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Evidence-Based Psychological Interventions FOURTH EDITION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DISCLAIMER and COPYRIGHT

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Evidence-Based Psychological Interventions FOURTH EDITION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DISCLAIMER and COPYRIGHT 1 Evidence-based Psychological Interventions FOURTH EDITION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DISCLAIMER AND COPYRIGHT This review has been produced by the Australian Psychological This publication was produced by The Australian Society (APS) with funding from the Australian Government Psychological Society Limited (APS) as a resource to guide Department of Health. The APS project team comprised: the provision of services to people with mental disorders. Mr Harry Lovelock Ms Marguerite Hone The information provided does not and cannot replace clinical judgment and decision making. Although every Dr Rebecca Mathews Mr Adam Vujic reasonable effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of Dr Louise Roufeil Ms Laura Sciacchitano the information, no guarantee can be given that the Mr Fletcher Curnow Ms Selena Meneghini information is free from error or omission. The APS, its officers, employees, and agents will accept no liability for List of reviewers any act or omission occurring from reliance on the Assoc Prof Rocco Crino Mr Tony McHugh information provided, or for the consequences of any such act or omission. The APS does not accept any liability for Dr Mandy Deeks Prof Greg Murray any injury, loss, or damage incurred by use of or reliance on Dr John Farhall Dr Lyn O’Grady information in this document. Such damages include, Mr Stephen Hirneth Assoc Prof Amanda Richdale without limitation, damages that might be regarded as direct, Dr Catherine Hynes Dr Susette Sowden indirect, special, incidental, or consequential. Dr Moira Junge Dr Caroline Stevenson Assoc Prof Nikolaos Kazantzis Prof John Toumbourou Assoc Prof Chris Lee Prof Tracey Wade Any reproduction of this material must acknowledge the Ms Tracy MacFarlane Dr Simon Wilksch APS as the source of selected passage(s), extract(s), or Prof Marita McCabe Dr Hollie Wilson other information or material reproduced. For reproduction Prof Peter McEvoy or publication beyond that permitted by the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), permission should be sought in writing. Input was also sought from the following key stakeholders: • Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW) Copyright © 2018 The Australian Psychological Society Ltd. • Occupational Therapy Australia (OTA) • Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) • Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) Table of Contents ABBREVIATIONS 4 REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH LITERATURE 5 ESTABLISHING AN EVIDENCE BASE 11 METHODOLOGY 13 PRESENTATION OF THE LITERATURE 15 SUMMARY TABLE: ADULTS 16 SUMMARY TABLE: CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 17 MENTAL DISORDERS: ADULTS 19 MENTAL DISORDERS: CHILDREN & ADOLESCENTS 125 3 Abbreviations ABBT Acceptance-based behaviour therapy MAGT Mindfulness and acceptance based group therapy ACT Acceptance and commitment therapy MANTRA Maudsley Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for ADHD Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Adults BDD Body dysmorphic disorder MBCT Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy BED Binge eating disorder MBRP Mindfulness-based relapse prevention BMI Body mass index MBSR Mindfulness-based stress reduction BPD Borderline personality disorder MCT Metacognitive therapy CAT Cognitive analytic therapy MDFT Multidimensional family therapy CBGT Cognitive behavioural group therapy MET Motivational enhancement therapy CBT Cognitive behaviour therapy MFGP Multifamily group psychoeducation CRT Cognitive remediation therapy MI Motivational interviewing DBT Dialectical behaviour therapy MST Multisystemic family-focused therapy DDP Dynamic deconstructive psychotherapy NOS Not otherwise specified DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental OCD Obsessive compulsive disorder Disorders PCT-A Panic control treatment for adolescents EDNOS Eating disorder not otherwise specified PHN Primary Health Networks EFT Emotion-focused therapy PST Problem-solving therapy EMDR Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing PTSD Posttraumatic stress disorder ERP Exposure response prevention RCT Randomised controlled/clinical trial FI Family intervention SAD Social anxiety disorder FPT Focal psychodynamic therapy SFBT Solution-focused brief therapy GAD Generalised anxiety disorder SFT Solution-focused therapy ICD International Classification of Diseases SSRI Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors IPSRT Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy TAU Treatment as usual IPT Interpersonal therapy IUT Intolerance of uncertainty therapy 4 Evidence-based Psychological Interventions FOURTH EDITION Review of the Research Literature BACKGROUND This review is intended to provide the latest evidence about a range of psychological interventions for the This document is a systematic review undertaken to treatment of mental disorders to assist in decision update the APS document Evidence-Based making about optimal mental health treatment. This Psychological Interventions in the Treatment of Mental should support the work of the PHNs as well as mental Disorders: A Literature Review (3rd edition). This review health professionals providing psychological was first conducted in 2003 in the context of the interventions under Better Access and other government- Australian government’s Better Outcomes in Mental funded mental health initiatives. Health Care initiative. It was updated in 2006 and again in 2010 with consideration of the introduction of primary Information is provided as part of a narrative review with healthcare services through the Access to Allied an expert synthesis of the research findings and Psychological Services (ATAPS) and Better Outcomes to conclusions, including identification of key limitations. Mental Health Care initiative. The review does not contain a comprehensive critique of the research undertaken, and readers seeking a detailed The current update takes into account the 2016 understanding of the research methodology and findings Australian government changes to the delivery of should access the source articles. primary mental health care services in Australia that aim to make mental health services more accessible and to target groups in the community that are most in need. DISORDERS INCLUDED IN REVIEW3 The latest changes have included major developments that impact on the structure and approaches used in the Mood disorders provision of mental health services, including the • Depression establishment of primary health networks (PHNs), • Bipolar disorder replacing Medicare locals as the local coordinating healthcare organisations, along with a suite of mental- Anxiety disorders health reforms. These reforms include undertaking • Generalised anxiety disorder regional needs assessment and tailoring services to • Panic disorder local needs, delivering services within a stepped care approach, making optimal use of digital mental health • Specific phobia services, and targeting priority groups such as Aboriginal • Social anxiety disorder and Torres Strait Islander people, children and youth, • Obsessive compulsive disorder and clinical care coordination for severe and complex • Posttraumatic stress disorder mental illness.1 Substance use disorders PURPOSE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE REVIEW Eating disorders • Anorexia nervosa There is now sufficient evidence to demonstrate that psychological interventions are both effective and • Bulimia nervosa cost-effective in the treatment of mental disorders and • Binge eating disorder that these interventions contribute more broadly to the Adjustment disorder community and the economy through a reduction in need for access to health services generally and Dissociative disorders increased functioning and employability.2 1 For information about the Australian government reforms and guidance on the priority areas, see http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/PHN-Mental_Tools 2 Levin, C., & Chisholm, D. (2016). Cost-effectiveness and affordability of interventions, policies, and platforms for the prevention and treatment of mental, neurological, and substance use disorders. In V. Patel, D. Chisholm, T. Dua, R. Laxminarayan, & M. E. Medina-Mora (Eds.), Mental, neurological, and substance use disorders: Disease control priorities (3rd ed., Vol. 4, pp. 219–236). Washington DC: World Bank. 3 As directed by the Australian Government, disorders included are based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems - 10th Revision - Chapter V Primary Care Version, excluding dementia, delirium, tobacco use disorder, and mental retardation, with the addition of borderline personality disorder. 5 Sleep disorders The following psychological interventions are included in the current review: Sexual disorders • Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) Somatoform disorders • Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) • Pain disorder • Somatisation disorder • Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) • Hypochondriasis • Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) • Body dysmorphic disorder • Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) Psychotic disorders • Family therapy and family-based interventions • Hypnotherapy Borderline personality disorder • Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder • Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and Conduct disorder (child) mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) • Narrative therapy Enuresis (child) • Play therapy (children) • Psychodynamic psychotherapy INTERVENTIONS INCLUDED IN THE REVIEW • Psychoeducation Health professionals have an obligation to provide • Schema-focused therapy services that have an evidence base. Further, most • Self-help government-funded initiatives demand that • Solution-focused
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