Pheromone Communication in the Model Organism Nasonia Vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
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Associative Learning in Response to Color in the Parasitoid Wasp Nasonia Vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
Journal of Insect Behavior, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2000 Associative Learning in Response to Color in the Parasitoid Wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) S. E. Oliai1 and B. H. King1,2 Accepted July 1, 1999; revised August 2, 1999 A parasitoid that can learn cues associated with the host microenvironment should have an increased chance of future host location and thereby increase its reproductive success. This study examines associative learning in response to simultaneous exposure to the colors yellow and blue in mated females of the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis. Preference was measured as the proportion of time spent on a color. When trained with one color rewarded with hosts and honey and the other unrewarded, females showed an increase in preference for the rewarded color with increasing number of training days (1, 3, and 7 days). Hosts and honey together produced a slightly greater preference toward the rewarded color than just hosts, which produced a greater preference than just honey. When trained with a variable reward on one color and a constant reward on the other, females preferred the color associated with the variable reward when it was yellow, but not when it was blue. Thus, relative to no reward, the presence of a variable reward decreased the strength of preference toward the constantly rewarded color. Finally, females trained with regular hosts on one color and used hosts on the other preferred the color associated with the regular hosts when that color was blue but showed no preference in the reverse situation. The presence of used hosts instead of no reward did not increase the strength of preference for the color associated with the regular hosts. -
Transitions in Symbiosis: Evidence for Environmental Acquisition and Social Transmission Within a Clade of Heritable Symbionts
The ISME Journal (2021) 15:2956–2968 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-00977-z ARTICLE Transitions in symbiosis: evidence for environmental acquisition and social transmission within a clade of heritable symbionts 1,2 3 2 4 2 Georgia C. Drew ● Giles E. Budge ● Crystal L. Frost ● Peter Neumann ● Stefanos Siozios ● 4 2 Orlando Yañez ● Gregory D. D. Hurst Received: 5 August 2020 / Revised: 17 March 2021 / Accepted: 6 April 2021 / Published online: 3 May 2021 © The Author(s) 2021. This article is published with open access Abstract A dynamic continuum exists from free-living environmental microbes to strict host-associated symbionts that are vertically inherited. However, knowledge of the forces that drive transitions in symbiotic lifestyle and transmission mode is lacking. Arsenophonus is a diverse clade of bacterial symbionts, comprising reproductive parasites to coevolving obligate mutualists, in which the predominant mode of transmission is vertical. We describe a symbiosis between a member of the genus Arsenophonus and the Western honey bee. The symbiont shares common genomic and predicted metabolic properties with the male-killing symbiont Arsenophonus nasoniae, however we present multiple lines of evidence that the bee 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: Arsenophonus deviates from a heritable model of transmission. Field sampling uncovered spatial and seasonal dynamics in symbiont prevalence, and rapid infection loss events were observed in field colonies and laboratory individuals. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation showed Arsenophonus localised in the gut, and detection was rare in screens of early honey bee life stages. We directly show horizontal transmission of Arsenophonus between bees under varying social conditions. We conclude that honey bees acquire Arsenophonus through a combination of environmental exposure and social contacts. -
Recent Advances and Perspectives in Nasonia Wasps
Disentangling a Holobiont – Recent Advances and Perspectives in Nasonia Wasps The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Dittmer, Jessica, Edward J. van Opstal, J. Dylan Shropshire, Seth R. Bordenstein, Gregory D. D. Hurst, and Robert M. Brucker. 2016. “Disentangling a Holobiont – Recent Advances and Perspectives in Nasonia Wasps.” Frontiers in Microbiology 7 (1): 1478. doi:10.3389/ fmicb.2016.01478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01478. Published Version doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01478 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:29408381 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA fmicb-07-01478 September 21, 2016 Time: 14:13 # 1 REVIEW published: 23 September 2016 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01478 Disentangling a Holobiont – Recent Advances and Perspectives in Nasonia Wasps Jessica Dittmer1, Edward J. van Opstal2, J. Dylan Shropshire2, Seth R. Bordenstein2,3, Gregory D. D. Hurst4 and Robert M. Brucker1* 1 Rowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA, 3 Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA, 4 Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK The parasitoid wasp genus Nasonia (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) is a well-established model organism for insect development, evolutionary genetics, speciation, and symbiosis. -
Attraction of the Bark Beetle Parasitoid Rop~Rocews Xylophugorum (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to Host-Associated Olfactory Cues
~YSIOLOGIG~L AND CHEMICAL E COLOG Y Attraction of the Bark Beetle Parasitoid Rop~rocews xylophugorum (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to Host-Associated Olfactory Cues BRIAN T. SULLIVAN,’ EVA M. PETTERSSON,’ KATJA C. SELTMANN, AND C. WAYNE BERISFORD3 Environ. Entomol. 29(6): 1136-1151 (2066) ABSTRACT Studies were conducted to identify host location cues used by Roptrocerus xyloph- agorum (Batzeburg), a larval/pupal parasitoid of bark beetles. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, female rylophagorum were attracted to infested bark (i.e., phloem, cambium, and outer corky bark tissues) removed from bolts of loblolly pine, Pinus tueda L., colonized by the late instar larvae and pupae of the bark beetle Zps grundicollis Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). In contrast, bark taken from recently cut, uninfested bolts interrupted attraction to infested bark when these were presented together. Larval and pupal hosts isolated from infested bark were not attractive to parasitoids, whereas frass removed from the larval mines in infested bark was highly attractive. Bark from which hosts or both hosts and host frass were removed remained highly attractive. Bark sandwiches (fresh bark with the exposed surface pressed to glass microscope slides) infested with either third-instar or adult female 1. gt-an&x& were attractive to female parasitoids, whereas bark sandwiches with only mechanical damage to the phloem tissue were unattractive. A steam distillate of bark infested with host larvae was attractive to female R xyZophagorum, whereas a distillate of fresh pine resin was not attractive. Volatiles from the experimental baits were collected on Porapak Q and analyzed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Several compounds were identified that distin- guished baits with biological activity. -
The Genome of the Cereal Pest Sitophilus Oryzae: a Transposable Element Haven
The genome of the cereal pest Sitophilus oryzae: a transposable element haven PARISOT Nicolas1,$, VARGAS-CHAVEZ Carlos1,2,†,$, GOUBERT Clément3,4,‡,$, BAA-PUYOULET Patrice1, BALMAND Séverine1, BERANGER Louis1, BLANC Caroline1, BONNAMOUR Aymeric1, BOULESTEIX MattHieu3, BURLET Nelly3, CALEVRO Federica1, CALLAERTS PatricK5, CHANCY THéo1, CHARLES Hubert1,6, COLELLA Stefano1,§, DA SILVA BARBOSA André7, DELL’AGLIO Elisa1, DI GENOVA Alex3,6,8, FEBVAY Gérard1, GABALDON Toni9,10,11, GALVÃO FERRARINI Mariana1, GERBER Alexandra12, GILLET Benjamin13, HUBLEY Robert14, HUGHES Sandrine13, JACQUIN-JOLY Emmanuelle7, MAIRE Justin1,‖, MARCET-HOUBEN Marina9, MASSON Florent1,£, MESLIN Camille7, MONTAGNE Nicolas7, MOYA Andrés2,15, RIBEIRO DE VASCONCELOS Ana Tereza12, RICHARD Gautier16, ROSEN Jeb14, SAGOT Marie- France3,6, SMIT Arian F.A.14, STORER Jessica M.14, VINCENT-MONEGAT Carole1, VALLIER Agnès1, VIGNERON Aurélien1,#, ZAIDMAN-REMY Anna1, ZAMOUM Waël1, VIEIRA Cristina3,6,*, REBOLLO Rita1,*, LATORRE Amparo2,15,* and HEDDI Abdelaziz1,* 1 Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, INRAE, BF2I, UMR 203, 69621 Villeurbanne, France. 2 Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SySBio), Universitat de València and SpanisH ResearcH Council (CSIC), València, Spain. 3 Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR5558, Université Lyon 1, Université Lyon, Villeurbanne, France. 4 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 526 Campus Rd, Cornell University, ItHaca, New YorK 14853, USA. 5 KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium. 6 ERABLE European Team, INRIA, Rhône-Alpes, France. 7 INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Versailles, France. 8 Instituto de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, CHile. -
Ichneumonid Wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in the to Scale Caterpillar (Lepidoptera) [1]
Central JSM Anatomy & Physiology Bringing Excellence in Open Access Research Article *Corresponding author Bui Tuan Viet, Institute of Ecology an Biological Resources, Vietnam Acedemy of Science and Ichneumonid Wasps Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam, Email: (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) Submitted: 11 November 2016 Accepted: 21 February 2017 Published: 23 February 2017 Parasitizee a Pupae of the Rice Copyright © 2017 Viet Insect Pests (Lepidoptera) in OPEN ACCESS Keywords the Hanoi Area • Hymenoptera • Ichneumonidae Bui Tuan Viet* • Lepidoptera Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam Abstract During the years 1980-1989,The surveys of pupa of the rice insect pests (Lepidoptera) in the rice field crops from the Hanoi area identified showed that 12 species of the rice insect pests, which were separated into three different groups: I- Group (Stem bore) including Scirpophaga incertulas, Chilo suppressalis, Sesamia inferens; II-Group (Leaf-folder) including Parnara guttata, Parnara mathias, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Brachmia sp, Naranga aenescens; III-Group (Bite ears) including Mythimna separata, Mythimna loryei, Mythimna venalba, Spodoptera litura . From these organisms, which 15 of parasitoid species were found, those species belonging to 5 families in of the order Hymenoptera (Ichneumonidae, Chalcididae, Eulophidae, Elasmidae, Pteromalidae). Nine of these, in which there were 9 of were ichneumonid wasp species: Xanthopimpla flavolineata, Goryphus basilaris, Xanthopimpla punctata, Itoplectis naranyae, Coccygomimus nipponicus, Coccygomimus aethiops, Phaeogenes sp., Atanyjoppa akonis, Triptognatus sp. We discuss the general biology, habitat preferences, and host association of the knowledge of three of these parasitoids, (Xanthopimpla flavolineata, Phaeogenes sp., and Goryphus basilaris). Including general biology, habitat preferences and host association were indicated and discussed. -
IVO MOES Unraveling the Genetics of Lifespan in Nasonia Using GWAS in an Inbred Line Panel
UNRAVELING THE GENETICS OF LIFESPAN IN NASONIA USING GENOME WIDE ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS IN AN INBRED LINE PANEL IVO MOES Unraveling the genetics of lifespan in Nasonia using GWAS in an inbred line panel MSc Thesis Report By Ivo V. Moes Registration number: 910306576010 Chair group: Laboratory of Genetics Course code: GEN-70424 Supervisor: Bart Pannebakker, Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen UR Examiner: Bas Zwaan, Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen UR Date: 4-9-2015 Wageningen UR Ivo Moes | Laboratory of Genetics | Wageningen UR 2015 Abstract An important part of our understanding of the genetics underlying lifespan and ageing is generated through research in model organisms. The parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis has been subject of research for decades. This model organism possesses many favorable characteristics, such as a short generation time and a haplodipolid sex determination system. This, and the increasing availability of next generation sequencing techniques, has made Nasonia re-emerge as a model organism in the field of genetics. In this study, a sequenced line panel of 34 inbred lines of Nasonia is used to identify genes associated with lifespan. A genome wide association study (GWAS) has been performed, which led to the selection of two candidate genes: beta-syntrophin 1 and neurogenic locus protein delta. In addition to the GWAS, a linkage analysis of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has been used to define haplotype blocks. These blocks have also been subjected to an association analysis, in order to support the GWAS results. Relative expression levels of the candidate genes have been measured with quantitative PCR, which showed a trend, but yielded no significant results. -
Nasonia Vitripennis Is a Deep Reddish-Brown
Biology 322 Fall 10 Wasp Genetics This experiment will explore the genetic principles of complementation. You will set up various crosses, and manage the life cycles of the model organism Nasonia vitripenni in order to address the following questions: Wild-type eye color in Nasonia vitripennis is a deep reddish-brown. You have isolated two new mutations that result in scarlet eyes, stM and st N. Is either mutant strain a new allele of the stDR gene, previously mapped to chromosome I? Or a mutation at another genetic locus that results in the same phenotype? Determine the set of crosses that would best address these questions. You will be required to show meaningful results in the F1 and F2 generations. Be sure to read about sex determination and life cycles in wasps (below) before you design your experiments. Phenotypes Wild-type eye color: dark reddish-brown Mutant eye color: scarlet (st) Strains that we will be working with: • stDR stDR is located on chromosome I • st M scarlet eyes • st N scarlet eyes • st + wildtype eyes Introduction to the wasp Nasonia vitripennis Nasonia vitripennis is a solitary wasp which parasitizes dipteran pupae. This species is easily reared in the laboratory on Sarcophaga pupae at temperatures ranging from 15oC to 30oC. The generation time is similar to that of Drosophila melanogaster: ~ 10 days at 28oC and one month at 18oC . Male and female pupae can be held at 4o (no meaningful development). Eclosed males can be held at 4o if they have been fed honey water for 24h. The adult female drills into the host puparium, feeds on host fluids and deposits her eggs. -
Nasonia Biology - Werren Lab, University of Rochester, Department of Biology
Nasonia Biology - Werren Lab, University of Rochester, Department of Biology Nasonia Biology Introduction Nasonia are excellent organisms for research and teaching. These parasitoid wasps have been the subject of genetic, eco- logical, evolutionary and developmental research for over 50 years. Two general features that make these insects such excel- lent study organisms are (a) ease of handling and rearing, and (b) interesting and diverse biology. Nasonia are readily reared on commercially available fly pupae (the hosts). Virgin females and males are easily collected in the pupal stage (there is a 3 day time window for virgin collection). Adults are "user friendly" and can be handled without the need for anaesthetization. Na- sonia has a short generation time (two weeks), but can be stored under refrigeration for periods of time, allowing for flexi- bility in experimental timing. A diapausing larval stage allows storage of strains for up to two years without maintenance. Both visible mutants and molecular markers are available for genetic mapping and instruction in genetics. The system is excellent for basic studies in genetics, ecol- ogy, behavior, development and evolution. Four closely related species of Nasonia are present. The species are interfertile, al- lowing movement of chromosomal regions (and phenotypes) between the species for genetic and molecular genetic analyses of species differences in behavior, development, morphology and physiology. Nasonia is an excellent candidate for compara- tive genomic studies, as well. A key feature of Nasonia is haplo- diploid sex determination; males are haploid and develop from unfertilized eggs and females are diploid and develop from fertil- ized eggs. This feature makes Nasonia a very useful organism for genetic research (advantages of this feature are described further below). -
Chalcid Forum Chalcid Forum
ChalcidChalcid ForumForum A Forum to Promote Communication Among Chalcid Workers Volume 23. February 2001 Edited by: Michael E. Schauff, E. E. Grissell, Tami Carlow, & Michael Gates Systematic Entomology Lab., USDA, c/o National Museum of Natural History Washington, D.C. 20560-0168 http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov (see Research and Documents) minutes as she paced up and down B. sarothroides stems Editor's Notes (both living and partially dead) antennating as she pro- gressed. Every 20-30 seconds, she would briefly pause to Welcome to the 23rd edition of Chalcid Forum. raise then lower her body, the chalcidoid analog of a push- This issue's masthead is Perissocentrus striatululus up. Upon approaching the branch tips, 1-2 resident males would approach and hover in the vicinity of the female. created by Natalia Florenskaya. This issue is also Unfortunately, no pre-copulatory or copulatory behaviors available on the Systematic Ent. Lab. web site at: were observed. Naturally, the female wound up leaving http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov. We also now have with me. available all the past issues of Chalcid Forum avail- The second behavior observed took place at Harshaw able as PDF documents. Check it out!! Creek, ~7 miles southeast of Patagonia in 1999. Jeremiah George (a lepidopterist, but don't hold that against him) and I pulled off in our favorite camping site near the Research News intersection of FR 139 and FR 58 and began sweeping. I knew that this area was productive for the large and Michael W. Gates brilliant green-blue O. tolteca, a parasitoid of Pheidole vasleti Wheeler (Formicidae) brood. -
The Genome Sequence of the Cereal Pest Sitophilus Oryzae: an Unprecedented Transposable Element Content
The genome sequence of the cereal pest Sitophilus oryzae: an unprecedented transposable element content PARISOT Nicolas1,$, VARGAS-CHAVEZ Carlos1,2,†,$, GOUBERT Clément3,4,‡,$, BAA-PUYOULET Patrice1, BALMAND Séverine1, BERANGER Louis1, BLANC Caroline1, BONNAMOUR Aymeric1, BOULESTEIX Matthieu3, BURLET Nelly3, CALEVRO Federica1, CALLAERTS PatricK5, CHANCY THéo1, CHARLES Hubert1,6, COLELLA Stefano1,§, DA SILVA BARBOSA André7, DELL’AGLIO Elisa1, DI GENOVA Alex3,6,8, FEBVAY Gérard1, GABALDON Toni9,10,11, GALVÃO FERRARINI Mariana1, GERBER Alexandra12, GILLET Benjamin13, HUBLEY Robert14, HUGHES Sandrine13, JACQUIN-JOLY Emmanuelle7, MAIRE Justin1,‖, MARCET-HOUBEN Marina9, MASSON Florent1,£, MESLIN Camille7, MONTAGNE Nicolas7, MOYA Andrés2,15, RIBEIRO DE VASCONCELOS Ana Tereza12, RICHARD Gautier16, ROSEN Jeb14, SAGOT Marie- France3,6, SMIT Arian F.A.14, STORER Jessica M.14, VINCENT-MONEGAT Carole1, VALLIER Agnès1, VIGNERON Aurélien1,#, ZAIDMAN-REMY Anna1, ZAMOUM Waël1, VIEIRA Cristina3,6,*, REBOLLO Rita1,*, LATORRE Amparo2,15,* and HEDDI Abdelaziz1,* 1 Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, INRAE, BF2I, UMR 203, 69621 Villeurbanne, France. 2 Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SySBio), Universitat de València and SpanisH ResearcH Council (CSIC), València, Spain. 3 Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR5558, Université Lyon 1, Université Lyon, Villeurbanne, France. 4 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 526 Campus Rd, Cornell University, ItHaca, New YorK 14853, USA. 5 KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium. 6 ERABLE European Team, INRIA, Rhône-Alpes, France. 7 INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Versailles, France. 8 Instituto de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, CHile. -
Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) in Estonia Ascertained with Trap-Nesting
Eur. J. Entomol. 112(1): 91–99, 2015 doi: 10.14411/eje.2015.012 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Host specificity of the tribe Chrysidini (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) in Estonia ascertained with trap-nesting MADLI PÄRN 1, VILLU SOON 1, 2, *, TUULI VALLISOO 1, KRISTIINA HOVI 1 and JAAN LUIG 2 1 Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu 51014, Estonia; e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Hymenoptera, Chrysididae, cuckoo wasps, parasite specialization, trap nest, Chrysis, host specificity Abstract. Cuckoo wasps (Chrysididae) are a medium-sized and widespread family of Hymenoptera whose species are generally para- sitoids or cleptoparasites of solitary wasps and bees. The identities of the hosts are known from various studies and occasional records; however the utility of such data is often low due to unstable taxonomy of the species and the inappropriate methods used to determine the host species. Therefore, despite numerous publications on the subject, the host-parasite relationships of cuckoo wasps are poorly understood. Moreover, a revision of existing literature reveals that cuckoo wasps are often unreasonably considered to be unspecialized (i.e., sharing host species). In this study we use an accurate method (trap-nests) to determine the host relationships of Estonian cuckoo wasps of the genera Chrysis and Trichrysis and determine their level of specialization. 568 trap nest bundles (each containing 15–20 single reed stems) were established at 361 locations across Estonia during the vegetation periods of 2009–2011.