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Water Quality Monitoring of Rivers: the Nationwide Lockdown

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Water Quality Monitoring of Rivers: the Nationwide Lockdown Jan 2021 Water Quality Monitoring of Rivers The Nationwide Lockdown (25.03.2020 – 17.05.2020) Central Water Commission RDC-II Directorate Water Quality Monitoring of Rivers: The Nationwide Lockdown RIVER DATA COMPILATION-II DIRECTORATE CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT & GANGA REJUVNATION MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI GUIDANCE SHRI READING SHIMRAY, CHIEF ENGINEER (PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT), CWC, NEW DELHI SHRI PANKAJ KUMAR SHARMA, DIRECTOR, RDC-II DIRECTORATE, CWC, NEW DELHI SHRI RAKESH KUMAR GUPTA, DEPUTY DIRECTOR, RDC-II DIRECTORATE, CWC, NEW DELHI PREPARED BY DR. SAKSHI SHARMA, SENIOR RESEARCH ASSISTANT, RDC-II DIRECTORATE, CWC, NEW DELHI DR. N. PRABHAKAR RAO, SENIOR RESEARCH ASSISTANT, RDC-II DIRECTORATE, CWC, NEW DELHI ANALYSIS AND SAMPLING ALL FIELD ORGANISATIONS (List given at the last page) CONTENTS S.NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 IMPORTANCE OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS 3 3 WATER QUALITY STANDARDS 10 4 RIVER WATER QUALITY MONITORING BY CWC 13 5 STUDY AREA 21 6 STATUS OF WATER QUALITY 23 7 SUMMARY: BASIN-WISE 62 8 CONCLUSIONS 91 9 WAY FORWARD 94 10 REFERENCES 95 ANNEXURE I LIST OF WATER QUALITY LABORATORIES IN CWC 96 ANNEXURE II LIST OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS ANALYSED BY 97 CWC IN LEVEL-I, II AND III LABORATORIES LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1a Water quality network of CWC 13 Figure 1b Map showing the basin-wise no. of water quality sites 15 monitored by CWC Figure 1c Map showing the state-wise no. of water quality sites 17 monitored by CWC Figure 2 Water quality laboratories of CWC 20 Figure 3 Water Quality (WQ) stations monitored during the lockdown 21 on important rivers covering all the major river basin of India Figure 4a Graph showing the Status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers 23 in terms of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Figure 4b Map showing the Status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in 24 terms of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Figure 5a Graph showing the status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in 26 terms of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Figure 5b Map showing the status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in 27 terms of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Figure 6a Graph showing the status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in 30 terms of Total Coliform Figure 6b Map showing the status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in 31 terms of Total Coliform Figure 7a Graph showing the status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in 33 terms of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Figure 7a Map showing the status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in 34 terms of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Figure 8a Graph showing the status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in 36 terms of pH Figure 8b Map showing the status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in 37 terms of pH Figure 9a Graph showing the status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in 40 terms of Electrical Conductivity (EC) Figure 9b Map showing the status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in 41 terms of Electrical Conductivity (EC) Figure 10a Graph showing the status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in 44 terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Figure 10b Map showing the status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in 45 terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Figure 11a Graph showing the status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in 47 terms of Total Hardness Figure 11b Map showing the status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in 48 terms of Total Hardness Figure 12a Graph showing the status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in 50 terms of Turbidity Figure 12b Map showing the status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in 51 terms of Turbidity Figure 13a Graph showing the status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in 53 terms of Fluoride Figure 13b Map showing the status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in 54 terms of Fluoride Figure 14a Graph showing the status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in 56 terms of Chloride Figure 14b Map showing the status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in 57 terms of Chloride Figure 15a Graph showing the status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in 59 terms of Alkalinity Figure 15b Map showing the status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in 60 terms of Alkalinity Figure 16 Map showing the water quality sites of River Brahmaputra 62 monitored during lockdown Figure 17 Map showing the water quality sites of River Brahmani 63 monitored during lockdown Figure 18 Map showing the water quality sites of River Baitarani 64 monitored during lockdown Figure 19 Map showing the water quality sites of River Cauvery 65 monitored during lockdown Figure 20 Map showing the water quality sites of River Arkavathi 66 monitored during lockdown Figure 21 Map showing the water quality sites of River Noyyal 67 monitored during lockdown Figure 22 Map showing the water quality sites of River Ganga 68 monitored during lockdown Figure 23 Map showing the water quality sites of River Yamuna 70 monitored during lockdown Figure 24 Map showing the water quality sites of River Gomti 71 monitored during lockdown Figure 25 Map showing the water quality sites of River Mahananda 72 monitored during lockdown Figure 26 Map showing the water quality sites of River Bhagirathi 73 monitored during lockdown Figure 27 Map showing the water quality sites of River Tons monitored 74 during lockdown Figure 28 Map showing the water quality sites of River Ghaghara 75 monitored during lockdown Figure 29 Map showing the water quality sites of River Rapti monitored 76 during lockdown Figure 30 Map showing the water quality sites of River Godavari 77 monitored during lockdown Figure 31 Map showing the water quality sites of River Indravati 78 monitored during lockdown Figure 32 Map showing the water quality sites of River Wainganga 79 monitored during lockdown Figure 33 Map showing the water quality sites of River Wardha 80 monitored during lockdown Figure 34 Map showing the water quality sites of River Chenab 81 monitored during lockdown Figure 35 Map showing the water quality sites of River Tawi monitored 82 during lockdown Figure 36 Map showing the water quality sites of River Krishna 83 monitored during lockdown Figure 37 Map showing the water quality sites of River Musi monitored 84 during lockdown Figure 38 Map showing the water quality sites of River Mahi monitored 85 during lockdown Figure 39 Map showing the water quality sites of River Mahanadi 86 monitored during lockdown Figure 40 Map showing the water quality sites of River Narmada 87 monitored during lockdown Figure 41 Map showing the water quality sites of River Periyar 88 monitored during lockdown Figure 42 Map showing the water quality sites of River Sabarmati 89 monitored during lockdown Figure 43 Map showing the water quality sites of River Subarnarekha 90 monitored during lockdown Figure 44 Graph showing the overall water quality status 91 Figure 45 Graphs showing analysis results as per CPCB standards for 93 Designated Best Use LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Designated Best Uses of Water by CPCB 11 Table 2 Drinking Water Quality Standards, BIS: 10500, 2012 12 Table 3 Organisation–wise distribution of Water Quality Sites of 14 CWC Table 4 Basin-wise water-quality stations monitored by CWC 16 Table 5 State–wise distribution of Water Quality Sites of CWC 18 Table 6 Basin wise stations for Water Quality (WQ) monitored 22 during the lockdown Table 7 Status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in terms of 25 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). Table 8 Status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in terms of 28 Dissolved Oxygen (DO). Table 9 Status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in terms of Total 32 Coliform Table 10 Status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in terms of Total 35 Dissolved Solids (TDS). Table 11 Status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in terms of pH 38 Table 12 Status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in terms of 42 Electrical Conductivity (EC). Table 13 Status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in terms of 46 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Table 14 Status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in terms of Total 49 Hardness Table 15 Status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in terms of 52 Turbidity Table 16 Status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in terms of 55 Fluoride Table 17 Status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in terms of 58 Chloride Table 18 Status of Water Quality in Indian Rivers in terms of 61 Alkalinity Table 19 Status of Water Quality of Brahmaputra River during 62 Lockdown Table 20 Status of Water Quality of Brahmani River during 63 Lockdown Table 21 Status of Water Quality of Baitarani River during 64 Lockdown Table 22 Status of Water Quality of Cauvery River during 65 Lockdown Table 23 Status of Water Quality of Arkavathi River during 66 Lockdown Table 24 Status of Water Quality of Noyyal River during Lockdown 67 Table 25 Status of Water Quality of Ganga River during Lockdown 69 Table 26 Status of Water Quality of Yamuna River during 70 Lockdown Table 27 Status of Water Quality of Gomti River during Lockdown 71 Table 28 Status of Water Quality of Mahananda River during 72 Lockdown Table 29 Status of Water Quality of Tons River during Lockdown 74 Table 30 Status of Water Quality of Godavari River during 77 Lockdown Table 31 Status of Water Quality of Indravati River during 78 Lockdown Table 32 Status of Water Quality of Wainganga River during 79 Lockdown Table 33 Status of Water Quality of Wardha River during 80 Lockdown Table 34 Status of Water Quality of Chenab River during Lockdown 81 Table 35 Status of Water Quality of Tawi River during Lockdown 82 Table 36 Status of Water Quality of Krishna River during 83 Lockdown Table 37 Status of Water Quality of Mahi River during Lockdown 85 Table 38 Status of Water Quality of Subarnarekha River during 90 Lockdown Table 39 Overall status of water quality during Lockdown 92 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Central Water Commission (CWC) is monitoring river water quality at 658 key stations covering all the important river basins of India.
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