PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM-PDD) Version 03 - in effect as of: 28 July 2006
CONTENTS
A. General description of project activity
B. Application of a baseline and monitoring methodology
C. Duration of the project activity / crediting period
D. Environmental impacts
E. Stakeholders’ comments
Annexes
Annex 1: Contact information on participants in the project activity
Annex 2: Information regarding public funding
Annex 3: Composting plant detailed description
Annex 4: Environmental impacts and mitigation measures
Annex 5: Baseline information
Annex 6: Monitoring plan
Annex 7: Stakeholders minutes of meeting and supporting information
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SECTION A. General description of project activity
A.1 Title of the project activity :
Malaysia - Kota Kinabalu Composting Project
Version 3
May 30, 2008
A.2. Description of the project activity :
The objective of the project is to establish a composting plant that will provide an alternative treatment process to the organic fraction of the solid waste currently disposed of at the Kayu Madang sanitary landfill. The project is located within the boundaries of the currently operating landfill near the town of Telipok, which is approximately 30 km northeast the City of Kota Kinabalu in the State of Sabah, Malaysia and about 2 km inland from the nearest coastline to the South China Sea. 1 The project activity involves the aerobic treatment of the organic fraction using composting treatment.
The project is being developed by MS Smart Recycling (M) Sdn. Bhd. (hereinafter Smart Recycling), which has a 10 year contract with the City of Kota Kinabalu for constructing, operating and maintaining a 500 tons/day sorting and composting plant for municipal solid waste (MSW) collected from the City of Kota Kinabalu. The owner of the plant is MS Smart, however the land is owned by the City of Kota Kinabalu.
The project activity consists of construction of a 300 tons/day capacity composting plant in Telipok, Sabah State of Malaysia. This plant will process organic fraction of the MSW 2 from the City of Kota Kinabalu and three neighbouring districts (Kota Belud, Tuaran, and Penampang). Kota Kinabalu City Hall has agreed to provide Smart Recycling approximately 18 acres of land to set up and operate this plant within the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill site. Approximately 3.2 acres were designated for the sorting plant and administrative buildings, and the remaining area was conceived for the composting plant. The sorting plant started operation in April 2006, and the composting plant is expected to be constructed in December 2008 and operational by April 2009. The composting plant will operate six days a week and is shut down for general maintenance work on Sundays. The plant will be operated at the 300 tons / day level during the ten years operational lifetime of the project.
Inherent to the production process of compost, methane generation will be avoided by diverting the organic waste from disposal in the Kayu Madang sanitary landfill, where the waste undergoes anaerobic degradation, to the composting plant where the organic portion of the waste is composted in the
1 See Figure 2 for a map of the project site. 2 MSW originates from residential, commercial, institutional and industrial sources. No manure or sewage sludge is mixed with MSW. Collection and transportation of MSW to the site is provided by the City Hall. PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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composting facility, under aerobic conditions, using windrow technology. Based on 500 tons/day MSW feed to the sorting facility, it is expected that the composting plant will be able to process 300 tons/day of feed materials to produce approximately 150 tons/day (45,000 tons/year) of compost. Based on calculations, the estimated annual greenhouse gas emission reduction through this project is estimated at 73,738 tons of CO 2-e.
Mixed MSW is unloaded by collection trucks at the sorting facility reception area, where bulk components (tree logs, pieces of furniture, tires, etc) are removed manually. Waste is then transferred to the sorting facility by wheel loaders, where the recyclable components (plastics, glass, metals and paper) are removed manually and mechanically through different processes and the organic portion (biodegradable) of the MSW are directed to the composting plant. The biodegradable waste undergoes aerobic treatment in the composting plant using windrow technology, producing compost (soil conditioner). The remaining inert materials will be disposed at the Kayu Madang sanitary landfill located adjacent to the composting facility.
The project will be the first commercial-scale municipal solid waste composting initiative in Malaysia. The project will contribute to sustainable development in Malaysia through the following benefits: 1. Environmental benefits – The project will be beneficial to the global environment by avoiding methane generation at the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill, through composting the organic material in the composting plant, and avoiding disposal of organic wastes at the landfill. As the project reduces the disposal rate of MSW at the landfill by approximately 60%, the life of the landfill will be extended. In addition, as highly biodegradable materials will be recovered, the leachate generation will be reduced and the quality of the treated leachate discharge will be improved. In addition, the risk of fires at the landfill will be reduced. The environmental benefits of this project are in line with the environmental strategy under the 9th Malaysian Plan (2006- 2010). 2. Economic benefits – By diverting organic materials from land filling to composting, the project offers savings in disposal costs and prolongs the landfill lifetime. Furthermore, composting transforms the biodegradable organic materials of the waste into a valuable natural resource (compost / soil conditioner) and provides an opportunity to move organic material to areas that need organic soil amendments. As the first commercial-scale MSW composting initiative in Malaysia, this project has a good potential for setting a model to address the growing MSW problem for the rest of the country. 3. Social benefits – The sorting facility is currently employing 89 workers, about 30 of which being former local waste pickers at the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill. In addition, 15-20 local workers will be employed for the composting plant. The current labour force is expected to expand by 19 employees with the commissioning of the composting plant, some of which are expected to be the current waste pickers at this landfill. The project activity will improve skills and working conditions of these local waste pickers. In addition, the project will promote technology transfer and capacity building of local staff in solid waste management. 4. Technological benefits – This is the first composting project in Malaysia that introduces composting technology on commercial scale to address the increasing problem of MSW management in Malaysia. Whereas currently only sorting and recycling of waste takes place, the project will introduce composting processes, particularly to treat organic materials. The windrow technology will provide for relatively cheap and effective composting. PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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A.3. Project participants :
Table 1. Project Participants. Name of Party involved ((host) Private and/or public Kindly indicate if the Party indicates a host Party) entity(ies) project participants involved wishes to be (as applicable) considered as project participant (Yes/No) Federation of Malaysia (host) MS SMART No Recycling(M)Sdn.Bhd Private waste management company Government of Luxembourg International Bank for Yes Reconstruction and Development as the Trustee of the Carbon Fund for Europe.
A.4. Technical description of the project activity:
A.4.1. Location of the project activity :
A.4.1.1. Host Party (ies):
Federation of Malaysia
A.4.1.2. Region/State/Province etc.:
State of Sabah
A.4.1.3. City/Town/Community etc:
Telipok
A.4.1.4. Detail of physical location, including information allowing the unique identification of this project activity (maximum one page):
The project is located at Kayu Madang sanitary landfill site at Telipok, 30 km northeast of Kota Kinabalu in the State of Sabah at GPS location: N 06.10753 o, E 116.17545 o. Kota Kinabalu is a tropical city with rainfall and ambient air temperature averaging around 2,760 mm and 27.2 o C annually, respectively, during the period of 1998-2006 3.
3 Meteorological Department, City of Sabah, 2007. PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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The composting plant is expected to cover an area of approximately 15 acres, while the sorting plant and administrative buildings cover an area of approximately 3.2 acres. The travel time, by road, from the Kota Kinabalu City Centre to the project site is about 30 minutes. PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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Figure 1: Location of the Project Site within Malaysia
ΝΝΝ Project Site 100 m.
MALAYSIA
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Figure 2: Map of municipalities around Telipok and the project site.
ΝΝΝ 100 m.
Project Site
Figure 3: Location of Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill site, as well as existing sorting facility, and the composting project activity, District of Kota Kinabalu, State of Sabah.
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A.4.2. Category(ies) of project activity :
Sectoral scope 13: Waste handling and disposal
A.4.3. Technology to be employed by the project activity :
The project will employ windrow technology as it is a proven and cost effective technology. The composting process consists of two main phases: • Fermentation phase which lasts for 30 days, during which turning the piles of organic waste are turned twice per week. • Maturation phase which lasts for 30 days.
The following phases will be carried out at the composting plant:
Phase A: Treatment of organic material by biological aerobic process • The organic matter is collected from trommel screens by a collecting conveyor where post sorting of glass is performed, then the material is transferred by a dump truck to the windrow area. • Organic matter is piled into windrows. Water is added while turning the windrows in order to keep the moisture content at 50 to 60%, a level which speeds up the aerobic digestion process. • The windrows are turned twice a week for approximately 30 days, by special turning machines to provide the oxygen necessary for the digestion process, as well as to mill and increase the homogeneity of the residues and to expand the area exposed to microbial activity. During this period windrow temperatures are taken at different depths to ensure microbial activity, and optimize the treatment process. • After the 30 days, piles are transferred using loaders to the maturation area for 30 days. Phase B: Preparation of the final product • After maturation period, skid steer loaders feed compost to the screening units to separate coarse from fine materials. • Fine compost is packed in sacks and sold as a soil conditioner/compost. • Part of oversize refuse is added once more to the windrows as it works as an initiator and activator to the compost and the remaining compost is stored to be sold at a later stage. Regular laboratory tests and analysis are carried out during the fermentation and maturation phases to maximize treatment efficiency, including temperature and oxygen measurements, as well as samples from final product to ensure the quality of the final product.
Detailed description of the technology, material balance as well as composting plant layout is presented in Annex 3. PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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A.4.4 Estimated amount of emission reductions over the chosen crediting period :
The following table shows the estimated amount of emission reductions over a period of 10 years:
Table 2: Estimated emission reductions over the 10-year crediting period. Years Annual estimation of emission reductions in tonnes of CO2e April 1 st 2009 27,637 2010 57,028 2011 67,938 2012 74,082 2013 77,729 2014 80,028 2015 81,569 2016 82,661 2017 83,471 2018 84,092 Jan. 1 st 2019 to March 31 st 2019 21,145 Total estimated reductions (tonnes of CO2e) 737,380 Total number of crediting years 10 Annual average over the crediting period of 73,738 estimated reductions (tonnes of CO2e)
A.4.5. Public funding of the project activity :
No public funding of any kind has been or will be provided for this project. PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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SECTION B. Application of a baseline and monitoring methodology
B.1. Title and reference of the approved baseline and monitoring methodology applied to the project activity :
AM0025 – Avoided emissions from organic waste through alternative waste treatment processes – version 10. Combined tool to identify the baseline scenario and demonstrate additionality” – version 02.1 “Tool to determine methane emissions avoided from dumping waste at a solid waste disposal site” Version 3
B.2 Justification of the choice of the methodology and why it is applicable to the project activity:
The project prevents methane formation from anaerobic degradation of fresh organic solid waste by implementing an aerobic degradation process that is achieved through composting of the waste.
AM0025 is applicable to the project activity for the following reasons: • The project activities involve composting under aerobic conditions of fresh organic waste, which would otherwise have been disposed of at a landfill in a given year; • The produced compost is either used as soil conditioner or disposed of in landfills. • The proportions and characteristics of different types of organic waste processed in the project activity can be determined, in order to apply a multiphase landfill gas generation model to estimate the quantity of landfill gas that would have been generated in the absence of the project activity. • Waste handling in the baseline scenario shows a continuation of current practice of disposing the waste in a landfill (see section B.4) as there is no environmental regulation that mandates the treatment of the waste.
The Project Proponent opted to use the ‘Combined tool to identify the baseline scenario and demonstrate additionality’ instead of the ‘Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionality’ since it is stated in the Combined Tool:
“Methodologies using this tool are only applicable if all potential alternative scenarios to the proposed project activity are available options to project participants. This applies to project activities that make modifications to an existing installation that is operated by project participants, such as, for example changes in waste management practices at existing solid waste disposal sites operated by project participants. Moreover, this applies to the construction of new facilities if all alternative scenarios to the project activity are available options to project participants, i.e. if all alternative scenarios could be implemented by the project participants.
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Since the project complies with the above-mentioned requirements the Project Participants have chosen to use this tool.
B.3. Description of the sources and gases included in the project boundary The project boundary is the site where the waste will be brought in and treated, including the sorting facility, composting facility and landfill site. The following schematic flow chart illustrates the system components and project boundary:
Figure 4: Project boundary.
Waste production (households,
Waste collection, Sorting Landfill transportation
Composting Recycling process
Compost and On site use of Electricity post fuel/electricity from West processing Sabah grid
End-user
Boundary limit
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Table 3: Overview of emission sources included or excluded from project boundary and baseline.
Source Gas Justification / Explanation
Emissions from CH 4 Included The major source of emissions in the baseline. decomposition of N2O Excluded N2O emissions are small compared to CH 4 waste at the emissions from landfills. Exclusion of this gas is landfill site conservative.
CO 2 Excluded CO 2 emissions from the decomposition of organic waste are not accounted.
Emissions from CO 2 Excluded No electricity consumption in the baseline.
Baseline electricity CH 4 Excluded Excluded for simplification. This is conservative. consumption N2O Excluded Excluded for simplification. This is conservative. Emissions from CO 2 Excluded No thermal energy consumption in the baseline. thermal energy CH 4 Excluded Excluded for simplification. This is conservative. generation N2O Excluded Excluded for simplification. This is conservative. On-site fossil fuel CO 2 Included An emission source. consumption due CH 4 Excluded Excluded for simplification. This emissions to the project source is assumed to be very small.
activity other than N2O Excluded Excluded for simplification. This emissions for electricity source is assumed to be very small. generation
Emissions from CO 2 Included An emission source. on-site electricity CH 4 Excluded Excluded for simplification. This emissions use source is assumed to be very small.
N2O Excluded Excluded for simplification. This emissions
ProjectActivity source is assumed to be very small.
Direct emissions CO 2 Excluded CO 2 emissions from the decomposition of from waste organic waste are not accounted.
treatment N2O Included May be an emission source. processes CH 4 Included The composting process might not be complete and result in anaerobic decay.
B.4 . Description of how the baseline scenario is identified and description of the identified baseline scenario:
Using the “Combined tool to identify the baseline scenario and demonstrate additionality” the baseline scenario is identified. The CDM Executive Board (EB) approved this tool at their 28 th meeting. In chapter I of this tool it is stated that the “tool is applicable if all potential scenarios are under control of the project participants”. As an example it mentions “changes in waste management practices at existing solid waste disposal sites operated by the project participants”, thus proving it suitable for this project activity. PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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Step 1: Identification of alternatives to the project activity consistent with current laws and regulations
Sub-step 1a. Define alternatives to the project activity With the purpose of waste treatment, the following alternative project activities to the proposed CDM project are identified:
Alternative 1: Organic waste composting identical to the proposed project but not implemented as a CDM project. For the success and sustainability of the composting plant, it requires compost market, capital investment, operation and maintenance costs, and continuous monitoring of the process. Given that the project entity is not paid tipping fees, the operation of the composting plant will rely mainly on the sale of the compost. The sale of compost will not cover project costs, and thus without CDM, the composting plant will not be commissioned as it’s financially weak. Finally, a technological barrier is also relevant, since the technology is newly introduced in Malaysia. Skilled and trained technicians/engineers are required to operate and maintain the plant, as well as regular training to the staff to maintain high level of performance of the system. Taking into account the investment, market and technical barriers, this alternative is not commercially feasible.
Table 4 Project Financial Assessment – without CERs Revenue Costs Amount ($US) Frequency Initial Capital Investment $2,049,696 On implementation
Operation & Maintenance costs (10 year project $4,373,378 Total of life of project cycle)
Total $6,423,073
Financial $US Indicators Total Equity $1,615,696
IRR Project -7.29% (#NUM! Denote that the number is a large negative or unable to calculate) Asset -3.83%
NPV Discount Rate $US 10.00% -$1,569,266 15.00% -$1,520,936 18.00% -$1,471,271 WACC (asset) -$916,715 PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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The CDM project financial assessment provided in Table 5 demonstrates that with a revenue stream generated the proposed project is sustainable and can provide the additional finance required.
Table 5 Project Financial Assessment - with CERs Revenue
Costs Amount ($US) Frequency Initial Capital Investment $2,049,696 On implementation
Operation & Maintenance costs (10 year project $4,373,378 Total of life of project cycle)
Total $6,423,073
Project Revenue Tonne CO 2e Sold $US CERs Revenue based on a 10 year ERPA 2008 - 737,380 $9,585,940 2017 (@ $13.00 / tonne CO 2e)
Financial $US Indicators Total Equity $1,615,696
IRR Project 25.93% Asset 24.28% NPV Discount Rate $US 10.00% $1,818,612 15.00% $927,628 18.00% $570,385 WACC (asset) $5,251,045
Alternative 2: Disposal of the waste at a landfill where landfill gas captured is flared. There are no regulatory requirements in Malaysia at present to collect and flare or utilize landfill gas. As there is no revenue generated from capturing and flaring landfill gas, there is no economic incentive – without CDM revenues – to implement this alternative.
Alternative 3: Continuation of the current situation – Disposal of the waste on a landfill without the capture of landfill gas. There are no technological or investment barriers to continuing this current practice. It is economically the most feasible option for the project proponent. This alternative would lead to anaerobic decomposition of the organic material in the municipal solid waste.
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Sub-step 1b. Consistency with mandatory laws and regulations
All the alternatives comply with the laws and regulatory requirements for the project location. There are no laws or regulatory requirements in Malaysia at present to collect and flare or utilize landfill gas, or mandating diversion of organic waste from landfills to composting treatment facilities.
Step 2. Barrier analysis
Sub-step 2a. Identify barriers that would prevent the implementation of the proposed CDM project activity
The following barriers would prevent the proposed project activity from being carried out if the project were not registered as a CDM activity:
Table 6. Overview of barriers preventing the implementation of alternative scenario’s Barrier Description Financial barriers Limited income, only costs MSW compost has a lower market value and demand than compost made of agricultural waste. The price paid for MSW compost on site is expected to range between USD 2.5 to 10. The price for compost made of agricultural waste is expected to range between USD 15 to 35. Revenues from selling MSW compost are therefore limited (relevant for alternative 1)
With this first commercial scale compost plant, City of Sabah did not pay tipping fees to the operator (relevant for alternative 1).
Legislative barriers No proper law on sanitary land filling and No policy, investment or financial incentives are composting. available from government side that stimulate the set-up of composting facilities and/or promote the use of compost by farmers (relevant for alternative 1).
No legislation exists, making it hard to generate electricity from the extracted gas and to deliver the electricity to the network (relevant for alternative 2). Technology barriers Lack of infrastructure & logistics MS Smart is not responsible for the transport of the waste. As a consequence a substantial amount of the waste from City of Sabah and other neighboring towns transport their wastes to the PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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landfill. A proper and sufficient infrastructure must be in place to allow proper waste segregation to secure the quality of the produced compost (relevant for alternative 1).
Proper infrastructure must be in place to allow the generation of electricity from the extracted gas and to sell electricity to the grid (relevant for alternative 2). Staff Expanding the composting operation requires skilled and trained technicians/engineers to operate and maintain the facility as well as regular training of staff is needed. Operating a composting plant requires higher skilled resources and training compared to dumping (relevant for alternative 1). First of a kind Proper heat distribution to nearest industry / national grid must be in place, or distances should be close enough to justify the investments (relevant for alternative 2). This is the first large scale commercial municipal solid waste composting plant in Malaysia (relevant for alternative 1).
Sub-step 2b. Eliminate all scenarios which are prevented by identified barriers
Alternative 1 : Organic waste composting identical to the proposed project but not implemented as a CDM project. Methane production would be avoided by breaking down organic matter through aerobic processes. The price for MSW compost on the Malaysian market is expected to range between USD 5 to 10 per ton (compost made of agricultural waste sells for a higher value estimated to be USD 15 – 35). The amount of compost produced will not generate sufficient income to cover the operational costs, constituting an investment barrier. In addition, although there is some experience in Malaysia in turning waste into marketable compost, this has not yet been conducted on a large scale, hence a technological barrier exists. Therefore, this alternative is seen as not feasible without CDM support.
Alternative 2 : Disposal of the waste on a landfill where landfill gas is captured. In Malaysia, there is no legislation enforcing landfill gas extraction with or without utilization. Since no obligation exists to collect/combust LFG, collecting/combusting LFG will not be feasible without CDM-assistance (legislative barrier). As energy prices in Malaysia are low generating electricity from landfill gas extraction is not a profitable business. The project participant can therefore not bear the investments by himself (financial barrier). Without CDM, there are insufficient cash flows for foreign investments. Therefore, this alternative is seen as not feasible without CDM support.
Alternative 3 : Continuation of the current situation – Disposal of the waste on a landfill without the capture of landfill gas. This remains the cheapest, easiest and therefore the only alternative not prevented by a barrier.
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Outcome of Step 2b
The only alternative that is not prevented by any barrier is Alternative 3. Hence, this alternative is identified as the baseline scenario. Currently 95% of the waste in Malaysia is being disposed of at landfills or open dumps.
The project activity (Alternative 1 registered as a CDM project activity) would allow the Malaysian Company Smart Recycling to attract financing at reasonable terms based on CDM proceedings. This would allow them to make the further investments and to attract foreign technical expertise. Because they receive extra income from the carbon credits, they can gain more experience in turning municipal solid waste into compost on a large scale, as well as creating a compost market.
Step 4. Common Practice Analysis
The common factors and problems in Malaysia affect the composting plants performance and make them incapable of reaching their targets are:
• To date no commercial scale composting plants, and thus municipalities are not willing to pay tipping fees for treatment systems that has not been tried out in the Malaysian context. • Unavailability of market for the produced compost. • Unavailability of a suitable budget and finance for operation & maintenance. • Low salaries and consequently absence of qualified and experienced workers able to maintain the equipment. • Low economic feasibility of plants operation and maintenance which discourage the private sector to invest in operating these plants.
In general composting plants in Malaysia have not been constructed and operated due to lack of finance, expertise and know-how of technology. The composting plants are financially and economically not attractive. There are some very small-scale composting plants using agricultural and animal wastes only. The compost from these plants are of higher quality and thus sold at a higher price, compared to compost from municipal solid waste sources.
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B.5. Description of how the anthropogenic emissions of GHG by sources are reduced below those that would have occurred in the absence of the registered CDM project activity (assessment and demonstration of additionality):
Since the project proponents have chosen to use the “Combined tool to identify the baseline scenario and demonstrate additionality”, which has been approved by the CDM Executive Board (EB) at their 28 th meeting, the assessment and demonstration has been done in the previous paragraph B.4.
B.6. Emission reductions: B.6.1. Explanation of methodological choices:
To calculate the emission reductions the project participant shall apply the following equation:
ER y = BE y – PE y – L y (1)
ER ,y = the emission reductions in year y (tCO 2e) BE ,y = the emissions in the baseline scenario in year y (tCO 2e) PE y = the emissions in the project scenario in year y (tCO 2e) Ly = the leakage in year y (tCO 2e)
If the sum of PEy and Ly is smaller than 1% of BEy in the first full operation year of a crediting period, the project participants may assume a fixed percentage of 1% for PEy and Ly combined for the remaining years of the crediting period.
Determination of the baseline emissions (BE y) To calculate the emissions that occur in the base line scenario (BE y), the formula (2) as elaborated in the section regarding ‘baseline emissions’ of methodology AM0025 is used:
BE y = (MB y - MD reg,y )+EG y*CEF baseline,elec,y +EG d,y *CEF d+HG y*CEF baseline,therm,y (2)
Where: BE ,y = the baseline emission in year y (tCO 2e) MB ,y = methane produced in the landfill in the absence of the project activity in year y (tCO 2e) MD reg,y = methane that would be destroyed in the absence of the project activity in year y (tCO 2e ) EG y = the amount of electricity in the year y that would be consumed at the project site in the absence of the project activity and which is not consumed anymore due to the implementation of the project activity, (MWh). CEF baseline,elec,y = the carbon emissions factor for electricity consumed at the project site in the absence of the project activity (tCO2/MWh) EG d,y = the amount of electricity generated utilizing the biogas/syngas collected and exported to the grid in the project activity during the year y (MWh) CEF d = the carbon emissions factor for the displaced electricity source in the project scenario (tCO2/MWh) PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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HG y = the quantity of thermal energy that would be consumed in year y at the project site in the absence of the project activity and which is not consumed anymore due to the implementation of the project activity (MWh). CEF baseline,therm,y = the CO2 emissions intensity for thermal energy generation (tCO2e/MJ)
The value of the abovementioned parameters will be determined below.
Determination of MB y As noted in the methodology AM0025, the “Tool to determine methane emissions avoided from dumping waste at a solid waste disposal site” V 10 shall be used to calculate the methane produced in the landfill in the absence of the project activity in a certain year y (MB y in AM0025 and correspondingly BE CH4,SWDS,y in the tool).
y −k j (y* −x) −kj MB y = BE CH4, SWDS, y = ϕ 1(* − )f * GWP CH4 (1* - OX) * 16 12/ * F * DOC f * MCF * ∑ * ∑ Wj, x * DOC j * e 1(* − e ) x=1 j=W (3)
Where: MBy = = Methane emissions avoided during the year y from preventing waste disposal at BECH4,SWDS,y the solid waste disposal site (SWDS) during the period from the start of the project activity to the end of the year y (tCO2e) φ = Model correction factor to account for model uncertainties (0.9) f = Fraction of methane captured at the SWDS and flared, combusted or used in another manner GWPCH4 = Global Warming Potential (GWP) of methane, valid for the relevant commitment period OX = Oxidation factor (reflecting the amount of methane from SWDS that is oxidized in the soil or other material covering the waste) F = Fraction of methane in the SWDS gas (volume fraction) (0.5) DOCf = Fraction of degradable organic carbon (DOC) that can decompose MCF = Methane correction factor Wj,x = Amount of organic waste type j prevented from disposal in the SWDS in the year x (tonnes) DOCj = Fraction of degradable organic carbon (by weight) in the waste type j kj = Decay rate for the waste type j j = Waste type category (index) x = Year during the crediting period: x runs from the first year of the first crediting period (x = 1) to the year y for which avoided emissions are calculated (x = y) y = Year for which methane emissions are calculated
Where different waste types j are prevented from disposal, determine the amount of different waste types (Wj,x) through sampling and calculate the mean from the samples, as follows: 4
4 In AM0025, this parameter is named ‘A’ instead of ‘W’. PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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z
∑pn, j, x W = W * n=1 (4) j, x x z
Where: Wj,x = Amount of organic waste type j prevented from disposal in the SWDS in the year x (tonnes) Wx = Total amount of organic waste prevented from disposal in year x (tonnes) Pn,j,x = Weight fraction of the waste type j in the sample n collected during the year x z = Number of samples collected during the year x
Determination of MD reg,y MD reg,y represents the methane that would be destroyed in the absence of the project activity in year y (expressed in tCH 4 ) and is determined by multiplying MB y with an Adjustment Factor.
MD reg,y = MB y * AF
Where: AF = Adjustment Factor for MBy (%)
The parameter AF shall be estimated as follows:
• In cases where a specific system for collection and destruction of methane is mandated by regulatory or contractual requirements, the ratio between the destruction efficiency of that system and the destruction efficiency of the system used in the project activity shall be used; • In cases where a specific percentage of the “generated” amount of methane to be collected and destroyed is specified in the contract or mandated by the regulation, this percentage divided by an assumed efficiency for the collection and destruction system used in the project activity shall be used.
The ‘Adjustment Factor’ shall be revised at the start of each new crediting period taking into account the amount of GHG flaring that occurs as part of common industry practice and/or regulation at that point in the future.
Determination of EG y The amount of electricity in the year y that would be consumed at the project site in the absence of the project activity and which is not consumed anymore due to the implementation of the project activity is nil.
Determination of CEF baseline,elec,y N.A. Determination of EGd,y Since composting under aerobic conditions does not generate electricity, this parameter is null.
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Determination of CEF d N.A.
Determination of HG y Currently no thermal energy is produced at the site and composting does not generate any thermal energy, hence this parameter is null.
Determination of CEF baseline,therm,y N.A.
Determination of BE y,a In cases where there are regulations that mandate the use of one of the project activity treatment options and which is not being enforced, the baseline scenario is identified as a gradual improvement of waste management practices to the acceptable technical options expected over a period of time to comply with the MSW Management Rules. The adjusted baseline emissions (BEy,a) are calculated as follows:
BEy,a = BEy * ( 1 − RATE Compliance y) (5) where: BEy = the CO2-equivalent emissions as determined from equation (2). RATECompliance = the state-level compliance rate of the MSW Management Rules in that year y. y The compliance rate shall be lower than 50%; if it exceeds 50% the project activity shall receive no further credit.
In such cases BEy,a should replace BEy in Equation (25) to estimate emission reductions.
The compliance ratio RATECompliancey shall be monitored ex post based on the official reports, such as annual reports provided by municipal bodies.
Determination of the Emissions in the project scenario (PE y)
To calculate project emissions PE y the section “project emissions” of baseline methodology is used:
PE y = PE elec,y + PE fuel, on-site,y +PE c,y + PE a,y + PE g,y + PE r,y + PE i,y + PE w,y (6) where: PE y = project emissions during the year y (tCO 2e) PE elec,y = the emissions from electricity consumption on-site due to the project activity in year y (tCO 2e) PE fuel, on-site,y = emissions on-site due to fuel consumption on-site in year y (tCO 2e) PE c,y = the emissions during the composting process in year y (tCO 2e) PE a,y = the emissions during the anaerobic digestion process in year y (tCO 2e) PE g,y = the emissions during the gasification process in year y (tCO 2e) PE r,y = the emissions during the combustion process of RDF in year y (tCO 2e) PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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PE i,y = the emissions from waste incineration in year y (tCO 2e) PE w,y = the emissions from waste water treatment in year y (tCO 2e)
Determination of PE elec,y The project activity consumes very small quantities of electricity. Only the drum screen will be using electricity which will be taken from the grid. The GHG emission of electricity generation is therefore relevant.
PE elec = EG PJ,FF,y * CEF elec (7) where: EG PJ,FF,y = is the amount of electricity generated in an on-site fossil fuel fired power plant or consumed from the grid in the project activity, measured using an electricity meter (MWh) CEFelec = the carbon emissions factor for electricity generation in the project activity (tCO2/MWh)
For CEF elec: To account for emissions of electricity generation a CEFelec value of 0.631 tCO 2e/MWh has been used. The value is based on information provided in the PDD of the CDM approved ‘Project - Factory energy efficiency improvement in compressed air demand and supply in Malaysia’. In this PDD the combined margin for the operating and build margin plants in Malaysia has been calculated on the basis of information of the Electricity Holding Company Sabah Electricity resulting in a value of 0.631 5 tCO 2e/MWh.
See for the calculated values paragraph B.6.3.
Determination of PE fuel, on-site The emissions within the project boundary are related to vehicles used on-site.
In the MS Smart composting project the following equipment is expected to be used:
5 Source: Project Design Document for the CDM approved Factory energy efficiency improvement in compressed air demand and supply in Malaysia http://cdm.unfccc.int/UserManagement/FileStorage/B4WKR9FSS4EP6LNTDTXTWNCJ8EF18A PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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Type of Equipment Number Litres per day Total litres per Litres per year day Turning machine 1 50 50 6 15,500 Tanker 1 50 50 15,500 Wheel loader 1 100 100 31,000 Skid face loader 2 30 60 18,600 Tractor 5 30 150 46,500 Total 410 127,100
The (GHG) emission is calculated from the quantity of fuel used and the specific CO 2-emission factor of the fuel. As follows:
PE fuel, on-site = F cons,y * NCV fuel * EF fuel (8) where: PE fuel, on-site = The CO 2 emissions due to on-site fuel combustion in year y (tCO 2) Fcons,y = The fuel consumption on site in year y (l or kg) CV fuel = The caloric value of fuel (MJ/l or MJ/kg) EF fuel = the CO 2 emission factor of the fuel (tCO 2/MJ)
See for the calculated values paragraph B.6.3.
Determination of PE c,y
PE c,y = PE c,N2O,y + PE c,CH4,y (9) where: PE c,N2O,y = the N 2O emissions during the composting process in year y (tCO 2e) PE c,CH4,y = the emissions during the composting process due to methane production through anaerobic conditions in year y (tCO 2e)
N2O emissions (PE c,N2O,y ) As part of the composting process itself, and during the application of compost, N 2O emissions might be 7 released. Based upon Schenk and others, a total loss of 42 mg N 2O-N per kg composted dry matter can be expected (from which 26.9 mg N 2O during the composting process). The dry matter content of compost is around 50% up to 65%.
6 The turning machines are only used for 5 hours per day, resulting in 62,5% of the total of 200 litres for fulltime use of the turning machines. 7 Manfred K. Schenk, Stefan Appel, Diemo Daum, “N 2O emissions during composting of organic waste”, Institute of Plant Nutrition University of Hannover, 1997 PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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Based on these values, project participants should use a default emission factor of 0.043 kg N 2O per ton 8 of compost for EF c,N2O and calculate emissions as follows :
PE c, N2O = M compost * EF c,N2O * GWP N2O (10) where: Mcompost = the total quantity of compost produced in year y (tonnes/a) EF c,N2O = the emission factor for N 2O emissions from the composting process (t N 2O/t compost) GWP N2O = Global Warming Potential of nitrous oxide (tCO 2/tN 2O)
Determination of CH4 emissions (PE c, CH4,y ) During the composting process, aerobic conditions might not be completely reached in all areas and at all times. Pockets of anaerobic conditions – isolated areas in the composting heap where oxygen concentrations are so low that the biodegradation process turns anaerobic – may occur. The emission behaviour of these pockets is comparable to the anaerobic situation in the landfill. This is a potential emission source for methane similar to anaerobic conditions which occur in unmanaged landfills. The duration of the composting process is less than the duration of the crediting period. This is because of the fact that the compost may be subject to anaerobic conditions during its end use, which is not foreseen that it could be monitored. Assuming a residence time for the compost in anaerobic conditions equal to the crediting period is very conservative. Through sampling the percentage of waste that degrades under anaerobic circumstances will be determined and calculated in accordance with AM0025 as follows:
PE c, CH4,y = MB compost,y * GWP CH4 * S a,y (11) where: MB compost,y = the quantity of methane that would be produced in the landfill in the absence of the project activity in year y (tCH 4). MB compost,y is estimated by multiplying MBy estimated from equation (3) by the fraction of waste diverted, from the landfill, to the composting activity relative to the total waste diverted from the landfill to the activity GWP CH4 = the Global Warming Potential of methane (tCO 2e/tCH 4) Sa,y = the share of the waste that degrades under anaerobic circumstances in the composting plant during year y (%)
Determination of S a,y To determine oxygen-content during the process, project participant will measure the oxygen content according to a predetermined sampling scheme and frequency. These measurements will be undertaken throughout the crediting period and recorded each year. The percentage of the measurements that show an oxygen content below 10% is presumed to be equal to the share of waste that degrades under
8 Assuming 650 kg dry matter per ton of compost and 42 mg N 2O-N, and given the the molecular relation of 44/28 for N 2O-N, an emission factor of 0.043 kg N 2O / ton compost results.
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anaerobic circumstances, hence the emissions caused by this share are calculated as project emissions ex- post on an annual basis:
Sa = S OD /S total (12) where: SOD = the Number of samples per year with an Oxygen Deficiency (Oxygen below 10%) Stotal = the total number of samples taken per year, where Stotal should be chosen in a manner that ensures estimation of S a with 20% uncertainty at 95% confidence level
See the Annex 6, the monitoring plan on the methodology as to determine S total .
Determination of PE a,y , PE g,y and PE r,y N.A. since these activities are not considered. Determination of Leakages (L y) Sources of leakage considered in the methodology is CO2 emissions from off-site transportation of waste materials in addition to CH4 and N2O emissions from the residual waste from the anaerobic digestion, gasification processes and processing/combustion of RDF. Positive leakage that may occur through the replacement of fossil-fuel based fertilizers with organic composts are not accounted for. Leakage emissions should be estimated from the following equation:
Ly = Lt,y + Lr,y + Ls,y (13) where: Lt,y = the leakage emissions from increased transport in year y (tCO2e) Lr,y = the leakage emissions from the residual waste from the anaerobic digester, the gasifier or the processing/combustion of RDF in year y (tCO 2e) Ls,y = is the leakage emissions from end use of stabilized biomass
Since the only activity considered is composting, Lr,y and Ls,y are not applicable.
Determination of L t,y As the compost is sold to farmers, the project activity results in additional transport. L t,y will be determined as follows.
N Lt,y = ∑ NO vehicles,i,y * DT i,y *VF cons, i * NCV fuel * D fuel * EF fuel I where: NO vehicles,i,y = the number of vehicles for transport with similar loading capacity DT i,y = the average additional distance travelled by vehicle type i compared to baseline in year y VF cons, i = the vehicle fuel consumption in litres per kilometre for vehicle type i (l/km) PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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NCV fuel = the Calorific value of the fuel (MJ/Kg or other unit) Dfuel = the fuel density (kg/l), if necessary EF fuel = the Emission factor of the fuel (tCO2/MJ)
For transport of compost to the users, the same formula applies. PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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B.6.2. Data and parameters that are available at validation:
Data / Parameter: Φ Data unit: - Description: Model correction factor to account for model uncertainties Source of data used: - Value applied: 0.9
Justification of the - choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied : Any comment: Oonk et el. (1994) have validated several landfill gas models based on 17 realized landfill gas projects. The mean relative error of multi-phase models was assessed to be 18%. Given the uncertainties associated with the model and in order to estimate emission reductions in a conservative manner, a discount of 10% is applied to the model results.
Data / Parameter: OX Data unit: - Description: Oxidation factor (reflecting the amount of methane from SWDS that is oxidized in the soil or other material covering the waste) Source of data used: IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, chapter 3. Value applied: 0 Justification of the The default value for the oxidation factor in the IPCC Guidelines is zero. choice of data or The use of the oxidation factor of 0,1 is only justified for covered, well- description of managed SWDS. measurement methods In developing countries with less elaborate management practices, the average and procedures value is probably closer to zero. actually applied : The use of an oxidation value different than zero should be clearly documented and referenced.
Any comment: -
Data / Parameter: F Data unit: - Description: Fraction of methane in the SWDS gas (volume fraction) Source of data used: IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Value applied: 0.5 Justification of the choice of data or description of PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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measurement methods and procedures actually applied : Any comment: A default value of 0.5 is recommended by IPCC.
Data / Parameter: DOCf Data unit: - Description: Fraction of degradable organic carbon (DOC) that can decompose Source of data used: IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Value applied: 0.5 Justification of the Default value choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied : Any comment: -
Data / Parameter: MCF Data unit: - Description: Methane correction factor Source of data used: IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, chapter 3, table 3-1 Value applied: 1.0 for anaerobic managed solid waste disposal sites. Justification of the At the baseline scenario, waste is disposed of at Kayu Madang landfill which is choice of data or designed and operated as a sanitary landfill. (well layering, compaction, cover description of material regularly, presence of liner and leachate collection and treatment measurement methods system). and procedures actually applied : Any comment:
Data / Parameter: DOCj Data unit: - Description: Fraction of degradable organic carbon (by weight) in the waste type j Source of data used: IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas, chapter 2, table 2-4 Value applied: The following default DOC values for the different waste types I are applied:
DOC content in % of wet waste per different waste type Default values, Table 2-4 from IPCC 2006
Waste Stream DOC content in % of wet waste
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Paper/cardboard 40
Textiles (40% of textile are assumed 24 to be synthetic (default)
Food waste 18
Wood 43
Garden & Park Waste 20
Justification of the - choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied : Any comment: -
Data / Parameter: Kj Data unit: - Description: Decay rate for the waste type j Source of data used: IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories – chapter 3, table 3-3 Value applied: Apply the following values for the different waste types j PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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Food waste = 0.7 Garden waste = 0.2 Paper waste = 0.085
Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia Years Average Average temperatur Precipitatio e (oC) n (mm)
1998 28.1 2253,2 1999 27.3 2908,8 2000 27.3 2973,4 2001 27.2 3155,9 2002 27.5 1967,2 2003 27.3 2329,1 2004 27.2 1897,4 2005 27.4 4003,0 2006 27.3 3349,7 Sum 246.6 24,837.7 Average/pe 27.4 2759.7 r year
Source: Meteorological Department 2007. PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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Justification of the Due to significantly higher precipitation rates and ambient temperatures as choice of data or shown in the above table which contributes to higher degradation rates, higher description of k values have been used within the IPCC2006 range. measurement methods and procedures actually applied : Any comment: -
Data / Parameter: EF fuel Data unit: tCO 2/MJ Description: CO 2 emission factor of the fuel Source of data used: IPCC 2006 default value
Value applied: 0.0000741 tCO 2 /MJ Justification of the choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied : Any comment: -
Data / Parameter: EF c,N2O Data unit: tN 2O/t compost Description: Emission factor for N 2O emissions from the composting process Source of data used: Manfred K. Schenk, Stefan Appel, Diemo Daum, “N 2O emissions during composting of organic waste”, Institute of Plant Nutrition University of Hannover, 1997
Value applied: 0.043 kg N 2O per ton of compost Measurement Ex-ante procedures (if any): Any comment: Default value of 0.043kg-N2O/t-compost, after Schenk et al, 1997. The value itself is highly variable, but reference data shall be used.
Data / Parameter: GWP N2O Data unit: tCO 2/tN 2O Description: Global Warming Potential of nitrous oxide Source of data used: IPCC 2006 default value
Value applied: 310 tCO 2/tN 2O Justification of the - choice of data or description of PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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measurement methods and procedures actually applied : Any comment: -
Data / Parameter: NCV fuel Data unit: MJ/kg Description: Net Calorific value of fuel Source of data used: Registered project 0169 Value applied: 42.7 MJ/kg Justification of the Default value choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied : Any comment:
Data / Parameter: Dfuel NData unit: kg/l Description: Fuel density Source of data used: Registered project 0169 and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel Value applied: 0.85 kg/l Justification of the Value is default value for Diesel fuel choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied : Any comment: Not necessary if NCVfuel is demonstrated on a per liter basis
Data / Parameter: EF fuel Data unit: tCO 2/MJ Description: Emission factor of fuel Source of data used: Diesel, Registered project 0169 -6 Value applied: 74.1 kg CO 2e/GJ = 74.1 * 10 tCO 2/MJ Justification of the default value for Diesel fuel choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied : Any comment: -
Data / Parameter: AF PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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Data unit: % Description: Adjustment Factor, methane destroyed due to regulatory or other requirements Source of data used: Local and/ or national authorities Value of data applied Since no regulatory or other requirements currently exist, the applied value is 0 for the purpose of for the crediting period calculating expected emission reductions in section B.5 Measurement - procedures (if any): Monitoring frequency: At start of crediting period QA/QC procedures to Data are derived from or based upon local or national guidelines, so QA/QC be applied: procedures for these data are not applicable. Any comment: Changes in regulatory requirements, relating to the baseline landfill(s) need to be monitored in order to update the adjustment factor (AF), or directly MDreg.. This is done at the beginning of each crediting period.
B.6.3 Ex-ante calculation of emission reductions: >> Ex-ante calculations of the project emissions Project emissions from electricity consumption on site – PE elec,y The only equipment that will use electricity is the drum screen, and thus is considered as project emissions from electricity consumption on site. From similar operations during the year 2007, the total electricity consumption of the drum screen will be 50 MWh. 9 As per formula (7): PE elec = EG PJ,FF,y * CEF elec = 50 MWh * 0.631 = 31.55 tCO 2e. Since the plant’s capacity will remain at 300 tons / day, the electricity consumption will remain the same throughout the 10 years project lifetime.
Project emission from fuel use on site – PE fuel, on-site The fuel consumption on site is caused by the following equipment 10 :
Type of Equipment Number Litres per day Total litres per day Litres per year (2007) (2007) (2007) Turning machine 1 50 50 11 15,500 Tanker 1 50 50 15,500 Wheel loader 1 100 100 31,000 Skid face loader 2 30 60 18,600 Tractor 5 30 150 46,500
9 Calculated as per ACM0002. 10 Figures are based on fuel consumption in 2007 for similar facility operating in Cairo, Egypt. 11 The turning machines will be used for 5 hours per day, resulting in 62,5% of the total of 200 litres for fulltime use of the turning machines. PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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Total 410 127,100
As per formula (8): PE fuel, on-site = F cons,y * NCV fuel * EF fuel = 127,100 l/y * 36.295 MJ/l * 0.0000741 tCO 2 /MJ = 341.8 tCO 2e. Since the plant’s capacity will remain at 300 tons / day, the fuel consumption will remain the same throughout the 10 years project lifetime.
Project emission from composting – PE c,y As per formula (9), we must first determine the N 2O emissions (PE c, N2O ) during the composting process and the emissions due to methane production (PE c, CH4 ).
Parameter Description Value
Mcompost, Total quantity of compost produced 45,000 t/y yearly
EF c, N2O Emission factor for N2O emissions from 0.000043 t N 2O/tcompost composting process
GWP N2O Global Warming Potential of nitrous 310 tCO 2/tN 2O oxide (tCO 2e/tN 2O) PEc,N2O 599.85 tCO 2e/y Note: From 1 ton of waste normally 300-350 kg of compost can be made. In this table project proponent calculates with 350 kg of compost made from 1 ton of waste.
As per formula (10): PE c, N2O = M compost * EF c,N2O * GWP N2O = 45,000 t/y * 0.000043 t N 2O/tcompost * 310 tCO 2/tN 2O = 599.85 tCO 2e/y. Since the plant’s capacity will remain at 300 tons / day, the project emissions from composting will remain the same throughout the 10 years project lifetime.
Project emission from composting – PE c, CH4 The project methane emissions due to anaerobic circumstances in the composting process in year y are to be calculated with the formula below (PE c, CH4 in tCO 2e): As per formula (11): PE c,CH4 = MB compost,y * GWP CH4 * S a = MB y * 21* 2%
Parameter Description Value
MB compost,y Quantity of methane that would be MB y produced in the landfill in the absence of the project activity in year y (tCH 4) Sa,y Share of the waste that degrades under 2% (see formula 12) anaerobic circumstances in the composting plant during year y (%)
GWP CH4 Global warming Potential of methane 21 (tCO 2e/tCH 4)
Ex-ante calculations of the Leakages
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Leakages from additional transport – L t, y As the compost is sold to the farmers, extra transport is generated by the project activity and leakages exist. Lty is calculated as follows:
N Lt,y = ∑ NO vehicles,i,y * DT i,y *VF cons, i * NCV fuel * D fuel * EF fuel I Estimated leakages per year are:
Lt,y = 818 * 300 * 1 * 36.295 * 0.0000741 = 660 tCO2e / yr. where: NO vehicles,i,y = the number of vehicles for transport with similar loading capacity (818 vehicles) DT i,y = the average additional distance travelled by vehicle type i compared to baseline in year y (300 kilometres) VF cons, i = the vehicle fuel consumption in litres per kilometre for vehicle type i (1 litre per km) NCV fuel = the Calorific value of the fuel (MJ/Kg or other unit) (36.295) EF fuel = the Emission factor of the fuel (tCO2/MJ) (0.0000741)
Ex-ante calculations of Base Line Emissions
As per formula (2): BE y = (MB y - MD reg,y )+EG y*CEF baseline,elec,y +EG d,y *CEF d+HG y*CEF baseline,therm,y = (MB y – 0) + 0 * 0 + 0 * 0 + 0 * 0 = MB y
As per formula (3):
y −k j (y* −x) −kj MB y = BE CH4, SWDS, y = ϕ 1(* − )f * GWP CH4 (1* - OX) * 16 12/ * F * DOC f * MCF * ∑ * ∑ Wj, x * DOC j * e 1(* − e ) x=1 j=W = y 0.9 * (1-0) * 21 * (1-0) * 16/12 * 0.5 * 0.77 * 1.0* −k j (y* −x) −kj ∑ * ∑112,272t * DOC j * e 1(* − e ) x=1 j=W y = 9.702 * −k j (y* −x) −kj ∑ * ∑112,272t * DOC j * e 1(* − e ) x=1 j=W
Amount of waste, composition (waste type), decay rates and DOC j –values. Material balance for the composting plant is provided in Annex 3. PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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Fiscal Year Mixed A :Garden & B: Food A-B park waste waste
DOC values j 20% 15% (wet waste) Decay rates 0.2 0.7 (k-values) Waste 16.7% 83.33% Composition t/yr t/yr t/yr 2009 90000 15030 74970 2010 90000 15030 74970 2011 90000 15030 74970 2012 90000 15030 74970 2013 90000 15030 74970 2014 90000 15030 74970 2015 90000 15030 74970 2016 90000 15030 74970 2017 90000 15030 74970 2018 90000 15030 74970 2019 90000 15030 74970
B.6.4 Summary of the ex-ante estimation of emission reductions: >>
Year Estimation of Estimation of Estimation of Estimation of project activity baseline leakage emission reduction emission emissions (tonnes of (tonnes of (tonnes of (tonnes of CO2e) CO2e) CO2e) CO2e) April 1 st 2009 1,197 29,329 495 27,637 2010 1,940 59,628 660 57,028 2011 2,126 70,723 660 67,938 2012 2,230 76,973 660 74,082 2013 2,292 80,682 660 77,729 2014 2,332 83,020 660 80,028 2015 2,358 84,587 660 81,569 2016 2,376 85,697 660 82,661 2017 2,390 86,521 660 83,471 2018 2,401 87,153 660 84,092 Jan 1 st 2019 to March 31 st 2019 602 21,912 165 21,145 Total (tonnes of CO2e) 22,244 766,224 6,600 737,380
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B.7 Application of the monitoring methodology and description of the monitoring plan:
B.7.1 Data and parameters monitored:
Data / Parameter: F Data unit: - Description: Fraction of methane captured at the SWDS and flared, combusted or used in another manner. Source of data to be Written information from the operator of the solid waste disposal site and/or used: site visits at the solid waste disposal site. Value of data applied 0 for the purpose of calculating expected emission reductions in section B.5 Measurement procedures (if any): Monitoring frequency: Annual inspections QA/QC procedures to - be applied: Any comment: -
Data / Parameter: GWPCH4 Data unit: tCO2e / t CH4 Description: Global Warming Potential (GWP) of methane, valid for the relevant commitment period Source of data to be Decisions under UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol (a value of 21 is to be used: applied for the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol) Value of data applied 21 for the purpose of calculating expected emission reductions in section B.5 Measurement procedures (if any): Monitoring frequency: Annual monitoring QA/QC procedures to be applied: Any comment:
Data / Parameter: Wx Data unit: Tonne(s) or SI unit: t PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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Description: Total amount of organic waste prevented from disposal in year x (tonnes) Source of data to be Measurements by project participants through weighbridge at site entrance used: Value of data applied Average of 300 tonnes / day, which amounts to 90,000 tonnes/yr. for the purpose of MS Smart is expecting to receive 500 tons / day as son as the composting calculating expected facility is operational. The city is keen to minimize waste going to the landfill emission reductions in in order to extend its lifetime. section B.5 Measurement All vehicles bringing waste are monitored. procedures (if any): Monitoring frequency: Data aggregated at least annually QA/QC procedures to Weighbridge to be calibrated annually by independent entity be applied: Any comment: The input of waste at the composting plant will be maintained at the 300 tons / day capacity during the 10 years operational lifetime of the project.
Data / Parameter: pn,j,x Data unit: Percentage of waste type Description: Weight fraction of the waste type j in the sample n collected during the year x Source of data to be Sampling used: Value of data applied for the purpose of Annual Average calculating expected Components (%) emission reductions in section B.5 Food Waste 83.3 Garden & park waste 16.7
TOTAL 100.0
Based upon waste composition testing by city of Kota Kinabalu and MS SMART.
Measurement The size and frequency of sampling should be statistically significant with a procedures (if any): maximum uncertainty range of 20% at a 95% confidence level. See Annex 4 for details. Monitoring frequency: As a minimum, sampling should be undertaken four times (every three months) per year. QA/QC procedures to See Annex 4 for details. be applied: Any comment: Since the waste includes several waste categories j, as categorized in the tables for DOCj and kj , this parameter needs to be monitored.
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Data / Parameter: Z Data unit: - Description: Number of samples collected during the year x Source of data to be Project participants used: Value of data applied 24 for the purpose of calculating expected emission reductions in section B.5 Measurement See table Annex 4.3 procedures (if any): Monitoring frequency: - QA/QC procedures to - be applied: Any comment: -
Compliance Data / Parameter: RATE y Data unit: - Description: State level compliance rate of MSW Management Rules in year y. Source of data to be Municipal Bodies; National Legislation used: Value of data applied 0 for the purpose of calculating expected emission reductions in section B.5 Measurement procedures (if any): Monitoring frequency: Verified annually. QA/QC procedures to - be applied: Any comment: -
Data / Parameter: MWh e,y Data unit: MWh Description: Amount of electricity consumed from the grid in the project activity Source of data to be kWh meter used: Value of data applied 50 MWh / year for the use of the drum screen. for the purpose of calculating expected emission reductions in section B.5 Measurement The electricity consumption is monitored on a monthly basis by calibrated PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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procedures (if any): KWh meters. The meters are controlled, operated and maintained by the local Electricity Holding Company. The data are recorded monthly. The total electricity consumption is accumulated yearly and records are kept eelectronic during the crediting period and two years after. QA/QC procedures to kWh-meter will be subject to regular calibration, maintenance and testing to be applied: ensure accuracy (in accordance with instructions of the meter supplier/ electricity company). Any comment: The calibration procedures of the local electricity company are not know yet by the Project Participants. Therefore the exact calibration procedure should be verified by the Verifying DOE during the implementation/ construction phase of the project (prior to operations). The procedures should then be specified in the monitoring plan.
Data / Parameter: CEF elec Data unit: tCO 2e/MWh Description: CO 2 Emission Factor of the grid. Source of data to be Source: Project Design Document for the CDM approved Factory energy efficiency used: improvement in compressed air demand and supply in Malaysia http://cdm.unfccc.int/UserManagement/FileStorage/B4WKR9FSS4EP6LNTDTXTWN CJ8EF18A
Value of data applied 0.631 tCO 2e/MWh for the purpose of calculating expected emission reductions in section B.5 Measurement procedures (if any): Monitoring frequency: Ex-ante (start of the crediting period) QA/QC procedures to Calculated at the start of the crediting period (or diesel default factor is used) be applied: Any comment: To account for emissions of electricity generation a conservative CEFelec value of 0,631 tCO 2e/MWh has been used. The value is based on information provided in the PDD of the CDM approved Factory energy efficiency improvement in compressed air demand and supply in Malaysia.
Data / Parameter: Fcons,y Data unit: l (litres) or kg Description: Fuel consumption on site in year y Source of data to be Invoices for fuel purchase used: Value of data applied l for the purpose of calculating expected emission reductions in section B.5 PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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Measurement procedures (if any): Monitoring frequency: Annually QA/QC procedures to The amount of fuel will be derived from the paid fuel invoices (administrative be applied: obligation) Any comment: -
Data / Parameter: Mcompost Data unit: Tonnes (t) Description: Total quantity of compost produced in year y Source of data to be (Audited) Plant Records used: Value of data applied Approximately 45,000 tonnes / year for the purpose of calculating expected emission reductions in section B.5 Measurement Sales invoices of the compost will be kept at the project site. They will contain procedures (if any): customer contact details, physical location of delivery, type, amount (in tonnes) and the use of the compost. A list of customers and delivered SD amount will be kept at the project site. Monitoring frequency: Daily QA/QC procedures to be applied: Any comment: -
Data / Parameter: SOD Data unit: Number Description: Number of samples per year with an Oxygen Deficiency (Oxygen level below 10%) Source of data to be Weekly measurements using oxygen meter used: Value of data applied 2 for the purpose of calculating expected emission reductions in section B.5 Measurement Samples with oxygen content <10%. procedures (if any): Monitoring frequency: Weekly measurements, but aggregated annually
QA/QC procedures to See S total Oxygen monitoring equipment maintenance according to be applied: manufacturer’s specifications. Any comment: Used to determine percentage of compost material that behaves anaerobically.
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Data unit: Number
Description: Total number of samples taken per year where S total should be chosen in a manner that ensures estimation of S a with 20% uncertainty at 95% confidence level Source of data to be Weekly measurements using oxygen meter used: Value of data applied 100 for the purpose of calculating expected emission reductions in section B.5 Measurement Statistically significant procedures (if any): Monitoring frequency: Weekly measurements at 25 spots of the composting plant, but aggregated annually
QA/QC procedures to O2 measurement-instrument will be subject to periodic calibration (in be applied: accordance with instructions of instrument supplier). Measurement itself to be done by a standardised mobile gas detection instrument. A statistically significant sampling procedure will be set up that consists of multiple measurements throughout the different stages of the composting process according to a predetermined pattern (depths and scatter) on a weekly basis. Any comment: The measurement-instrument has not been selected yet. It will be selected during the implementation phase of the plant. At which time the monitoring plan will be finalized and verified by the Verifying DOE. The oxygen calibration procedure will be part of that monitoring plan.
Data / Parameter: NO vehicles,i,y Data unit: Number Description: Number of vehicles for transport with similar loading capacity Source of data to be Counting/ Measurement used: Value of data applied 818 vehicles for each year for the purpose of calculating expected emission reductions in section B.5 Measurement Counting of incoming and out going vehicle (per type). procedures (if any): QA/QC procedures to Counter should accumulate the number of trucks per carrying capacity. Number be applied: of vehicles must match with total amount of sold compost. Procedures will be checked regularly by DOE Any comment: On the basis of the scheduled growth of the compost plant, the number of vehicles will increase substantially
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Data / Parameter: DT i,y Data unit: Km Description: Average additional distance traveled by vehicle type I compared to baseline in year y Source of data to be Estimation based on the average difference of distances from collection points used: to landfill versus distances from collection points to the composting site. Value of data applied 300 km (double distance). for the purpose of calculating expected emission reductions in section B.5 Measurement - procedures (if any): Monitoring frequency: Annually QA/QC procedures to Assumption to be re-evaluated annually and to be approved by verifying DOE be applied: Any comment: The compost is being sold to the farmers. Transport of the compost is conducted by an independent company. The average single distance is estimated at 150 kilometres (300 km double distance).
Data / Parameter: VF cons,i Data unit: l/km Description: Vehicle fuel consumption in liters per kilometer for vehicle type i. Source of data to be Data accepted by the verifying DOE and/ or data based on truck manufacturer’s used: specs of similar trucks. Value of data applied 1 litre per kilometre for the purpose of calculating expected emission reductions in section B.5 Measurement Data accepted by the verifying DOE and/ or data based on truck manufacturer’s procedures (if any): specs of similar trucks. Monitoring frequency: Annually QA/QC procedures to Data is recorded and stored on electronic media until two years after the credit be applied: period ends. Any comment: As no information could be obtained on the vehicle consumption in litres per kilometre a conservative value of 1 litre per kilometre was used as the value applied for the purpose of calculating expected emission reductions.
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B.7.2 Description of the monitoring plan:
The Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting project will be run by a Project General Manager who is responsible for the following sectors: • Administrative Affaird Department • Financial Affairs Department • Operations Department • Maintenance and Transport Department • Quality Control Department
The Operations Department consists of 2 units, namely the composting plant and the recycling plant. Both units will be managed by the head of the Operations Department.
The project general manager will have the overall responsibility for the activities related to implementation of the procedures as described in the monitoring plan (see annex 4). The Quality Unit that contains a laboratory and reports & record unit will report directly to the project manager. The Quality Control Department will carry out the internal audits and the quality control and quality assures procedures as described in the monitoring plan.
Quality Assurance • All energy and flow meters will be calibrated at pre-planned preventive maintenance scheduled as indicated by the manufacturer of the equipment. • All data will be archived electronically till 2 years after the respective crediting period is over.
Management Structure: • The parameters that requires daily monitoring, will be recorded by the head of the Operations Department with closed collaboration to the Quality Control Department. • The daily logged sheets will be checked and signed off by the Project General Manager or the head of the Operations Department. • Monthly compilation of all parameters and archiving will be responsibility of the Project General Manager or the head of the Operations Department. • Preparation of monitoring reports will be responsibility of the Project General Manager; • Every 6 months an internal audit will be conducted by the Quality Control Department to verify and report on the performance of the project. • Every 6 months, the Director of MS Smart company will review the performance of the project and monitoring reports and checks. • As part of the crediting procedure, the verifying DOE will conduct annual – or as and when required, third party verification on emission reduction. • The World Bank Carbon Finance Unit will be responsible for all communication on the project with EB of UNFCCC; • From the project sponsor side, the Director of MS Smart company will be responsible for communication with the EB of UNFCCC.
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B.8 Date of completion of the application of the baseline study and monitoring methodology and the name of the responsible person(s)/entity(ies)
The baseline was completed on 28/02/2008 by Ahmed Mostafa. The person who determined the baseline is not a project participant.
SECTION C. Duration of the project activity / crediting period
C.1 Duration of the project activity :
C.1.1. Starting date of the project activity :
01/04/2009
C.1.2. Expected operational lifetime of the project activity:
10 years
C.2 Choice of the crediting period and related information:
C.2.1. Renewable crediting period
C.2.1.1. Starting date of the first crediting period :
Not applicable.
C.2.1.2. Length of the first crediting period :
Not applicable.
C.2.2. Fixed crediting period :
C.2.2.1. Starting date:
April 1st 2009 or the date of registration whichever is later.
C.2.2.2. Length:
10 Years
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SECTION D. Environmental impacts
D.1. Documentation on the analysis of the environmental impacts, including transboundary impacts:
An Environmental Impact Assessment of the sorting and composting facilities was conducted during the period October 2007 and February 2008 by the company GSR Environmental Consultancy. The main findings of the EIA related to the project activity (composting plant), which was published in January 2008, is presented below (details are presented in Annex 4):
The environmental impacts during the construction and operational phases of the project are associated with air pollution, noise pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, fauna/pest control (only during plant operation), occupational health and safety, and traffic/transport. The project’s environmental impacts are found to be well defined, site-specific, minor and easily manageable. The local environmental impacts and the associated mitigation measures during construction of the composting plant and operation of the sorting-and-composting plant are presented in Annex 4.
The environmental monitoring plan for the project involves monitoring of: (i) ambient air at the composting plant, and the City Hall staff quarters area; (ii) noise at the composting plant, and the City Hall staff quarters area; and (iii) quality of the stormwater discharge from the composting plant and the quality of groundwater. In addition, periodic inspections and testing of process equipment, periodic inspection of emergency equipment, and regular health screening of plant workers will be conducted. A summary of the environmental monitoring program during construction and operation of the composting plant are presented in Annex 4. The project sponsor has the responsibility for implementing the EMP. The environmental monitoring during the construction and operational phases will be carried out by a laboratory with Malaysian laboratory accreditation.
During construction, Smart Recycling will ensure that all contracts with contractors and subcontractors stipulate all construction measures given in the EMP of the EA, operational design criteria, and health and safety standards which must be implemented at the project site. Implementation of these measures will be enforced and supervised by the appointed Project Manager who will have direct responsibility for the Environment, Safety and Quality Assurance Program on site during the construction and commissioning phase. The Project Manager will be responsible for ensuring that construction works comply with the requirements of the Environmental Management and Social Development Plan and all environmental permits.
During operation, the Plant Manager will be ultimately responsible for environmental compliance and the implementation of the mitigation measures, monitoring, and recordkeeping aspects of the EMP. The Plant Manager will be based at the site and will also be responsible for recruiting, training and managing his staff. Environmental aspects of the EMP will be carried out by the Environmental Affairs Unit under the responsibility of the Quality Control Department. The in-house Laboratory Unit will conduct some process monitoring and some product quality monitoring. In addition, for certain sampling and analyses an external laboratory certified in Malaysia will be contracted. The occupational health and safety aspects of the EMP will be implemented by the Industrial Health and Safety Unit under the Administrative Affairs Department. PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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Smart Recycling will ensure that all staff employed at the sorting and composting plant be given environmental training in the following areas: (i) general operation of the sorting and composting plant, (ii) specific job roles and procedures, (iii) occupational health and safety, and (iv) contingency plans and emergency response procedures. In addition, the staff of the Environmental Affairs Department will receive training in the following areas: (i) day-to-day monitoring activities, (ii) collection and analysis of air quality and noise data, (iii) monitoring of the water effluents, (iv) industrial hygiene, (v) occupational health and safety, and (vi) emergency and contingency procedures. Occupational health and safety training will include at a minimum: (i) general area safety, (ii) specific job safety, (iii) hearing conservation, (iv) code of safe work practices, (v) use of personal protective equipment, and (vi) first-aid. Smart Recycling will also prepare an emergency response plan (ERP) for various possible emergencies like fire, explosion, oil or chemical spillage, vehicle accidents, and industrial accidents; and will ensure that all plant personnel have sufficient understanding of the emergency response procedures and evacuation routes. The operation of the plant’s emergency plan will be the responsibility of the designated safety officer and supporting staff.
The Bank’s Indigenous Peoples Policy (OP/BP 4.10) is not triggered as the project site offers employment opportunities to “individuals”, and there is no “group” involvement of any indigenous people communities. The current labor force at the sorting plant is approximately 70% Malaysian (mostly from local areas in the State of Sabah) and 30% from neighboring countries. The project sponsor complies with Kota Kinabalu City Hall’s requirement that at least 50% of the workers at the sorting and composting plant be Sabahian (from the State of Sabah).
Since the project does not require acquisition of additional land beyond that provided by the Kota Kinabalu City Hall at the landfill site and will not cause any adverse social impacts on the communities living in the nearby settlements, the Bank’s Involuntary Resettlement Policy is not triggered.
In addition to the environmental benefits, the project will also bring economic benefits to the local communities in terms of new jobs. Approximately 110 workers will be required for which preference would be given to the local workers.
The Bank procedures for public consultation were used twice with the project-affected people, the first time during scoping and preparation of the EA (e.g. with the residents of the nearby City Hall quarters as well as nearby villages) and the second time (in November 2007) at a public meeting to solicit comments and suggestions on the draft EA report. Participants included, among others, representatives from Consumer Association of Sabah and Labuan; Village heads of Lapasan, Salut, Peniang and Norowot villages; Environment Action Committee, Sabah Environmental Protection Association; and Sabah Society. The English language of the EA report and its Malay language executive summary were disclosed at the communal hall of the Kota Kinabalu City Hall on March 25, 2008 after being advertised in a local newspaper on March 22, 2008. The (Federal) Department of Environment, Sabah has agreed to maintain permanently a copy of the final EA Report in its library, which is accessible to the public. In addition, the EA was first disclosed at InfoShop on January 10, 2008, and the updated (including the final) versions of the EA Report were subsequently disclosed at InfoShop.
In conclusion, the EIA has evaluated the potential environmental impacts during construction and operation of the Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant. The EIA consultant has made PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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recommendations for implementation of the mitigation measures which have been incorporated in this Project EIA Report. The assessment indicates that no significant environmental impacts will occur as a result of the construction or operation of the Plant.
D.2. If environmental impacts are considered significant by the project participants or the host Party , please provide conclusions and all references to support documentation of an environmental impact assessment undertaken in accordance with the procedures as required by the host Party :
There is no significant and trans-boundary effect expected from the project activity.
SECTION E. Stakeholders’ comments >>
E.1. Brief description how comments by local stakeholders have been invited and compiled:
Public consultations were used twice with the project-affected people, the first time during scoping and preparation of the EA (e.g. with the residents of the nearby City Hall quarters as well as nearby villages) and the second time (in November 2007) at a public meeting to solicit comments and suggestions on the draft EA report. Participants included, among others, representatives from Consumer Association of Sabah and Labuan; Village heads of Lapasan, Salut, Peniang and Norowot villages; Environment Action Committee, Sabah Environmental Protection Association; and Sabah Society. The English language of the EA report and its Malay language executive summary were disclosed at the communal hall of the Kota Kinabalu City Hall on March 25, 2008 after being advertised in a local newspaper on March 22, 2008. The (Federal) Department of Environment, Sabah has agreed to maintain permanently a copy of the final EA Report in its library, which is accessible to the public. Please refer to details in Annex 7.
Affected groups and NGOs must be consulted as part of the CDM project. The primary purpose of this provision is to protect the interests of affected communities. Therefore, the consultation and disclosure process included dissemination of information to key stakeholders involved in and/or affected by the Composting Plant Project.
The objectives of consultation and disclosure are to ensure that all stakeholders and interested parties, are fully informed of the proposed project, have the opportunity to voice their concerns and that any issues resulting from this process are addressed in the EIA and incorporated into the design and implementation of the project.
Consultation methodology:
The adopted methodology for the public consultation comprises two phases, including four elements, namely:
Phase I
1. Discussions with local stakeholders during scoping and preparation of this EIA-Report; PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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2. As far as public disclosure is concerned, major initiatives to inform the public and interested parties about the Sorting and Composting Plant Project include the following: a. Press advertisement describing the project and inviting interested parties to attend the public meeting and review the Draft Final EIA Report(presented below); b. Distribution of Stakeholders questionnaire forms; c. Distribution of an invitation (Stakeholders Attendance List and List of Invited persons and organizations are presented below) ; and d. The Draft Final EIA Report, including the Executive Summary, locally at the DBKK’s office and MS Smart’s Office at the Sorting Facility in Kota Kinabalu, and via the World Bank Infoshop.
Phase II
1. The organization of a Public Meeting in the City of Kota Kinabalu, and on-going consultation through an “open-door” policy during construction and operation of the Composting Plant.
E.2. Summary of the comments received: i. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: Is there a receiving area within the The Sorting Plant has been in operation since May 2006, Project site where the sorting of the it has a reception area with a one day’s storage capacity recyclables will take place? prior to the process of recovery of recyclables. At the end of the end of 3 processes the recovered materials are baled and sold to buyers. ii. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: How much of the 450 tonnes of the The organic fraction of the incoming MSW from the incoming MSW is organic waste? Sorting Facility amounts to 225 tonne per day, while the yard waste will be directly delivered to the Composting Facility amounts to 45 tonne per day. iii. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: What kind of air emissions are With good control of the composting process as per the expected from the composting recommended techniques (aerobic windrow piles? composting), the only air emissions will carbon dioxide, water vapour and trace amounts of volatile organic compounds. The control parameters for this type of composting process are temperature, oxygen levels, moisture content and Carbon/nitrogen ratio. If these parameters are not closely observed then odorous compounds may be emitted which include Hydrogen Sulphide, mercaptans and ammonia. iv. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: What are the operating hours of the The Sorting Facility is currently operating one shift of Sorting and Composting Plant? 8-10 hours. The Facility has 3 independent lines, each of with processing capacity of 160 tonne per day and can PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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be operated up to 2 shifts per day as the need arises. The composting plant is operated on a 24-hr basis and involves a continuous process. v. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: What would happen if there is any Minor breakdowns may involve mechanical failure of major breakdown in the Sorting processing equipment. Since there are 3 independent Facility and how will this be processing lines for the Sorting operation, the Sorting handled in terms of the incoming process interruption will only be transient due to MSW? available speedy maintenance procedure. The only major breakdown will be due to total power failure for which there is a standby genset. vi. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant Is it not better to have MSW to be MSS prefers sorting to occur at source as this would separated out at source? result in all the segregated organics to go directly to the Composting Facility. He further explained that the recyclables received at the Sorting Facility would be in a cleaner condition. He stated that MS Smart is currently in discussions with DBKK to promote the separation at source. vii. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: Do you have any analytical data on We do not have this as yet but data is available from the the compost material that will be Egyptian experience. produced? Mr Rsunaathan: Some random samples of compost material have been sent to the University of Malaya, Sabah for analysis. He also informed that they have tied up with the University to conduct regular quality control tests on the compost. viii. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: What is the construction period of Total of 8 months including design phase and the Composting Facility? construction activities. ix. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: Will medical waste be handled at Clinical Waste is not delivered to the Project Site. the Sorting Plant? However there may be instance when some needles and other medical wastes that are carelessly disposed by smaller clinics and homes. x. Mrs Zahra Yaacob : EA Consultant: Requested the Environment This matter is to be taken up by the local environmental Consultant to consult Prof Ridzuan consultant in the second EIA Study. of University of Malaya, Sabah regarding fishery projects in the Salut Bay and environmental implications. She also indicated that there may be greater concern for environmental implications for the Mengkabong area. PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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xi. Mrs Zahra Yaacob : EA Consultant: Raised concern regarding certain This matter is to be taken up by the local environmental paddy fields that are reported to be consultant in the second EIA Study. affected by the discharge of leachate from the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill. xii. Mrs Zahra Yaacob : EA Consultant: Requested for information on the Briefed the meeting on the Due Diligence Audit on the environmental impacts of the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill that was performed for landfill operations. the World Bank. He briefly explained regarding environmental issues of the landfill operations including leachate treatment non-compliance and problems of odour affecting the local communities. He also explained about the mitigation measures recommended in the EA report as well as those proposed to be undertaken by DBKK in the near future. He emphasized that measures are to be taken to alleviate odour, noise and dust nuisances thaqt could be affecting the residence of the DBKK staff quarters located about 150m. from the active landfill area. xiii. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: What is the expected closure date The landfill is approximately 80% depleted. The of the landfill? original design of the landfill was based on 250 tonne per day of incoming MSW. Based on this quantity the landfill was to be closed in 2011. However, the present quantity of the incoming MSW is 450 tonne per day and at this present rate the landfill will be closed end of 2008. It was also informed that the DBKK is currently in the process of extending the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill. The capacity of this extension is not known. xiv. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: Has DBKK considered other areas No other areas are being presently considered, however for landfill operations? two other alternate sites were considered during the 1995 EIA Study before the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill was considered.
Ms Julia (DOE): He also asked if the DOE was She was not aware of whether any alternative landfill aware of any other alternative sites have been referred to the DOE. landfill sites are being considered by the DBKK? xv. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: He wanted to know if According to World Bank Procedures the invitation was Environmental Protection to be made via advertisements in the local newspapers, Department and other concerned which was done. NGO’s had been invited to this Invitations were also extended to the EDP and the PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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meeting? relevant NGO’s. among those who did not turn up were the EPD, Environmental Action Committee and Consumer Association of Sabah and Labaun. xvi. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: Asked if the Environmental The Consultant was not aware of the project and Consultant was aware of a Oyster suggested that this matter be taken up by the local Culture project in the Salut Bay / environment consultant in the second EIA Study. Mengkabong Bay Area xvii Mrs Zahra Yaacob : EA Consultant: When is the construction of the DOE approval of the EIA report has to be secured then Composting Facility expected to there will be a project appraisal by the World Bank commence? expected by the end of this year. The ERPA is expected to be signed in January 2008. It is hoped the construction can commence in Feb/Mar 2008. xviii Mrs Zahra Yaacob : EA Consultant: Reminded the Environmental Noted Consultant to consult, for the next EIA, the following parties; 1. Environmental Protection Department 2. Kota Kinabalu Industrial Park 3. Polytechnic
E.3. Report on how due account was taken of any comments received: All questions and enquires were addressed to the satisfaction of the Stakeholders and participants of the consultation meeting. PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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Annex 1
CONTACT INFORMATION ON PARTICIPANTS IN THE PROJECT ACTIVITY
Organization: MS SMART Recycling (M) Sdn. Bhd. Street/P.O.Box: No. 29 Jalan Besi, 3 ½ miles off Jalan Sungai Besi Building: - City: Kuala Lumpur State/Region: Wilayah Persekutuan Postfix/ZIP: 57100 Country: Federation of Malaysia Telephone: +603-7982-4673 FAX: +603-7984-2013 E-Mail: URL: Represented by: Title: Salutation: Mr. Last Name: Ulaganathan Middle Name: First Name: Subramaniam Department: Mobile: +6016-4401411 Direct FAX: Direct tel: Personal E-Mail:
Organization: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) as a Trustee of Carbon Fund for Europe Street/P.O.Box: 1818H St City: Washington, DC State/Region: District of Columbia Postfix/ZIP: 20433 Country: USA Telephone: 202-458-1873 FAX: 202-522-7432 E-Mail: [email protected] URL: www.carbonfinance.org Represented by: Ms. Joelle Chassard Title: Manager Salutation: Ms. Last Name: Joelle Middle Name: First Name: Chassard PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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Department: Environment Department Mobile: Direct FAX: 202-522-7432 Direct tel: 202-458-1873 Personal E-Mail:
Organization: Ministère de l’Environnement Street/P.O.Box: 18 Montee de la Petrusse City: Luxembourg State/Region: Luxembourg Postfix/ZIP: 2918 Country: Luxembourg Telephone: +352 247 86824 FAX: +352 400 410 E-Mail: [email protected] URL: www.emwelt.lu Represented by: Title: Conseiller de direction premiere classe Salutation: Last Name: Haine Middle Name: / First Name: Henri Department: Ministry of Environment Mobile: / Direct FAX: +352 400 410 Direct tel: +352 247 86816 Personal E-Mail: [email protected]
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Annex 2
INFORMATION REGARDING PUBLIC FUNDING
No public funding has been sought for the project activity.
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Annex 3
Composting plant detailed description
The composting plant will adopt the windrow technology to produce marketable compost. The feed to the composting plant will include the yard/garden waste and the highly biodegradable organic waste from the sorting plant. Given the high nitrogen content materials (e.g. yard waste, garden waste) in the composting feed, saw dust or wood – after being milled by a wood chipper – will be added as a carbon source to maintain the desired C:N ratio.
The parameters that play a significant role in producing good quality compost are oxygen level, water (humidity), and temperature. An unbalanced source of organic materials or nutrient balance, not enough oxygen, or too much or too little water can result in the production of foul odours and other undesirable compounds that can result in an inferior compost product. The nutrient balance of carbon-to-nitrogen is critical in the production of compost. Carbon makes up about 50% of the cells of the fungi and bacteria involved in composting. Nitrogen is essential for protein synthesis and cell growth. The typically recommended C:N ratios for composting MSW is 25:1 to 40:1 by weight. Lower ratios result in excess nitrogen which accelerates the process and use up the available oxygen. This leads to anaerobic conditions that generate unpleasant odors. Excess nitrogen also converts to ammonia gas that compounds the odor problem. At higher C:N ratios there is insufficient nitrogen for cell growth and the process slows as the bacteria population cannot reach its optimum size.
The highly biodegradable organic waste will be placed into windrows using a self-propelled windrow turner. Each windrow will have a height of 1.5 meters, a width of 3.6 meters, and a length of approximately 100 meters. A 2-meter space will be left between the adjacent windrows to allow passage of the windrow turning machine. A minimum number of 60 windrows are required to process 300 tpd of composting plant feed. 12
The site for the windrows will be prepared on an appropriately designed, impermeable surface to prevent wastewater/leachate penetration into the groundwater. The air permeable geotextile sheets will be used to cover the windrows during composting. This geotextile cover will prevent contamination of the surface runoff from by the in-process compost. There will be adequate aboveground drainage and stormwater retention to prevent heavy downpours washing nutrient-rich leachate into the surface water (Figure 4).
The compost turning machines will provide the oxygen necessary for the aerobic digestion process, maintain temperature within the windrow, and mill and increase the homogeneity of the waste to expose more surface area for bacterial activity. Windrows will be turned approximately twice a week. This action will move the material from the bottom of the windrow to the top and from the outside to the
12 The 300 tpd feed is based on 60 percent organic content of the incoming MSW received at the sorting plant at the design capacity of 500 tpd. PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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inside. This way a new windrow will be build along one side of a site. As the new windrow matures and is turned, it moves towards the far side of the site.
As composting progresses the mass and volume of material reduce and the windrows get smaller. This is because up to 50% of the mass is lost as carbon dioxide and water vapour and the bulk density increases from typically 550 kg/m 3 to 1,000 kg/m 3. When this occurs, two windrows are combined together into PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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Composting Plant Layout
N
Leachate collection drain to retention tanks
Composting area
Storm water drains
Covered Storage area and Final Processing area
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one windrow. As the temperature of the windrows decreases, the rate of decomposition also slows down. The windrows will have to be turned to reactivate the decomposition process. When the temperature rise is not more 5°C above the ambient temperature even after turning, it is deemed that the active composting is complete. Temperature measurements will be conducted daily by the Smart Recycling personnel using portable temperature probes. The turning process typically lasts for a period of about 30 days for fermentation.
Each windrow will have a unique label to indicate the sequence of its formation, starting from plant operation. Information on the label will include the windrow number, construction date, material weight, temperature (daily record), moisture content (daily record first and two-day record afterwards), and organic material content (every three days). Data will be recorded by Smart Recycling personnel for process control, which will ensure that the compost has a balanced sources of organic materials, adequate aeration, ideal humidity to avoid the production of foul odors and other undesirable compounds that may inhibit plant growth and result in an inferior quality of the final compost product.
Based on laboratory results, windrows will be turned to provide sufficient oxygen to the compost to enable aerobic breakdown of microorganisms into organic matters that would be acceptable to plants. This will also allow the compost to develop sufficient temperature for safe hygienization. Laboratory test results will also indicate that how much water will be added to windrows to keep the humidity at optimal level to speed up the digestion and maturation processes of the compost. Specifically, humidity in the compost will be controlled at 60% at the beginning of the composting process, then at 55-60% during the first and second weeks and finally at about 50-55% for the rest of composting period.
After the fermentation period, the windrows will be consolidated using loaders for maturation for about 30 days. During the maturation period, the windrows will be covered by air-permeable geotextile sheets to prevent contamination of the surface runoff by the in-process compost. The site will be on an appropriately designed, impermeable surface to prevent leachate penetration into the groundwater. Drainage/stormwater management measures will be used to prevent surface water/groundwater contamination.
After the maturation period, the moisture content of the ready compost is about 25-35%. Skid steer loaders will then feed the compost to a screen to separate the compost that will be either sent to packaging in 25-kg bags or transferred directly to storage as a bulk product. The 25-kg packages will be placed on pallets and then transferred to storage for retail sale. The storage area for the bulk and 25-kg bagged compost will have a capacity of 1,200 tons under protection by a roof cover. Some of the compost from screening will be added back to a fresh windrow as it works as an initiator/activator for starting the composting process. Rejects removed from the compost through screening may include such materials as plastics, glass, metals, textile, brick, concrete, asphalt, or stone. These rejects will be transferred to the landfill.
Based on 500 tons/day MSW feed to the sorting and composting plant, it is expected that the composting plant will be able to process an average of approximately 300 tons/day of feed materials to produce approximately 150 tons/day (45,000 tons/year) of compost (Figure 5). PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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Figure 5: Material Balance for the Composting Plant
150 tons/day in form of H 2O, O 2 Bales of Recyclables and CO 2
Compost 23.2 tons/day
150 tons/day
Product 500 tons/day Reception 500.00 Sorting 300 t/d Composting 150 tons/day Refining MSW area ton s/day plant organics
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As there are no Malaysian quality standards for the compost, Smart Recycling will follow international industry standards (e.g. British Standards Institute’s specifications for composts, BSI PAS 100, with the key parameters presented in the table below)13 through assistance from UMS Link (the commercial arm of the University of Malaysia, Sabah). UMS Link will also support Smart Recycling in the area of improving the agricultural yield using compost.
The compost may contain trace quantities of contaminants in the form of heavy metals; mercury, lead, cadmium, copper and chromium. However, as these heavy metals will be removed in the sorting process, any residual quantities of heavy metals in the compost are expected to be within the acceptable limits stipulated in BSI PAS 100.
Currently, Smart Recycling is in the process of engaging services of UMS Link to undertake a detailed compost marketing study. In addition, the City Hall has agreed to purchase from Smart Recycling: (i) all the compost produced during the first year of the composting plant operation at no cost, and (ii) at a price agreeable by the City Hall for the subsequent years. The City Hall has also agreed that it will assist Smart Recycling for promoting use of compost in the Kota Kinabalu area.
13 BSI PAS 100 specifications cover the entire process; from raw materials, production and testing methods, through quality control and lab testing ensuring certified composts are quality assured, traceable, safe and reliable. PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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Compost Quality for General Use Parameter Test Methods Unit Upper limit Pathogens Salmonella spp ABPR 2003, schedule 2, part II 25g fresh mass Absent or BS EN ISO 6579 Escherichia coli BSI ISO 11866-3 CFUg-1 fresh mass 1000 Potentially Toxic Elements Cadmium (Cd) BS EN 13650 mg kg -1 dry matter 1.5 (soluble in aqua regia) Chromium (Cr) BS EN 13650 mg kg -1 dry matter 100 (soluble in aqua regia) Copper (Cu) BS EN 13650 mg kg -1 dry matter 200 (soluble in aqua regia) Lead (Pb) BS EN 13650 mg kg -1 dry matter 200 (soluble in aqua regia) Mercury (Hg) BS ISO 16772 mg kg -1 dry matter 1.0 Nickel (Ni) BS EN 13650 mg kg -1 dry matter 50 (soluble in aqua regia) Zinc (Zn) EN 13650 mg kg -1 dry matter 400 (soluble in aqua regia) Stability/maturity Microbial respiration rate ORG0020 mg CO2/g organic matter/day 16 Plant response Germination and BSI PAS 100 : 2005, Annex D Reduction in germination of plants 20 growth test in amended compost as % of germinated plants in peat control Description of any visible No abnormalities abnormalities Weed seeds and propagules Germinating Weed seeds BSI PAS 100 : 2005 Annex D Mean number per litre of compost 0 or propagules regrowth Physical contaminants Total glass, metal, plastic BSI PAS 100 : 2005, Annex E % mass/mass of ‘air-dry’ sample 0.5 (of which and any ‘other’ non-stone 0.25 is fragments > 2mm plastic)
Stones Stones > 4mm in grades BSI PAS 100 : 2005, Annex E % mass/mass of ‘air-dry’ sample 8 other than ‘mulch’
Stones >4mm 16 in ‘mulch’ grade Source: Waste & Resources Action Programme (WR
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Annex 4 Environmental impacts and mitigation measures
Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Plant Construction Potential Subject Area Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures Air pollution • Dust from construction • A minimum buffer distance of 61 meters shall be provided between the activities composting plant boundary and the nearest City Hall’s staff quarters to • Traffic-related air mitigate impacts due odor, bio-aerosol, and dust emissions. In addition, a quality impacts natural barrier of tall thick vegetation will be created or an artificial barrier erected on the sides facing the sorting and composting plant. • The project site will be wetted to minimize fugitive dust emissions, especially in and around the excavation and construction areas. • Friable materials will be placed and maintained to minimize fugitive dust emissions. • Vehicles and machinery will be maintained properly to limit exhaust air emissions. • Trucks will be covered with canvas when transporting friable construction materials. Noise • Noise from construction • A minimum buffer distance of 61 meters shall be provided between the pollution activities and vehicular composting plant boundary and the nearest City Hall’s staff quarters to movements mitigate impacts due to noise emissions. In addition, a natural barrier of tall thick vegetation will be created or an artificial barrier erected on the sides facing the composting plant. • Noisy construction activities will be limited and movement of heavy vehicles at night will be prohibited. • Vehicle speed limits and strict controls of vehicle routing will be enforced. • Diesel engine and construction equipment will be fitted with silencers. Water • Water pollution from • A site drainage plan will be developed to reduce flow velocity and pollution site drainage sediment load. • Water pollution from • Silt traps will be incorporated into the temporary drainage system around untreated sewage the composting facility to enhance deposition rates and prevent the contaminated water being discharged directly into the surrounding drainage system. • City Hall’s tire washing facility at the Landfill site will be used by all trucks exiting the project site to ensure no earth, mud and debris is deposited on roads outside the plant. Sand and silt in the wash water from such facilities shall be settled out and removed before discharging the used water into water drains. • All excavations will be kept free of water at all times until completion of construction and backfilling. Site control on fill, grading and ditching will be carried out to direct surface drainage away from their excavation and construction areas, and to direct water to proper drainage facilities. • Temporary water/toilet facilities will be provided and sewage discharges will be treated on site before discharge. • The composting facility will be properly designed to protect soil, PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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groundwater and surface water from contamination. Separate drainage systems will be constructed to channel stormwater at the sorting plant and composting plant. • Temporary stockpiles of soil will be protected from erosion by using a reduced slope angle where practical, sheeting, and by incorporating sediment traps in drainage ditches. • Construction of earthwork methods will be planned and executed to control surface drainage from cuts and fills and to prevent erosion and sedimentation. • Site will be graded to prevent standing water and to direct surface drainage away from excavations. • Site will be managed properly to minimize surface water runoff and soil erosion. • Drainage systems will be maintained adequately to prevent overflow. • Critical areas within the site will be clearly marked and provided with protective measures to control site runoff. • Temporary channels will be provided to facilitate runoff discharge into the appropriate watercourses via a sediment retention pond. Soil pollution • Soil contamination from • Surplus excavated materials will be temporarily stored at the locations oil, litter, excavated allocated at the proposed composting facility or removed to the landfill. materials The temporary storage sites for excavated earth materials on site will be cleaned and reinstated after completion of the works. • Contaminated soils or earth will be excavated and replaced with suitable compacted fill and topsoil. The excavated contaminated soils and Scheduled waste materials will be sent to appropriate licensed offsite facilities for recovery. • Soil contamination will be prevented through provision of oil and suspended solid interceptors. • Oily wastes from the heavy machineries will be handled and stored in a manner which ensures that they are held securely without leakage. Waste storage areas will be well maintained and cleaned regularly. • Only licensed waste collectors authorized to collect the specific category of waste concerned will be employed. • Appropriate measures will be employed to minimize windblown litter and dust during transportation by either covering trucks or transporting wastes in enclosed containers. • General refuse will be collected, carried out frequently (preferably daily) and disposed at the landfill. • Records will be maintained of the quantities of wastes generated, recycled and disposed. Traffic/ • Spillage of construction • Steps will be taken to ensure the cleanliness of construction vehicles Transport materials leaving and entering the site at all times to avoid contamination of the • Safety in transport surrounding area and public roadways. All trucks (including their tires) exiting the Project site will be washed at the City Hall’s existing truck washing facility. In addition, all dust-laden roadways within the Landfill site used by trucks under this project will be wetted down. These measures will be adhered to and closely monitored by site supervisor. • The project site will be wetted down to minimize fugitive dust emissions, especially in and around the excavation and construction PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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areas. • Spillage of friable excavated and construction materials onto roadways will be prevented during transportation by proper covering of truck loads with canvas. • Vehicle and machinery will be maintained properly to limit noise and exhaust air emissions. • On unpaved road, vehicle speed limits will be enforced to <35 km/h. • Site access will be restricted • Drop heights for material transfer activities (such as unloading of friable materials) will be minimized. Occupational • Impacts of work • Stability of the vertical slope near the City Hall staff quarters will be health and conditions on workers’ investigated. If necessary, the slope will be stabilized to prevent a land safety health (due to poor slide. working conditions, • The design and construction of the composting plant (especially in including lack of safety) waterlogged areas) should assure that there will be suitable drainage • Accidents and stability to support the heavy mobile equipment, such as windrow turner that will be used during composting operations. • The area along the top slope near the City Hall staff quarters will be fenced to prevent children from falling. • Temporary barriers will be constructed to prevent public entry to construction areas without proper personal protection equipment (PPEs) and to protect existing facilities and adjacent properties from damage from its construction operations. • Workers exposed to dust shall be provided with dust masks and will be required to use these masks. • Construction workers working in close proximity to the noise-generating sources will be provided with suitable protective hearing equipment and will be required to use such protective equipment. • Prior to piling work the potential damage to neighboring properties or structures due to vibration shall be assessed and appropriate actions will be taken. Socio- Workforce/community • As far as possible, local workers will be employed. However, if economic and relations employment of foreign workers is unavoidable, then proper legal cultural employment status and health records will be ensured. environment • If needed, proper on-site accommodation will be provided with adequate water supply, proper sanitation facilities for sewage disposal and solid waste disposal. • Foreign workers will be closely monitored to prevent anti-social behavior and related problems when interacting with local communities. PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Plant Operation Potential Subject Area Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures Air pollution • Dust emissions from • Good housekeeping will be practiced at the sorting and composting (including waste piles and traffic- plant. malodors) related impacts on • Operating parameters of the windrows (e.g. oxygen level, temperature) ambient air quality. will be regularly monitored to ensure that the composting process is • Odor generation from always in aerobic conditions. poor housekeeping and • Appropriate moisture levels of the windrows (especially during turning improper operating of the windrows) will be maintained to effectively control the air conditions emissions in the form of bio-aerosols. • A minimum buffer distance of 61 meters between the composting plant boundary and the City Hall staff quarters is expected to mitigate adverse impacts from odor, bio-aerosol and dust emissions to the residents of the City Hall staff quarters. In addition, a natural barrier of tall thick vegetation will be created or an artificial barrier erected on the sides facing the composting plant. • The incoming MSW will not be allowed to accumulate and will be processed to reduce the generation of odor due to putrefaction. Noise • Noise from the sorting • A minimum buffer distance of 61 meters between the composting plant pollution and composting plant boundary and the City Hall’s staff quarters is intended to minimize and vehicles to the adverse impacts due to noise emissions to the residents of the City surrounding areas Hall’s staff quarters. In addition, a natural barrier of tall thick vegetation will be created or an artificial barrier erected on the sides facing the composting plant. • Plant workers will be provided with protective wear in plant areas with high noise levels. • Generators and air compressors will be equipped with silencers. • Vehicle speed limits and strict controls of vehicle routing will be enforced • Movement of trucks at night will be prohibited. Soil/Water • Discharge of • The composting facility will be properly designed to protect soil, pollution wastewater (leachate groundwater and surface water from contamination. A separate and contaminated drainage system will be used to channel stormwater at the sorting plant stormwater) and the composting plant. • A dedicated drainage system for the composting plant will be used to collect and channel the leachate and the wastewater generated from floor washings to a retention pond or sump. The collected wastewater will be sprayed back on the windrows, using a closed loop system. • Air permeable geotextile sheet will be used to cover the windrows to prevent surface runoff. • A separate drainage system will be used to collect wash water and leachate from the waste reception area of the sorting plant. The collected leachate will then be sprayed back onto the windrows in a closed-loop system. • The drainage system will be regularly checked to ensure containment and efficient operation • All trucks (including their tires) exiting the project site will be washed at City Hall’s existing truck washing facility. In addition, all dust-laden PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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roadways within the Landfill site used by trucks under this project will be wetted down. These measures will be adhered to and closely monitored by site supervisor . Fauna/Pest • Presence of stray • Good housekeeping and regular maintenance will be implemented in the Control dogs/pests at the plant entire plant area. To control pests, MSW will be processed within 4-6 and surroundings hours of arrival at the Waste Receiving Area of the Sorting Plant. The movement and storage of incoming MSW and in-process material will be appropriately managed to prevent MSW and its components being strewn around the plant area. • Pest control measures will be implemented and health authorities will be consulted about the health risks posed by stray dogs at the project site. • The tires received at site will be appropriately disposed off to prevent vector breeding. Occupational • Impacts of work • Regular training programs on the general operation of the plant, health and conditions on workers’ occupational health and safety and contingency plans and emergency safety health (due to poor procedures will be conducted. The training program will be designed to working conditions, ensure that all site personnel (including the supervisors) are used to including lack of operate the plant and intimately familiar with the occupational health safety) and safety and emergency procedures including the health and injury • Accidents risks. • All employees will be provided with all necessary personal protective equipment (PPE), including protective clothing, eye goggles, gloves, hard hats, dust masks and safety shoes. Clean protective clothing will be provided by Smart Recycling to all employees on a weekly basis and will be worn at all times at the plant site. Gloves will be worn by all employees handling MSW or compost. Hard hats will be worn by all employees operating mobile equipment or working in areas where chutes are located. Noise protection equipment will be worn by all employees working near loud equipment. These measures will be strictly enforced by Smart Recycling management. • All men and women employees will be provided by Smart Recycling with separate shower facilities and change rooms with lockers. • An air-conditioned lunch facility of sufficient capacity will be provided by Smart Recycling to accommodate the employees on an appropriate rotational basis. • Health screening of the plant personnel will be performed at least every 6 months • Plant personnel who have been showing signs of allergies will be transferred or moved to areas of the plant that has low incidences of dust/ bio-aerosols. • Plant personnel will be inoculated against hepatitis, tetanus, and influenza. • Work areas hazards will be clearly marked and training will be conducted in recognition of hazard symbols. • Site emergency response plan will be developed. • All the above health and safety measures will be enforced by Smart Recycling. PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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Socio- Workforce/community • At least 50% of the workforce at the sorting and composting plants site economic and relations will be from the State of Sabah. cultural • Phasing out of the scavenging activities at the Landfill will be facilitated environment by offering employment at the sorting and composting plants. • Public awareness programs with the City hall and NGOs will be conducted on the environmental benefits of separating organic waste and recyclable materials at source.
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Environmental Monitoring Plan during Plant Construction
Parameters with Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Regulatory Monitoring Reporting No. Media Locations Ddurations Compliance Frequency Frequency • 1 sampling point-at the sorting TSP—24 hours plant PM-10—24 hours 1 Air (ambient) • 1 sampling point-near City Hall Environmental Quality Monthly Quarterly staff quarters (Clean Air) Regulations, • 2 sampling points-near the 1978 proposed composting plant (one point upwind and another point downwind) 2 Noise • 1 sampling point-1 meter from Ambient noise levels the boundary of the sorting plant (L Amax , L Amin , L Aeq , • 1 sampling point-1meter from LA10 , L A90 ) Malaysian Dept. of Env. Monthly Quarterly the boundary of the composting Readings will be taken guidelines: plant during 24 hours for max. 70 dB(A) during day • 1 sampling point-near the City day and night time max 60 dB(A) during night Hall staff quarters noise levels
3 Water -- Stormwater • 1 sampling point-perimeter COD—grab drains of the sorting plant BOD–5 —grab Environmental Quality Monthly Quarterly • 1 sampling point- discharge TSS—grab (Sewage and Industrial point of sediment pond at the Oil & grease—grab Effluents) Regulations, composting plant construction pH—grab 1979 site NH 3-N—grab -- Groundwater • 1 sampling point-groundwater well (located at the sorting plant) PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
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Environmental Monitoring Plan during Plant Operation
Parameters with Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Regulatory Monitoring Reporting No. Media Locations Ddurations Compliance Frequency Frequency 1 Air Quality (ambient) • 1 sampling point-near sorting TSP—24 hours plant PM-10—24 hours • 2 sampling points-near VOCs—24 hours Environmental Quality Monthly Quarterly composting plant (one point Methane—24 hours (Clean Air) Regulations, upwind and another point NH 3—instantaneous 1978 downwind) • 1 sampling point-near City Hall staff quarters
2 Noise • 1 sampling point-1 meter from LAmax the boundary of the sorting plant LAmin • 1 sampling point-1meter from LAeq Malaysian Dept. of Env. Monthly Quarterly the boundary of the composting LA10 guidelines: plant LA90 max. 70 dB(A) during day • 1 sampling point-Near the City Readings will be taken max 60 dB(A) during Hall staff quarters during 24 hours for night day and night time noise levels 3 Water -- Perimeter drains • 1 sampling point-perimeter drains COD—grab of the sorting plant BOD-5—grab • 1 sampling point-perimeter drains TSS—grab Environmental Quality Monthly Quarterly of the composting plant Oil & grease—grab (Sewage and Industrial -- Stormwater drains • 1 sampling point-stormwater pH—grab Effluents) Regulations, drains near the sorting plant NH 3-N—grab 1979 • 1 sampling point-stormwater drains near the composting plant -- Groundwater • 1 sampling point- groundwater well (located at the sorting plant) PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03.1.
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Annex 5
BASELINE INFORMATION
The Kayu Madang landfill was designed as a sanitary landfill at a 160-acre site that is owned, operated and monitored by Kota Kinabalu City Hall. Within this site, 115 acres were designated as the landfill area. The landfill was commissioned in September 1997 with expected closure in 2011, based on the initial estimated incoming quantity of 250 tons of waste per day. However, the current daily volume of incoming municipal solid waste of 400-460 tons per day has reduced the lifespan of the landfill and is estimated to be by the end of 2008. Recently, about 80% of the landfill has reached maximum height. The amount of waste that has already been disposed on the landfill is estimated to be 1.24 million tonnes. The cost of operation and maintenance of the landfill is financed by the municipality of Kota Kinabalu. Today the sorting plant is operating and receiving 500 tons/day of mixed MSW, which is sorted and recyclables materials are baled and sold to tird party, while the organic portion (60% of waste composition) is disposed of at the landfill. The Kota Kinabalu City Hall provides service for collection, transportation and disposal management. Waste is collected daily from within the Kota Kinabalu City including weekends and public holidays. Collection is done once in two days for areas that are further away from the city centre. Solid waste is collected by about 40 trucks owned by the Kota Kinabalu City Hall. There is no segregation of waste at source and there are no transfer stations in Kota Kinabalu. The project sponsor, MS SMART Recycling is entitled through a contractual agreement with the Kota Kinabalu City Hall to use the landfill for disposing of its non-recyclable, rejects, biodegradable and non-biodegradable segregated waste (inert material).
The municipal solid waste is collected from commercial, institutional, industrial and residential areas, which is mostly organic with an average moisture content of 50%. The composition of the waste is as follows:
Organic matter (food waste) 50.00% Garden waste 10.0% Recyclable fraction (%): − Glass 1.00 % − Plastics 3.00% − Ferrous metals 2.50% − Non-ferrous metals 0.01% − Paper 3.00%. − Tire 0.05% Segregated waste (inert material) 30.44% PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03.1.
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Annex 6
MONITORING INFORMATION
I. Background Information See for details the body text of the Project Design Document above. The project boundary is the composting-site where waste will be brought in and treated.
II. Purpose of the Monitoring Plan This report presents the Monitoring Plan (“the MP”) for the project, which has been based on a template commonly used by projects developed with support from the World Bank. The MP defines a standard against which the performance in terms of the project’s ERs (Emission Reductions) will be monitored and verified, in conformance with all relevant requirements of the CDM of the Kyoto Protocol. This MP will become an integral part of the Operational Manual. It will be subject to verification procedures.
III. Use of the Monitoring Plan by the Operator This MP identifies key performance indicators of the project and sets out the procedures for metering, monitoring, calculating and verifying the ERs generated by the project, annually. Adherence to the instructions in the MP is necessary for the operator to successfully measure and track the impact of the project on the environment and prepare all data required for the periodic audit and verification process that must be undertaken to confirm the achievement of the corresponding ERs. The MP is thus the basis for the production of ERs and accreditation of the ERs within the CDM. The MP can be updated and adjusted to meet operational requirements. The verifying Designated Operational Entity (DOE) approves such modifications during the process of initial or periodic verification. In particular, any shifts in the baseline scenario may lead to such amendments, which may be mandated by the verifier. Amendments may also be necessary as a consequence of new circumstances that affect the ability to monitor ERs as described here or to accommodate new or modified CDM rules.
IV. Organizational, Operational and Monitoring Obligations
IV.A. Obligations of the Operator Monitoring the project’s performance in terms of ERs achievement requires the fulfilment of operational data collection and processing obligations from the operator. The operator has the primary obligation to calculate the project ERs based on the most recent available information, following the ERs Calculation Procedure (“ERCP”) presented in this MP. In addition he should provide an Organizational Structure in which the roles and responsibilities of monitoring personnel are identified, and an ERCP Quality Control Procedure. Examples are provided with this MP, however these need to be updated prior to start of operations.
An ERCP Manager will be appointed who will be responsible for performing the ERCP, and a ‘MP Steering Committee’ be responsible for supervising the ERCP Manager monitoring work. The ERCP Manager will report to the MP Steering Committee; and both the ERCP Manager and MP Steering Committee co-ordinately will report to the verifier (when the verification takes place), allowing for a successful verification of the project’s accounted ERs .
The position of ERCP manager will be fulfilled by the project manager of the Kota Kinabalu Project. PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03.1.
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The MP Steering Committee will consist of the Managing Director, the plant manager, the Business Development Specialist and a fourth staff member of MS Smart.
If possible data required for the MP will come from calibrated meters (calibrated as indicated in suppliers manuals) and third party (i.e. electricity consumption). Where calibrated meters can not be used (e.g. the sampling of waste in order to determine the actual waste-composition), the ERCP Manager will develop standardised measuring and sampling procedures. The measurements and procedures can thus be easily verified by verifying DOE .
It is believed that the MP approach presented here will result in an accurate, yet conservative calculation of ERs. However some uncertainties may lead to a deviation between monitored and verified ERs, especially errors in the data monitoring and processing system. The operator is expected to prevent such errors and the verification audits are expected to uncover any possible errors. The Certified Emissions Reductions (“CERs”) would be granted ex-post verification.
Table Annex 4.1: Monthly Data Collection – agents involved in the monitoring Agent Deliverable The operator • Electricity consumption for equipment used on site. Data can be collected from installed kWh-instrument. • Fuel consumption for equipment used on site. Data can be based upon the received invoices for fuel. Operator shall keep/file receipt of invoices. • Produced compost that is trucked off of site. This information will be based upon weighbridge-data. • Sampling of the compost piles: operator will follow the sampling-procedure as indicated in this monitoring plan. This will result in the share of anaerobic samples which are required for calculating the CERs. • Quantity of waste supplied to the compost plant: this will be measured by a weighbridge. This information is required for calculation of the CERs. • Composition of the incoming waste in accordance with the procedure as indicated in this sampling plan: this information is quarterly measured. • Number of vehicles per carrying capacity that bring in the waste or that truck off compost. This information can be based upon weighbridge-information. The distinguished “carrying-capacity-categories” will be proposed by operator to the DOE. Electricity Holding Company • Annual reports upon which the Emission Factor (CEF) can be based. Operator/expert/DOE • Estimate of additional distance travelled. Operator will provide information regarding the physical location of the market for compost. This information will be shared with the DOE and/or expert and based upon that the additional distance travelled will be updated. PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03.1.
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Authorities • Annual verification of the MD reg or AF. MD reg or AF shall be discussed with dedicated authorities and result of this shall be provided in writing.
IV.B. Emissions Reductions Calculation Procedure and Required Spreadsheets The ERCP is the basic instrument for gathering, recording and processing information that will result in the measured ERs. The operator shall consider the project’s ERCP as a manual. All data processing should be done in Excel. The ERCP is designed for monthly and yearly calculation. To the verifier the required spreadsheets will be made available. The spreadsheet will be made up with a suitable program (e.g. excel). The sampling plan for sampling of the composting piles (determination of Sa and S OD ) and for determination of the waste-composition is elaborated below. The remaining items to be monitored are self-explanatory. The file name should include the date (MM/YY) in its title and a version control number
The year for the MP will run from July 1st to June 31 st . The crediting period goes from 01/07/2008 to 10 years later: 31/06/2018.
IV.B.1: Sampling plan of composting piles for determination of oxygen deficiency (S a and S od ) The sampling plan for determination of the possible anaerobic circumstances within the composting piles is based upon general statistical methods like the one describe by Salant and Rea (Salant, 1994, Rea 1997; handbook-2-Task_2_Community Assessment_050425.doc) and on the equation below:
2 2 2 n= [t p *p*(1-p)*N] / [t p *p*(1-p)+(N-1)*y ] in which n = sample size tp = 1.96 for 95% confidence level N = population size p = for the true proportion which in a most conservative is set as 0.5 y = sampling error
For this case, the population is the “air-molecules within the garbage/composting piles”. Therefore, the population size is extremely high and it can be calculated that for y (sampling error) = 20%, the sample size should be 25, hence Project Proponent shall measure daily at 25 spots the O 2 –content (~ 9000 measurements/year).
Oxygen-measurements (25 spots/day) are taken evenly spread over the garbage/composting piles, taken into account the following stipulations: • Oxygen will be measured at the top layer and at the bottom layer, hence 2 samples in vertical alignment (height of composting piles are presumed to be 3 meters) • The width of the grid must fit within the width of the composting piles (assumed to be 20 meters in this case) • Within every grid, the measurement will be done ad random every day
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Table Annex 4.3: Sampling grid for oxygen measurements Amount of Amount of Daily nr of M3/sample Sampling grid garbage/compost garbage/compost oxygen-samples (lxwxd in m) 1,500 ton 2,500 m3 25 100 m3 6x10x1.5 2,250 ton 3,750 m3 25 150 m3 10x10x1.5 3,000 ton 5,000 m3 25 200 m3 13x10x1.5 4,500 ton 7,500 m3 25 300 m3 20x10x1.5 6,000 ton 10,000 m3 25 400 m3 26x10x1.5 9,000 ton 15,000 m3 25 600 m3 20x20x1.5 12,000 ton 20,000 m3 25 800 m3 27x20x1.5 18,000 ton 30,000 m3 25 1200 m3 40x20x1.5 24,000 ton 40,000 m3 25 1600 m3 53x20x1.5 21,000 ton 35,000 m3 25 1400 m3 47x20x1.5 31,500 ton 52,500 m3 25 2100 m3 70x20x1.5 42,000 ton 70,000 m3 25 2800 m3 93x20x1.5
IV.B.2 Sampling plan for waste-composition In accordance with the “Tool to determine methane emissions avoided from dumping waste at a solid waste disposal site” the waste composition is measured at least quarterly. The purpose of these measurements is to determine the fraction of each waste stream within the total waste input going to the composting facility. In accordance with the tool the following waste-streams are to be distinguished: • Wood and wood products • Pulp, paper and cardboard (other than sludge) • Food, food waste, beverages and tobacco (other than sludge); • Textiles • Garden yard, and park waste • Glass, plastic, metal & other inert waste
The sampling plan for determination of the share of different types of waste is based upon general statistical methods like the one describe by Salant and Rea (Salant, 1994, Rea 1997; handbook-2- Task_2_Community Assessment_050425.doc) and on the equation below:
2 2 2 n= [t p *p*(1-p)*N] / [t p *p*(1-p)+(N-1)*y ] in which n = sample size tp = 1.96 for 95% confidence level N = population size p = for the true proportion which in a most conservative is set as 0.5 y = sampling error
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Table Annex 4.3: required sampling amounts for 95% confidence level and 20% sampling error Total amount of waste input 10% sampling error 20% sampling error (kg/day) 100 49 20 250 70 22 500 81 23 750 85 23 1,000 88 23 2,500 93 24 5,000 94 24 10,000 95 24 25,000 96 24 50,000 96 24 100,000 96 24 1,000,000 96 24 100,000,000 96 24
From the table (table Annex 4.3) above, it is clear that the sample-size is independent from the size of the composting facility in case this exceeds the 10,000 kg input per day; a minimum of 96 kg or 24 kg is required in order to get a representative impression of the waste-input with a 10% or 20% sampling error. In order to meet the requirement as indicated in the methodology a 24 kg sample would be sufficient (20% sampling error).
However, on top of this, project-proponent wants to take into account: 1. The minimal size of the sample that practically can be obtained regarding the “grain-size” of the waste. Therefore a practical minimal sample size of 10 kg will be applied per truck even when the total mass would then be above 24kg. 2. Operator can not accept samples taken from only a very few trucks.
The above considerations are taken into account and are incorporated in the sampling instructions: The sampling instructions are indicated in the table Annex 4.4 below:
Table Annex 4.4: Sampling instruction for determination of waste composition 50 ton/day 100 ton/day 200 ton/day 400 ton/day 700 ton/day Expected daily 10 20 40 80 140 nr. of vehicles Sampling Equal per selected vehicle, with a minimum of 10 kg/vehicle amount/vehicle Expected 5 vehicles 10 vehicles 20 vehicles 20 vehicles 20 vehicles number of vehicles to be sampled Selection of the Every 2 nd Every 2 nd Every 2 nd Every 4 th Every 7 th vehicles incoming incoming incoming incoming incoming vehicles vehicle vehicle vehicle vehicle PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03.1.
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Total amount of > 50 kg > 100 kg > 200 kg > 200 kg > 200 kg waste collected for determination
IV.B.3: Instructions for determination of different categories To ensure that different categories are interpreted similar each quarter, Project Proponent shall prepare an instruction-book. The instruction book will contain pictures and descriptions what’s included under the waste-categories A, B, C, D and E. These instructions will be the guidance during the quarterly determination work.
IV.B.4: Moisture monitoring & records
As defined in the BSI PAS 100:2005 Standard Operating Procedures, the moisture content of samples of composting materials from each windrow shall be assessed by: grasping and clenching the sample in a gloved hand for approximately ten seconds, then opening and assessing moisture content using table 1 below.
Table Annex 4.5: Moisture assessment index Index number Sample moisture behaviour Interpretation 1 Water seeps out Too wet 2 More than one droplet appears Too wet 3 One droplet appears OK 4 Compost particles remain packed together and no droplets OK appear 5 Compost particles fall away from each other Too dry
The source(s) of any water sprayed onto input materials, windrows being formed or formed windrows shall be determined in the operations manual (to be validated by the Verifying DOE).
The following shall be recorded on the “Batch Formation and Monitoring Record Sheet” (See PAS 100:2005 documentation):
• evaluations of moisture content and date carried out; • date and approximate amount of any water added; and • source of any water.
Frequency: Weekly for each wind row
IV: Use of the compost Sales records of the compost that is being sold to the farmers will have to be administered and - if requested - the data should be provided to the DOE. For the compost that is not sold (currently estimated at 18%), the use of this composts should be clearly recorded.
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V: Follow-up and manual MS Smart will oversee the development of the project and will periodically carry out internal audits, when required with external assistance, to assure that project activities are in compliance with monitoring and operational requirements.
The operator will adopt the instructions given in the MP and accomplish all activities related to the implementation of the procedures given in the Operational Manual. The main responsibilities of the operator are related to: • Data handling : maintaining an adequate system for collecting, recording and storing data according to the protocols determined in the Monitoring Plan, checking data quality, collection and record keeping procedures regularly; • Reporting: preparing periodic reports that include emission reductions generated, observations regarding Monitoring plan procedures; • Training: assuring personnel training regarding the performance of the project activities and the Monitoring plan; • Quality control and quality assurance: complying with quality control and quality assurance procedures to facilitate periodical audits and verification.
An Operational Manual to be produced by the developer of the project will include procedures for training, capacity building, proper handling and maintenance of equipment, emergency plans, and work conditions and security.
The Monitoring plan and Operational Manual will be validated by the verifying DOE.
Quality control and quality assurance procedures Regarding quality control and assurance procedures to be undertaken for the monitored data, the practices to be implemented in the context of project activity are as follows:
Monitoring The parameters that need to be monitored are defined in paragraph B.7 of the PDD.
Monitoring records: Daily readings of all field meters will be registered in either electronic form or on paper worksheets. Data collected will be entered in electronic worksheets and stored. Periodic controls of the field monitoring records will be carried out to check any deviation from the estimated CERs and according the Operational Manual for correction or future references. Recommendations on system and procedures improvements will be presented. Periodic reports to evaluate performance and assist with performance management will be elaborated.
Equipment calibration and maintenance: All meters and other sensors will be subject to regular maintenance and testing regime according to the technical specifications from the manufacturers to ensure accuracy and good performance. Calibration of equipment will be performed periodically according to technical specifications and in agreement with recommendations given by suppliers and/or institutes.
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Actions to handle and correct deviations from the Monitoring Plan and Operational Manual procedures will be implemented as these deviations are observed either by the operator or during internal audits. If necessary, technical meetings between the operator, the developer and the project participant the project will be held in order to define the corrective actions to be undertaken.
Site audits: The authorities and the verifying DOE will make regular site audits to ensure that monitoring and operational procedures are being observed in accordance with the Monitoring Plan and the Operational Manual.
Training: The operator personnel will be trained in equipment operation, data recording, reports writing, and operation, maintenance and emergency procedures in compliance with the Operational Manual.
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Annex 7
Stakeholders minutes of meeting and supporting information
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Public consultations were used twice with the project-affected people, the first time during scoping and preparation of the EA (e.g. with the residents of the nearby City Hall quarters as well as nearby villages) and the second time (in November 2007) at a public meeting to solicit comments and suggestions on the draft EA report. Participants included, among others, representatives from Consumer Association of Sabah and Labuan; Village heads of Lapasan, Salut, Peniang and Norowot villages; Environment Action Committee, Sabah Environmental Protection Association; and Sabah Society. The English language of the EA report and its Malay language executive summary were disclosed at the communal hall of the Kota Kinabalu City Hall on March 25, 2008 after being advertised in a local newspaper on March 22, 2008. The (Federal) Department of Environment, Sabah has agreed to maintain permanently a copy of the final EA Report in its library, which is accessible to the public.
Introduction and general approach:
In order to ensure that the views and interests of all project stakeholders are taken into accounts, public consultation with other government agencies involved in the EIA and obtaining views of local people and affected groups. This consultation has been undertaken as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment process.
Public Consultation Regulations and Requirements:
Affected groups and NGOs must be consulted as part of the environmental assessment of the project. The primary purpose of this provision is to protect the interests of affected communities. Therefore, the EIA process should include consultation and disclosure of information to key stakeholders involved in and/or affected by the Composting Plant Project.
The objectives of consultation and disclosure are to ensure that all stakeholders and interested parties, are fully informed of the proposed project, have the opportunity to voice their concerns and that any issues resulting from this process are addressed in the EIA and incorporated into the design and implementation of the project.
Consultation methodology:
The adopted methodology for the public consultation comprises two phases, including four elements, namely:
Phase I
3. Discussions with local stakeholders during scoping and preparation of this EIA-Report; 4. As far as public disclosure is concerned, major initiatives to inform the public and interested parties about the Sorting and Composting Plant Project include the following: a. Press advertisement describing the project and inviting interested parties to attend the public meeting and review the Draft Final EIA Report(presented below); b. Distribution of Stakeholders questionnaire forms; c. Distribution of an invitation (Stakeholders Attendance List and List of Invited persons and organizations are presented below) ; and PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03.1.
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d. The Draft Final EIA Report, including the Executive Summary, locally at the DBKK’s office and MS Smart’s Office at the Sorting Facility in Kota Kinabalu, and via the World Bank Infoshop.
Phase II
2. The organization of a Public Meeting in the City of Kota Kinabalu, and on-going consultation through an “open-door” policy during construction and operation of the Composting Plant.
Stakeholders:
During the EIA process, stakeholders for the project have been identified and include the following:
• Dewan Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu; • Department of Environment, Sabah; • Environment Protection Department; • Local people including population representatives; and • NGOs and other environmental interests.
Grievance redress mechanism:
An effective, accessible Grievance Redress Mechanism must be established, and the public should be informed of their right to redress their complaints or grievances and of the procedures to invoke it. The framework of the Grievance Redress Mechanism should include the following;
• Processes for receiving the grievances of the individuals or affected parties in the local communities who are dissatisfied with the design of mitigation measures or patterns of actual implementation. • Community processes for addressing the disputes or complaints of affected parties in the local communities. • The distribution of responsibilities between all the Stakeholders including the local communities themselves in the event of unanticipated problems or impacts, or the failure of mitigation measures.
The proposed framework for the Grievance Redress Mechanism should be discussed with, and be acceptable to all the Stakeholders including the workers of the plant, waste pickers, other labourers, and residents of nearby villages.
A Grievance Procedure booklet that summarizes the key impacts, grievance procedures, and other information of greatest interest to affected parties must be proactively prepared. This booklet should be distributed to the villages and other Stakeholders by the Project Proponent. The booklet must contain the phone numbers, locations, and working hours of both the Project Office and the Grievance Committee, giving people better access to the Project Proponent.
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The Project Proponent must have public grievance booths at the entrance to the Project Site, DBKK office and Kampung Lapasang to make it conveniently accessible for all affected parties and for timely collection of grievances. Upon receipt of grievance issues, the Grievance Redress Committee will review the issues and interview aggrieved parties. The recommendations from the Committee must be implemented by the Project Proponent and the progress of implementation monitored by the Committee.
Grievance Redress Committee would include representatives from the local communities and their village leaders, the legal authority in the municipality (DBKK and DOE) and reputable NGO (Sabah Society or Sabah Environmental Protection Association). The committee members may receive a small honorarium for each case.
Management and participation:
Public consultation and disclosure is managed and undertaken by Environmental Consultant. Phase I of the consultation and disclosure process, which included presentation of EIA-Report and a Stakeholder’s meeting, was undertaken in close collaboration with the MS Smart Recycling Sdn. Bhd. and the Environmental Consultant. An EIA report is being prepared expressly for the Department of Environment Concerned stakeholders including Regulatory Agencies, economic representatives, NGO’s and local people, have been, and will continue to be, requested to actively participate in this process. The local disclosure of the Draft Final EIA-Report will be done upon approval of the Draft EIA report. The proceedings of the Stakeholders meeting are presented in the following pages.
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PROCEEDINGS OF STAKEHOLDERS MEETING
FOR
KOTA KINABALU SORTING AND COMPOSTING PLANT PROJECT
DATE OF MEETING : NOVEMBER 26, 2007.
VENUE OF MEETING : LE MERIDIEN, KOTA KINABALU.
PURPOSE OF MEETING : TO UNDERTAKE CONSULTATIONS WITH PROJECT- AFFECTED GROUPS AND LOCAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS) FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING STAKEHOLDER VIEWS ON THE PROJECT’S ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS.
AGENDA OF MEETING : 1. Brief Self introduction by participants
2. Project brief by MS Smart Recycling Sdn. Bhd.
3. Presentation of detailed project description, potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures
4. Questions and answers
5. Lunch by project proponent
IN ATTENDANCE : REFER ATTACHED LIST.
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1. The meeting commenced at 12 noon and Mr Rsunaathan of MS Smart Recycling briefed the meeting on the project background, objectives, potential benefits to the community and the company’s readiness to ensure a responsible attitude by undertaking to comply with all the recommendations of the Environmental Impact Assessment Report prepared for the World Bank by GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.
The company would be happy to address any and all concerns of Stakeholders present at today’s Meeting as well as any relevant written concerns that may be forwarded to the company subsequent to this Meeting.
Mr Rsunaathan also introduced the local Environmental Consultant who will be undertaking the second Environmental Impact Assessment Study in conjunction with the submission of an EIA Report for the approval of the Sabah State office of Federal Department of Environment. 2. A comprehensive presentation of the Project, its potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures was made by Mr Ramkumar of GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.
i. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: Is there a receiving area within the The Sorting Plant has been in operation since May 2006, Project site where the sorting of the it has a reception area with a one day’s storage capacity recyclables will take place? prior to the process of recovery of recyclables. At the end of the end of 3 processes the recovered materials are baled and sold to buyers. ii. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: How much of the 450 tonnes of the The organic fraction of the incoming MSW from the incoming MSW is organic waste? Sorting Facility amounts to 225 tonne per day, while the yard waste will be directly delivered to the Composting Facility amounts to 45 tonne per day. iii. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: What kind of air emissions are With good control of the composting process as per the expected from the composting recommended techniques (aerobic windrow piles? composting), the only air emissions will carbon dioxide, water vapour and trace amounts of volatile organic compounds. The control parameters for this type of composting process are temperature, oxygen levels, moisture content and Carbon/nitrogen ratio. If these parameters are not closely observed then odorous compounds may be emitted which include Hydrogen Sulphide, mercaptans and ammonia. iv. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: What are the operating hours of the The Sorting Facility is currently operating one shift of Sorting and Composting Plant? 8-10 hours. The Facility has 3 independent lines, each of PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03.1.
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with processing capacity of 160 tonne per day and can be operated up to 2 shifts per day as the need arises. The composting plant is operated on a 24-hr basis and involves a continuous process. v. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: What would happen if there is any Minor breakdowns may involve mechanical failure of major breakdown in the Sorting processing equipment. Since there are 3 independent Facility and how will this be processing lines for the Sorting operation, the Sorting handled in terms of the incoming process interruption will only be transient due to MSW? available speedy maintenance procedure. The only major breakdown will be due to total power failure for which there is a standby genset. vi. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant Is it not better to have MSW to be MSS prefers sorting to occur at source as this would separated out at source? result in all the segregated organics to go directly to the Composting Facility. He further explained that the recyclables received at the Sorting Facility would be in a cleaner condition. He stated that MS Smart is currently in discussions with DBKK to promote the separation at source. vii. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: Do you have any analytical data on We do not have this as yet but data is available from the the compost material that will be Egyptian experience. produced? Mr Rsunaathan: Some random samples of compost material have been sent to the University of Malaya, Sabah for analysis. He also informed that they have tied up with the University to conduct regular quality control tests on the compost. viii. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: What is the construction period of Total of 8 months including design phase and the Composting Facility? construction activities. ix. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: Will medical waste be handled at Clinical Waste is not delivered to the Project Site. the Sorting Plant? However there may be instance when some needles and other medical wastes that are carelessly disposed by smaller clinics and homes. x. Mrs Zahra Yaacob : EA Consultant: Requested the Environment This matter is to be taken up by the local environmental Consultant to consult Prof Ridzuan consultant in the second EIA Study. of University of Malaya, Sabah regarding fishery projects in the Salut Bay and environmental implications. She also indicated that there may be greater concern for environmental implications for the Mengkabong area. xi. Mrs Zahra Yaacob : EA Consultant: PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03.1.
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Raised concern regarding certain This matter is to be taken up by the local environmental paddy fields that are reported to be consultant in the second EIA Study. affected by the discharge of leachate from the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill. xii. Mrs Zahra Yaacob : EA Consultant: Requested for information on the Briefed the meeting on the Due Diligence Audit on the environmental impacts of the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill that was performed for landfill operations. the World Bank. He briefly explained regarding environmental issues of the landfill operations including leachate treatment non-compliance and problems of odour affecting the local communities. He also explained about the mitigation measures recommended in the EA report as well as those proposed to be undertaken by DBKK in the near future. He emphasized that measures are to be taken to alleviate odour, noise and dust nuisances thaqt could be affecting the residence of the DBKK staff quarters located about 150m. from the active landfill area. xiii. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: What is the expected closure date The landfill is approximately 80% depleted. The of the landfill? original design of the landfill was based on 250 tonne per day of incoming MSW. Based on this quantity the landfill was to be closed in 2011. However, the present quantity of the incoming MSW is 450 tonne per day and at this present rate the landfill will be closed end of 2008. It was also informed that the DBKK is currently in the process of extending the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill. The capacity of this extension is not known. xiv. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: Has DBKK considered other areas No other areas are being presently considered, however for landfill operations? two other alternate sites were considered during the 1995 EIA Study before the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill was considered.
Ms Julia (DOE): He also asked if the DOE was She was not aware of whether any alternative landfill aware of any other alternative sites have been referred to the DOE. landfill sites are being considered by the DBKK? xv. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: He wanted to know if According to World Bank Procedures the invitation was Environmental Protection to be made via advertisements in the local newspapers, Department and other concerned which was done. NGO’s had been invited to this Invitations were also extended to the EDP and the meeting? relevant NGO’s. among those who did not turn up were the EPD, Environmental Action Committee and PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03.1.
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Consumer Association of Sabah and Labaun. xvi. Dr Henry Chok: EA Consultant: Asked if the Environmental The Consultant was not aware of the project and Consultant was aware of a Oyster suggested that this matter be taken up by the local Culture project in the Salut Bay / environment consultant in the second EIA Study. Mengkabong Bay Area xvii Mrs Zahra Yaacob : EA Consultant: When is the construction of the DOE approval of the EIA report has to be secured then Composting Facility expected to there will be a project appraisal by the World Bank commence? expected by the end of this year. The ERPA is expected to be signed in January 2008. It is hoped the construction can commence in Feb/Mar 2008. xviii Mrs Zahra Yaacob : EA Consultant: Reminded the Environmental Noted Consultant to consult, for the next EIA, the following parties; 4. Environmental Protection Department 5. Kota Kinabalu Industrial Park 6. Polytechnic PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03.1.
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Attendance List:
Ms Julia Department of Environment, Sabah State Office
Mr Sylvastar Head of Village, Kampung Peniang
Mr. Geoffery Lojilim Head of Village, Kampung Lapasang
Puan Zahra Yacoob President, Sabah Society (NGO)
Mr Eric Thein Member of Sabah Environmental Protection Association (NGO)
Mr Henry Chok President, Sabah Environmental Protection Association (NGO) and member of Environmental Action Committee (NGO)
Kenny Chua UMNO party Committee member (ruling party of Sabah State)
Rebecca William Ensolve Sdn. Bhd.
Cik Azreen Ensolve Sdn. Bhd.
Ms Lo So Mui Ensolve Sdn. Bhd.