Whakatu Wa Hine

Our history forms our future 1893 ------2018 Whakatu wahine: To tatou wa o mua, kia ora ai to tatou wa o muri A timeline of milestones for women

1893 Meri Te Tai Mangaka-hia becomes the first woman to 1943 Women trammies during WWII are the first working 1993 Women earn 80% of men’s hourly pay 1860 address the Kotahitanga Ma-ori Parliament, leading a women to be paid equally to men (until after the war) Human Rights Act passes outlawing discrimination delegation of women seeking the right to vote and 1860 Ma-ori women have enjoyed independent property rights on multiple grounds, including sex, marital status and stand for that body (successful in 1897) 1945 First women welfare officers are appointed in the for many years. Pa-keha- women are granted some rights sexual orientation Ma-ori Affairs Department to property and businesses if their husbands die or are Kate Sheppard and suffrage campaigners deliver their incapacitated. final petition with over 24,000 signatures to Parliament 1995 Georgina Beyer, the world’s first openly transgender 1947 Mabel Howard becomes first woman Cabinet Minister Mayor, is elected in Carterton The Electoral Act is passed, giving all New Zealand 1869 In Nelson, Mary Ann Müller writes ‘An Appeal to the women the right to vote Women’s first minimum wage is set at 47% of men’s Men of New Zealand’ under the pseudonym, ‘Femmina’, 1996 MMP is introduced and women hold 30% of lobbying for women’s suffrage 2/3 of all voting-age women in the country turn out 1949 Iriaka Ra-tana becomes first Ma-ori woman MP Parliamentary seats to vote in their first election Pansy Wong is first Asian woman elected to Parliament 1871 Mary Ann Colclough (aka “Polly Plum”) gives her first 1951 Ma-ori Women’s Welfare League is formed, gaining public lecture on the rights of women Elizabeth Yates elected first female Mayor (Onehunga) 3,000 members in its first year 1997 Jenny Shipley is New Zealand’s first woman First public high school for girls opens in Dunedin in the British Empire Prime Minister 1960 Government Service Equal Pay Act is passed New Zealand women are allowed to attend university The age of sexual consent for girls is raised from 12 to 14 - 1999 Helen Clark becomes New Zealand’s second woman 1966 Kuini Te Atairangikaahu becomes the first woman head - Prime Minister 1880 First school for deaf children opens 1896 First women graduate as doctors and stockbrokers of the Kingitanga Winnie Laban is first Pacific woman elected National Council of Women forms in Christchurch; 1877 Kate Edger is the first woman in New Zealand to gain a 1970 Christchurch women hotel workers achieve equal pay, to Parliament university degree 1897 First woman graduates with law degree a 83% pay rise Theresa Gattung is first CEO of a major New Zealand - - company (Telecom) 1884 Married Women’s Property Act allows Pakeha women to 1898 The Divorce Act passes, allowing women to seek a 1972 Equal Pay Act passes Sian Elias is first woman Chief Justice in New Zealand own money and property in their own right divorce on the same grounds as men 1973 Domestic Purposes Benefits are introduced for 1885 New Zealand branch of the Women’s Christian unsupported single parents Temperance Union (WCTU) is formed 1900 1978 First woman is elected to the Federation of Labour 2000 1886 First petitions for women’s suffrage begin to circulate national executive 2005 First woman is elected Speaker of the House of 1901 Emily Maud founds forerunner to today’s District Representatives – Margaret Wilson 1887 First free kindergartens open in Auckland Nursing Service 1981 Women can keep their jobs after leave spent looking after new children - 2011 Mojo Mathers becomes New Zealand’s first deaf MP 1888 Dunedin Tailoresses’ Union is the first women’s union 1908 Akenehi Hei becomes the first Ma-ori registered nurse 1984 Fran Wilde becomes first woman MP to be elected 1890s Heni Te Kiri Karamu (aka Heni Pore) sets up WCTU 1913 Housewives unions form in main cities party Whip 2017 Jacinda Ardern becomes New Zealand’s third woman branches and campaigns for the vote in Bay of Plenty Prime Minister Neroli Fairhall becomes the first disabled athlete to - - 1914 PSA conference demands equal pay and privileges for compete in the Olympics 1891 After colonisation, Wahine Maori life expectancy has female workers 2018 Celebrating 125 years of women’s suffrage been reduced to 23 years 1985 The Ministry of Women’s Affairs is established as a 1918 One in five women work outside the home, but some stand-alone policy agency Rt Hon Jacinda Ardern becomes first New Zealand 1892 Women shop assistants’ working week is restricted to must leave their jobs when men return from war Prime Minister to give birth while in office 58 hours 1987 Parental leave is extended to men and amount of leave 1919 Women’s Parliamentary Rights Bill passes and Rosetta is increased for women Kristine Bartlett is named New Zealander of the Year Baume, Aileen Cooke and Ellen Melville become first for her work to achieve pay equity for low-paid, mainly female care and support workers women to stand for Parliament 1990 Dame Cath Tizard becomes New Zealand’s first woman Governor-General 1930s The number of Ma-ori women in paid work drops by half during the Depression Employment Equity Act passes but is repealed three months later by a new government 1933 Elizabeth McCombs is elected first woman MP 1991 First Ma-ori trade union, Te Roopu Kaimihi Marriage before the age of 16 becomes illegal Maori, formed

1935 The forerunner to the NZ Family Planning Association is formed

Sources: Stats NZ; Ministry of Justice; NZHistory website; Te Ara The Encyclopedia of New Zealand; Working Women’s Resource Centre; Ministry of Education; CEDAW report, June 2016; Ministry for Women September 2018 Our history forms our future 1893 ------2018 Whakatu wahine: To tatou wa o mua, kia ora ai to tatou wa o muri Then Now What’s in our future?

47% (340,000) of New Zealanders are women 50% (2.400,000) of New Zealanders 65.5% of working-age women are in paid work What will the diversity of New Zealand leaders are women look like? Median hourly earnings for: – women’s life expectancy 57 years 74% are European Pa-keha- women – $24.80 How many of us will participate in our (55 years for men) - democratic process? 15% are Maori Ma-ori women – $21.00 12% are Asian 22.5 – average age at birth of first child Pacific women – $20.14 What will education and career pathways look like 7% are Pacific Asian women – $22.10 for women? 5 – fertility rate for New Zealand women Will ALL women feel they can contribute and benefit 83 years – women’s life expectancy overall 30% of employed New Zealand women are mothers in our society? 77 years – Ma-ori women’s life expectancy 85% of registered women vote in their The national gender pay gap for all women is 9.2% What will our population diversity look like? first election 79 years – Pacific women’s life expectancy How will we measure contributions (paid and unpaid) Ma-ori women’s gender pay gap is 20% There are 0 women MPs 1/7 of the population is over 65 years old to our communities? Women mainly work in education, retail, Will parents/caregivers share childcare – average age at birth of first child responsibilities equally? 26% of working-age women are in paid work 28.8 science/professional industries, and health care Will fewer people have children? There is no reliable data on women’s annual 2 – fertility rate for New Zealand women 63% of New Zealand women are employed salaries or gender pay gap Will advances in technology mean we work 64% of Pa-keha- women are employed Women mainly work in education, domestic - fewer hours? 2.5 – fertility rate for Maori women 59% of Ma-ori women are employed work and retail Will Ma-ori and Pacific womenshare the same 54% of Pacific women are employed opportunities as Pa-keha- women? 40% of MPs are women 1/4 of undergraduate students are women How will we increase women’s economic and Women are more likely to vote than men: 1/3 of women work part-time political power? 83% to 76% When will the gender pay gap be closed? Women hold 45.7% of appointed roles on state sector boards and committees 64% of university degrees are earned by women

Infant mortality is Weekly washing as high as 12% requires an entire day 20% of directors of listed Most households of hard physical labour Infant mortality is 0.4% overall New Zealand companies have fully automatic - are women Women do 70% of Maori infant mortality is 0.46% washing machines childcare in the home 24 % (545,000) of What will life women identify be like for 1/4 of New Zealand with having a people with women experience disability Can we expect disabilities? partner violence women to be equally represented in What gender Ma-ori women and all occupations? attitudes will disabled women our children are more than have? twice as likely as Can women - - Pakeha women to look forward to experience partner a violence-free violence future?