&D 22% Other* 15% Small Business 3% Innovative Research 2% *NIST/NSF/NAS/AF Undesignated U.S. MFE Program Leaders Envision a Plan to Put Fusion on the Grid Integrated DEMO(s) Development ITER (int’l) 1 GWe Materials Testing IMFIF (int’l) Component Testing CTF (int’l?) Small net electricity? Non-nuclear Technology Test Facilities Tok PE’s S/C Tok PE(s) (non-U.S.) ST PoP’s 1st New PE Configuration RFP PoP’s Optimization 2nd New PE CS PoP S/C Stellarator PE’s (non-U.S.) CE’s ~ 2 New PoP’s 3rd New PE? 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2001 Being reviewed by FESAC.
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