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Research Paper on PSNP and HABP SMUC-IGNOU Master of Arts in Rural Development GRADUATE PROGRAM The Significance of Linkage of Productive Safety net and Household Asset Building Programmes towards Household Food Security Achievement: A case study of Enebse Sar Midir Woreda, East Gojam Zone M.Sc. Thesis Submitted to Indira Gandhi National Open University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for Masters degree in Rural Development By: Abraham Teklie Faculty: SMUC-IGNOU Program: Master of Arts in Rural Development Department: Rural Development January, 2013 Addis Ababa i I hereby declare that the Dissertation entitled: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LINKAGE OF PRODUCTIVE SAFETY NET PROGRAMME AND HOUSEHOLD ASSET BUILDING PROGRAMME TOWARDS HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY ACHIEVEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF ENEBSE SAR MIDIR WOREDA, EAST GOJJAM ZONE submitted by me for the partial fulfillment of the M.A in Rural Development to Indira Gandhi National Open University, (IGNOU), New Delhi is my own original work and has not been submitted earlier either to IGNOU or to any other institution for the fulfillment of the requirement for any course of study. I also declare that no chapter of this manuscript in whole or in part is lifted and incorporated in this report from any earlier work done by me or others. Place: Addis Ababa/Ethiopia/ Signature: _____________ Date: 31/01/13 Enrolment No.: 089132932 Name: Abraham Teklie Address: P.O.BOX 1120 Dessie/Ethiopia/ Email: [email protected] ii This is to certify that Mr. Abraham Teklie, student of M.A. (RD) from Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi was working under my supervision and guidance for his Project Work for the Course of MRDP-001. His Project Work entitled: The significance Linkage of Productive Safety net programme and Household Asset Building Programme towards Household Food Security Achievements: A case study of Enebse Sar Midir Woreda which he is submitting, is his genuine and original work. Place: Addis Ababa/Ethiopia/ Signature: ______________ Date: 31/01/13 Name: Mengistu Hulluka (Dr.) Address of the Supervisor:- St. Mary University Collage P.O. Box 1211 Addis Ababa/Ethiopia/ iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Several individuals and government organizations deserve acknowledgement for their contributions to the study. First and foremost my great appreciation and thanks goes to my major advisor, Dr. Mengistu Hulluka for his professional advice and encouragement from proposal writing until the completion of this thesis work. My heart-felt thanks and deepest gratitude also go to my friends Taffese Kassa and Koyachew Muluye for their valuable comments and professional advice throughout the course of the thesis work. They devoted their precious time and energy to comment on the research proposal from title selection up to its endorsement and for their provision of relevant materials. My special gratitude goes to all my staff members specially Wuditu Assefa and Tsegaye Kassa underlined for their friendly advice and encouragement to join as well as continue the MS.c. Programme. Without their encouragement and support, I would not have had the courage to work for my MS.c. Degree. It is great pleasure to extend my appreciation to E/S/Midir Woreda office of Agriculture for providing me all relevant secondary data and all supports, during the process of data collection. Moreover, I would like to thank woreda food security coordination process staff members for their friendly and dedicated cooperation during the selection of appropriate research study sites and assigning well experienced enumerators among the staff members on the process of data collection. I am indebted to thank the enumerators for accomplishing the tedious data collection work in time. I am deeply grateful to all people who have assisted me through all stages of the study. Finally, I praised God for providing me strength, courage, and healthy to finalize my study. iv Table of Contents Page DECLARATION………………………………………………………………………........ii CERTIFICATE……………………………………………………………………….…….iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT………………………………………………………………........iv TABLE of CONTENT…………………………………………………………………........v LIST of TABLES………………………………………………………………………..…vii LIST of FUGURES………………………………………………...……………….…….viii LIST of ANNEX…................................................................................................................ix ACRONOMY……………………………………………….………………………………x ABSTRACT………………………………………………….……………………….........xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION…………..........…….……………....…………....…1 1.1. Background…………...………………………………….……...…………..…..…...…1 1.2. Statement of the Problem……..…………………………….……….…………….……6 1.3. Objective of the Study……………………………………………….…………….......12 1.3.1. General Objective of the study……………………………….………………...12 1.3.2. Specific Objective of the Study…………………….…………..…….……..….12 1.4. Scope and limitation of the study…………………………………….……………......12 1.5. Organization of the Thesis…………………………………………….…….…….......13 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW…………….…….…...…..….……...15 2.1. Definition of Key Concepts……………………………..…………….………………15 2.2. The Food Security Situation Perspective………………..……..…………….…..……15 2.3. Food Security Strategy……………………………………………………….…......21 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES AND DATA ANALYSIS…….24 3.1. Description of Research Area…………………………………………..……………..24 3.1.1. Location, Topography, Area and others…..........................................................24 3.2. General Approach…………………………….......………….………...……...........…28 3.3. Methods of Data Collection………………………………….……...….……...……...28 3.4. Methods of Data Analysis…………………………………………..………................29 3.4.1. Quantitative and Qualitative Data Analysis……………………….........….....…29 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION…………………......….........30 4.1. Demographic & Socio-economic characteristics of the sampled households...............30 4.1.1. Sex and Age Composition………………………….…………..……....….........30 4.1.2. Household Size and Marital Status…………………………………....…....…..31 4.1.3. Education Level, Labour Capacity and Occupation of Household….…...…......32 4.2. Access to the Nearest Road and Urban Center………………………….…..…....…...33 4.3. Vulnerability and Incidence of Shocks………………………….………….....………35 v 4.3.1. Causes of poverty, Incidence of Shocks and Hazards………….…………....….35 4.3.2. Disaster Months and Types of Losses…..............................................................36 4.3.3. Copping Strategies................................................................................................37 4.4. Livelihood Resources and Economic Activities…………..…...……….….....……….40 4.4.1. Livelihood Resources……………………….……….……..…...…....….……...40 4.4.2. Economic Activities………………………………….……………….…….…..48 4.4.3. Other Livelihood Activities………………………….……..…………….....…..54 4.5. PSNP Implementation and Its Impacts………..………….…………..…..........…......55 4.5.1. Targeting Mechanism………………………..………..………...……….....…..55 4.5.2. Appeal or Grievance Channels……………………………….……..…….........59 4.6. Resources Transfer…………....………………………….………………..........…….60 4.6.1. Resources Preference of Beneficiaries…………………………….……..…….60 4.6.2. Knowledge of Correct Ration Size entitlement…………….....….………...….61 4.6.3. Frequency and Levels of Payments Relative to Entitlements…….………..….64 4.7. Participation in Development Activities………….………………………….........….66 4.7.1. PWs Participation……………………………………………..……...........…...66 4.7.2. Number of Months Worked by Public Work Participants…………………..…66 4.7.3. Assets Created in PWs……………….………………………………….……..68 4.8. Impacts of Productive Safety Net Program and HABP towards to HHs Food Security……….69 4.8.1.Basic Features of Impact Assessments and Reviews………………....................69 4.8.2. Overall Benefits and Impacts of PSNP and HABP towards to HHs Food Security….….69 4.8.3. Well-being as Impact indicator of PSNP and HABP…………………………...72 4.8.4. Overall Outcome and Impact of PSNP on Beneficiary Households……........…72 4.8.5. Overall benefits and changes…………………………………………................74 4.9. Graduation……………………………..…………………………….….…............….75 4.9.1. Graduation Benchmarks…...................................................................................80 4.9.2. Principles of Benchmarks …………………………….…………......……….…82 4.10. Challenges and Constraints for PSNP and HABP Implementation…......…..............83 4.11. Challenges related to PSNP and HABP beneficiaries Graduation…..........…............85 . CHAPTER FIVE: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION…………..…….......................87 5.1. Conclusion…..................................................................................................................87 5.2. Recommendation……….……………………………………………....………......….89 REFFERENCE...................................................................................................................93 ANNEXES……………………..…………………………………………...…...........…..97 APPENDEX…..................................................................................................................101 vi LIST of TABLES Table: 1 Demographic Characteristic of Households within 3 Kebelles ……….………...…31 Table: 2 Demographic and Socio-Economic Characteristics of Households………….….....33 Table: 3 Access to Community Services of Households…………………………..…….….…34 Table: 4 Type of hazard, Disaster Months and Impacts……………………………….……..37 Table: 5 Respondents view on main Coping Strategies of HHs against drought ...................39 Table: 6 Land Ownership and Use of Agriculture Inputs…....................................................42 Table: 7 Use of Agriculture Inputs and Access to Credit and Extension Service............…..43
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