DOCSLIB.ORG

Brain Microstructure Mapping Using Quantitative and Diffsusion MRI Alice Lebois

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Brain Microstructure Mapping Using Quantitative and Diffsusion MRI Alice Lebois Brain microstructure mapping using quantitative and diffsusion MRI Alice Lebois To cite this version: Alice Lebois. Brain microstructure mapping using quantitative and diffsusion MRI. Medical Physics [physics.med-ph]. Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. English. NNT : 2014PA112162. tel- 01063198 HAL Id: tel-01063198 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01063198 Submitted on 24 Sep 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITEPARIS-SUD´ ECOLE´ DOCTORALE : Sciences et Technologie de l’Information, des T´el´ecommunications et des Syst`emes LABORATOIRE: Unit´e d’Imagerie RMN et de Spectroscopie, NeuroSpin, CEA DISCIPLINE : Physique THESEDEDOCTORAT` Soutenue le 23/07/2014 par Alice LEBOIS Brain microstructure mapping using quantitative and diffusion MRI Directeur de th`ese : Cyril POUPON Directeur de Recherche (UNIRS) Composition du jury : Pr´esidente du Jury : Petra HUPPI Professeur (Universit´edeGen`eve) Rapporteurs : Emmanuel BARBIER Directeur de Recherche (Universit´eJ.F.deGrenoble) Christophe DESTRIEUX Directeur de Recherche (Universit´eF.R.deTours) Examinateurs : Daniel ALEXANDER Professeur (University College of London) Jean-Christophe GINEFRI Maˆıtre de Conf´erence (Universit´e Paris Sud) Membres invit´es : Denis LE BIHAN Directeur (NeuroSpin/CEA) Jean-Fran¸cois MANGIN Directeur de Recherche (NeuroSpin/CEA) Acknowledgements Je tiens tout d’abord `a remercier mon directeur de th`ese, Cyril Poupon qui a su m’encourager etmefaireconfiancetoutaulongdemath`ese : merci pour ton optimisme, ta gentillesse et ton aide dans les moments difficiles. Je remercie ´egalement tous les membres du jury, Drs Emmanuel Barbier et Christophe Destrieux pour l’int´erˆet qu’ils ont port´e`amonm´emoire de th`ese et leurs remarques constructives sur mon sujet, Drs Daniel Alexander, Petra H¨uppi et Jean-Christophe Ginefri, pour avoir accept´e de faire partie de ce jury et d’avoir fait le d´eplacement pour ma soutenance. Je remercie enfin Drs Denis Le Bihan et Jean-Fran¸cois Mangin pour avoir accept´e mon invitation `a cette soutenance. Mercia ` tout mon jury pour les questions et discussions lors de ma soutenance. Je voudrais remercier les personnes avec qui j’ai collabor´e : Irina qui m’a accueillie et encadr´ee la premi`ere ann´ee de ma th`ese, Ivana de l’University College of London mais aussi Chung Hung Yeh, (a.k.a Jimmy !) avec qui j’ai partag´eles derniers mois de sa th`ese et `a qui nous avons pu rendre visite `aTaiwangrˆace `a la bourse ORCHID. Plus un ami qu’un coll`egue, j’ai appr´eci´e les bons moments pass´es en ta pr´esence au laboratoire et `a Taiwan, ta gentillesse, ta patience et ton humour. Un grand merci `a tous mes coll`egues de Neurospin, `a commencer par mes coll`egues du laboratoire de diffusion : Fabrice, Refka, Alaitz, Anne, Cyril, Achille, Cyrille, V´eronique, Linda, Pamela, Josselin, Christine et surtout, mes trois (adorables !) coll`egues de bureau: Clarisse, Delphine et Urielle. Merci `atouset`a toutes pour votre bonne humeur, votre humour et votre gentillesse. Merci tout sp´ecialement `a Fabrice, pour son calme et ses conseils avis´es et pour avoir partag´e quelques s´eances de badminton et de tir `a l’arc avec nous. Merci `aV´eronique qui a su me transmettre son optimisme, sa sagesse et sa bonne humeur. Egalement merci `a Achille, Cyrille et Urielle pour les sorties et festivals qui m’ont permis de d´ecompresser au bon moment ! Je finis par mes remerciements `a Clarisse et Delphine, sans qui ces trois ans et demi auraient ´et´e bien plus difficiles. Merci `a vous pour votre amiti´e, pour nos longues discussions, nos sorties, nos fous rires, nos moments de joie, nos r´eflexions sur la vie, vos conseils, . Grˆace `a vous, cette exp´erience a ´et´e une r´eelle exp´erience humaine, o`uj’aiputrouverdevraiesamiesavec qui j’esp`ere pouvoir garder contact. Je n’oublierai certainement pas mes coll`egues qui, avec nous, ont partag´elemoment pr´ecieux du Glunch: Laurent, Marie-France, J´er´emy, Yann, Nathalie, Denis, Lionel. Merci `a vous tous pour ces grands moments et grandes discussions que nous avons pu partager autour d’une abondance de nourriture en tout genre qui en a ´etonn´e plus d’un ! i ii Merci `a vous, Yohanna et Dominique pour les potins et toutes ces discussions que nous avons pu avoir pendant ces trois ans. Merci aussi aux manips radio et infirmi`eres : Ga¨elle, Bernadette, V´eronique, Christine, S´everine D., S´everine R., Chantal et Laurence. Mercia ` vous d’avoir rendu agr´eables les moments pass´es `ala console, et merci sp´ecialement `a Chantal, pour tous ses conseils, pour son sourire quotidien et pour avoir accept´e de jouer au badminton avec moi ! Enfin, je remercie toutes les personnes que j’ai pu croiser et avec qui j’ai pu discuter durant mon passage `a NeuroSpin : Ileana, Julien, Benjamin, Nadya, Alfredo, Aur´elien, Alexis, Nicolas, Fawzi, Luisa, Boucif, ... Je souhaite ´egalement remercier mes ami(e)s du lyc´ee et de fac qui m’ont support´ee moralement : Laetitia, Justine, Olga, H´eloise, Soraya, R´emi et St´ephane. J’aimerais dire aussi un immense mercia ` ma famille et `a ma belle-famille sans qui tout aurait ´et´e aussi tr`es dur. Merci `a vous, Maman et Papa, votre soutien `atousles deux m’a ´et´etr`es pr´ecieux. Merciatoi,F´ ` elix, pour tes conseils de grand fr`ere et pour m’avoir remont´e le moral et donn´e confiance en moi. Merci `a vous, Coco et Doudou, pour votre pr´esence, votre gentillesse, votre sagesse, vous avez su m’accompagner dans chaque ´etape de ma vie. Merci ´egalement `a mes tantes, Tata Monique, Tata Cathy et Tata Sylvie ainsi qu’`a mes cousins. J’ai ´egalement une pens´ee pour ma grand-m`ere, M´em´e Lucette qui nous a quitt´es en Aoˆut dernier mais dont la bonne humeur et les bons petits plats ont ponctu´e ces ann´ees de th`ese. MerciaVal´ ` erie, Bertrand, Manon, Chlo´e, Geoffrey, Chantal, Pierre, Madeleine, Patrice, Christophe, Fabienne, Sam et toute ma belle famille pour les discussions et le soutien qu’ils m’ont apport´e lors des week-ends pass´es en Normandie. Finalement, je remercie tout sp´ecialement Quentin, qui m´erite certainement un diplˆome pour avoir support´e mes moments de questionnement et de stress durant ces trois ans. Merci `a toi, pour ton immense patience, ta gentillesse et ta tendresse. Je d´edie cette th`ese `a mes grands-parents, Jeannine et Roland alias Coco et Doudou, qui m’ont tant apport´e. Contents Acknowledgements i Contents iii List of Figures x List of Tables xvi Symbols xvii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Context ..................................... 1 1.2 Motivations ................................... 2 1.3 Thesis organization ............................... 4 1.3.1 Chapitre 2: Human Brain Anatomy ................. 4 1.3.2 Chapitre 3: MRI modalities dedicated to tissue microstructure .. 4 1.3.3 Chapitre 4: Brain white matter relaxometric atlases ........ 5 1.3.4 Chapitre 5: Microstructure mapping using diffusion MRI ..... 5 1.3.5 Chapitre 6: Brain microstructure mapping ............. 5 1.3.6 Chapter 7: Conclusion and future work ............... 5 2 Human Brain Anatomy 6 2.1 Introduction ................................... 6 2.2 Macroscopic Anatomy ............................. 6 2.3 Global description .............................. 6 2.4 Cortex lobes, gyri, and sulci ......................... 7 2.4.1 Frontal lobe ............................... 8 2.4.2 Parietal lobe ............................. 8 2.4.3 Occipital lobe ............................. 8 2.4.4 Temporal lobe ............................. 8 2.4.5 Insula and limbic lobe ......................... 9 2.4.6 Brodmann areas ........................... 9 2.5 Internal anatomy ............................... 10 2.5.1 Blood supply of the brain ...................... 10 2.5.2 Ventricles ............................... 10 2.5.3 Grey matter .............................. 11 iii Contents iv 2.5.3.1 Nuclei of the cerebellum, the brain stem and the mes- encephalon .......................... 11 2.5.3.2 Grey matter of the diencephalon ............. 11 2.5.3.3 Grey matter of the telencephalon ............. 12 Deep nuclei ........................... 12 Cortex .............................. 12 2.5.4 White matter ............................. 13 2.5.4.1 Projection fibers ....................... 13 2.5.4.2 Association fibers ...................... 14 2.5.4.3 Interhemispheric commissures ............... 15 2.6 Brain tissue microstructure .......................... 15 2.6.1 Brain cells ................................ 16 2.6.1.1 Neurons ........................... 16 2.6.1.2 Oligodendrocytes ...................... 17 2.6.1.3 Astrocytes ......................... 18 2.6.1.4 Microglia .......................... 18 2.6.2 Cortex histology ........................... 18 2.6.3 White matter histology ........................ 20 2.7 Brain diseases and microstructure ...................... 20 2.8 Conclusion ................................... 21 3 MRI modalities dedicated to the study of tissue microstructure 22 3.1 Introduction ................................... 22 3.2 Principles of magnetic resonance imaging .................. 23 3.2.1 Magnetic resonance phenomenon ................... 23 3.2.1.1 Magnetic moments of protons ............... 23 3.2.1.2 Equilibrium state in the presence of a magnetic field B0 24 3.2.1.3 Perturbation of the equilibrium by a radio frequence B1 : excitation ......................... 24 3.2.1.4 Bloch equations, T1 and T2 relaxation times ....... 25 3.2.1.5 T1 and T2 relaxation times for different tissues and dif- ferent fields .......................... 27 3.2.2 Origin of the signal acquired in MRI ................ 27 3.2.3 From FID to image .......................... 29 3.2.4 Spatial encoding ...........................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dr. Peter Basser
    Dr. Peter Basser Office of NIH History Oral History Program Transcript Date: March 15, 2005 Prepared by: National Capitol Captioning, LLC 820 South Lincoln Street Arlington, VA 22204 703-920-2400 Dr. Peter Basser Interview page 1 of 16 Office of NIH History Dr. Peter Basser Interview Claudia Wassmann: This is Claudia Wassmann and today’s date is Wednesday March 2, 2005. I’m conducting an interview with Dr. Peter Basser. [break in audio] CW: [laugh] You don’t have a problem with this, but I do. So you had just started telling me everything I wanted to know – Peter Basser: Okay. CW: -- so I’m hoping you will repeat it. PB: Okay, okay. Well you asked me when I came here and it was – I had formally came in 1986 but I didn’t start working here until 1987, and it was in the biomedical engineering – called the Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation Program at that time, and I was hired in the mechanical engineering section and my background had been in fluid mechanics and medical equipment development graduate school and I expected to do similar kinds of activities here at the NIH, but as I had mentioned before, the opportunities to do that were becoming more and more limited because physiology and cell biology were at that time in the decline, and molecular biology was becoming the dominant activity here on campus. And so increasingly there were fewer and fewer opportunities with people with engineering backgrounds to find a meaningful set of research activities to be involved in on campus.
    [Show full text]
  • Présentation Denis Le Bihan/Prix Louis D
    Le Cerveau de Cristal Denis Le Bihan NeuroSpin, CEA-Saclay, France IMAGERIE PAR RESONANCE MAGNETIQUE L’eau: une source de signal pour de multiples contrastesWATER: 90% of molecules, 70% body weight EAU (noyau hydrogène) Radiologues: Magiciens manipulant l’aimantation de l’EAU (et sa relaxation)! IRM: image virtuelle de l’aimantation des molécules d’eau du cerveau D. Le Bihan Nov 2012 Le cerveau…. Une organisation par régions La révolution de l’image… filleCouplage de la physique entre localisation et de l’informatique et fonction (Broca, circa 1861) 1972-82: Scanner-X, puis IRM: Le cerveau normal dissection virtuelle du cerveau malade Un des secrets du cerveau réside dans son architecture: fonction et localisation sont intimementD. Le Bihan Nov 2012 liés, à toutes les échelles, d’où l’importance de la neuroimagerie… Development of the central nervous system At birth the brain weight is 350g (1400g at the end of teenagehood) ALL neurons (100 billions…) are in place, mainly F. Brunelle et al. Necker Hosp. at the brain surface (2-4 mm cortical ribbon): production of more than 250,000 neurons per minute during pregnancy. Connexions (synapses) develop during the last months of pregnancy, up to about 500 synapses/neuron (>10 000 in adults) 27 weeks 24 weeks Gray matter M. Dhenain, E. Russel et al. Caltech (Mangin, Cachia at al.) High 3D resolution -fine anatomy Mouse-individual embryo: 13.5 variations days after conception (11.7T MRI) No ionizing radiations: -imaging in babies, children 32 weeks Mouse brain: 1gram! White matter D. Le Bihan Nov 2012 100 millions neurons… Hypertrophy of hippocampus in London taxi drivers Gènes, Environnement & Plasticité Long term platicity Maguire et al., PNAS, 2000 The pianist’s brain Plasticity & learning: Jugglers Short term plasticity La Timone Hospital + SHFJ/CEA + McGill University (ICBM) Draganski et al., Nature, 2004 D.
    [Show full text]
  • Imaging Glioma Infiltr
    TSPO-PET and diffusion-weighted MRI for imaging a mouse model of infiltrative human glioma Running title: Imaging glioma infiltration Hayet Pigeon, Elodie Pérès, Charles Truillet, Benoît Jego, Fawzi Boumezbeur, Fabien Caillé, Bastian Zinnhardt, Andreas Jacobs, Denis Le Bihan, Alexandra Winkeler To cite this version: Hayet Pigeon, Elodie Pérès, Charles Truillet, Benoît Jego, Fawzi Boumezbeur, et al.. TSPO-PET and diffusion-weighted MRI for imaging a mouse model of infiltrative human glioma Running title: Imaging glioma infiltration. Neuro-Oncology, Oxford University Press (OUP), 2019, 6, pp.755-764. 10.1093/neuonc/noz029. cea-02070811 HAL Id: cea-02070811 https://hal-cea.archives-ouvertes.fr/cea-02070811 Submitted on 18 Mar 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. N-O-D-18-00621R1 TSPO-PET and diffusion-weighted MRI for imaging a mouse model of infiltrative human glioma Running title: Imaging glioma infiltration Hayet Pigeon, Elodie A. Pérès, Charles Truillet, Benoit Jego, Fawzi Boumezbeur, Fabien Caillé, Bastian Zinnhardt, Andreas H.
    [Show full text]
  • Advances in Neuroimaging of Traumatic Brain Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
    Volume 46, Number 6, 2009 JRRDJRRD Pages 717–756 Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development Advances in neuroimaging of traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder Robert W. Van Boven, MD, DDS;1* Greg S. Harrington, PhD;1 David B. Hackney, MD;2 Andreas Ebel, PhD;3 Grant Gauger, MD;4 J. Douglas Bremner, MD;5 Mark D’Esposito, MD;6 John A. Detre, MD;7 E. Mark Haacke, PhD;8 Clifford R. Jack Jr, MD;9 William J. Jagust, MD;10 Denis Le Bihan, MD, PhD;11 Chester A. Mathis, PhD;12 Susanne Mueller, MD;3 Pratik Mukherjee, MD;13 Norbert Schuff, PhD;3 Anthony Chen, MD;13–14 Michael W. Weiner, MD3,13 1The Brain Imaging and Recovery Laboratory, Central Texas Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Austin, TX; 2Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; 3University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; 4UCSF, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; 5Emory Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA; 6Henry H. Wheeler Jr Brain Imaging Center, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; 7Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology and Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; 8The Magnetic Resonance Imaging Institute for Biomedical Research, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; 9Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; 10Helen Wills Neuroscience
    [Show full text]
  • Fast Reproducible Identification and Large-Scale Databasing of Individual
    Fast reproducible identification and large-scale databasing of individual functional cognitive networks Philippe Pinel, Bertrand Thirion, Sébastien Meriaux, Antoinette Jobert, Julien Serres, Denis Le Bihan, Jean-Baptiste Poline, Stanislas Dehaene To cite this version: Philippe Pinel, Bertrand Thirion, Sébastien Meriaux, Antoinette Jobert, Julien Serres, et al.. Fast re- producible identification and large-scale databasing of individual functional cognitive networks. BMC Neuroscience, BioMed Central, 2007, 8 (1), pp.91. 10.1186/1471-2202-8-91. hal-00784462 HAL Id: hal-00784462 https://hal.inria.fr/hal-00784462 Submitted on 4 Feb 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. BMC Neuroscience BioMed Central Research article Open Access Fast reproducible identification and large-scale databasing of individual functional cognitive networks Philippe Pinel*1,2,3, Bertrand Thirion4, Sébastien Meriaux5, Antoinette Jobert1,2,3, Julien Serres6, Denis Le Bihan5, Jean-Baptiste Poline5 and Stanislas Dehaene1,2,3,7 Address: 1INSERM U562/ IFR 49, Cognitive
    [Show full text]
  • Awarded the 2014 Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine
    PRESS RELEASE Geneva, January 21, 2014 2014 LOUIS-JEANTET PRIZE FOR MEDICINE The 2014 LOUIS-JEANTET PRIZE FOR MEDICINE is awarded to the Italian biochemist Elena Conti, Director of the Department of Structural Cell Biology at the Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry in Munich (Germany) and to Denis Le Bihan, the French medical doctor, physicist and Director of NeuroSpin, an institute at the French Nuclear and Renewable Energy Commission (CEA) at Saclay near Paris. The LOUIS-JEANTET FOUNDATION grants the sum of CHF 700'000 for each of the two 2014 prizes, of which CHF 625'000 is for the continuation of the prize-winner's work and CHF 75’000 for their personal use. THE PRIZE-WINNERS are conducting fundamental biological research which is expected to be of considerable significance for medicine. ELENA CONTI is awarded the 2014 Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine for her important contributions to understanding the mechanisms governing ribonucleic acid (RNA) quality, transport and degradation. In order to function properly, our cells need to degrade macromolecules that are faulty or no longer needed. The biochemist deciphered at the level of atomic resolution how faulty RNAs are recognized and eliminated. Notably, her group deciphered the three-dimensional architecture and molecular mechanisms of the exosome, a multiprotein complex that recognizes and degrades RNAs. The work revealed that several principles of the mechanism of this essential nano-machine are conserved in different forms of life. Elena Conti will use the prize money to conduct further research into the structure and regulation of the exosome. DENIS LE BIHAN is awarded the 2014 Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine for the development of a new imaging method that has revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of strokes.
    [Show full text]
  • Diagnostic Imaging
    03/07 Brain imaging specialists concentrate on connectivity, activation, and microangiopa... Page 1 of 3 http://www.dimag.com/ecr2007/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=197801089&cid=ECR-webca... 3/9/2007 03/07 Brain imaging specialists concentrate on connectivity, activation, and microangiopa... Page 2 of 3 Table of Contents Home Scottish researchers probe link between Brain imaging specialists concentrate on gadolinium and nephrogenic systemic connectivity, activation, and fibrosis microangiopathies Study uses fMRI to pry into consumer likes and dislikes By: Karen Sandrick Compression shrinks digital Profound improvements in perfusion and diffusion tensor imaging over the mammograms down to practical size past few decades are changing the ways in which radiologists understand disease processes, especially those involving small blood vessels in the brai Europeans scramble to thwart according to Dr. Jonathan Gillard of Cambridge University Hospital in the U. electromagnetic threshold law Advancements such as diffusion MRI are now current practice, both for Dementia drugs give impetus to early assessing the extent of acute ischemic disease to speed the treatment of and accurate diagnosis stroke patients and for mapping white-matter fibers to identify for neurosurgeons which parts of the brain are functional and should not be Multislice CT and microbubble touched during surgery, explained Dr. Denis Le Bihan, from NeuroSpin, CEA sonography target inflammation in the Saclay Center in Paris. small bowel Future directions for diffusion MRI are not yet clear, but there are two Drive for greater quality moves away potential applications, he said. The first relates to problems in communicatio from blame culture to better systems between various parts of the brain when, for example, the frontal lobe is no talking to the hippocampus or not talking in the right way.
    [Show full text]
  • CT, MRI, and DTI a Filler
    The Internet Journal of Neurosurgery ISPUB.COM Volume 7 Number 1 The History, Development and Impact of Computed Imaging in Neurological Diagnosis and Neurosurgery: CT, MRI, and DTI A Filler Citation A Filler. The History, Development and Impact of Computed Imaging in Neurological Diagnosis and Neurosurgery: CT, MRI, and DTI. The Internet Journal of Neurosurgery. 2009 Volume 7 Number 1. Abstract A steady series of advances in physics, mathematics, computers and clinical imaging science have progressively transformed diagnosis and treatment of neurological and neurosurgical disorders in the 115 years between the discovery of the X-ray and the advent of high resolution diffusion based functional MRI. The story of the progress in human terms, with its battles for priorities, forgotten advances, competing claims, public battles for Nobel Prizes, and patent priority litigations bring alive the human drama of this remarkable collective achievement in computed medical imaging. BACKGROUND shimmering appearance on a computer screen of a view of Atkinson Morley's Hospital is a small Victorian era hospital the human body that no one else had seen before. building standing high on a hill top in Wimbledon, about 8 Because of the complexity of computed imaging techniques, miles southwest of the original St. George's Hospital their history has remarkable depth and breadth. The building site in central London. On October 1, 1971 Godfrey mathematical basis of MRI relies on the work of Fourier - Hounsfield and Jamie Ambrose positioned a patient inside a which he started in Cairo while serving as a scientific new machine in the basement of the hospital turned a switch participant in Napoleon's invasion of Egypt in 1801.
    [Show full text]
  • Press Release 2014 Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine
    PRESS RELEASE STRICT EMBARGO UNTIL TUESDAY 21 JANUARY 2014, 18.00 CET 2014 LOUIS-JEANTET PRIZE FOR MEDICINE The 2014 LOUIS-JEANTET PRIZE FOR MEDICINE is awarded to the Italian biochemist Elena Conti, Director of the Department of Structural Cell Biology at the Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry in Munich (Germany) and to Denis Le Bihan, the French medical doctor, physicist and Director of NeuroSpin, an institute at the French Nuclear and Renewable Energy Commission (CEA) at Saclay near Paris. The LOUIS-JEANTET FOUNDATION grants the sum of CHF 700'000 for each of the two 2014 prizes, of which CHF 625'000 is for the continuation of the prize-winner's work and CHF 75’000 for their personal use. THE PRIZE-WINNERS are conducting fundamental biological research which is expected to be of considerable significance for medicine. ELENA CONTI is awarded the 2014 Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine for her important contributions to understanding the mechanisms governing ribonucleic acid (RNA) quality, transport and degradation. In order to function properly, our cells need to degrade macromolecules that are faulty or no longer needed. The biochemist deciphered at the level of atomic resolution how faulty RNAs are recognized and eliminated. Notably, her group deciphered the three-dimensional architecture and molecular mechanisms of the exosome, a multiprotein complex that recognizes and degrades RNAs. The work revealed that several principles of the mechanism of this essential nano-machine are conserved in different forms of life. Elena Conti will use the prize money to conduct further research into the structure and regulation of the exosome.
    [Show full text]
  • Présentation Denis Le Bihan/Prix Louis D
    CERN, December 9th, 2016 From the Proton to the Human Brain Denis Le Bihan NeuroSpin, CEA-Saclay, France The radiology revolution from dried bones… …. to wet tissues CT Roentgen Hounsfield Roentgen First Physics Nobel Prize 1901 Nobel Prize in Medicine MRI and Physiology, 1979 X-rays and wet tissues: When physics married computer sciences “Röntgen photography” plaque published in 1896 "Nouvelle Iconographie de la Salpetriere", D. Le Bihan Dec. 2016 Coupling between localization & function (Broca, circa 1861) D. Le Bihan Dec. 2016 Coupling between localization & function (Broca, circa 1861) MRI: Magnetic avatar of brain water…. Virtual dissection of the brain Looking into the brain MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING D. Le Bihan Dec. 2016 The song of the water molecules Coupling between localization & function (Broca, circa 1861) MRI: Magnetic avatar of brain water…. Virtual dissection of the brain Looking into the brain MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING D. Le Bihan Dec. 2016 The song of the water molecules MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING The song of the water molecules Hypertrophy of hippocampus in London taxi drivers Long term platicity Maguire et al., La Timone Hospital SHFJ/CEA PNAS, 2000 McGill University (ICBM) Hippocampus: Inner brain « GPS » D. Le Bihan Dec. 2016 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING The song of the water molecules Hypertrophy of hippocampus in London taxi drivers Long term platicity Maguire et al., La Timone Hospital SHFJ/CEA PNAS, 2000 McGill University (ICBM) Hippocampus: Inner brain « GPS » Hypotrophy of hippocampus in Alzheimer patients D. Le Bihan Dec. 2016 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING The song of the water molecules Hypertrophy of hippocampus in London taxi drivers Long term platicity Maguire et al., La Timone Hospital SHFJ/CEA PNAS, 2000 McGill University (ICBM) Hippocampus: Inner brain « GPS » Hypotrophy of The pianist’s brainhippocampus in Alzheimer patients Whitaker KJ PNAS 2016 Plasticity: The baby’s brain D.Genes Le Bihan Dec, .
    [Show full text]
  • Diffusion MRI Reveals in Vivo and Non-Invasively Changes in Astrocyte Function Induced by an Aquaporin-4 Inhibitor
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.13.947291; this version posted February 13, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Diffusion MRI reveals in vivo and non- 2 invasively changes in astrocyte function 3 induced by an aquaporin-4 inhibitor. 4 Clément S. Debaker1, Boucif Djemai1, Luisa Ciobanu1, Tomokazu Tsurugizawa1*, Denis Le Bihan1* 5 1 NeuroSpin, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France 6 7 *Corresponding authors. 8 Denis Le Bihan 9 NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives -Saclay Center, 10 Bât 145, Point Courrier 156, 11 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. 12 phone: +33 1 69 08 81 97 13 e-mail: [email protected]. 14 Tomokazu Tsurugizawa 15 NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives -Saclay Center, 16 Bât 145, Point Courrier 156, 17 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. 18 phone: +33 1 69 08 94 83 19 e-mail : [email protected]. 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.13.947291; this version posted February 13, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 20 Abstract 21 The Glymphatic System (GS) has been proposed as a mechanism to clear brain tissue from waste.
    [Show full text]
  • Présentation Denis Le Bihan/Prix Louis D
    •NEUROSPIN A Translational Research Infrastructure for brain Investigating the Human Brain imaging using Ultra High Field MRI Neurosciences… Neurology/neurosurgery Brain (organ) structure & function Development, aging, rehabilitation Psychiatry, mind disorders Person level (health care) Social/cultural behaviors, art… Human-machine interfaces Learning, education Interaction, society level Neuroimaging:A multiscale approach Yesterday & today: macroscopic functional 1000 architecture of the brain: millimeters MACRO -Functional MRI:Cognitive codes -Diffusion MRI:Connections Today & tomorrow: Genes and brain, environment 20-25 103 genes (1010 bits), but 1011 neurons & 1015 synapses MESO Tomorrow, the « neural code»? Mesoscopic structure-function relationship MICRO « Health2001» aims NeuroSpin: Founding Motto Early2009detection Japanof diseasesRIKEN( ALZ,BSI Director psychiatryvision) Rehabilitation2013/reprogramming EU Flasghip HBP(« stroke Project», injuries) 2013 Obama’s Brain Activity Map Project 0.000001 millimeter Mesoscale & MRI(~100mm): Structure & Function Instruments are key to groundbreaking science: Pushing the limits of MRI Large Instruments concept High energy, particles physics CERN CERN, RIKEN, etc. Astronomy and astrophysics Hubble telescope, Huygens-Cassini probe Neuro-physics NeuroSpin (20012007) WHEN ART Aimed at ultra-high field MRI systems: MEETS3T MRI - 3T, 7T wide-bore for human studies 7T MRI , 11.74T SCIENCE: 11.7T MRI 11.7T MRI - 11.7T (primates) and 17.6T (rodents) NEUROSPI 7T MRI 17T MRI N ARCHES NeuroSpin/CEA 90cm bore 11.74TMRI magnet (world 1st, France-German Iseult Project) Human brain explorer 11.7T Human MRI magnet Paris metro! Poupon et al. (Connectomist/NeuroSpin) 1984: CONCEPTION OF WATER DIFFUSION MRI Infering microstructure from macroscopic resolution (virtual biopsy) Breast cancer: Lesion detection and staging Prediction of infact growth and clinical outcome based on water diffusion Rosso et al.
    [Show full text]