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BYU Studies 43.4.Indb “Every Book . Has Been Read Through” The Brooklyn Saints and Harper’s Family Library Lorin K. Hansen n February 4, 846, two groups of Latter-day Saints in the United O States began their emigration out of the United States. The main body of the Church was leaving from Nauvoo, Illinois, under the leader- ship of Brigham Young, going overland to the West. The same day, also under instructions from Brigham Young, Samuel Brannan led a group from New York aboard the ship Brooklyn, going by sea around Cape Horn to San Francisco Bay.1 At a social the night before the Brooklyn Saints left, Joshua M. Van Cott, a Brooklyn attorney and president of the local Hamilton Literary Society, presented the voyagers with 79 volumes of the Harper’s Family Library (HFL).2 When the Brooklyn pioneers reached the Juan Fernandez Islands off the coast of Chile, three months into a six-month voyage, one of them sent a letter back to New York on another ship indicating that “every book in the little library has been read through”3 (see sidebar). The gift of the HFL is a testament to the generosity of Van Cott, but that at least one person had read each of the books during the voyage is an indication of the literacy level and the interests of the passengers. Independent of the Brooklyn connection, the HFL is a marvelous window into American culture at the time of the Restoration, since it was first introduced in 830, the year of the Church’s founding. The collection covered a broad literary spectrum and was targeted to meet the interests of the general public. The present article first describes and introduces the HFL and then presents an annotated, categorized listing of all the books in this significant mid-nineteenth-century library. BYU Studies 43, no. 4 (2004) 39 Courtesy Newburyport Maritime Society [Probably Duncan McFarlane,] Brooklyn, ca. 840. On display at the Custom House Maritime Museum, Newburyport, Mass., this painting is the only known image of the Brooklyn painted contemporaneously. TheBrooklyn was a fully rigged ship, built as a maximum cargo trader by the firm of J. & M. Madigan of Newcastle, Maine, in 834. In the background are Holyhead Mountain on the right and the lighthouse on Skerries Reef on the left, both features of Anglesey Island on the west coast of Wales. The painting hung for many years in the de Young Museum in San Francisco, was lost to the general public for many years, and was recently located by Lorin K. Hansen. It was this painting (then hanging in the de Young Museum) that Arnold Friberg used as a model for his own rendition of the Brooklyn, presently in the collec- tion of the Museum of Church History and Art in Salt Lake City. The Brooklyn Saints and Harper’s Family Library V 41 The Scope of Harper’s Family Library The HFL series was a rich trove of interesting reading, introduced by the New York publisher Harper & Brothers. The series included inspiring stories of explorers, adventurers, and political and military leaders. There were intellectually challenging volumes written by or about scientists, physicians, philosophers, creative artists, and political and social thinkers. Some volumes of the HFL were by American authors. For example, Two Years before the Mast, by Richard H. Dana, was first introduced in this series and quickly became an American classic. To broaden the coverage of topics, Harper’s included many works already published in England— encompassing, in fact, 80 percent of the HFL titles. The Harper brothers—James, John, Joseph Wesley, and Fletcher—were devout Methodists. They designed the series to be morally uplifting and to inspire faith in God. James Harper was the president of an abstinence society,4 and so perhaps it is understandable that the poetry collections were especially selected to avoid the topics of “love and drinking.”5 The series promoted religion, and in fact many of the authors chosen for inclu- sion in the series were ministers. But the series was not denominationally specific. In the words of the publisher, care was taken to “exclude every thing that could in the slightest degree have a prejudicial influence in a moral or religious point of view.”6 Being intellectually and morally uplift- ing and transcending denominational differences, the HFL contained material that would have appealed to Mormon readers. The HFL series7 was introduced by Harper in 830, and it reached a maximum at 87 volumes in 845, shortly before the Mormon exodus. Hav- ing received 79 volumes, the Brooklyn passengers had an almost complete set. We have no information about which eight volumes were missing in the gift or why they were missing.8 The Harper books were compact (about 6¼ in. by 4 in.) and inexpensive (about 45 cents per volume, half a day’s pay for manual labor). The market was receptive: there was a limited supply of inexpensive books in the new nation, and yet there was a high level of adult literacy (by 830, about 80–90 percent).9 When John Quincy Adams was asked for an appropriate list of books for a library, the HFL was second on his list, following the Holy Bible.10 The books, which were sold widely to individuals, schools, and libraries, helped make Harper’s a major Ameri- can publisher. Harper’s Family Library and Education in Early America Education and schooling were important in the early colonies, since colonists wanted their children to be able to read the Bible and live moral lives. Secondary and advanced schools were established to develop spiritual A Newspaper Report of a Letter from a Brooklyn Passenger Progress of the Mormon Emigrants from this City. Last Winter a company of Mormon families left this city in the ship Brooklyn, Capt. Richardson, for California. So far as morality, enterprise, intelligence and habits of industry are concerned, they presented fair specimens of the universal Yankees, and seemed well fitted to lay the foundations of a great nation. The follow- ing extracts from a letter by one of their number give a favorable account of their progress: Island of Juan Fernandez, May 8, 846. The second day out we experienced a heavy sea, and on the following Tuesday laid-to all day, in a heavy gale of wind, which occasioned a great deal of suffering among the passengers, from sea-sickness, and being rolled from one side of the ship to the other, owing to their weakness; but they bore it without a murmur, or being in any way terrified at the danger, which was not a little. Capt. Richardson (God bless the man!) and myself stood watch- ing those noble “sticks” that have since done us such good service, with our hearts lifted up to the God of nations to spare them in his mercy. He did so, and the next day the ship flew before a fair wind like a thing of magic. We had a quick passage to Cape Horn, and found that the terrors of the passage round it, which had been depicted previous to our sailing, were all imaginary. Our little children were every day on deck, attending their school, jumping rope, and engaged in all the other amusements resorted to to pass off the time. We had no freezing weather, and at no time was the thermometer in our cabin below 50o. On the deck, at one time, it fell for about three hours as low as 36o, which was accounted for by Capt. R. by our passing near an iceberg. We ran up to the Cape with a fair wind, then took a West wind and ran up to 60o South latitude in four days, then took a South wind till we had made our longitude West of the Cape, and then took a fair wind down the Pacific, which lasted till a few days ago. All was then life, joy and gladness, in the expectation of soon going ashore at Valparaiso. We dealt out fresh water for all to wash themselves and their clothes in. Capt. R, also scoured up the ship, and anticipated the astonishment of the natives at such a likely load of Yankees; for they certainly look one hundred per cent. better than when they left New-York, and since we started every thing has gone on with harmony and peace. We experienced, however, a heavy gale from the South, and were unable to continue our course with safety; so we scud before the wind, until it hauled to the East, and we thought it best to land at this Island. There are but two families living on the Island, and they are distant only 20 days’ sail from Fuckywana on the coast above Val- paraiso. We found excellent water, and very easy to be obtained, about two rods from the beach; and plenty of fire-wood on the east side of the left hand mountain as you enter the harbor. Goats, hares and pigs abound here. The first settlement on this Island was burnt by the Peruvians six years ago; the fort destroyed, the canoes sunk in the harbor, and the convicts carried away. The last settlement was aban- doned four years ago, at the time of the earthquake at Valparaiso, when the Island sunk and rose about fifty feet. I have been informed that ships watering at Valparaiso have to pay one dollar for every thirty gallons from the water-boats. If that be the case, our ships had better water at this Island. The harbor here is said to be much the safest in a gale from the North—it lying on the North-east side of the Island, which makes it easy for ships to put to sea, if they do not lie too near the shore.
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