Roll-Call for Standards Taking the ‘Waste’ out Guangdong Plays the of Industrial Wastes Technology Trump Card

March 2010, No.2

E-scrap recycling: Roll-call for standards Taking the ‘waste’ out Guangdong plays the of industrial wastes technology trump card

RI_001 Cover-4.indd 1 19-02-2010 14:33:46 presents New Sierra 80 2C HD No one plays better in this field!

The first Automatic Baler designed to process turnings and tyre wire scrap. The performance of a briquetting press with the productivity of a baler.

AR_2530.indd 1 19-02-2010 09:09:53 viewpoint

is a monthly business magazine for the international recycling industry and is published 10 times a year. Euro-English

Address The fact you’re reading this means that, at the very P.O. Box 2098 least, you have a rudimentary understanding of the 6802 CB Arnhem The Netherlands English language. But even the English must confess that some aspects of their mother tongue defy all Delivery Address Jacob Marislaan 30 reason.... 6813 JV Arnhem The Netherlands

Phone +31 26 3120 994 ot being a native English speaker myself - I was desire to find new means of expressing itself. That Fax +31 26 3120 630 born in Germany and raised in the Netherlands is why stars are visible when they are out, whereas E: info@recyclin gin ter na tion al.com N W: www.recyclin gin ter na tion al.com - I know from experience how difficult this appar- when lights are out they are invisible. And that’s also ently easy-to-understand language can be. But have why my watch starts when I wind it up and yet Publisher & Editor Manfred Beck you ever wondered why foreigners have so much winding up this observation brings it to an end. [email protected] trouble with English? Well perhaps it’s because In the 27 member states of the European Union, peo- English is such an infuriatingly illogical language. ple speak 23 different languages. So if you want to Deputy Editor Gert-Jan van der Have For example, there is no egg in an eggplant, no ham make big money, become an interpreter at the EU [email protected] in a hamburger, and neither pine nor apple in a Parliament. In an attempt to cut costs, the European pineapple. English muffins were not invented in Commission has now announced an agreement Magazine Administrator Helga Fresen England and French fries were not invented in whereby English will be the official language of the EU [email protected] France. And to add to this never-ending list of rather than German which was the other possibility.

Editorial consultant paradoxes, we find that quicksand sucks you in As part of the negotiations, Her Majesty’s Govern- Ian Martin slowly, boxing rings are square and a guinea pig is ment conceded that English spelling offered some [email protected] neither from Guinea nor is it a pig. room for enhancement and simplification. As a

Contributing editor/Consultant technol o gy result, it has accepted a five- Prof. Ir. Wijnand Dalmijn, Technical year phase-in programme to University of Delft, The Netherlands be known as ‘Euro-English’. Contributing to this issue ‘There is no ham in a hamburger.’ In the first year, ‘s’ will Helga Fresen, Ian Martin, Adam Minter, replace the soft ‘c’. Sertainly, Dave Sammut, Voermans van Bree Photographers this will make the sivil serv- ants jump with joy. The hard Art Direction Inpladi Lay Out Studio ‘c’ will be dropped in favour And I have not finished by a long chalk, whatever of the ‘k’. This should klear up konfusion and key- Printing Company that means. If the plural of tooth is teeth, shouldn’t boards kan have one letter fewer than at present. vanGrinsven drukkers Venlo bv the plural of phone booth be phone beeth? If a veg- No doubt, there will be growing publik enthusiasm Advertising Sales etarian eats vegetables, what the heck does a in the sekond year when the troublesome ‘ph’ will Jan Willem Ypma Phone: +31 343 517 488 humanitarian eat? And why do people park on be replaced with ‘f’. This will make words like Fax: +31 343 510 253 driveways and drive on parkways? Well, I guess you ‘fotograf’ 20% shorter. In the third year, publik E: [email protected] have to marvel at the unique complexity of a lan- akseptanse of these new spellings kan be expekted

Subscriptions guage in which you fill in a form by filling it out. to have reached the stage where more komplikated Subsciption rate: e 149 a year Sometimes, I think all English speakers should be changes are possible. Governments will enkourage (excl. V.A.T.) committed to an asylum for the verbally insane. the removal of double letters which have always ben ISSN 1387-8700 What sort of language allows people to ship by truck an obstacle to akurate speling. Also, al wil agre that and send cargo by ship? Or have noses that run, for the horible mes created by silent ‘e’s in the English Copyright 2010© that matter? How can a slim chance and a fat chance language is disgraseful and should be eliminated. All rights reserved. No part of this be the same, while a wise man and a wise guy are at By the fourth year, peopl wil be reseptiv to steps such publication may be reproduced or opposite ends of the spectrum? How can quite a lot as replasing ‘th’ with ‘z’ and ‘w’ with ‘v’. During ze fifz transmitted by any means without written permis sion of the publish er. and quite a few mean the same thing? And how can year, ze unesesary ‘o’ kan be dropd from vords kon- the weather be as hot as Hell one day and as cold as taining ‘ou’ and similar changes vud of kors be aplid Member of Hell the next? to ozer kombinations of leters. After zis fifz year, ve But let’s face facts: English was invented by people, vil hav a realy sensibl riten styl. Zer vil be no mor not computers. And therefore the language reflects trubls or difikultis and evrivun vil find it ezi to under- the creativity of the human race and its constant stand each ozer. Ze drem vil finali kum tru!

Delivered to you carbon neutrally by Manfred Beck Editor

P003 Viewpoint 3 19-02-2010 15:12:57 With the unique blend of know-how and a combined workforce of over 1,000 professionals, the group has a strong market presence and impressive production power. And these benefits are passed on to the business partners.

The group is basically active in the international trade The group’s core business consists of recycling copper, of primary and secondary metals and their residues. tin, nickel and lead into marketable metals through Other business activities are the processing of metal cost-efficient and environmentally sound refining scrap and scrap iron, the supply of comprehensive technologies. The yearly output from the smelting and recycling services and the processing of waste electro- refining process is more than 350,000 tons of material. nics and electrical equipment. 600,000 tons of The converters are flexible enough to treat complex and material are handled annually. lower grade materials.

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providing resources METALLUM Holding S.A. Le Dôme Espace Pétrusse 2, avenue Charles de Gaulle LU-2014 Luxembourg Phone (+352) 27 48 73 1 [email protected]

AR_2522.indd 1 10-02-2010 11:36:01 in this issue

22 Pachinko pay-out for Japanese recycler

Pachinko is an obsession in Japan. Furthermore, the machines on which the game is played enjoy a relatively short life-span - and that means a recycling business opportunity. This article examines how eCONeCOL of Fujinomiya City has added the outfall from this hugely popular leisure pursuit to its wide array of commercial ventures.

24 Guangdong plays the technology trump card

Confronted with falling volumes, spiralling labour costs and an increasingly tight regulatory framework, leading scrap operators in the Guangdong region of China have turned to mechanised sorting and other forms of technology to wring the last drop of value from the material they 16 Roll-call for e-scrap process. Their mood and motivation are encapsulated in a single comment: ‘We can’t do things the way that we used to do them.’ standards The ninth International Electronics Recycling Congress to be organised by Swiss 30 Taking the ‘waste’ out company ICM took place in late January and attracted a record attendance of more than of industrial waste 400 delegates from 33 countries. In addition, After all of the cost of mining metals from the the event drew 34 exhibitors to the parallel ground, the conventional landfill-based alternatives trade show - including equipment manu for chemical fixation and disposal of metal-bearing facturers and service providers. In this article, residues and sludges represent a waste of money Recycling International reviews the highlights and resources, as well as a long-term environmental of a congress which has become a firm and legacy. Now, innovative Australian company Intec Ltd has implemented a recycling facility to extract important fixture on the electronics and recover those metals for further use. recycling calendar.

34 Cheng Ho Hsing: fulfilling a machine-builder’s dream

The annals of recycling history are packed with stories of talented individuals overcoming modest backgrounds to create hugely successful businesses. Chin Tung Chen certainly fits into this category. The founder of leading Taiwanese scrap processing machinery manufacturer Cheng Ho Hsing Heavy Industries Co., Sections Markets Analysis Ltd began with a dream of owning his own company - and with, Viewpoint / 3 Ferrous scrap / 36 quite literally, a single cow. Events Calendar / 6 Stainless steel scrap / 42 News / 8 Non-ferrous scrap / 44 Product news / 15 Recovered paper / 48 Next issue / 54 Textiles / 51

P005 Inhoud 5 19-02-2010 12:00:24 EVENTS

5-7 May Shanghai (China) 4-8 May San Diego (USA) IFAT China ISRI Convention & Expo 2010 International trade fair for water, sewage, refuse and recycling Phone: +49 89 949 20284 Fax: +49 89 949 20289 2010 E-mail: [email protected] www.ifat-china.com

16-17 March Brussels (Belgium) 30 May-2 June Istanbul (Turkey) Enviroplas BIR Spring Convention 1st conference on environmental Bureau of International Recycling compliance in the plastics supply chain Phone: +32 2 627 5770 iSmithers Rapra Fax: +32 2 627 5773 Phone: +44 1939 252 421 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +44 1939 252 416 www.bir.org E-mail: [email protected] www.ismithers.net The US Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (PSI) Chapter is to par- 14-17 April Montichiari (Italy) 3-5 June Sofia (Bulgaria) Industries (ISRI) is heralding its ticipate more fully in the conven- Metef-Foundeq Save Energy, Save Water, Save the 2010 event in San Diego as ‘the tion than in previous years and will International aluminium exhibition Planet world’s largest scrap recycling hold its semi-annual meeting in San Edimet International conference and exhibition industry convention and expo’. Diego. This year’s event will also Phone: +39 030 9981 045 on energy efficiency, water & waste This year’s gathering will explore include a spotlight session on the Fax: +39 030 9981 055 management - Via Expo ‘Success’ in the scrap recycling economy during which some of E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +359 32 945 459 www.metef.com E-mail: [email protected] industry, celebrating economic America’s leading analysts will offer www.viaexpo.com progress in the past year and work- up their latest assessments of eco- ing to define success in the coming nomic conditions not only in the 15-17 April Hangzhou (China) 8-11 June Madrid (Spain) decade. USA but also around the world. China International Recycling SRR 2010 The Grand Gala opening reception The ISRI exposition will again Conference & Exhibition Recycling and recovery trade show will be on May 5 from 6.30 to 9.30 include a charity auction benefit- China National Resources Recycling Ifema pm and the exhibition hall will open ting the Recycling Research Foun- Association (CRRA) Phone: +34 91 722 3000 from 9 am to 5 pm on May 6 and 7. dation (RRF), ISRI’s charitable arm Phone: +86 10 8586 0073 Fax: +34 91 722 5804 One of the highlights of the entire that conducts industry research and Fax: +86 10 8586 3393 E-mail: [email protected] convention will be the speech of provides scholarships to the chil- E-mail: [email protected] www.srr.ifema.es www.chinairc.org former Secretary of State Condo- dren of workers associated with the leezza Rice to the Chair-Elect’s Gen- scrap recycling industry. The auc- 3-5 May Atlanta (USA) 10-11 June Madrid (Spain) eral Session on May 8. tion proceeds will be used to expand WasteExpo 8th National Congress of Recovery Workshops on a broad range of the work of the foundation in help- Solid waste and recycling trade show and Recycling industry topics as well as the popu- ing fund research projects to Penton Business Media FER lar commodity spotlights on fer- advance scrap recycling. Phone: +1 203 358 9900 Phone: +34 913 915 270 rous, electronics, aluminium, plas- Fax: +1 203 358 5816 Fax: +34 913 915 271 tics, paper, copper, nickel, lead, zinc For more information contact: ISRI, E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] and stainless steel will take place on Phone : +1 202 662 8500 www.wasteexpo.com www.recuperacion.org May 6 and 7. ISRI’s Paper Stock www.isriconvention.org

4-7 May Budapest (Hungary) 10-13 June Istanbul (Turkey) 15-17 June London (UK) 14-16 September Birmingham (UK) Okotech REW Istanbul Futuresource RWM • 2009 9th international trade fair for envi- International recycling, environmental Europe’s sustainability event Recycling and waste management ronmental protection and municipal technologies and waste management IWM Business Services exhibition technology - Hungexpo trade fair - IFO Istanbul Fuar Hizmetleri Phone: +44 1604 620 426 EMAP Phone: +36 1 263 6203 Phone: +90 212 275 75 79 Fax: +44 1604 604 467 Phone: +44 20 8277 5540 Fax: +36 1 263 6086 Fax: +90 212 288 36 11 E-mail: [email protected] www.rwmexhibition.com E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] www.futuresourceuk.com www.okotech.hungexpo.hu www.rewistanbul.com

4-8 May San Diego (USA) 13-15 June Chicago (USA) 13-17 September Munich (Germany) 15-17 September Brussels (Belgium) ISRI Convention and Expo 2010 Paper Recycling Conference and IFAT Entsorga International Congress for Battery Annual convention & scrap recy- Trade Show 16th international trade fair for Recycling cling industry exposition GIE Media water, sewage, refuse and recycling ICM ISRI Phone: +1 330 523 5400 Messe München - Munich Phone: +41 62 785 1000 Phone: +1 202 662 8500 Fax: +1 330 659 0823 Phone: +49 89 9491 1358 Fax: +41 62 785 1005 Fax: +1 202 624 9257 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +49 89 9491 1359 E-mail: [email protected] www.isri.org www.paperrecyclingconference.com E-mail: [email protected] www.icm.ch www.ifat.de

6 March 2010

P006 Events 6 19-02-2010 12:00:50 AR_2489.indd 1 23-12-2009 10:28:54 NEWS European steel industry issues manifesto

Timed to coincide with the start of the field for European steelmakers with com- European Parliament hearings with the petitors from non-EU countries,’ says Euro- designated Commissioners, the Euro- fer’s Director General Gordon Moffat. ‘This Laminate plastics recycler pean Confederation of Iron and Steel is more urgent than ever before given the Industries (Eurofer) has published a failure of the Copenhagen climate change opens UK facility manifesto outlining the crucial role that negotiations, the costs of EU legislation for the European steel industry plays in the the European economy and the artificial Plastics recycling solutions pro- valuable commodity can be recycled supply and value chain. advantages that our competitors often vider Enval has opened a new engineer- using a process that can scale to suit the The document urges the new Commission receive from their governments.’ ing venture at Luton in the UK which will need, generate profit and make a true to set the right framework conditions for And he adds: ‘We hope that the bro- allow the company to expand its opera- environmental difference. Customers will sustainable development of the steel sec- chure will be inspiring for the Commis- tions and continue the development of be able to visit our new engineering tor in Europe. ‘We expect the new Euro- sion’s work over the coming five years.’ its patented material recovery process. facility and see the fully operational pilot pean Commission to secure a level playing www.eurofer.eu Based in Cambridge, Enval’s patented plant. Enval will be able to test their technology offers a recycling route for customers’ own waste to demonstrate flexible laminate packaging materials the process’s commercial viability.’ which, it says, possess excellent mate- Pilot plant tests have been conducted at rial performance and environmental Cambridge over the past year. The pro- qualities but represent a new challenge cess has been found to provide for the Old and wise for the recycling industry requiring new sustainable and viable recycling of pack- An elderly woman goes to her local surgery and asks her doctor for technologies and processes. aging systems based on flexible lami- birth control pills. Somewhat taken aback, the doctor thinks for a David Boorman, the company’s Business nates, including aseptic drinks cartons, moment and then says: ‘But you’re 80 years old. Why would you Development Manager, explains: ‘Enval’s food pouches and toothpaste tubes, says possibly need birth control pills?’ The woman replies: ‘They help me new technology separates the aluminium Enval. sleep better.’ The doctor considers this for a second and then says: from laminates, which means that this www.enval.com ‘How in the world do birth control pills help you sleep?’ To which the woman responds: ‘I put them in my grand-daughter’s orange juice and New E-Crane for Belgium’s Van Heyghen it means I get a better night’s sleep.’ Recycling Sponsored by E-Crane Worldwide has completed the installation and commissioning of a Sierra International Sierra Europe new E-Crane at Galloo Group scrap processor Van Heyghen Recycling (VHR) Machinery, Inc. Recycling in Ghent, Belgium. The primary duty of the new 2000 Series E-Crane will be www.sierraintl.com www.sierraeurope.com loading scrap into Handymax vessels but it will also assist with receiving, handling and stocking scrap in the yard. This represents the third E-Crane installation for VHR while seven E-Crane Japan invests in Alang balanced cranes are in operation across Galloo sites in Belgium and France. The newest E-Crane has a lifting capacity of 30 tonnes in grab mode and 40 shipbreaking yard upgrade tonnes in hook mode, and a reach of 38.2 metres. Like all E-Cranes, it benefits Japan and the Gujarat Maritime Board the recycling yards, the agreement also from the parallelogram equilibrium design that, according to the developer, (GMB) have signed a memorandum of covers the construction and operation ensures near-perfect balance throughout its full working range and results in understanding covering a US$ 21.5 mil- of a common hazardous waste removal significant energy savings and lower operating costs. Specially designed for lion upgrade of India’s Alang-Sosiya ship pre-treatment facility, India’s Business curved rails, other features include a moveable operator’s cab for optimum recycling yards to international require- Standard newspaper has been told by a visibility, a camera system, and a 50-ton rotator for the 12 m3 grab plus match- ments by way of technology transfer and GMB official. ing quick-change system. financial assistance under a private- With an annual turnover estimated at In an initial phase, the crane has been public partnership. The programme is more than US$ 1 billion, Alang disman- used for stockpiling scrap to a height of scheduled to be completed by 2012/13. tles some 250 ships per annum but the over 25 metres to ensure that Handymax A consortium made up of the Japanese upgrade process is expected to increase government, the Japan External Trade this figure to 350. Currently, the yards ships of 30 000 to 50 000 tonnes dwt can Organization and the Japan Develop- recover between 3.5 and 4 million be easily loaded without the need to bring ment Institute will conduct a study of the tonnes of iron each year through ship The new 2000 Series E-Crane loading the forward additional scrap. Handymax vessel ‘Monica P.’ at Van Heyghen existing set-up and identify possible dismantling activities. Recycling in Ghent, Belgium. www.ecrane.eu improvements. In addition to upgrading www.gmbports.org

8 March 2010

P008 NEWS 8 19-02-2010 12:01:14 NEWS For daily free global recycling news, visit

IFAT renamed IFAT Entsorga Sharp rise in EU hazardous The Munich-based exhibition company Messe München and the Federation of the German Waste, Water and Raw Materials Management Industry (BDE) waste shipments have reached a co-operation agreement on the International Trade Fair for The volume of hazardous waste place within EU borders; between 2000 Water, Sewage, Refuse and Recycling (IFAT). shipped out of EU member states almost and 2005, more than 90% of the Scheduled to take place on September 13-17 this year, the event will be quadrupled between 1997 and 2005. This shipped waste remained within the held under the new name of IFAT Entsorga. And as part of this agreement, is one of the major findings of a preliminary EU-15, according to the report. The situ- the concept pursued so far at IFAT will be continued but with greater empha- European Environment Agency report on ation in the EU-10 is difficult to assess sis on raw materials recovery/utilisation and private operators. a two-year project started in 2009 which because of the considerably smaller vol- Eugen Egetenmeir, Managing Director of Messe München, comments: ‘IFAT has been covering transboundary ship- umes of shipped waste, it is added. Entsorga will not only provide the most efficient forum for the industry, it ments of waste and the implementation In 2005, the largest exporter of hazard- of EU waste shipment legislation. ous waste was the Netherlands on 2.6 will also further expand its position as the world’s leading trade fair for the Not all EU member states have sufficient million tonnes, followed by Belgium, environmental sector. In view of the ever-growing number of environmental capacity to deal with their own waste. Italy, France and the Republic of Ireland, trade fairs, IFAT Entsorga gives orientation to the sector. At the same time, However, shipment of toxic waste for whereas Germany has reported stable it offers companies the opportunity of concentrating their marketing activ- recovery to non-OECD countries is or even slightly decreasing amounts. The ities at the world’s leading environmental trade fair.’ banned under international and EU laws. majority of the shipped waste was www.ifat.de During the period under scrutiny, the treated in a recovery operation. ‘The few vast majority of waste shipments took major EU-15 imports for disposal were Large-scale recycling due to the existence of particular treatment facilities in the importing countries,’ the EU Commission says. initiative in Vietnam This is the second implementation report Waste management company Viet- Deutsche Investitions- und Entwick- to be published by the EU executive. star has unveiled a massive recycling lungsgesellschaft (DEG) and a similar http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ plant in Vietnam capable of handling amount from Dutch development finance waste/shipments/ 1200 tonnes of domestic refuse per day. institution Nederlandse Financierings- Located in the Cu Chi district of the coun- Maatschappij voor Ontwikkelingslanden try some 40 km from Ho Chi Minh City, the (FMO). Swedish development finance Quote ~ Unquote plant recycles around 80% of the waste institution Swedfund is supplying US$ received from the capital. According to 8.2 million while Lemna International is ‘Computers are not intelligent. Vietstar, organic components are compos- adding US$ 10.8 million and the Viet- They only think they are.’ ted and plastics are converted into gran- nam Infrastructure Supero private ules which are sold to industrial companies equity fund US$ 5.6 million to give total for the production of garbage bags and investment of around US$ 50 million. Ship scrapping to plastic pipes. Other materials such as met- Vietstar is part of the Lemna Group als are also separated and recycled. which develops infrastructure and waste The Cu Chi initiative is supported by a disposal projects all over the world. double in 2010 long-term loan of US$ 12.4 million from www.vietstar.com.vn Leading research house Clarkson average age of 30.5 years; most of these is predicting that ship scrapping volumes left the world fleet in the final quarter of advertisement will exceed 60 million tonnes this year. This 2008 following the outbreak of the eco- would equate to more than twice the vol- nomic crisis. Scrapping figures from ume of last year when dismantling activity other sources vary but some 30-35 mil- Agents increased rapidly to 29.88 million tonnes lion tonnes of shipping capacity is A leading importer & WANTED Worldwide! in response to lower freight rates and a thought to have left the fleet last year. processor in China huge order book for most ship types which The current high prices of around US$ prompted many owners to scrap their older 320 per lightweight tonne (LT)could Get direct contact with the end user market! vessels in a bid to improve conditions for prompt even more owners around the Fast expanding with high demand their new buildings. world to move forward into 2010 with of sourcing agents. Based on Clarkson figures, the 2009 new deals. With many analysts having scrapping total was the highest in a expressed fears of a potential oversup- We purchase: decade as 246 dry bulk carriers were ply, the trend set last year in terms of Insulated Cable, Copper Scrap, Aluminum Scrap, dismantled, together with 188 tankers scrapping deals is expected to be main- Other Non-ferrous Scrap and 180 container ships; their average tained in order to allow the market to Phone: +86 757 85530978 / +86 757 81202379 age was 29 years. By comparison, just regain its balance and ship owners to Fax: +86 757 85598780 377 ships were dismantled in 2008 with achieve higher freight rates. Email: [email protected] • www.globalmetals.cn a capacity of 13.2 million tonnes and an www.clarksons.com

March 2010 9

P008 NEWS 9 19-02-2010 12:01:16 A4-magazine EN_OK.pdf 06-11-2009 11:48:58

AR_2470.indd 1 06-11-2009 12:35:30 NEWS For daily free global recycling news, visit

Business UK acquisition for * Sennebogen LLC Material handler manufacturer Sennebogen LLC has opened a new purpose-built Papierfabrik Palm US headquarters at Stanley in North Carolina. The 54 000-square-foot development, which will offer support to users of material handling equipment across The UK subsidiary of German paper management services to local authorities North America, comprises a warehouse for replacement parts to be distributed producer Papierfabrik Palm has taken throughout the UK and operates from to equipment dealers, as well as an area for training dealers’ and customers’ over part of the UK activities of Canadian Ellesmere Port in north-west England, staff in the operation and maintenance of the equipment. Sennebogen LLC, the paper conglomerate Abitibi Bowater. has been purchased as a going concern US-based subsidiary of German company Sennebogen, was established in 2000 The Cheshire Recycling plant is the recy- for an undisclosed sum and has changed to introduce and support the group’s equipment throughout the Americas. cling business of AbitibiBowater’s sub- its name to Palm Recycling. Papierfabrik www.sennebogen-na.com sidiary Bridgewater Paper Company Palm’s Chief Executive Wolfgang Palm (BPC) which went into administration in comments: ‘For Palm Paper, this means * Recylex early February. Formerly traded as long-term, secure supply of fibre for our Paris-headquartered Recylex has announced the start-up of operations at the AbitibiBowater Recycling Europe, King’s Lynn mill (in the UK), while Palm Eco-Recyclage used battery processing plant in Algeria. Eco-Recyclage, a com- Cheshire Recycling will now operate Recycling will work with the company’s pany in which Recylex SA holds a 33.33% stake, has received its licence to under the Palm Paper Ltd umbrella, a business partners to provide continuity operate and has duly commenced production. The facility boasts an annual company which produces newsprint of service from the existing operations processing capacity of 20 000 tonnes of used batteries. In Europe, Recylex cur- paper and corrugated board. team.’ rently processes some 130 000 tonnes of used batteries per annum. And has The company, which provides waste www.papierfabrik-palm.de operations in France, Germany and Belgium. www.recylex.fr Attero launches Delhi e-waste * Harsco Corporation processing facility Worldwide industrial services company Harsco Corporation has secured two multi- Attero Recycling of India has officially unveiled an electronic waste recycling year specialty metal processing services contracts with a combined value of up to facility at Roorkee in Delhi. At the same time, it has announced the develop- US$ 70 million over their duration - including one at a new location for the company. The contracts, both with leading specialty metals producer ATI Allegheny Ludlum, call ment of what it claims to be India’s ‘first technology for extracting metals for a range of on-site by-product handling and metal recovery services at two of the from e-waste’ following two years of research. client’s larger facilities in Midland and Brackenridge, Pennsylvania, USA. After successfully commissioning the metal extraction unit at Roorkee, www.harsco.com Attero plans to expand existing capacity to process most of the mixed metal e-waste in India. The company is also working to extend its technology to * WES Greenstar the recycling of other metal-bearing hazardous waste which India has not Plastics recycler WES Greenstar is to add 20 000 tonnes of annual reprocessing been able to process in the past. The capacity for non-bottle household plastic packaging such as margarine tubs, system will help channel e-waste to yoghurt pots and meat trays following a capital grant competition unveiled in authorised recyclers, it adds. June 2009, the UK’s Waste & Resources Action Programme (WRAP) has revealed. Attero’s CEO Nitin Gupta said at the plant The plant will be capable of processing natural and mixed-colour polypropylene, inauguration ceremony: ‘The problem of polyethylene, PET, PVC and polystyrene. e-waste is growing at an alarming rate www.thewesgroup.co.uk From left to right: former Indian president and it is time to now stop talking and start Abdul Kalam, Attero’s COO Rohan Gupta, acting.’ Sachin Pilot, Minister of State for Information * Kovosrot Group Technology, CEO Rohan Gupta at the traditio- www.attero.in nal inauguration ceremony. Czech scrap metals recycling company Kovosrot Group has been acquired by the German group Scholz AG and its Austrian joint venture Scholz Austria. Cur- rently, Kovosrot is held solely by the German parent group. The arrival of Scholz advertisement Austria as shareholder will lead to the indirect entry of steel producer Voestalpine as a controlling partner. Scholz AG will hold 60% and the voestalpine Group Aluminium UBC Stanley Steel 33.4% of the shares in the new joint venture company. www.scholz-austria.com

* Green EnviroTech US-based Green EnviroTech Corp. of Fond du Lac is planning to develop a US$26 million plant which will process 100.000 tonnes of auto shredder residue (ASR). The facility would be a collaborative effort between Wisonsin passed Green Bernardo Llaguno Garza Envirotech and SiCon GmbH of Hilchenbach, Germany. The new business in Fond T: +52 81 8154 1900 du Lac will convert shredder fluff into new auto parts and synthetic fuel; it could F: +52 81 8154 1908 help make 85% to 90% of a vehicle recyclable, the company says. www.greenenvirotech.us [email protected]

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P008 NEWS 11 19-02-2010 12:01:19 RS-0210

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People Congress for Battery Recycling: call for papers * John Slotboom Germany-based Cronimet - which trades, produces and recycles alloying raw The 15th International Congress for Battery Recycling will be held from Sep- materials for the stainless steel industry - has announced several senior manage- tember 15 to 17 this year at the Hotel Conrad in Brussels, Belgium. Congress ment changes. John Slotboom has retired from the management board of organiser ICM is launching a call for papers and is inviting prospective guest Cronimet (Holland) but will stay on as a member of the Advisory Board. As a speakers to submit their presentation proposals before March 31. result, Thorsten Groening and Ruurd Werner have been appointed as Managing Over 150 delegates from industry, the local authority arena and academia are Directors. Both have been with Cronimet for many years. In addition, Olaf Joeck- expected to attend the event. They will be updated on the implementation of el will join Cronimet as Managing Director with effect from June this year to the EU’s Battery Directive as well as on battery collection and recycling legislation complete the new management team at Moerdijk in the Netherlands - the from around the world. Other topics to be discussed will include: the illegal export company’s main European export hub. In related news, Michael Sutter has joined of spent batteries; the future of EHV, PEHV and EV battery systems; the success the management board of Cronimet Belgium as Head of Purchasing/Trading. of lithium-ion batteries; new recycling technologies and processes; and best www.cronimet.com available technologies for battery recycling. In the country reports on collection * Max-Arnold Köttgen activities, there will be a special focus on Eastern Europe. Max-Arnold Köttgen, a qualified lawyer, has been appointed to the board of ICM is also offering plant tours to the following companies located in the Remondis, Germany’s largest privately-run water and environmental services vicinity of Brussels: lead battery recycler Campine Recycling; hazardous company. Mr Köttgen brings extensive experience of the sector, having worked for waste and battery recycler Revatech, and electronics/battery recycler Umicore a number of firms in a variety of management capacities over the last 20 years. Battery Recycling. www.remondis.de For further information, contact: * CMA Board ICM, Birrwil, Switzerland, The board of CMA Corporation has been expanded to seven with the addition Phone: +41 62 785 1000, of Oliver Scholz and Parag-Johannes Bhatt representing German recycling group E-mail: [email protected] Scholz. That brings the number of Scholz representatives to three – as Scholz’ www.icm.ch Mike Greulig has been part of CMA’s board since 2008- but the group also just happens to own 40% of CMA. www.cmacorp.net London’s largest MRF Ludgate invests in e-scrap takes shape Equipment installation has begun recycler Terra Nova at Greenstar Atlas, London’s newest and The Jersey-based Ludgate Envi- consent; plant construction has already largest materials recycling facility (MRF) ronmental Fund will lead a Euro begun and the facility is expected to for processing domestic and commercial 8.1 million investment in French elec- become operational by the first quarter dry recyclables. The first of more than 70 250 000 tonnes of recyclables per tronic scrap recycler Terra Nova of 2011. shipping containers from the California’s annum while a further 250 000 tonnes which is developing a 30 000-tonnes- Ludgate’s investment amounts to Euro MRF specialist CP Manufacturing arrived will be handled through the waste trans- per-annum pyrolysis plant at Isbergues 3 million in preferred ordinary shares, before Christmas at the 175 000-square- fer station. Greenstar has already in Northern France to pre-treat and representing a 25% shareholding in the foot site at Edmonton. A further 30 con- secured local authority contracts for recycle printed circuit boards for major business; the consortium of investors signments of push walls were delivered processing over 100 000 tonnes of metal smelters. includes Aurinvest, the Lewis Group, BNP in early January, together with six con- domestic recyclables annually, and plans Terra Nova has been awarded Integrated Private Equity and Finorpa. tainers of steelwork. to win commercial recyclable collection Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) www.ludgateenvironmental.com The MRF is licensed to process up to and processing contracts. advertisement According to Greenstar UK’s CEO Ian Wakelin, ‘the high-speed processing WORLDWIDE SUPPLIER OF LEVAND STEEL capacity and output quality for Atlas will be strategicallyJan/Feb/08 important for Greenstar & SUPPLY and for local authorities in the capital and SHREDDER the southmay/june east (of England)’. 07 The three- CORPORATION phase project covers: now-completed civil REPLACEMENT engineeringNov/Dec work to ready 06 the building Levand House � 1849 Crestwood Blvd. for installation; plant installation during CASTINGS Irondale, AL 35210 January and February; and then ‘dry’ commissioning and test processing in March REDESIGNED PARTS 800-741-7741 prior to full operation in April. FOR MAXIMUM 205-956-1111 www.greenstar.co.uk fax 205-956-2256 WEAR LIFE AND [email protected] COST EFFICIENCY ESTABLISHED 1934 March 2010 13

WORLDWIDE SUPPLIER OF LEVAND STEEL March/April 07 P008 NEWS 13 SHREDDER & SUPPLY 19-02-2010 12:01:20 Jan/Feb 07 REPLACEMENT CORPORATION N/D 07 CASTINGS Levand House � 1849 Crestwood Blvd. Irondale, AL 35210 � HAMMERS 800-741-7741 � GRATES fax 205-956-2256 � BREAKER BARS [email protected] � REJECT DOORS ESTABLISHED 1934

WORLDWIDE SUPPLIER OF LEVAND STEEL July-August SHREDDER & SUPPLY REPLACEMENT CORPORATION CASTINGS Levand House � 1849 Crestwood Blvd. Irondale, AL 35210 � HAMMERS 800-741-7741 � GRATES fax 205-956-2256 � BREAKER BARS [email protected] � REJECT DOORS ESTABLISHED 1934

WORLDWIDE SUPPLIER OF LEVAND STEEL SHREDDER & SUPPLY REPLACEMENT CORPORATION CASTINGS Levand House � 1849 Crestwood Blvd. Irondale, AL 35210 � HAMMERS 800-741-7741 � GRATES fax 205-956-2256 � BREAKER BARS [email protected] � REJECT DOORS ESTABLISHED 1934 BIR World Recycling Conventions: The most important business forum of the international recycling industry !

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AR_2520.indd 1 09-02-2010 11:15:53 products Caterpillar unveils new CAT 973D track loader More powerful Piranha baler from Harris Completing Caterpillar’s Cat system also allows seamless, simultaneous D-Series track loader line-up is use of lift, tilt and travel functions. the new 973D, featuring load- Complementing the new hydraulic system sensing hydraulics, joystick steer- are lift and tilt cylinders using position- ing, a new operator station with sensing electronics which allow operators tilting cab, and 10% more power to set lift and tilt kick-outs from the cab. than its 973C predecessor. Kick-outs are quickly reset for each job - The 973D is a ‘one-machine workforce’ or even each truck - to ensure fast cycle suitable for the toughest jobs at construc- times, the developer explains. In addition, tion/demolition sites or in the harsh envi- end-of-travel snubbing ensures that cyl- US-based Harris Waste Manage- plc unit, the new Piranha also has a short- ronments of steel mills, landfills and inders stop smoothly with less shock. ment Group has launched a new, stroke feature to reduce cycle times, and quarries, according to the company. The loader’s 8.8-litre, 263-net HP (196 kW) more powerful version of its well- should an overcharge occur it automati- The new loader retains the 973C’s reputa- Cat C9 diesel engine meets US EPA Tier-3 proven Piranha closed-end baler. cally makes three attempts to cut mate- tion as an ‘all-purpose performer’ as well and European Union Stage IIIA stan- This semi-automatic machine converts rial protruding above the gatherer before as much of its solid design, including the dards. It uses proprietary Caterpillar a wide variety of recyclable materials alerting the operator. Cat C9 engine, hydrostatic drive, single- ACERT Technology which is designed to into export-size bales and is said to be The machine’s small footprint of 5.5 fabrication mainframe, Z-bar loader link- give exceptional emissions control and ideal for use in material recycling facili- metres by 2.4 metres and its low age and oscillating undercarriage. How- fuel economy. ties (MRFs), distribution centres and installed power (20 HP) mean it can be ever, its new closed-centre, load-sensing smaller processing operations. housed easily in limited spaces with low implement hydraulic system uses a vari- Caterpillar, The new Piranha has a single compres- power availability. It is supplied with a able-displacement pump that produces Peoria, Illinois, USA, sion cylinder rather than the twin units of standard hopper flange for manual or the precise volume of oil required for the Phone: +1 309 675 1000, its predecessor. Exerting a compression shovel feeding; optional equipment job at hand; by contrast, the 973C’s E-mail: [email protected] force of 87 tonnes, this simpler single- includes in-feed conveyors for either hydraulic pump produced a constant oil www.cat.com cylinder arrangement is claimed to give above- or below-ground installation. volume, whether required or not. The superior transmission of force to the ram The Harris product range includes two- net result is that the 973D pumps less oil, which, along with the floor of the charg- ram, horizontal and vertical balers for thus conserving fuel, generating less ing box, is lined with abrasion-resistant paper, board, non-ferrous metals and heat and freeing horsepower to plate for longer machine life. plastics, as well as shears, balers and drive the tracks The new unit boasts a hydraulically- shredders for ferrous metals. more efficiently. operated bale door mechanism as stan- The new dard; safety switches on the door relieve Harris, pressure from the main ram as soon as Peachtree City, Georgia, USA, the door opens, and prevent bale ejection Phone: +1 229 273 2500, before the door is in a safe and correct E-mail: [email protected] position. Controlled via an Allen Bradley www.harrisequip.com

Combined shredder and granulator from Herbold Herbold Meckesheim of Germany now to obtain small granule sizes with of a feed hopper and a hydraulic ram with es and maintenance are also reduced. has introduced a new machine to such shredders: often a 15 or 20 mm a granulator. Owing to the special design Compared with a two-step solution and its HB series which combines a screen has been the lower limit, making of the grinding chamber and to the high a granulator fed by gravity, it also offers shredder with a granulator. necessary the introduction of intermedi- cutting frequency, it is now possible to a more favourable energy balance. According to the company, the advan- ate conveying and a secondary granulator transform bales and cut open film rolls, as Depending on the application, different tages of a single-shaft shredder are well in order to achieve 4 to 8 mm granule well as to process bulk hollow bodies such rotor types are available for the HB known: it is possible to fill a feed hopper sizes and a satisfactory throughput. as whole IBC containers and rainwater- series. If requested, the granulator can which is then gradually emptied by means But this outcome is now possible in a collecting basins in an economic way. also be delivered as a turn-key package of a hydraulically-operated ram without single size-reduction step using Herbold’s Intermittent feeding of large quantities solution with the necessary ancillary the assistance of operators. But Herbold HB series granulator, the company claims. of material is possible without the need equipment such as a suction unit with adds that it has not been possible until The granulator represents the combination for dosed feeding or the risk of mate- big bag filling station or feeding via an rial becoming jammed in the grinding automatic lifting/tilting device. chamber. Once the material has been fed in and the hopper filled, no further Herbold Meckesheim GmbH, operator involvement is required. Meckesheim, Germany, According to Herbold, the main advan- Phone: +49 6226 9320, tage of this new development is its Fax: +49 6226 932-495, space-saving design since only one size- E-mail: [email protected] reduction step is necessary. Knife chang- www.herbold.com

March 2010 15

P015 Product News 15 19-02-2010 12:01:53 E-cycling By Manfred Beck Roll-call for e-scrap standards The ninth International Electronics Recycling Congress to be organised by Swiss company ICM took place in late January and attracted a record attendance of more than 400 delegates from 33 countries. In addition, the event drew 34 exhibitors to the parallel trade show - including equipment manufacturers and service providers. In this article, Recycling International reviews the highlights of a congress which has become a firm and important fixture on the electronics recycling calendar.

n the picturesque setting of the Austrian city the recovery of secondary feedstock material,’ Iof Salzburg, delegates attending the ninth it states. Furthermore, the Forum aims to ‘opti- International Electronics Recycling Congress mise the efficiency of member organisations’ (IERC) tackled a broad range of topics affecting operations while striving for continuous envi- this ever more important branch of the recycling ronmental improvement’. industry. These included: the revision of the EU’s The WEEE Forum looks to achieve these goals Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic by: developing data management and reporting Equipment (WEEE); producer responsibility, tools; voicing common concerns; benchmark- collection and take-back systems; eco-labelling ing; sharing collection experiences; and pro- and auditing; recycling of liquid crystal displays; ducing ambitious standards. But Secretary the environmental benefits of recycling; chal- General Pascal Leroy stated in Salzburg: ‘Despite lenges in metals recycling; and investing during sustained efforts by most stakeholders, there tough times. The wide-ranging programme also remains a huge scope for improvement.’ extended to country reports and an update on latest recycling technologies. WEEELABEX project One of the leitmotifs of this year’s IERC was The WEEE Forum began the WEEELABEX e-scrap standards covering, for example, col- project in 2009 as a route to laying down a set of lection, transportation, reporting, processing, European standards relating to the collection, auditing and certification - an issue which treatment, recovery and recycling of WEEE and Europe’s WEEE Forum has been addressing to monitoring processing companies. The since last year. The ultimate goal of the Forum, whose 21 members within the EU were together responsible for collecting 1.5 million tonnes of e-scrap in 2008, is improved protection of the environment. ‘The collection, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of all kinds of WEEE should be improved to prevent pollution, minimise emissions and maximise

The WEEE Man, designed by UK artist Paul Bonomini, is a huge robo- tic figure made of scrap electrical and electronic equipment representing the average amount of e-products UK citizen throws away over a lifetime. It weighs 3.3 tonnes and stands seven meters tall. The ‘Hot Sax’ entertain delegates during IERC’s Networking diner.

16 March 2010

P016 E-scrap update 16 19-02-2010 12:19:01 WEEE legislation, a number of processing ‘Label of Excellence’ companies succeed in gaining a competitive According to the WEEE Forum, most e-scrap advantage thanks to the application of less processing companies play by the rules and environmentally sustainable activities. meet existing standards or regulatory requirements. However, they often tend to face fierce More transparency competition from companies that apply sub- According to the WEEE Forum, WEEELABEX optimal specifications or, worse, are engaged in will make environmental performance more semi-legal business activities, it acknowledges. transparent and will level the playing field In the long run, says the Forum, the ‘WEEE through the creation of a single, harmonised Label of Excellence’ will create a visible distinc- set of standards. It will create incentives for tion between those operators that meet the Delegates dancing the Sirtaki during the Networking diner. operators to meet the highest standards as well highest standards and those that do not. project, which has been approved by the Euro- as disincentives for dishonest companies. According to WEEE Forum Secretary General pean Commission and the EU’s member states, In contrast to the legislative requirements laid Pascal Leroy, the WEEELABEX project ‘will aspires to create a set of requirements based on down in Annex II of the EU’s WEEE Directive, produce certification management procedures, legislation. However, it is more ambitious in the the WEEELABEX standards are claimed to pro- such as formal requirements, the monitoring sense that its methodical and consistent require- vide a more flexible toolbox; laws and decrees are and auditing concept, and the sanction and ment for documentation clearly goes beyond too inflexible because the electronics recycling cancellation procedure.’ Furthermore, it will anything demanded by legislation. landscape is constantly changing, it is argued. create standards including technical require- The project aims to address a number of con- Globally, and in Europe in particular, there exist ments, documentation and reporting obliga- cerns and emerging realities, including those many different types of standards, certification tions, and managerial requirements with listed below. programmes, and marking and labelling respect to e-scrap management. In addition, • The EU’s 2002 WEEE Directive was supposed schemes. The WEEELABEX project addresses there will be an auditor’s ‘toolbox’ incorporat- to harmonise regulatory requirements with all the steps in the chain, including collection ing manuals, check lists, audit forms and so respect to the responsibilities for collection, and preparation for reuse, it is added. forth. And finally, the initiative will bring recycling and recovery of e-waste in Europe, The requirements relating to collection activi- together a pool of auditors who are familiar but the reality is that the requirements laid ties will be implemented - to the extent possible with e-scrap processing technologies and who down in the Directive are interpreted and - by e-scrap collection and recovery organisa- have been trained to audit in accordance with applied differently across Europe. The result tions, it is explained. E-scrap operators that are the standard. is a patchwork quilt of few or no requirements subject to the standard will undergo third- as well as requirements that differ substan- party certification, meaning that first-party R2, or responsible recycling tially from member state to member state, certification - or self-declaration - will not suf- In the USA, there are currently two initiatives rendering economies of scale for processing fice as a means of demonstrating compliance whose aim is to establish e-scrap standards. companies difficult. with the standard. A third party that is finan- The first is called ‘R2’ or, in full, ‘the Responsi- • As a result, the WEEE playing field is not level, cially and materially independent from the ble Recycling (R2) practices for use in accred- with the considerable differences in treatment operator is deemed to be the only guarantee of ited certification programmes for electronics practices creating unfair competition among a thorough compliance check. recyclers’. R2 was developed under the author- companies. In some parts of Europe, post- The requirements laid down in the standard ity of a multi-stakeholder group of electronics shredder technologies are cutting edge while in are minimum requirements. Producers and recyclers and refurbishers, the US Environmen- others there is practically no experience at all. their collection and recovery organisations are tal Protection Agency, US state environmental • Consumers and electronics producers who free to stipulate other demands which go agencies, and manufacturers of electrical and are paying for the management of WEEE have beyond the standard’s requirements - certainly electronic devices. Initially, environmental jus- no assurance of the environmental perform- if they are environmentally more ambitious, it tice organisations also formed part of the R2 ance of companies involved in collection, is made clear. transportation, pre-treatment (de-pollution), WEEE collection organisations will be required treatment, and recovery and recycling. to be in a position to demonstrate that they • Electrical and electronic equipment tech- have contracted with certified partners and that nologies undergo a rapid development proc- the contracts are compliant with the standard. ess and emerging types of equipment - such Certification may initially be carried out by a as mercury-containing flat-panel displays and single certification company, but in time by mercury-containing gas discharge lamps - accredited certification bodies. Auditors per- demand new treatment solutions. forming checks with a view to providing certi- • Owing to the fact that some EU member states fication will be trained in accordance with the Traditionally, the Beer Bar was sponsored by MTB Recycling of France and Air Mercury of Switzerland. Here, Urs Kamber of Air Mercury is fail to secure proper enforcement of their standard and will join a pool of auditors. enjoying the company of the two Beer Bar hostesses.

March 2010 17

P016 E-scrap update 17 19-02-2010 12:19:11 180x127 E 17-11-2008 12:18 Pagina 1

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P018.indd 1 12-02-2010 16:15:00 E-cycling

initiative but these withdrew before the end of vendors - are legal under the laws of the import- the development process; they had called for ing country. They must also do business only R2 to reflect the Basel Convention in such a way with those downstream vendors who conform that the Basel Action Network (BAN) Amend- to key R2 requirements. ment (and/or prohibition on trade with non- According to R2 definitions, focus materials - parties) would control exports, but other R2 whether extracted from or in equipment, participants disagreed. including shredded equipment - are ‘materials R2 is a set of voluntary best management prac- in end-of-life electronic equipment that tices for the electronics recycling industry. They warrant greater care during recycling, refur- Thorsten Brunzema, Policy Officer WEEE Directive of the EU’s are to be used by bishing, materials Directorate General Environment (left) and Victor Duart, Manager Environmental Affairs & Product Safelty of IBM Europe, Middle East accredited certifi- recovery, energy and Africa. cation bodies that ’In the USA, 80% of all recovery, incinera- audit the environ- tion, and/or dis- mental and worker e-scrap delivered to posal due to their health/safety per- toxicity or other formance of elec- recyclers is exported.’ potential adverse tronics recyclers. worker health and According to John Lingelbach of Decisions & safety, public health, or environmental effects Agreements, the US company responsible for that can arise if the materials are managed the execution of the R2 initiative, the project has without appropriate safeguards’. The definition been initiated because customers will increas- covers items containing polychlorinated biphe- ingly ‘insist on third-party certification to a nyls (PCBs) or mercury, cathode ray tubes performance-based standard that reflects their (CRTs) and CRT glass, batteries, as well as Prof. Takao Araki (left) and Prof. Yashuhiro Tsugita, both of the University of EHIME in Japan. customers’ and shareholders’ values’. whole and most shredded circuit boards. Under the R2 scheme, exports containing focus Focus materials materials are prohibited to countries that ban For a company to become a member of R2, it their import. needs to develop and adhere to a comprehensive and documented environmental health and e-Stewards Certification safety (EHS) management system. It must also The second US initiative relating to electronics know and comply with applicable legal require- scrap is e-Stewards Certification which takes ments, and undertake a comprehensive set of the responsibility of the whole e-scrap chain actions to address EHS issues. further than R2. This was developed by BAN, For so-called ‘focus materials’, it requires that a green organisation whose mission includes: The IERC congress drew 34 exhibitors to the parallel trade show. e-scrap processors assure and document that prevention of the globalisation of the hazard- Here, Karsten Mennerich of MeWa Recycling Anlagen in Germany (left) demonstrates his company’s machinery to an interested visitor. exports - including exports by downstream ous chemical crisis and toxic trade; and promo- tion of a toxics-free future and of global envi- EERA: vital to control mercury from used LCDs ronmental justice. In Salzburg, BAN’s founder Jim Puckett called e-stewardship ‘the global During the International Electronics Recycling Congress in Salzburg, the European Electronics Recyclers solution for e-waste management’. Association (EERA) issued a press release stating that liquid crystal displays (LCDs) should be recycled It was explained that e-Stewards are a group of in facilities where mercury releases are controlled to ensure recovered materials are not contaminated leading North American e-scrap recyclers and and no mercury is released to the environment. In this context, the organisation is aiming to publish asset managers who have been qualified as guidance by the end of the year relating to contracts between waste collectors upholding the highest standard of environmen- and facilities. tal and social responsibility. In November 2008, Broken lamps in used LCDs emit mercury vapours, explains EERA. Tests con- BAN announced it would transform the exist- ducted for the association at a recycling plant in the Netherlands found that ing R2 scheme into a full-accreditation, third- 30% of LCDs contained broken lamps; when displays were dropped into a party-audited certification programme to be 35-cubic-metre container, mercury vapour emissions were found to be known as e-Stewards Certification. between 1 and 10 micrograms per cubic metre of air for 16 hours. During the ‘This year, accredited certification bodies will tests, the airborne mercury concentration never exceeded an indicative limit independently assure conformity to revised allowed under EU legislation but EERA warns that this threshold could be e-Stewards standards, thus providing the high- exceeded if more LCD lamps were to be broken. Norbert Zonneveld, Executive est level of assurance that they meet the world’s www.eera-recyclers.com Secretary of EERA. most responsible environmental and social

March 2010 19

P016 E-scrap update 19 19-02-2010 12:19:22 ®

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RI_MultiFerrous_Mar2010.inddAR_2516.indd 1 1 2/4/1008-02-2010 4:02:22 16:57:52 PM E-cycling

Benefits for all Cowbell Award for Karl-Heinz Florenz For all of the above reasons, there was an obvious This year, the International Electronics Recycling Congress’ annual Cowbell Award went to Karl-Heinz need for a global, mainstream, accredited, inde- Florenz - Member of the European Parliament, Rapporteur on the EU Directive on Waste Electrical and pendently-audited certification programme Electronic Equipment, and member of the German Committee on the Environment, Public Health and assuring conformity to a practical but principled Food Safety. global standard which is consistent with inter- Mr Florenz, who is recognised by many as the ‘Father national law and which would benefit both recy- of the European WEEE Directive’, received the award clers and OEMs, Mr Puckett contended. in recognition of his outstanding commitment, lead- In June 2009, the final e-Stewards standard ership and fight for a sustainable world which has became available and the first e-Stewards audi- resulted in the creation of the most important regu- tor training took place. In March this year, the lation regarding electronics waste recycling on the certification programme will be formally European continent. launched and, as of September 2011, all of the Over recent years, recipients of the Cowbell Award pledged e-Stewards must be fully certified or have included: Dr Marco Buletti of the Swiss Envi- lose their e-Steward status. E-stewardship fully ronment Protection Agency; Prof. Dr. Ir. Ab Stevels of incorporates the ISO 14001 environmental the University of Delft in the Netherlands; and Prof. Dr Viktor Haefeli, Chairman of the Steering Committee of the Inter- national Electronics Recycling Congress (left) presents this year’s management system. Theo Lehner of New Boliden in Sweden. Cowbell Award to Karl-Heinz Florenz. Among the e-Stewards founders in the USA are: Boliden, California Electronic Asset Recovery, justice criteria for electronics recyclers,’ Cascade Asset Management, ECS Refining, Mr Puckett told IERC delegates. ‘These crite- Electronic Recyclers International, Green ria include no toxic waste dumped in landfills Citizen, Hesstech, Metech, Redemtech, or incinera- WeRecycle!, tors, exported ‘BAN: ‘54% of all Total Reclaim to developing and Waste countries, or European e-scrap shipments Management sent to prison Recycle Amer- labour opera- ica. In addi- The ninth International Electronics Recycling Congress attracted a are going to sub-standard record attendance of more than 400 delegates from 33 countries. tions, and no tion, there release of pri- destinations.’ are currently vate data.’ 43 licensed and According to BAN’s leader, e-Stewards Certi- pledged e-Steward recyclers which are committed fication was initiated ‘to prevent high-tech to becoming certified by September 2011. trashing of e-scrap into Asia’. He explained: The e-Stewards standard is currently applicable ‘In the USA, 80% of all e-scrap delivered to to electronics recyclers, refurbishers, asset man- recyclers is exported, and every day 50 to 100 agers, processors and refiners. Collectors, bro- containers of e-waste arrive in Hong Kong. kers, transportation companies and end proc- Europe’s leakage is estimated at 54% of all essors (smelters) are currently not eligible for e-scrap shipped to sub-standard destinations. e-Stewards certification. Secretary General Pascal Leroy Jim Puckett, founder of the Basel From Europe, around 500 containers per ‘E-stewardship is not limited to North Ameri- of the Brussels-based WEEE Action Network and initiator of Forum. the e-Stewardship. month are shipped into Lagos in Nigeria for ca,’ Mr Puckett emphasised in Salzburg. ‘Any so-called reuse, but it is estimated that about company operating in an EU or OECD country 75% of it is junk. The principle seems to be can contact BAN and become certified today. “out of sight out of mind”.’ We are open for business!’ Among other facets of what Mr Puckett called the ‘global e-waste crisis’, he identified the following: global diffusion and loss of valuable resources; data insecurity leading to the possibilities of identity theft, fraud, blackmail and invasion of privacy; export of untested or non- working equipment; and a lack of transpar- Mike Biddle, President of MBA John Lingelbach of Decisions & ency with regard to legislated or voluntary Polymers moderated the round- Agreements, LLC in the USA table session on ‘How to stay which has drafted the R2 certifi- take-back schemes. ‘Take back to where?’ he green in tough times’. cation programmes for electronics recyclers. asked his audience. In the USA, 80% of all e-scrap delivered to recyclers is exported.

March 2010 21

P016 E-scrap update 21 19-02-2010 12:19:34 pachinko By Adam Minter Pachinko pay-out for Japanese recycler Pachinko is an obsession in Japan. Furthermore, the machines on which the game is played enjoy a relatively short life-span - and that means a recycling business opportunity. This article examines how eCONeCOL of Fujinomiya City has added the outfall from this hugely popular leisure pursuit to its wide array of commercial ventures.

he roads of the Fujinomiya Industrial Park ther processing. I pause beside a large canvas Twind up and down the foothills beneath bag filled with stainless steel balls; anywhere Mount Fuji in Japan, revealing factories around else, they’d be bearings. But here, in a pachinko each forested corner. eCONeCOL, the region’s recycling centre, they’re more fun than that. dominant scrap recycler and one of Japan’s ‘You have to understand what a big business major scrap exporters, maintains nine separate pachinko is to understand what a good business facilities in the park, including plants devoted pachinko recycling is,’ Mr Tachibana tells me. to appliance and end-of-life (ELV) recycling, a ‘The largest manufacturer, near Aichi, has a shredder and automotive shredder residue one-hundred-billion-Yen turnover (US$ 1.08 (ASR) processing facilities. billion) - more than Mazda.’ But from the perspective of a scrap journalist, The other thing that’s necessary to know about none of these many facilities is quite so interest- pachinko recycling is that the life-span of an ing as the one shown to me by Shinobu Tachiba- individual machine is short. ‘You get the highest na, the English-speaking Deputy Director of the return out of a pachinko machine during its first company’s sales department, at the end of a rainy two weeks,’ he continues. ‘After that, the gamblers afternoon devoted to this impressive company. get tired of it and want something new to play.’ ‘Okay,’ he says as we drive up to one of the com- Every year, more than 3 million pachinko pany’s most modest-sized warehouses. ‘This is machines are retired in Japan and, until recent- where we recycle the pachinko machines.’ ly, they were often shipped as whole units to countries such as China where they were treat- ‘…more than Mazda’ ed in environmentally unsound e-waste work- Inside, pachinko machines, slot machines, shops. But in recent years, a union of pachinko pieces of multi-coloured plastics and hundreds machine manufacturers has established a recy- - if not thousands - of tiny LCD screens are cling subsidy for the machines which range in stacked in neat piles, awaiting shipment or fur- value from Yen 750 to 1250 (US$ 7-11.50),

Pachinko parlours Pachinko is a Japanese gaming device used for lishments called ‘pachinko parlours’, which also exchanged for token prizes such as stuffed ani- amusement and gambling. It resembles a vertical often feature a number of slot machines. Pachinko mals. These can then be taken outside and traded pinball machine, but with no flippers and a large parlours share the reputation of slot machine dens in for cash at a business that is nominally separate number of relatively small balls. The player fires a ball and casinos the world over: garish decoration; over- from the parlour. up into the machine, controlling only its initial speed. the-top architecture; a low-hanging haze of ciga- (Source: Wikipedia) The ball then cascades down through a dense forest rette smoke; the constant din of the machines, music of pins. In most cases, the ball falls to the bottom and and announcements; and flashing lights. is lost, but if it instead goes into certain pockets, more Modern pachinko machines are highly customisable, balls are released as a jackpot. keeping enthusiasts continuously entertained. Pachinko machines were originally strictly mechan- Because gambling for cash is illegal in Japan and ical but modern ones have incorporated extensive Taiwan, balls won cannot be exchanged directly for electronics, becoming similar to video slot cash in the parlour. Instead, the player earns the machines. The machines are widespread in estab- metal balls that run from the machine which can be

22 March 2010

P022 Pachinko 22 19-02-2010 12:03:32 Pachinko pay-out for Japanese recycler

Gold-plated plastics and nothing is left to waste. Even the gold- But that’s not the only value in these unusual plated nails that the pachinko balls ride through machines. As we walk through the small ware- the machine are removed - as evidenced by the house, we pause beside bags of gold-plated contents of a large bag in the corner. Circuit plastics used to decorate the machines. ‘Yeah, boards are separated into canvas bags. ‘They’re that stuff is worth US$ 10 per kilo,’ says shredded or sent to smelters,’ says Mr Tachibana. Mr Tachibana. ‘But you wouldn’t think it, would ‘It’s a market-oriented decision.’ you?’ Nearby, LCD screens of various sizes are As we leave, he points at a stack of photocopying stacked near piles of decommissioned slot machines in the corner. eCONeCOL recycles machines. ‘Pachinko players demand the best- approximately 1000 tonnes of these devices every quality graphics even though the screens and month, primarily in the same facility as the chips might only be used for two or three pachinko machines. ‘There are lots of similarities months,’ Mr Tachibana explains. As a result, to how you handle the disassembly work,’ In Japan, millions of people are addicted to playing pachinko machines. there is a thriving re-use market for pachinko Mr Tachibana explains. ‘It’s just a matter of notes Mr Tachibana. ‘It took three or four years LCDs in China where they’re transplanted into learning how to do it.’ for our company to get certified so we could toys and GPS devices. ‘People don’t realise it receive the subsidy,’ he sighs. but Japanese pachinko subsidises the US GPS For more information: On average, eCONeCOL recycles 3000 industry.’ Adam Minter is a Shanghai-based journalist who individual units per month. According to Across the warehouse, workers are busy disas- writes about business and culture for US and Mr Tachibana, each machine contains roughly sembling recently-arrived machines and sorting European publications. He also maintains a blog at: www.shanghaiscrap.com US$ 24 in plastics and metals. the various parts. Everything is done by hand

The next top quality conference will focus on: • OEM’s success and challenges regarding recycling • Implementation of extended producer responsibility • Best available technologies for dismantling, sorting and recycling • Quality standards in recycling – how to check and monitor? • Global trade and transboundary movement of raw materials and waste • Update on worldwide recycling laws and regulations • News about processes and plants for recycling and recovery • Reuse, repair and recovery of used equipment An exhibition area is integrated into the conference facility, where vendors meet their clients. Cocktail receptions and a networking dinner create an excellent atmosphere to get in touch with your business partners, friends and competitors. Several plant tours to leading recycling companies and manufacturing plants in the vicinity of Shenzhen & Guangzhou in Mainland China are offered to all participants. The organizers have launched a call for papers and invite interested authors to submit their proposals before April 30, 2010.

P022 Pachinko 23 19-02-2010 12:03:33 China By Adam Minter Guangdong plays the technology trump card

t has been a tough year for one of Guangdong’s was short of work after the holiday and instruct- This is the second of two feature articles about the very best and most elaborate scrap recovery ed workers to stay at home until otherwise noti- situation in the metal scrap industry in China’s I Guandong province one year after the onset of the operations. At the sprawling Winmex copper fied. When, finally, volumes picked up enough worldwide financial and economic crisis. The first and aluminium scrap processing facility in in mid-summer to justify a call-back, workers article was published in the January/February 2010 Nanhai, volume has declined significantly year informed the company that they wouldn’t be issue of Recycling International. on year since the onset of the economic crisis returning until after Chinese New Year 2010. - from an average of 8000 tonnes per month in 2008 to 5000 tonnes in 2009, according to Pur- Production bottleneck chasing Manager Lucky Hu. The workforce too This situation isn’t unique to Winmex: across has been reduced to 500 employees from a 2008 South China, semi-skilled labourers are staying high of 700. at home. ‘We’re sending recruiters to villages Making matters even more difficult from a man- but nobody wants to come out,’ sighs Hu. ‘We agement standpoint is the rapidly-rising cost of have a huge production bottleneck because of labour across China. Workers at Winmex make this. So we need to improve our productivity.’ RMB 1800-2000 a month (US$ 262-291), and Productivity increases at Winmex - achieved on sometimes more if they are willing to work over- one of the very best sorting lines in all of China time. That’s a 30% increase in wages over the last - has more than made up for the drop-off. 18 months despite the economic crisis. Designed in-house, the set-up is the standard to Hu ascribes this primarily to a shortage of which other Chinese sorting lines established in labour since the crisis began to take hold. In the aftermath of the market readjustment will early 2009, at a time when Winmex and other aspire. Although Winmex prefers that the details scrap facilities were facing serious slowdowns not be revealed, the essence of the system is a or halts in production, the country was on the very well-arranged set of water tables and other verge of the traditional Chinese New Year hol- sorting technologies supplemented by hand In Guandong province, handsorters are paid around US$ 300 per month. iday. Like other Guangdong factories, Winmex labour. It is worth noting, of course, that there’s

24 March 2010

P024 China 24 19-02-2010 12:08:57 metals, he mentions that workers’ wages at this plant average RMB 2050-3050 (US$ 300-445) per month. Mr Goodman and I stop in our tracks and Xu smiles. ‘Around here, office workers make less than Zorba sorters.’

Extraordinary cost It’s an extraordinary cost by the historic standards of the Chinese scrap metal industry (really, any Chinese industry) and, as Xu sees it, an abso- lutely necessary one that can only be justified by wringing more profit and efficiencies from his operations. At his second yard, he shows us the recently-installed means of achieving both of these goals: a three-storey Zorba sorter that, with its multiple conveyor arms rising into the van- ishing daylight, looks like nothing so much as a giant octopus emerging from the depths. Accord- ing to Xu, it is capable of sorting 500 tonnes of Zorba into various sizes per day; those sorted sizes can then be sent to Xu’s other yard or sold at a profit to other processors. Mr Goodman stands beneath the behemoth and photographs it. ‘I’ve never seen anything like it, size-wise,’ he exclaims. ‘It’s a beast!’ Xu, who designed it himself and oversaw its construction during the economic crisis-induced slowdown, views it as an essential means of squeezing value out of a non-ferrous waste nothing new in the technologies being utilised upgraded to support it. As of late 2009, the park stream that, over the course of his two-decade at Winmex: they are well known and are is a four-hour drive from Guangdong. career, continues to experience shrinking mar- employed across Guangdong. But at Winmex, One park does not mean the demise of Guang- gins, especially in South China. just as at many scrap yards in the Guangdong dong’s scrap processing industry, but it cer- ‘The business isn’t as profitable as it once was,’ Xu area, they play an increasingly important role in tainly signals an impatience for a return to the concedes later over dinner at a nearby Cantonese sorting. And mechanised sorting is the key to old status quo. restaurant. ‘So the quality of material becomes survival in Guangdong’s post-crash, high-duty Other yards, however, are busy adjusting to the very important. We need to know exactly what environment. new status quo. Across town from Winmex, the we are buying so we know exactly what we are founder and President of Guang Han Metal sorting.’ He glances at his purchasing staff - his New recycling park Recycling Company, Xu Zhaomian, operates children. ‘I’m not afraid of price drops. I’m After a yard tour, we retire to a conference room three yards - one of which he maintains for stor- afraid of quality drops. The price I can handle. overlooking the vast Winmex yard. Hu hands age - and a smelter in Qingyuan with a capacity But if the quality isn’t what I think, then I lose me a large green brochure describing a new of 2000 tonnes per month. At dusk on a weekday money.’ recycling park being built in neighbouring night, I join Randy Goodman, Director of Inter- Guangxi Province. ‘It’s a very poor area and the national Marketing and Logistics for US-based government is very happy to have us invest in Omnisource Southeast, on a tour of one of the region,’ she tells me. ‘The customs situation Guang Han’s two sorting yards. Accompanied will be easier and the labour will be cheaper.’ by his two grown-up children ‘Joe’ and ‘Amelie’ The new park and Winmex’s site within it are (who run Guang Han’s European and American not designed wholly to replace its venerable sourcing operations, respectively), Xu explains Nanhai yard. But Hu, and other investors to that, due to the highly mobile nature of Chinese whom I spoke in Nanhai, told me land is plen- workers, he tends to pay his labour force more tiful enough that major operations could be than his competitors in the hope of instilling relocated there once a major trunk highway is some loyalty and stability. As we walk past a table At Winmex’s copper and aluminium scrap processing facility in Nanhai, volume has declined since the onset of the economic crisis from an completed next year and the small port is full of sorters working through 10 mm mixed average of 8000 tonnes per month in 2008 to 5000 tonnes in 2009.

March 2010 25

P024 China 25 19-02-2010 12:09:06 7B:YYn8jggZci cdc"[ZggdjhhZeVgVidgh

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P026.indd 1 12-02-2010 16:19:58 China

Business down from peak Other ways, other means It’s a common opinion among the region’s big- Equipment and technology aren’t the only ger scrap processors. Joe Zhou, President of means used by Guangdong’s cagey operators Global Metals, one of the region’s best known to survive and even prosper during the down- and biggest processors, leads me through his turn. At Zhong Bian, an innovative recycler of new, 25-acre yard where, on the ground, he has scrap transformers in Foshan, the company is approximately 70 container loads of Zorba busy remanufacturing silicon steel into new awaiting sorting. Business is down, he concedes, transformers for hydro-electric stations from a peak of nearly 1000 containers per financed by China’s government stimulus month in 2008 to roughly 650 containers per programme. Meanwhile, the company’s scrap month in early November 2009. But despite the business is beginning to re-awaken after nearly drop-off, Zhou is an optimist who expects to a year of low volumes. The company, a The vast Winmex yard in Nanhai. see his volume double once the global economy part of NAMA Recycling, had 10 North - not just the Chinese economy - emerges from American buying teams prior to the crash; its current doldrums. now it has seven and, in a company classroom, ‘We’re going to start spending more money on it is training more in anticipation of an awaken- technology,’ he says as he watches two workers run ing economy. Despite growing volumes insulated wire o f C h i n e s e through a wet consumption chopping line. and waste, ‘we ‘We’re getting a ‘We can’t do things are an importer dust removal for some time to system.’ And he the way that we used come’, explains adds: ‘The labour Annabelle Ho, cost is too high a NAMA buyer Annabelle Ho, a NAMA buyer based in Vancouver, Canada, and father, to do them.’ Michael Ho, brother to NAMA Recycling’s founder Arthur. now and the based in Van- regulations are couver, Canada, too tight. So we as she stands can’t do things the way that we used to do them.’ alongside her father, Michael Ho, brother to the As we continue walking, he tells me that he too is company’s founder Arthur. an investor and tenant in the new recycling park And across town, Jenny Chen - daughter to one in Guangxi Province. ‘Many people invest in yards of the four brothers who founded Yu Cheng, the and technology now,’ he says. ‘Not inventory.’ region’s largest copper processor and smelter - When I ask him whether the new park is a confidently explains to me the hedging strategy means of skirting the now-tougher customs which her family has used over the years and regime in Guangdong, he smiles. ‘We wel- which has helped to shield it from the worst of come strict rules. Even in the past, we wanted the 2008 price declines. ‘Of course, you don’t to do it right but we couldn’t because everyone make as much money,’ she says, after explaining

Chinese metals recyclers are now buying more and more material else was breaking the rules. They’d have an the operations of her family’s Shanghai trading from Japan. The shorter shipping time reduces their risk, especially advantage if we didn’t follow them.’ The office. ‘But you are safer.’ as compared to the one-month transit times from North America. Guangxi park is, in a sense, just another advantage that Zhou can’t concede to his competitors. Meanwhile, Zhou slowly builds up his volumes and inventory while avoiding holding positions for ‘too long’. Last year taught him some lessons, he concedes. As a result, he’s now buying more and more material from Japan. The shorter shipping time, he explains, reduces his risk, especially as compared to the one-month transit times from North America. As he and others learned last year, scrap prices can change dramatically in the The Xu family - from left: Joe, Zhaomian and Amelie Xu - of Guang Labour cost is rapidly rising in China. Han Metal Recycling Company which operates three yards. course of a month.

March 2010 27

P024 China 27 19-02-2010 12:09:20 There are bigger and stronger ones. But what counts these days is eﬃ ciency. The LUC. The new eﬃ ciency class. If the superlative alone were the best concept, dinosaurs would not be extinct. With the LUC, we have been able to develop a scrap shear that combines the feedback of our customers and our expertise and makes it the logical choice for 800 to 1000 tonnes shearing force. On the one hand, the well-known Lindemann concept of minimal downtimes as a result of screwed wear plates, non-contact path measuring systems or the hydraulic blade tensioning device has been consistently adhered to. On the other hand, due to the combination of side compactor and a cover with overstroke, the V-guide of the blade slide and the intelligent hydraulic management, the maximum number of cuts per minute is achieved - which is noticeable in the production result of tonnes per kilowatt of energy. It all comes down to the technology. We understand your business.

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AR_2523.indd 1 11-02-2010 09:06:09 China

In truth, Yu Cheng appears to be very safe expect Ng to tell me that, as a result, his con- indeed. In 2009, it manufactured 40 000 tonnes tainer volume is down. of copper anode, down from 50 000-60 000 But, in fact, he shows me something quite dif- tonnes in 2008. Nonetheless, there’s some rea- ferent. We arrive at his two-month-old yard, son for concern: according to Chen, fully 60% planned before the economic collapse, just as a of the demand for her company’s products is truck is arriving to dump a newly-arrived con- coming from government projects. Before last tainer of American Zorba. As the metal crashes year’s crash, that number was closer to 40%. to the ground, a sorting line rumbles and roars Like Zhan Bian and many other local proces- to our left. Custom-designed, it includes sorting sors, China’s government stimulus has been an screens and water tables which help convert the essential source of demand. various sizes and types of material in the load

The new, 25-acre yard of Global Metals, one of the region’s best being dumped beside us into valuable, sorted known and biggest processors. The company’s business is down Contracts honoured from a peak of nearly 1000 containers of Zorba per month in 2008 products capable of being hand-picked with to roughly 650 containers per month in early November 2009. As we tour one of the family’s six yards in the efficiency or sold outright at a profit. Nanhai area, Chen tells me that the business is ‘Eighteen months ago, before we opened this yard now importing copper from the USA and and started running this machine, we were doing the EU while buying additional volumes from 60 to 80 containers per month,’ he tells me. ‘Now Chinese agents. we’re doing 150. Yu Cheng, she By concentrat- reminds me, ing on material was one of the ‘Around here, office other than heav- few major buy- ies, we’ve really ers in Nanhai to workers make less improved our honour its con- volume and our tracts after the than Zorba sorters.’ product line.’ We market crash. pause to watch a In 2009, Yu Cheng, the largest copper processor and smelter in Guandong province, manufactured some 40 000 tonnes of copper Not only that, small group of anode. Yu Cheng was a perhaps a dozen major buyer of the thousands of distressed car- hand-sorters work through the heavies, and then goes abandoned by other importers in the take a short drive to the company’s original Guangdong region. ‘Our friends would call up 10-year-old yard. There, 130 hand-sorters spread and ask if I could help them out,’ she tells me. ‘So across the space and pick through medium-sized I would buy the cargoes as a favour.’ I can’t help mixed metals. According to Ng, they can each but point out that purchasing those abandoned handle roughly 500 kg per day (compared to cargoes was quite profitable for those with the 1-1.5 tonnes a day for heavies) and, at RMB 2000 cash and courage to buy them in late 2008. She (US$ 290) a month, nods but dismisses my reasoning: ‘We did it to they provide him with help friends. Long term, that will help us main- a highly-profitable tain good relationships with our suppliers over- ‘deep recovery’ busi-

Handsorting of American Zorba at the yard of Junlong Metal Recycling. seas. The hard part of this business is buying ness perfectly adapted The workers can each handle roughly 500 kg per day. scrap, you know.’ to Guangdong’s new high-duty, high-cost Prospering in the aftermath labour environment. During my final morning in Guangdong, I ride ‘This is really the with Terry Ng, Director of DingFung Limited future, isn’t it?’ I ask and Junlong Metal Recycling Limited, a mid- him. Jenny Chen: ‘Yu Cheng was one of sized Zorba importer and processor. On the He smiles bashfully. ‘I the few major buyers in Nanhai to honour its contracts after the way through the streets and alleys of Nanhai, think so. I hope so.’ market crash.’ he tells me that his business is slowing. ‘We sell to smelters who supply the auto industry. We’re For more information: part of the automobile supply chain. And auto- Adam Minter is a Shanghai-based journalist who mobile sales are slow right now.’ It’s the sort of writes about business and culture for US and thing that I’ve heard from several processors in European publications. He also maintains a blog at: At DingFung, a custom-designed sorting line includes sorting screens www.shanghaiscrap.com and water tables. the course of my time in Guangdong and I

March 2010 29

P024 China 29 19-02-2010 12:09:33 Industrial waste recycling By Dave Sammut Taking the ‘waste’ out of industrial wastes

After all of the cost of mining metals out of the ground, processing them and preparing them for use in manufacturing, the conventional landfill-based alternatives for chemical fixation and disposal of metal-bearing industrial residues and sludges represent a waste of money and resources, as well as a long-term environmental legacy. Now, innovative Australian company Intec Ltd has implemented a recycling facility to extract and recover those metals for further use.

30 March 2010

P030 Intec 30 22-02-2010 11:58:16 Taking the ‘waste’ out of industrial wastes ntec Ltd and its wholly-owned subsidiary Intec tion, with the selected metals ultimately removed Recycling galvanising IEnvirometals Pty Ltd have applied the pat- either as chemical products via precipitation or ented Intec Process technology to the extraction as high-grade metal via electrowinning. wastes and recovery of high-grade metal and/or min- Intec has current projects for a range of metal- Approximately half of the new zinc produced eral and industrial products from common met- bearing industrial wastes, primarily targeting every year is used in the galvanising of steel. alliferous industrial wastes, such as those from lead, zinc, copper, tin and nickel. Due to indus- Meanwhile, spent pickle acid from the galvanis- the plating industry. With its Australian and try demand, it is also looking at the possibilities ing industry can be a significant source of land- developing Chinese operations, the Intec Process for metals such as chromium. fill waste. Containing iron, zinc and low-grade offers the opportunity to divert hundreds of As many different industries use alkali to pre- acid, common landfill-based technologies pro- thousands of tonnes of industrial wastes from cipitate metals from wastewater streams (often duce 2.3 tonnes of waste for every tonne of increasingly limited and costly landfill, returning before recycling the water back into their oper- spent acid treated. the metals as product to beneficial use. ations), the ability of the Intec Process to extract Through its partner in Victoria, Intec has received Having spent the last 15 years bringing its envi- and recover the metals from the resulting sludg- A$ 780 000 (US$ 690 000) of government fund- ronmental Intec Process technology to commer- es or filter cakes offers the technology a simi- ing from EPA Victoria’s strategic HazWaste pro- cial readiness for the mining and minerals indus- larly wide application. gramme to support the demonstration of Intec’s try, Intec recognised that the chemical properties proposed zero-waste spent pickle acid recycling of many metalliferous industrial residues are not Cheaper and cleaner application of the Intec Process. so different to those of raw minerals being con- Intec boasts that its technology is both cheaper Intec and its partner expect to finalise the pro- tinuously stripped from the ground. and cleaner than conventional smelting tech- gramme and construct a recycling facility in Taking the galvanising and plating industries nologies for metal recovery. By operating at low Melbourne, Australia, during 2010/2011 for the as examples, these industries commonly pro- temperatures, the technology does not suffer all recycling of at least 1 million litres of spent acid duce metal-containing acidic wastewaters from of the issues with airborne contaminants that per annum. which the metals are precipitated with alkali, plague smelters, with any iron-based residues yielding sludges and filter cakes. The most com- from the Intec technology being reusable in sev- in its feedstocks - and that’s an acid rain rather mon practice for these metalliferous precipi- eral industrial applications. This offers zero- than a global warming issue. tates is chemical fixation with Portland cement, waste applications for appropriate feedstocks. Importantly, the Intec technology is applicable to followed by disposal of the full bulked-out ton- Life-cycle assessment by the Commonwealth a broader range of feedstocks, at a more flexible nage to landfill. As well as being costly, the con- Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation range of tonnage and composition than conven- tained metals are lost forever and become (CSIRO) showed that the Intec Copper Process tional smelting, allowing the Intec Process to potential problems for the future. offers substantial overall environmental advan- address ‘stranded’ feedstocks that are unviable tages versus conventional smelting, albeit with in terms of conventional processing. Very aggressive environment little difference between the two technologies Lead is lead and zinc is zinc, regardless of the when comparing greenhouse gas emissions in Awards finalist source. The Intec Process uses hydrometallurgy isolation. Although smelting is energy intensive, In 2009, Intec successfully turned over a por- to dissolve the metals out of the industrial it gets much of its energy from burning sulphur tion of its minerals processing research facility sludges, to purify these metals, and to recover in Tasmania to the recycling of metals. In its them as high-grade metal that can act as a direct first major contract, the facility was used to replacement for freshly-mined metal. recycle almost 200 tonnes of intractable heavy The technology uses a concentrated brine liquid metal sludge from a local auto parts plating electrolyte. This is a very aggressive environment, activity. Being too high in metals content to requiring low-cost but specialised (mostly non- permit landfill disposal, even with cement metal) materials of construction. There is a joke fixation, the waste had been accumulating for within Intec that marine-grade 316 stainless steel almost 15 years as it waited for a suitable tech- gets its name from the fact that it lasts 316 sec- nology to become available. onds in the company’s electrolyte. As a result of its success in this initiative, Intec’s The Intec Process operates at less than 100°C and Burnie recycling facility was a finalist for both at atmospheric pressure. By controlling the con- the 2009 Tasmanian Awards for Environmental ditions, the Intec Process can deliver various Excellence and for the prestigious 2009 Banksia product options to suit the particular applica- The Burnie Research facility is the main laboratory fot Intec. Awards.

March 2010 31

P030 Intec 31 22-02-2010 11:58:19 Industrial waste recycling

Building on this success, Intec has also com- tinuing strong growth across the industry spec- menced the development of a project in trum, China can be seen as an excellent target Australia’s south-eastern industrial heartland for for commercial application of the Australian the zero-waste recycling of spent pickle acid from technology. Intec has entered into a joint venture the galvanising industry (see box on page 31). with a Hong Kong-based company called Green Resources (Asia Pacific) Holdings Limited for Developing projects in China the implementation of Intec Process projects in The Australian market offers strong environmen- China, marrying the Australian technology with tal regulations that support best practice and the significant pool of local finance and com- innovation, but its industry is comparatively small mercially-significant volumes of wastes. The and widely dispersed. It is a good proving ground joint venture has so far identified four key poten- for a new technology because success there sig- tial projects in south-eastern China, with the first nificantly increases the overseas opportunities. to be implemented in 2011/2012. With an increasing focus on environmental out- Starting at 50 000 tonnes per annum and grow- comes, tightening regulatory controls and con- ing to as much as 1 million tonnes of steel industry waste per year, the Liuzhou project national recognition for Intec, while subsequent looks more like a minerals venture than a met- projects are also likely to be closely watched. alliferous waste project. The scale dwarfs any Also located in the Guanxi and Guandong comparable Australian effort, and although the provinces of south-eastern China, three projects supplier of steel dust into the project is ‘only’ are proposed for: the phased recycling of 3 mil- the eighteenth largest in China, Liugang Steel’s lion litres per annum of plating industry waste- installed steel production capacity is larger than water from a single industrial complex of 200 that of the entire Australian steel industry. plating companies; recycling up to 1 million Having passed the pre-feasibility stage, with tonnes per annum of solid metalliferous resi- published returns (IRR) of better than 60%, due; and recycling as much as 1 million tonnes The Intec process produces zinc of the highest purity. the Liuzhou project is set to yield rapid inter- per year of mine tailings residue.

Interview Recycling International speaks with Philip Wood, CEO and Managing Director of Intec ltd.

What’s your technological advantage more than in China to date. But China is the most impor- competing processes, which need to have much more compared to other EAFD processing tant steel making nation and generally seeks the best supply of waste to achieve economies of scale. technologies, like those of Horsehead environmental technologies for clean production. Under- (US) and ZincOx (UK)? standing that you ‘don’t make money out of China, but How can your technology be useful for They are all more or less based on the Waëlz kiln or make money with China’, we have formed a local joint the recycling industry? similar rotary kilns, high temperature processes for vola- venture and now we are implementing our technology Especially for recyclers, our technology delivers substan- tilizing crude zinc oxide from EAF dust. There are envi- at the Liuzhou Project. The project can recycle the dust tial benefits. Consider e-waste, for example, which ronmental disadvantages to these methods of processing from EAF and BOF, which contains 25% iron, 30% car- contains a wide range of metals and other materials. dust, as the technology is based on the historic forms of bon, 7% zinc, 1.5% lead and 250 ppm indium. Our technology can recover from both the circuit boards, pyrometallurgy and among other problems involve large and from the leaded glass of CRT televisions and volumes of potentially noxious vapours. We are a hydro- At what point is the Intec process monitors. Recyclers also have the opportunity to expand metallurgical company. Our technology has no airborne starting to be profitable? their business, using the Intec Process to recycle wastes emissions or liquid effluents. In many cases, it has zero This depends on so many issues: What type of waste is that otherwise would have gone to landfill. waste outcomes. Using our patented technology we can it? What is the content? What are the metals prices? guarantee nearly a 100% recycling rate for the right What are the disposal fees in the country? If you con- feedstocks. Not only zinc and lead, but we can also pro- sider Australia, landfilling now costs over US$200 per duce substantial volumes of byproducts, such as silver, tonne in certain states, in Europe about US$150 and the iron products and others. United States around US$100. However in China the situation is the other way around. They give money to the You are rolling out your technology now. steelmakers to recycle the EAF dust. For EAF dust, at Why China? about 30.000 tonnes of waste per annum our technol- If you consider Europe and the US, it seems that those ogy is profitable in the western world – and at even lower steelmakers have ‘organised’ their EAF dust disposal volumes in China. That’s a lot lower volume than the Philip Wood, Intec’s Managing Director and CEO.

32 March 2010

P030 Intec 32 22-02-2010 11:58:23 in future play an important role in a combined solution to the growing landfill problem. In the meantime, there are plenty of opportunities offered by inorganic materials. As noted by Intec’s Managing Director and CEO Philip Wood: ‘The intricacies and opportunities in the waste industries are endless. We have Green Resources already shown on the Australian commercial An ASX-listed Australian public company, Intec scale that our technology can “crack the nut” of announced its joint venture with Green Resourc- previously intractable heavy metal waste prob- es (Asia Pacific) Holdings Limited in November lems, but for every existing project we can see last year. The agreement involves a series of several additional possibilities - far more than staged cross-investments ultimately providing we have the resources to develop alone. We are Intec with 30% of the diluted capital and a open to discussion with the right potential part- board seat at Green Resources on commence- The hydro metallurgical strategy enables Intec to extract a wide ner about applying existing steel and plating range of precious metals out of indutrial waste. ment of Liuzhou project operations. industry applications internationally, about Through Intec, Green Resources has already Future applications recovering lead, gold and other metals from indicated that it has signed agreements for the ScrapRecyIntllPromoAd09:LayoutOf course, there is no single ‘magic 1 1/14/2009 bullet’ tech- 4:51e-waste PM and Page catalysts, 1 nickel from rechargeable on-going supply of steel industry metalliferous nology to divert every tonne of waste from batteries, or chromium from plating wastes or waste as feedstock to the Liuzhou project, as landfill and back into useful service. The Intec CCA timbers, just to name a few. Who knows well as conditional approval - subject to the cur- Process is applicable to inorganic industrial and where the next few years might lead us?’ rent feasibility study - for the approximately 43 mining wastewaters, sludges and residues - it million Chinese RMB (A$ 7 million/US$ 6.1 mil- cannot process organics or consumer wastes. The author of this article, Dave Sammut, is Corpo- lion) of capital required to construct and com- And yet when combined with the right organ- rate Development Manager at Intec Ltd. He can mission the 50 000-tonnes-per-annum Intec ic destruction technology, and possibly even be contacted at [email protected] www.intec.com.au Process plant. sited at a landfill gate, the Intec Process might

M A Y / J U N E 2 0 0 8

2007 MARKET WRAP-UP UNDERSTANDING EXPORT CONTROLS CHINA’S DOMESTIC E-RECYCLING EQUIPMENT FOCUS: MAGNET CONTROLLERS

ISRI CONVENTION HIGHLIGHTS A New Day for Alang INDIA MOVES TOWARD SAFER, CLEANER SHIPBREAKING

Published by the Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI)

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P030 Intec 33 22-02-2010 11:58:26 Supplier By Ian Martin Cheng Ho Hsing: fulfilling a machine-builder’s dream

aiwan-based Cheng Ho Hsing Heavy Mammoth premises TIndustries Co., Ltd (CHH) was founded in The manifestation of this ambition and vision 1977 by Chin Tung Chen who, in his youth, had is CHH’s sole production facility at the Kaoh- been an apprentice in a machinery workshop. siung Science Park in Taiwan. These mammoth Despite a poor education, Mr Chen was noth- 53 000-square-metre premises are home to ing if not ambitious: one day, he told his father some 200 full-time employees and almost 300 Indeed, it is for pre-shredders and shredders that that he wanted a career of his own and was duly contract workers, with 38 engineers working the company is developing its strongest reputa- given a cow to sell in order to buy a second- on project design, supervision and on-site tion in scrap circles. CHH built its first shredder hand machine. The family-owned company has training. The factory boasts 37 cranes, includ- (1250 HP) in 1999 but struggled to make an since grown from a machinery workshop into ing three 100-tonne overhead cranes and some immediate impact in this field. However, between a turnkey supplier of a wide range of handling nineteen 10-tonne gantry cranes. ‘We have all 2003 and 2008, CHH sold a total of 18 units - six and processing equipment used by the scrap the necessary tools to produce our products going to domestic customers and others to Japan, industry and steelmakers, including shredders such as CNC flame/plasma-cutting machines, Malaysia, Thailand, China and Indonesia. Of the and electric arc furnaces (EAFs). CNC lathes, drilling machines and milling total, eight were bought by scrap processors and Mr Chen passed away last year and the company machines,’ Mr Chen points out. the remainder by steelmakers. is now run by his son, General Manager Nelson ‘We have staff who know steelmaking well and This rapid progress was halted by the global Chen. ‘My father was very ambitious and a have more than 30 years’ experience working financial and economic crisis: in 2009, CHH visionary,’ he explains. ‘He was a man with plen- for us,’ he adds. ‘And we also have staff who have sold just a single shredder. Mr Chen explains: ty of guts and a great personality. For example, operated and managed shredder plants in scrap ‘2009 is the worst year we have ever been despite CHH having no experience of manufac- yards. We know about scrap, we know about through; a number of shredder projects were turing shredders, he decided to go for it and to steel and, most importantly, we know exactly postponed because of the terrible financial take a chance to widen our product range.’ what our customers need.’ situation.’ However, long-term contracts worth CHH began manufacturing equipment for a total of US$ 100 million for an EAF and deform bar rolling mills in 1991, supplying its deform bar rolling mill plant helped sustain first turnkey plant in 2003. EAFs entered the CHH through this difficult period. CHH range in 1998 and the company is currently working on its first turnkey project for a Fastest-growing market steel mill client in northern Taiwan; start-up is Exports of shredders into recycling activities

CHH’s 53 000-square-metre production facility at the Kaohsiung scheduled by April. account for around a quarter of CHH’s total Science Park in Taiwan, home to some 200 full-time employees and turnover. And in describing China as ‘the fastest- almost 300 contract workers. Developing reputation growing market in the world’, Mr Chen confirms In terms of scrap processing equipment, the com- the foundations have been laid for a renewed pany sold its first scrap shear in 1995 and six since. sales push here. ‘We expect to get more orders At present, the company provides static shears in from China for shredders and pre-shredders,’ he the shearing force range of 800-1250 tonnes. Sales states. ‘We are confident that we will sell at least have been limited, explains Mr Chen, ‘because two heavy-duty shredders to China this year.’ steelmakers in Taiwan and South Asia tend not to China has already proved to be fertile territory CHH has a huge staff of on-site engineers, sales assistants, purchasing agents, design staff and accountants. favour the use of new hydraulic shears’. for CHH: for example, the company announced

34 March 2010

P034 Supplier CHH 34 19-02-2010 12:05:22 Cheng Ho Hsing: fulfilling a machine-builder’s dream

is also in CHH’s sights - as evidenced by its deci- shark teeth, the lower rollers tear infeed materi- sion to attend the Institute of Scrap Recycling als while the upper rollers hold them in place. Industries’ major exposition in San Diego this Further boosting its offer, CHH has established May. ‘We will learn from the show and then make supply agreements with some of the industry’s our next move,’ says Mr Chen. best-known names for auxiliary scrap processing And he adds: ‘We have agents in a number of and sorting equipment, including Steinert for countries such as England, Australia, Indonesia, magnets and Hagglunds for hydraulic power China and Egypt, and we are always looking for units/motors. The Taiwanese company’s skill-sets new agents in other countries.’ also extend to repairing and refurbishing shredders and shears made by other manufacturers. Heavy-duty design The company’s shredders vary in size from Promising start to 2010 60×104 up to 120×120, and motor sizes extend Following the project postponements of 2009, CHH pre-shredders offer scrap processing capacities of between 10 from 1250 to 10 000 HP, providing processing CHH has made a promising start to 2010 by and 60 tonnes per hour. capacities ranging from 25 to 400 tonnes per securing an order for a slag/ash recycling plant. hour. The shredders accept scrap of up to 2.6 Mr Chen says: ‘In China, South Asia and Europe, in September last year that it had won a contract metres in width, thus ensuring an ability to there is strong evidence of an improvement to supply a 6000 HP 98/104 (250/260) shredder process complete cars in ‘as received’ or flat- because most of our clients believe the worst is to Zhangjiang City in China’s Jiangsu province. tened condition. over. Scrap prices have gone up steadily and some Zhangjiang is home to China’s first-ever disman- ‘The special features of our shredders are their mills have even had trouble acquiring scrap.’ tling park for imported cars where up to 5 mil- heavy-duty design, high capacities, high effi- He goes on to note that the USA is home to more lion vehicles per year will be processed. Success ciencies and reliability in operation,’ observes than 250 heavy-duty shredders whereas China with this venture could lead to similar parks in Mr Chen. ‘The shredders are designed for both boasts less than a quarter of this total despite other provinces of China, so Mr Chen believes top and bottom discharge in order to maximise being the world’s largest crude steel producer. the Zhangjiang shredder order places CHH ‘one productivity while liquid rheostat control ‘You can imagine the opportunities there,’ he step ahead of our competitors’. monitors motor torque capability in real time says. ‘My father’s wish was for CHH to be the Although CHH’s main markets are within Asia, ‘to ensure the motor always operates to its opti- most competitive heavy-duty shredder supplier the Taiwanese manufacturer is also looking to mum and consumes less power’. in the world. We have already established a strong cultivate sales further afield. If not for the global The mill body can be separated into three sections position in Asia and now we are looking to take recession, the company would have already sold to enable the user to change the top grate with that extra step into other markets.’ its first shredder into the UK, Mr Chen believes, ease while the rotor can be lifted with middle sec- although he remains confident this project will tion to assist with changing the lower grates. come to fruition in 2010. The American market ‘These features help users to save downtime when doing maintenance,’ notes Mr Chen. Some of CHH’s clients process a range of materials and so benefit from the ability to change grates quickly.

Roller design ‘key’ CHH’s pre-shredders offer scrap processing capacities of between 10 and 60 tonnes per hour for complete cars (with or without engines) or CHH shredder at Dragon steel, one of Taiwan’s largest steelmakers. flattened vehicles, household appliances, dense- ly-packed bales and other forms of iron and steel For more information: scrap up to a thickness of 8 mm. Wear parts are Cheng Ho Hsin Heavy Industries Co., Ltd., manufactured from proprietary work hardening Kaohsiung Science Park, Taiwan steel alloys produced under strict quality con- Phone: +886 7 697 5188, trols in a local foundry. Mr Chen adds: ‘The Fax: +886 7 696 0325, design of the upper and lower rollers is key to E-mail: [email protected] CHH shredder at China Metal Recycling in Nin Po, the country’s lar- www.chhm.com.tw gest metals recycler and the first company that went public in China. the effectiveness of the pre-shredder.’ Resembling

March 2010 35

P034 Supplier CHH 35 19-02-2010 12:05:25 market analysis

Ferrous Closed: February 17 2010

Prices fall - but supply issues remain In recent weeks, there has been something of a stand-off between scrap consumers and their suppliers: the former are reluctant to bow to current offer levels whereas the latter have been holding out for better prices because of availability constraints and higher freight rates. As Recycling International went to press, cfr price indications for shipments from Europe to Turkey were as follows: US$ 330-335 per tonne for standard quality HMS I/II 80/20 scrap; US$ 335-340 per tonne for shredded; and US$ 325-330 per tonne for the HMS I/II 70/30 mix.

he ferrous scrap price excitement in bulk and container form. In India, mills appear prepared to buy at no international market eased in the two Twitnessed in the pre- and post- meanwhile, customers were prepared more than US$ 330-335. CIS region weeks running up to its New Year cel- Christmas period has given way more to pay either side of US$ 350 per tonne suppliers are even more bullish, ebrations. However, with its stocks of recently to a period of greater calm, but cfr for shredded material towards the demanding US$ 350-plus per tonne for scrap reportedly quite low, healthy not before some consignments of fer- middle of February compared to A3 grade scrap. order levels are anticipated from this rous scrap reportedly commanded upwards of US$ 380 around the start Indeed, there have been reports of major buyer on the resumption of nor- upwards of US$ 400 per tonne cfr in of the month. Turkish rebar producers turning to the mal working. the international marketplace. Offers have remained quite high CIS billet market rather than agreeing Domestic scrap prices in South Korea Consumers in the east of Asia - includ- despite the fact that some of the to the ferrous scrap offers coming out have charted a steadily rising course. ing China, Taiwan, Vietnam and Indo- world’s leading importing nations - of both Europe and the USA. According to Steel Business Briefing, nesia - were among those said to be notably Turkey - have shown disinterest the newly-introduced Korean Standard paying US$ 385-plus per tonne cfr for in booking large volumes of scrap at Volumes adversely affected (KS) certification scheme for scrap has their supplies during the course of these levels. For example, US exporters Scrap sellers’ expectations have been allowed suppliers to demand higher January, but by early last month trans- have still been looking for prices heightened by the adverse impact of prices as compliance with the new sys- action prices had fallen to nearer US$ exceeding US$ 345 per tonne cfr for reduced industrial activity and severe tem requires the investment of addi- 340 per tonne for HMS I/II 80/20 scrap HMS I/II 80/20 scrap whereas Turkish winter weather on the volumes tional time and labour. Furthermore, of ferrous scrap entering processors’ heavy snowfalls in early January dis- facilities. In the Ukraine, for example, rupted the country’s scrap collection scrap dealers imposed price increases activities and deliveries. of more than US$ 50 per tonne on domestic customers in late January Turkish imports decline in response to the reduced avail- The start of 2010 has seen South East ability and logistics problems caused Asia continuing to challenge Turkey’s by heavy snowfalls. And having previously undisputed status as the noted that scrap prices in Germany world’s leading importer of ferrous increased by an average of Euro 25- scrap. According to data from the Turk- 30 per tonne in January, domestic ish Statistical Institute (TUIK), the coun- scrap association BDSV’s Managing try’s scrap imports fell from 17.42 mil- Director Ulrich Leuning suggested the lion tonnes in 2008 to 15.6 million difficult weather conditions could tonnes last year, with American export- prompt a further price progression. ers shouldering much of the decline China’s scrap buying activity on the while remaining the leading provider.

36 March 2010

P036 MA Ferrous 36 19-02-2010 14:30:25 Ferrous

approximately 5% in steel mill ship- seaborne iron ore market shares of, imports of iron ore surged more than ments in the first quarter, we also respectively, 17% and 19% while Vale 40% last year to almost 628 million expect significant increases in both controls 33%. Output at Brazil-based tonnes. Leading supplier was Australia sales prices and scrap costs.’ Vale, the world’s largest iron ore pro- on approaching 262 million tonnes Nucor’s average scrap and scrap sub- ducer, dropped from 301.7 million (+43% compared to 2008), followed stitute cost per ton used in the fourth tonnes in 2008 to 237.9 million tonnes by Brazil on 142.4 million tonnes quarter was US$ 276 compared to last year - a decline of more than 20%. (+41.5%) and India on 107.3 tonnes US$ 299 in the third quarter of 2009 However, production in the second half (+18%). And in the first month of and US$ 435 in the final quarter of of the year was 21% higher than in the 2010, China’s imports exceeded the 2008. For 2009 as a whole, the aver- first half, thereby reflecting the general January 2009 total by 43% in reaching age scrap and scrap substitute cost was brightening in the global economic 46.6 million tonnes. 31% lower than in 2008 at US$ 303 outlook. Once its São Luís plant returns per ton. The company’s capacity utilisa- to operation possibly by the end of the Fall in pig iron output tion rate dropped from 69% in the first quarter, the company expects to In response to higher demand, pig iron third quarter of 2009 to 58% in the operate at full capacity during 2010. producers have been looking for high- final three months of the year. However, its latest financial report er export prices. Brazil has reportedly The Iron Age scrap price bulletin com- makes clear: ‘Even running our iron ore achieved prices in excess of US$ 400 posite for HMS I has hovered within a mines and pellet plants at full capacity per tonne fob - an increase of approx- relatively narrow band over the course we will struggle to satisfy client imately US$ 30 from January - while of the last month. From US$ 304.83 demand in 2010.’ Russian and Ukrainian material has per long ton delivered, it dropped to been attracting up to US$ 410 per US$ 299.83 before climbing slightly to Big difference tonne. US shipments to Turkey fell to 3.849 US$ 301.50 at the time of writing. Vale’s Executive Director for Ferrous China boosted its pig iron production million tonnes in 2009 from just over In China, meanwhile, the Nanjing Com- Minerals José Carlos Martins has told by 15%-plus in 2009 to 543.75 million 5 million tonnes in the previous year; modity Exchange has announced its investors and analysts that the signifi- tonnes, according to World Steel Asso- Romania came next on 1.981 million intention to launch a scrap steel price cant disparity between benchmark and ciation (WSA) data. In total, however, tonnes and the Netherlands third on index before the end of first-quarter spot iron ore prices needs to be the leading 42 producer countries 1.534 million tonnes. 2010 in a bid to reduce price fluctua- resolved. ‘We cannot live with such a reporting to the WSA saw overall pro- Looking at December figures in isola- tions. big difference,’ he said. ‘If customers duction drop around 3% to 898 mil- tion, however, Turkey imported around want benchmark prices, they need to lion tonnes, with output increases in 1.34 million tonnes of scrap in the final Competing commodities understand that we need flexibility to Asia and the Middle East offset by month of 2009 - equivalent to almost Having peaked in January at around deal with the difference between spot steep declines elsewhere. However, as 30% more than in the corresponding US$ 137 per tonne cfr China, prices and benchmark prices.’ reported by Steel Business Briefing, month of 2008. paid for iron ore fines (63.5% Fe) were According to Mr Martins, the spot mar- China’s Ministry of Environment Pro- struggling to better US$ 130 towards ket accounts for half the world’s tection is looking for the closure of 20 Reduced earnings from scrap the middle of February. seaborne iron ore sales but more than million tonnes of annual pig iron Turning to the USA, major US-based Meanwhile, the European Commission two thirds of sales for China. Latest capacity in 2010 to reduce harmful scrap consumer Nucor Corp. has con- announced in late January that it customs statistics reveal that Chinese emissions. firmed net earnings of approaching would open an investigation into the US$ 59 million for the fourth quarter possible impact of the proposed joint of 2009 compared to a net income of venture between iron ore mining almost US$ 106 million in the corre- giants BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto. The sponding period of 2008. These latest decision has been welcomed by the results were significantly impacted by European Confederation of Iron and ‘reduced earnings in our downstream, Steel Industries (Eurofer) whose Direc- long products and scrap businesses’, tor General Gordon Moffat claims the the company points out. link-up ‘would be an unacceptable The company states: ‘Going forward, concentration which will significantly we believe that the most challenging restrict competition in the seaborne markets for our products will be those iron ore market’. Such a move would associated with residential and non- effectively place the global iron residential construction, which con- ore market ‘in the hands of just two tinue to show little, if any, strength. companies’, the organisation claims. While we expect improvements of BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto enjoy

March 2010 37

P036 MA Ferrous 37 19-02-2010 14:30:27 ��

��

P038.indd 1 12-02-2010 16:36:17 Ferrous

Steel Beijing government. CISA’s Chairman When viewed from the 12-month per- mainly due to a further deterioration in Based on how the year began, many Deng Qilin told a members conference spective, steel production declined in all the non-residential sector.’ analysts would not have predicted a in early February that domestic crude the other major steel producing coun- Although apparent consumption is esti- ‘mere’ 8% drop-off in crude steel pro- steel output could exceed 600 million tries of the world, including the USA mated to have fallen by almost 35% in duction for 2009 as a whole. The out- tonnes in 2010 while the country’s (-36.4%), Japan (-26.3%) and Russia the whole of 2009, low inventories at put decline in the first half of the year apparent steel consumption could leap (-12.5%). But in December 2009, the the start of 2010 will support a gradual had been 21.3% but, ultimately, pro- 8-10% to as much as 620 million latest month for which WSA statistics strengthening of the market during the duction in the 66 countries reporting tonnes. In 2009, China’s apparent con- have become available, those same course of the year, it is claimed. ‘Any to the WSA slipped from 1.326 billion sumption soared 25% to just short of three countries registered production further improvement in demand-side tonnes in 2008 to just short of 1.22 565 million tonnes. increases of, respectively, 48.2%, 19.6% fundamentals should trigger a corre- billion tonnes in 2009. Analysts at MEPS are expecting China and 66.3%. By the same December sponding need to replenish inventories The fact that so much ground was to boost its steel output by more than comparison, output in Brazil soared from their current low levels,’ says Euro- made up in the second half of last year 7% this year to some 609 million 56.4% while the total for the 27 mem- fer. ‘This will provide the major boost to owes much to the prodigious steelmak- tonnes. However, they also believe that ber states of the EU was 34.9% higher the 12.5% rise in apparent consumption ing activity in China where production world output will grow at an even at 12.239 million tonnes. For the year expected in 2010.’ leapt 13.5% during 2009 as a whole faster 10.9% to 1.35 billion tonnes. as a whole, EU steel production declined According to Eurofer’s President Wolf- to 567.8 million tonnes; the country’s almost 30% from 198 million tonnes to gang Eder, who is also Chief Executive share of world steel production jumped Asia dominant just over 139 million tonnes. of Voestalpine in Austria, Europe should a staggering nine percentage points Returning to the WSA statistics, Asia as a For the 66 reporting countries, crude look to shed some 15% of its steel- last year to 47%. whole produced 795.4 million tonnes of steel production amounted to 106.4 making capacity to reduce the total to And the China Iron & Steel Association crude steel in 2009 - an increase of 3.5% million tonnes in the final month of below 180 million tonnes per annum. (CISA) has indicated that ‘recovery in compared to 2008 - while the continent’s 2009 - a huge 30.2% jump when com- He described as ‘premature’ the reac- the local economy will keep strength- share of global output increased to 65% pared to December 2008 - although tivation of substantial idled capacity ening’ in 2010 and that, as a result, from 58%. Output in India was 2.7% the capacity utilisation rate of 71.5% which increased capacity utilisation in ‘steel demand will continue to rise’, higher last year at 56.6 million tonnes was lower than the 74.7% recorded in the fourth quarter of last year to partly through a continuation of while the total for the Middle East the previous month. approaching 80%. ‘urgent’ urbanisation measures by the advanced 3.3% to 17.2 million tonnes. In the USA, the capacity utilisation rate Steel output to leap reached 68% in the week ending Feb- According to a report by Steel Business ruary 13 as domestic raw steel produc- Steel production by region in 2008 and 2009 (x million tonnes) Briefing Research & Consulting, world tion amounted to 1.645 million net Region 2008 2009 % change crude steel production can be expected tons. This compares to a utilisation rate Asia 768.3 795.4 +3.5 to leap well over 400 million tonnes of just 45.5% in the corresponding Europe (inc. CIS) 344.1 265.8 –22.8 from around 1.22 billion tonnes last week of 2009 when output struggled North America 124.5 82.3 –33.9 year to some 1.643 billion tonnes by the to 1.064 million net tons. South America 47.4 37.8 –20.1 year 2015 - equivalent to annual growth Middle East 16.6 17.2 +3.3 Progress to be ‘slow’ Africa 17.1 15.2 –11 of 4.1%. It is anticipated that China will Australia/NZ 8.4 6 –28.6 account for almost 330 million tonnes In response to improving conditions, Total 1326.5 1219.7 –8 of this increase to give the Asian giant leading steelmaker ArcelorMittal

Source: World Steel Association an annual production figure exceeding increased its capacity utilisation rate to 900 million tonnes per annum in 2015. 70% in the fourth quarter of 2009 from The report also predicts that, over the 61% in the previous three months; The world’s top 10 steel-producing countries (x million tonnes) same period, crude steel production in further progress to 75% is predicted India will almost double - from for the first quarter of 2010. Rank Country 2009 2008 % change approaching 57 million tonnes in 2009 While warning that the global recovery 1 China 567.8 500.3 +13.5 2 Japan 87.5 118.7 –26.3 to 108 million tonnes six years later. will be ‘slow and progressive in the 3 Russia 59.9 68.5 –12.5 Output among the EU’s steel-using sec- developed world’, ArcelorMittal has fore- 4 USA 58.1 91.4 –36.4 tors will climb just 0.6% this year but cast that world apparent steel demand 5 India 56.6 55.1 +2.7 growth will accelerate to 3.5-4% in will climb 10% this year. Consumption 6 South Korea 48.6 53.6 –9.4 2011, according to a report from Euro- in developed markets will improve but 7 Germany 32.7 45.8 –28.7 fer. ‘The outlook for the engineering will remain 23% below 2008 levels 8 Ukraine 29.8 37.3 –20.2 industries and automotive manufactur- whereas real demand in China will grow 9 Brazil 26.5 33.7 –21.4 10 Turkey 25.3 26.8 –5.6 ers has become slightly more upbeat,’ a further 10% this year, it suggests. it states. ‘In contrast, perspectives for There is undoubtedly a greater ground- Source: World Steel Association the construction sector have darkened, swell of confidence in steelmaking circles

March 2010 39

P036 MA Ferrous 39 19-02-2010 14:30:27 Follow the leader ! www.axe-communication.com

LEFORT (Head Office) Greece B.T.C. Tsanaktsidis K Bros corp [email protected] Tel: +32 71 35 16 09 Germany Recuperma Gmbh [email protected] Fax: +32 71 34 50 55 Netherland Recuperma Bvba [email protected] [email protected] Hungary-Romania Vasker Plusz Kft [email protected] www.lefort.com Japan Envitech Co Ltd [email protected] Russia Salem Ehitus Ou [email protected] South Africa Treppo Trading Ltd [email protected] United Kingdom Lefort UK Ltd [email protected] www.lefort.com

Pub_Mob1000.inddAR_2507.indd 1 1 12-01-201012/01/10 10:29:14 16:26:36 Ferrous

and some producers appear prepared to million tonnes. The company has also els and with many parts of Asia about are struggling to impose significantly respond to this improved sentiment with confirmed that it is aiming to boost raw to return from the Chinese New Year higher prices for their finished products, substantial capacity investments. Among material self-sufficiency from 18% last celebrations, the general feeling at the there seems to be a strong possibility them, South Korea’s biggest producer year to 30% by 2012. time of writing is that demand for fer- that supply constraints will serve to Posco is planning to add around 10% to rous scrap will be strong heading into keep scrap prices firm. Rising container its crude steel output this year to return Conclusions the final month of the first quarter. And freights will act as a further incentive to 2008 production levels of around 34 With scrap stocks at generally low lev- so even though the world’s steelmakers for keeping prices high.

Ferrous Scrap Prices Reference date: 17 February, 2010

USA Domestic Scrap Prices (US$/GRT) Fob Rotterdam Export Prices (US$/t) 310 305 300 460 Highest price 300 440 Lowest price 290 420 280 280 278 400

270 380 260

260 252 360

250 340 325 305 240 320 300 240 229 320 230 300 300 229 275 280 275 220 280 295 255 210 216 210 260 250 275 270 210 270 250 200 240 200 225 245 190 220 205 210 200 200 220 205 180 200 200 195 195 170 180

160 160

150 140 HMS 1 heavy steel scrap (1/4 Inch) composite price delivered at mills HMS 80/20 heavy steel scrap Feb Mar Apr May JulyJun Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Feb Mar Apr May Jun AugJulySep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb

USA Export Prices (US$/GRT) Average German Scrap Prices (e/t) 460 310 Fob East Coast price 440 300 Fob West Coast price 420 290

400 280

380 270

360 345 260

335 340 250 340 239.40 320 330 240

300 285 230 280 220 275 275 219 280 220 219.90 280 260 211.60 275 270 260 210 270 240 240 255 240 230 200 199 235 235 197 220 205 210 220 190 202 186.10 205 175 200 201 180 195 178 180 170 171.30 166 160 160 157.20 140 150 HMS 1, heavy steel scrap (1/4 Inch) S2 / E2, steel scrap (3 mm) Delivered at mills Feb Mar Apr May Jun AugJulySep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Feb Mar Apr May Jun AugJuly Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb

March 2010 41

P036 MA Ferrous 41 19-02-2010 14:30:28 market analysis By Gerhard Teborg et al

Nickel & Stainless Closed: February 17 2010

Nickel price volatility reflects unsettled market

Since our previous report, the Rotterdam price of 304 stainless steel scrap has slipped to US$ 1750-1780 whereas the 316 price has held steady at US$ 2400- 2450 per tonne. 430 scrap (17% chrome) has seen its price improve from US$ 400-430 per tonne to US$ 430-450 while the 409 grade (13% chrome) has also climbed - from US$ 300-320 to US$ 320-340.

einer Flassbeck, Chief Economist er stainless steel output: producers Hat the UN Conference for Trading have increased capacity utilisation to and Development (UNCTAD), has 70-80%, resulting in increased demand called for bankers to be suspended for raw materials and particularly isfactory scrap availability but very poor while the 409 grade is now attracting from trading in raw material derivatives scrap. profits. US$ 320-340. - a remarkable demand which could As a consequence of the change in the Chrome prices are on their way to have some impact on LME quota- Euro/US dollar exchange rate, the price higher numbers; high-carbon ferro- Europe tions. of 304 stainless steel scrap has declined chrome has climbed to US$ 1.05-1.10 It would appear that the nickel price is Meanwhile, the steep fall in the value to US$ 1750-1780 per tonne from per lb and is expected to make further being driven more by the activities of of the Euro in relation to the US dollar US$ 1820-1870 at the time of our pre- gains during the course of this year. It the speculative hedge funds than by has cast a shadow over the markets vious report in mid-January. Mean- should be remembered that chrome is market fundamentals. Last year, nickel and intensified the prevailing sense of while, 316 scrap has remained indispensable to the production of struggled as a result of weakness insecurity. The volatility of the LME unchanged at US$ 2400-2450 per stainless steel. As regards chrome within Europe’s stainless steel industry, nickel price between US$ 17 000 and tonne as a result of a surge in the scrap, prices of 430 material have but the signs are now much more US$ 18 000 per tonne over the course molybdenum price. Traders report sat- improved to US$ 430-450 per tonne positive and experts are forecasting far of just few days is a visible expression of this unsettled situation. Reports of high nickel stocks in China, which was the market driver in 2009, will no doubt prompt the country to limit its imports. China doubled its imports to more than 250 000 tonnes last year and the market is oversup- plied. Meanwhile, France’s largest nickel producer Société Générale is very optimistic about the outlook for stainless steel in 2010. The company is forecasting an average nickel price for the first quarter of US$ 19 500 per tonne, partly on account of major delays in some nickel production projects. The price estimate is also based on the company’s anticipation of high-

42 March 2010

P042 MA Stainless 42 19-02-2010 12:05:51 Nickel & Stainless

stronger nickel demand in 2010. If this reveal that the country’s nickel produc- Minor metals proves to be the case, there should be tion climbed 5.4% to 21 271 tonnes in a positive impact on prices. December last year when compared Titanium prices have risen again in recent weeks to US$ 6.00-6.60 per kg In Germany, V2A (304) alloyed scrap to the final month of 2008. Output Ti (maximum 4.5% aluminium). As a reflection of these changed times, one was trading recently at around for 2009 as a whole jumped 16.4% to producer has said that he cannot offer any material as there is no scrap to US$ 1700 per tonne while V4A (316) 870 500 tonnes. cover the sales. Meanwhile, ferro-tungsten has stabilised at US$ 28.50-30 scrap prices have risen considerably. In The nickel price in China declined from per kg W and ferro-vanadium has followed suit at US$ 26.50-29 per kg V. the Netherlands, prices of INOX 18/8 Yuan 16 050 per tonne (US$ 2343) LME newcomers molybdenum and cobalt are the centre of attention, with nickel scrap are around US$ 1820 per in mid-January to Yuan 15 900 (US$ both enjoying higher prices partly as a result of speculative activity. Eyebrows tonne while INOX 316 has been 2321) on February 12. were raised recently by a letter written to the Financial Times by an MIT attracting more than US$ 2000 in some professor in which he claimed that cobalt could be substituted by manga- instances. North America nese, nickel or iron in the battery industry. Despite this, prices of low-grade According to analysts at Barclays cobalt improved to US$ 20.50-21.50 per lb. China and elsewhere Capital, the LME cash nickel price will China’s molybdenum concentrate prices have inched up to US$ 36-38 per in Asia rebound in 2010 towards its level of kg Mo as some buyers returned to the market for speculative re-stocking. According to China’s Customs Office, 2008. The average for last year was the country’s exports of refined nickel US$ 6.62 per lb (US$ 14 564 per tonne) and alloys sky-rocketed 1608% last whereas the prediction for 2010 is December to 7673 tonnes while over- US$ 9.24 per lb (US$ 20 328 per tonne) seas shipments for the year as a whole - not far short of the US$ 9.58 per lb surged 432% to around 33 000 tonnes. (US$ 21 076 per tonne) of 2008. How- Chinese imports of refined nickel and ever, a recent poll of leading analysts alloys advanced 26% to 13 608 tonnes orchestrated by Reuters produced a in December while the 12-month total more conservative LME cash average was 111% higher at 250 216 tonnes. prediction for 2010 of US$ 8.25 per lb, Data from China’s Bureau of Statistics or US$ 18 150 per tonne.

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Galloo_adv_Rec_intern-180-127/09.indd 4 14-05-2009 14:51:06

P042 MA Stainless 43 19-02-2010 12:06:00 market analysis

Non-Ferrous Closed: February 17 2010

More promising prospects for aluminium

With some of the leading base metals experiencing significant price fluctuations since the start of the current year, scrap values have also proved to be rather volatile. LME cash prices as at February 17 were as follows (per tonne): aluminium US$ 2050; copper US$ 6939; lead US$ 2195; zinc (Special High Grade) US$ 2222; and tin US$ 16 600.

Aluminium tainers (UBCs) has been healthy, (Autor) were standing recently at, 42 106 tonnes in December last year The secondary aluminium industry in partly as a result of seasonal collection respectively, US$ 2000 and US$ 1205 while overseas purchases during the the USA is benefiting from the activity. UBCs bucked the wider US per tonne. In the UK, meanwhile, scrap whole of 2009 rocketed 1130% to 1.5 improved conditions within the domes- aluminium scrap export trend in post- prices have been relatively stable in million tonnes. Exports were 41% tic automotive sector; as a result, scrap ing an increase for the first 11 months recent weeks, with commercial pure cut- lower in December 2009 at 27 295 is enjoying strong demand as well as of 2009, with overseas shipments gain- tings trading lately at US$ 1537-1618 tonnes while the January-December premiums in some instances. Analysts ing 16% to reach 17 845 tons. per tonne, mixed alloy/old rolled cuttings cumulative total of 45 904 tonnes rep- at CRU have pointed out that, in According to market experts in Europe, at US$ 1294-1375, and commercial resented a drop of 58%. emerging from an economic downturn, prospects are promising and consump- turnings at around US$ 971-1003. In Also in December, China’s primary alu- scrap generation tends to lag behind tion is expected to improve. Traders in the Netherlands, price patterns largely minium production surged 39% to an improvement in manufacturing Germany are stressing that they could followed those in Germany, with new 1.37 million tonnes whereas domestic activity. At present, they go on to sug- sell considerably more aluminium scrap pure aluminium scrap fetching slightly output for the whole year gained only gest, there is a fundamental shortage than is currently available in the market- over US$ 2000 per tonne. 1% to around 13 million tonnes. of aluminium scrap. place. The domestic price of aluminium Since early January, the value of alu- The global primary aluminium surplus Domestic supply of used beverage con- wire scrap (Achse) and aluminium chips minium on the Shanghai Yangtze spot for the first 11 months of last year was market has mirrored the volatility of 1.05 million tonnes compared to 1.41 other non-ferrous metals. Having begun million tonnes in the corresponding the year on Yuan 16 580 per tonne (US$ period of 2008, according to the World 2420), the light metal’s price climbed to Bureau of Metal Statistics. Production Yuan 17 330 (US$ 2530) by January 12 retreated 7% to 33.67 million tonnes before falling back. Its value subse- while demand slid 6.2% to 32.62 mil- quently recovered some of the lost lion tonnes. Meanwhile, figures from ground in reaching Yuan 16 230 per the Aluminum Association and the Alu- tonne (US$ 2369) on February 12, sup- minium Association of Canada indicate ported in part by the tight supply of coal that North American aluminium pro- and electricity as a result of heavy snow- duction suffered a decline of almost falls in the north of China. Nevertheless, 18% last year to 4.757 million downstream aluminium consumption tonnes. has remained lifeless. According to data from China’s Cus- Copper toms Office, the country’s imports of In Europe, experts are offering contra- primary aluminium jumped 212% to dictory views about the copper market:

44 March 2010

P044 MA Non Ferrous 44 19-02-2010 12:34:46 Non-Ferrous

while the sceptics predict that prices month of last year - an increase attrib- Aluminium Copper will fall below US$ 5000 per tonne dur- uted mainly to speculation and invest- LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) ing the course of 2010, the optimists ment. For 2009 as a whole, Chinese 6000 3500 700 8000 believe the US$ 10 000 barrier could imports surged 1189% to 3.19 million be breached by the end of the year. tonnes. Figures from the country’s Cus- Although Europe’s exports to Asia are toms Office are expected to show a 5000 3000 600 7000 currently no better than moderate, continuation of this growth trend in

traders everywhere are reporting January of this year following the release 4000 2500 500 6000 shrinking copper scrap stocks. If Asian of credit loans. demand increases, scrap could become Meanwhile, China’s refined copper very short in Europe - a possibility caus- output jumped 28% to 418 000 tonnes 3000 2000 400 5000 ing great concern to the continent’s in December last year while production

secondary copper processors for the whole of 2009 grew 9.6% to 2000 1500 300 4000 In Germany, copper scrap prices have 4.25 million tonnes, according to the Aluminium Copper LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) basically followed the LME trend in fall- Bureau of Statistics. Monthly output is LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) 6000 3500 700 8000 ing slightly, but were less volatile. Non- expected to remain above 400 000 M A M AJ S O N D J A MMM AJ S O N D J M M A M AJ S O N D J A MMM AJ S O N D J M alloyed bright wire I (Kader) was tonnes in the near term although Aluminium Copper recently fetching US$ 6847 per tonne smelters are struggling to obtain suf- 5000 3000 600 7000 LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) in Germany, whereas bright wire scrap ficient material to feed their capacity. 6000 3500 700 8000 was recently trading in the Netherlands According to preliminary International 4000 2500 500 6000 at around US$ 6790 and mixed scrap Copper Study Group (ICSG) data, Lead Zinc 5000at US$ 5950. 3000 apparent refined copper production 600 7000 LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) In the USA, there has been ample outstripped usage by 132 000 tonnes 3000 2000 400 5000 180 3000 700 3000 demand for copper and brass scrap but in October and by 78 000 tonnes across 4000 2500 500 6000 supplies are proving difficult to secure. the first 10 months of the year. This 2000 1500 300 4000 November 2009 figures from the US compares to a production deficit of 150 2500 600 2500 3000Commerce Department reveal that2000 around 58 000 tonnes for the January- 400 5000 exports achieved their highest levels since October period in 2008. M A M AJ S O N D J A MMM AJ S O N D J M M A M AJ S O N D J A MMM AJ S O N D J M 120 2000 500 2000 May last year at just short of 85 000 tons. In the first 10 months of last year, world 2000 1500 300 4000 In early February, copper radiators were usage is estimated to have decreased by attracting a delivered price of US$ 2.03- 1% despite a surge of 43% - or 1.8 mil- 90 1500 400 1500 2.07M A perM lb on theAJ domestic S O N marketD J while AlionMMM tonnesAJ - inS China’sO N apparentD J M demand. M A M AJ S O N D J A MMM AJ S O N D J M

red brass was commanding either side of Usage in the EU-15, Japan and the USA 60 1000 300 1000 US$ 2.50. fell 21%, 31% and 21%, respectively. Lead Zinc Between early January and mid-Febru- World refined copper production edged LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) 180 3000 700 3000 ary, the primary copper price on the 0.1% lower, with primary output gaining M A M AJ S O N D J MM A M AJ S O N D J M M A M AJ S O N D J MM A M AJ S O N D J M Shanghai Yangtze spot market proved 0.3% and secondary production from Lead Zinc to be highly volatile, starting out at scrap losing 2%. Cuts in refined produc- 150 2500 600 2500 LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) Yuan 59 900 per tonne (US$ 8744) on LMEtion prices amounted (in U.S. dollars/MT) to 5.5% in Europe, 12% LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) 180 3000 Nickel700 3000 the first working day of the year and in North America and 1.3% in Asia 120LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) 2000LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) 500 2000 climbing to Yuan 61 050 (US$ 8912); (excluding China) but these losses were 200 30.000 150however, an announcement from the2500 balanced by increases of 8.8% in Chile 600 2500 People’s Bank of China of its intention and 6.8% in China. Refined production 90 1500 400 1500 to raise the saving reserves rate by capacity utilisation fell to 77.8% com- 175 25.000 120 2000 500 2000 0.5% adversely affected the domestic pared with an average rate of 80.9% in 60 1000 300 1000 copper market and the red metal’s price the same period of 2008. 150 20.000 90fell to Yuan 56 050 per tonne (US$1500 Researchers at UBS believe global cop- 400 1500 8182). This steep drop has been good per demand growth could exceed 10% M A M AJ S O N D J MM A M AJ S O N D J M M A M AJ S O N D J MM A M AJ S O N D J M news for China’s copper consumers this year to produce a market shortfall 125 15.000 60 1000 300 1000 who have subsequently shown a great- of around 600 000 tonnes; as a result,

er willingness to build up their stocks. they have upped their average price 100 10.000 Nickel WhenM A comparedM AJ Sto ODecemberN D J 2008,MM AforecastM AJ for SthisO yearN DfromJ US$M 7260 M A M AJ S O N D J MM A M AJ S O N D J M LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) China’s refined copper imports advanced per tonne to US$ 8360. However, a LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) 200 30.000 25% to 244 013 tonnes in the final survey by Reuters of 57 analysts M A M AJ S O N D J MM A M AJ S O N D J M

Nickel 175 25.000 LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) 200 30.000 March 2010 45

150 20.000

175 25.000

125 15.000

150 20.000 P044 MA Non Ferrous 45 19-02-2010 12:34:48 100 10.000

125 15.000

M A M AJ S O N D J MM A M AJ S O N D J M

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P046.indd 1 12-02-2010 16:32:34 Aluminium Copper LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) Aluminium Copper6000 3500 700 8000 LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) 6000 3500 700 8000 5000 3000 600 7000

5000 3000 600 7000 4000 2500 500 6000

4000 2500 500 6000 3000 2000 400 5000

3000 2000 400 5000 2000 1500 300 4000

2000 1500 300 4000 M A M AJ S O N D J A MMM AJ S O N D J M M A M AJ S O N D J A MMM AJ S O N D J M

M A M AJ S O N D J A MMM AJ S O N D J M M A M AJ S O N D J A MMM AJ S O N D J M Non-Ferrous

Lead Zinc LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) Netherlands,LME old stocks lead (x scrap1000 metric has been tonnes) old zincLME scrap prices was (in U.S. trading dollars/MT) recently at Lead Zinc180 3000 700 3000 commanding US$ 1860 per tonne. around US$ 1430 per tonne while feed- LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) 180 3000 700 3000 Having stood at Yuan 16 050 per tonne back from the Netherlands suggests an 150 2500 (US$ 2343)600 on January 4, the lead price old 2500zinc alloy scrap price of US$ 1260 on the Shanghai Yangtze spot market and hard spelter zinc at US$ 1470. 150 2500 600 2500 showed no appreciable change in reach- On the Shanghai Yangtze spot market, 120 2000 500 2000 ing Yuan 15 900 (US$ 2321) on February the zinc price dropped from its January

120 2000 500 2000 12. Most end users have remained cau- 4 level of Yuan 20 673 per tonne (US$ 90 1500 tious in their400 buying patterns and have 3018)1500 before recovering to 17 900 Yuan declined to build large stocks owing to (US$ 2613) on February 12 as end users 90 1500 400 1500 uncertainty created by the consumption looked to stock up ahead of the Chinese 60 1000 300 1000 outlook and pressure from speculative New Year. However, most consumers are

60 1000 300 1000 activity. However, the consensus is that covering only their immediate needs. M A M AJ S O N D J MM A M AJ S O N D J M demand MforA lead-acidM AJ batteries S O N willD J CustomsMM A OfficeM AJ figuresS O NconfirmD J Mthat, improve in the second quarter and that compared to the final month of 2008, M A M AJ S J MM A M AJ S J M M A M AJ S J MM A M AJ S J M O N D O N D O N D O N D prices will rise accordingly. China’s refined zinc imports were a According to China’s Bureau of Statistics, massive 477% higher in December last Nickel domestic refined lead production climbed year at 19 078 tonnes although this LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) almost 12% to 374 300 tonnes in total was 10.5% shy of that for Novem- Nickel 200 30.000 LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) December last year whereas the increase ber. For 2009 as a whole, Chinese 200 30.000 for 2009 as a whole was almost 17% at imports jumped 265% to 669 549 175 25.000 3.8 million tonnes. Output figures for the tonnes. Despite rising 153% to 12 129 first two months of 2010 are expected to tonnes in December, China’s refined 175 25.000 reveal a decline owing to heavy snow in zinc exports slid 59% to 29 271 tonnes 150 20.000 cities with major smelting capacity as well for the year as a whole.

150 20.000 as to the inability of most plants to accept China’s Bureau of Statistics calculates 125 15.000 the rising prices of lead concentrates. that domestic production of refined zinc China’s refined lead imports edged 6% totalled 461 700 tonnes last December 125 15.000 higher in December last year to 2282 - an increase of 45% over the same 100 10.000 tonnes while the full-year total of 157 month in 2008. For all of 2009, produc- 100 10.000 269 tonnes represented an increase of tion climbed 11% to 4.4 million tonnes. M A M AJ S O N D J MM A M AJ S O N D J M 409% over 2008. The country’s exports According to the International Lead & leapt 86% to 3219 tonnes in December Zinc Study Group, global output of M A M AJ S O N D J MM A M AJ S O N D J M but sagged 32% to 23 029 tonnes for refined zinc exceeded usage by 445 the year as a whole. 000 last year - the largest surplus for Preliminary data from the Internation- 16 years. Despite an 11.3% leap in al Lead & Zinc Study Group indicate Chinese production, global output slid that global supply of refined lead 9.1% lower owing to plant cutbacks, exceeded demand by 71 000 tonnes in closures and suspensions implemented 2009. A 15.7% leap in Chinese pro- in response to the economic downturn. duction contributed heavily towards an Sharp falls in demand of 25% in overall rise in global output of 2%. Europe, 10.5% in the USA and 23% in revealed a somewhat lower average some hedge funds reduced their activities Despite contractions in demand of Japan were partially balanced by an copper price prediction for 2010 of in the lead market and LME prices fell 15.5% in Europe, 5.9% in the USA and increase in China’s apparent usage of around US$ 7000 per tonne. slightly; this had a positive effect on 27.2% in Japan, world usage of refined 17.8%, resulting in an overall reduc- demand because processors used the lead advanced 1.2% last year - princi- tion in global demand of 5.3%. Lead opportunity to build stocks. pally as a result of a leap in China’s Contributing to the In late January and early February, lead Despite evidence of an emerging lead apparent demand of 20.2%. Non-Ferrous Metals prices in Europe were not determined by scrap supply shortage, prices followed the Market Analysis: the normal rules of supply and demand downward trend on the LME. In Ger- Zinc • Ralf Schmitz, German but rather by the activities of speculative many, soft lead scrap (Paket) has lately In Europe, zinc has mirrored lead in that non-ferrous trade association hedge funds; as a result, the metal is been attracting some US$ 1636 per scrap prices have bucked normal trends VDM, Europe deemed by traders to be considerably tonne - a steep drop from the early-Jan- by falling in the face of a growing short- • Lili Shi, journalist and consultant, China overpriced. Towards the end of January, uary price of nearer US$ 1830. And in the age of available material. In Germany,

March 2010 47

P044 MA Non Ferrous 47 19-02-2010 12:34:50 market analysis

Paper Closed: February 17 2010

Higher freight costs help keep market firm

Most of the price pressure in the recovered paper market remains towards the upside given tight supply, relatively healthy demand and elevated shipping freight rates. Chinese New Year produced a temporary slow-down in Asian buying activity but few experts are anticipating anything other than healthy order levels once buyers return to their offices.

Europe year before stabilising; this was true of ening of the currency in relation to the North America Snow hits supply the OCC market in particular. Attention US dollar. Scramble for tonnage Once again, snowfalls across parts of is now turning towards what will hap- OCC is setting a positive trend that Throughout most of the USA, domestic Europe have adversely affected volumes pen once purchasers return from the other grades of recovered paper are mills are scrambling to find OCC. of recovered paper coming forward for Chinese New Year celebrations. There following. For deinking material, Domestic prices again increased dra- recycling. Tonnages of the lower grades is a belief that the differential between demand has been reasonable both matically in early February as consum- entering merchant processors’ yards are OCC and other grades of recovered within Europe and across in Asia, ers have been reaching out to other going a long way towards satisfying paper is now too great and that prices although customers in India are said to regions in their bid to secure tonnage prevailing levels of demand but supply of the latter now appear too low. be struggling to pay the high price lev- at basically any price. The poor eco- of recovered paper in general continues The bad weather in Europe has also hit els on offer from exporters. Incoming nomic times are continuing to lead to to be a cause of concern. container movements to ports. Ship- volumes have been quite healthy but very low generation levels; indeed, The majority of mills held their prices ping space remains tight and further below the levels of this time last year. one experienced supplier reports that for February despite the fact that levels shipping freight rate increases have Both Europe and Asia are also showing this is the lowest generation over a paid by buyers in Asia gained rapid been recorded; according to one expert, good demand for all of the middle prolonged period that he has seen in ground in the first few weeks of the hikes of, typically, US$ 150-250 per grades of recovered paper. In Europe, many years. 40-foot container were prices increased in both January and Export prices seemed to weaken in introduced on February February, not least because of a relative early February but mounted a slight 1 - equivalent to lack of business activity within the improvement towards the middle of US$ 6-10 per printing sector. For shipments to India, the month. Overall, it seems likely that tonne - and freight rates increased again in Febru- OCC prices will remain strong in both shipping lines ary and shipping space is continuing to the domestic and export markets over were warning prove hard to secure. the next few months. Supply issues of the possibil- As for the high grades, the first two could become acute if mill production ity of further months of the year brought further levels start to improve and if genera- increases later rounds of price increases on the back tion remains low. in the month. of low generation and healthy demand. Generation of the news grades also Euro-zone export- This upward trend also owes much to remains poor owing to the severe win- ers have been lower stocks and higher prices for ter weather and lower newspaper cir- helped by the weak- pulp. culation; at the same time, prices have

48 March 2010

P048 MA Paper 48 19-02-2010 14:47:39 Paper

UK exports dip - but remain high The UK, established as Europe’s largest exporter of recovered fibre, shipped some 4.5 million tonnes to overseas customers last year - a total some 8% lower than the all-time high of 4.847 million tonnes recorded in 2008, according to preliminary data from the country’s Confederation of Paper Industries (CPI). Last year’s volume also trailed behind the 4.658 million tonnes of 2007 but exceeded the 3.951 million tonnes of 2006. The data also reveal that UK consumption of paper and board products fell some 10% last year to 11.5 million tonnes, leading to a cut of 7% in the volume of used products collected for recycling to 8.1 million tonnes. Domestic paper and board production declined 14% to 4.3 million tonnes, with mills dropping their recovered fibre purchases by 6% to just under 3.8 million tonnes. The collection rate (the tonnage collected as a percentage of the tonnage con- sumed) actually advanced from 76% to around 78%. CPI points out that the smaller decline in domestic usage of recovered paper and board means that UK exports ‘bore a higher percentage of the reduced collection’. The opening of the Palm newsprint mill in the east of England ‘is likely to see exports fall further in 2010 if collection levels do not pick up to compensate’. Peter Seggie, Recovered Paper Sector Manager at CPI, comments: ‘2009 was again a very demanding year for the UK paper and board industry. However, it was great to see new paper and boardmaking capacity come on-stream to reverse some of the recent decline in domestic paper and board manufacturing. The fact that the new UK capacity is based on 100% recovered paper is also good news for the recovered paper industry.’ improved slightly. Similarly, the wood- higher qualities of recovered paper. free deinking grades recorded a price Poor weather across Europe and the New European recycling office for increase in February in response to, yet USA has reduced tonnages available Smurfit-Stone again, poor generation at a time of to the export markets. At the same The recycling division of US-based Smurfit-Stone Container Corporation has healthy demand both at home and time, there has been a further increase opened a new European office in the Netherlands. from the export market. in shipping freight rates to Asia. Located in Rotterdam, it forms part of Smurfit-Stone Recycling Interna- The majority of shipping lines increased tional, which is headed up by General Manager Mike Oswald, and represents their freight rates again in mid-February the company’s recycling and waste solutions business outside of North by anything between US$ 50 to US$ America. The new venture will source recovered paper in Europe for sale 150 per container. Some are planning into China via the company’s Shanghai office. The material will also be sold to announce further rate hikes for to Smurfit-Stone customers elsewhere in Asia as well as in Europe and March 1. Central/South America. ‘This is an important expansion of our global activities, which focus on iden- Asia tifying and implementing new and improved ways to support our customers’ Sustained demand international businesses,’ says Mr Oswald. ‘Having an “on-the-ground” pres- A continuation of the strong demand ence in Europe will help us to better anticipate and respond to global market witnessed for almost all grades of conditions and support increased material recovery efforts in Europe.’ recovered paper has led to further Meanwhile, Smurfit-Stone is planning to close four more plants in the USA price increases over recent weeks. and shed 600 employees this year as it prepares to exit from Chapter 11 Once again, China has been the top bankruptcy protection. buyer of the bulk grades such as OCC, www.smurfit-stone.com mixed papers and deink news; indeed, Contributing to the Recovered Paper Market final figures are expected to show that Analysis: Chinese imports of recovered paper • Dick de Groot (Van Gelder exceeded 26.5 million tonnes last Recycling, the Netherlands) year, thereby easily outstripping the • Marielle Gommans total of just over 24 million tonnes (Bel Fibres, Belgium) • Steve Vento (Vipa Lausanne for 2008. Meanwhile, India has SA, Switzerland) increased its orders for the middle and

March 2010 49

P048 MA Paper 49 19-02-2010 14:47:41 CHECK OUR WEBSITE

Experienced specialists in Collecting and recycling of www.recyclinginternational.com • Paper The time had come to update our website - and the transformation is • Board now complete! Our old website had become somewhat outdated and so we have adapted it to the most modern standards. The website • Plastics www.recyclinginternational.com now contains the full archive of feature articles we have published over the years. • Archives destruction All our paying subscribers have access to the feature articles published in Recycling International using their e-mail address and the password they have received. In addition, our subscription system has been renewed while, at the same time, the navigation structure and layout Bel Fibres SA have been modernised. Rue de Monte en Peine 2 Phone (+32) 65.760.960 Please take a look: we would be delighted to receive feedback 7022 HYON Fax (+32) 65.760.965 ([email protected]) on our new image - whether Belgium E-mail belﬁ[email protected] positive or negative. The Recycling International team

P050.indd 1 22-02-2010 12:03:58 market analysis Textiles

Textiles Closed: February 16 2010

Sorters watch their stocks dwindle For the first time in a long while, the US dollar has gained significant ground on the Euro and exporters in Europe are hopeful of converting this into additional overseas business. Sorters in Europe, however, are struggling to acquire original material because of the adverse impact of winter weather on collection volumes.

Günther Krippendorf, than 50% compared to the norm for Sales of sorted clothing to Africa were the severe winter weather conditions. FWS Alta-West, Germany this time of the year. As a result, there relatively slow at the end of the Christ- Sales of the recycling grades have has been a drastic drop in sorting com- mas season. European exporters have remained relatively stable - but at very Europe panies’ stock levels; some businesses pinned some of their hopes on the low price levels. However, demand for As a result of the severe winter weath- have already used up their entire decline in the value of the Euro versus wiping cloths has increased since the er conditions, generation of original inventories and many have been forced the US dollar which puts them in a bet- beginning of the year and stocks in material has fallen dramatically in to implement radical production cuts. ter competitive against their US coun- sorting companies’ warehouses have almost all Western European coun- This situation is not expected to terparts. And many buyers in Eastern been trimmed as a result. However, it tries. change before March when the next Europe are reporting that sales into remains to be seen whether this trend According to market experts, collec- round of seasonal collections are their region have come to a virtual can be maintained in the months tion tonnages have slumped more scheduled to start. standstill, also as a consequence of ahead.

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P051 MA Textiles 51 22-02-2010 09:33:45 classified ads

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52 March 2010

CLASS ADS.indd 52 19-02-2010 14:52:30 Classified Ads

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March 2010 53

CLASS ADS.indd 53 19-02-2010 14:52:32 IN THE NEXT ISSUE April

Editorial closing date: March 22 2010 Extra circulation! Contact Manfred Beck Additional copies of phone: +31 26 3120-994 Recycling International fax: +31 26 3120-630 will be on display at: e-mail: [email protected] China International Recycling Advertisement closing date: Conference & March 25 2010 Exhibition Contact Jan-Willem Ypma 15-17 April phone: +31 343 517-488 Hangzhou (China) fax: +31 343 510-253 www.chinairc.org e-mail: * World ELV recycling update [email protected] ISRI Convention and * Steel recycling in South Korea Expo 2010 If you want to get your * Precious metals update 4-8 May message across to more San Diego (USA) than 33 000 recycling www.isri.org professionals companies * Recycling’s carbon footprint in 125 countries worldwide, then call/fax/e-mail us And, of course, our regulars: about editorial features or advertising in the April * News * Product News * In-depth Market Analyses covering ferrous and non-ferrous metals, 2010 issue of Recycling nickel & stainless, paper and textiles * Viewpoint * International.

advertiser index A-1 Specialized Products 55 Levand 13 Adam, John R. & Sons 12 Ludlum Measurements 26 Bakker Magnetics 26 MacPresse 12 Bel Fibres 50 Metallum 5 BHS Sonthofen 12 Metso Lindemann 28 BIR 14 Moros (Industrias Hidráulicas) 38 Bollegraaf Recycling Peperzeel 18 Machinery 18 RadComm Europe 38 Cheng Ho Hsing 10 RecycleNet 50 For advertisements please contact: Jan Willem Ypma (Sales Manager) GHS Strahlenschutz 26 Remetall 38 Global Metals 9 RIISA 11 P.O. Box 2098 6802 CB Arnhem Group Galloo 43 Scrap Magazine 33 The Netherlands Harris Waste Management 20 SGM Magnetics 7 Phone: +31 343.517.488 Fax: +31 343.510.253 ICM 23 Sierra Europe 2 E-mail: JMC Recycling Machinery 46 Vezzani 56 [email protected] Lefort 40 ZB Talleres 46

54 Maand 2010

P054 Next issue-advertis 54 23-02-2010 10:00:50 AR_1323:AR_1323 04-12-2007 09:35 Pagina 1 AR_1885:Opmaak 1 06-12-2007 08:55 Pagina 1