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Review Article z Available online at http://www.journalcra.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 9, Issue, 08, pp.56292-56296, August, 2017 ISSN: 0975-833X REVIEW ARTICLE A REVIEW OF DIABETES MALLITUS (Prameha) *Dandge Pradnya, Bhalmey Bhawana and Daulatkar Kavita Sanskrit Samhita Siddhant Vibhag, Bhausaheb Mulak Ayu Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Introduction: Developing country most probably face the problem of lifestyle disorder disease in this Received 24th May, 2017 situation India is second rank in diabetes Mellitus. Than review of Diabetes Mellitus to understand Received in revised form this disease in present study. 14th June, 2017 Materials and Methods: References have been collected and relevant matter is compiled from Accepted 09th July, 2017 available literature. Available commentaries of present era are also reviewed. All Compiled matter is Published online 31st August, 2017 reorganized and critically analyzed for the discussion and attempt has been made to draw some fruitful conclusion. Key words: Result and Discussion: In the present study Diabetes Mellitus is rapidly growing disease and a review on this disease to understand the causes, classification, Management this are understanding Diabetes Mellitus, Insuline, than help to prevent the disease. Copyright©2017, Dandge Pradnya et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Dandge Pradnya, Bhalmey Bhawana and Daulatkar Kavita, 2017. “A review of diabetes Mallitus (Prameha)”, International Journal of Current Research, 9, (08), 56292-56296. INTRODUCTION prevalence of diabetes and its complications. The studies that have been undertaken are also prone to potential error as the Diabetes is fast gaining the status of a potential epidemic in heterogeneity of the Indian population with respect to culture, India with more than 62 million diabetic individuals currently ethnicity, and socio- economic conditions; mean that the diagnosed with the DISEASE (Joshi and Parikh, 2007; Kumar extrapolation of regional results may give inaccurate estimates et al., 2013) In 2000, India (31.7 million) topped the world for the whole country. According to the Lancet study, China, with the highest number of people with diabetes mellitus India and USA are among the top three countries with a high followed by China (20.8 million) with the United States (17.7 number of diabetic populations. (Source: Think stock Images) th million) in second and third place respectively. According to Keeping it as a view a permanent Logo was designed that 14 Wild et al. (2004) the prevalence of diabetes is predicted to November is the world Diabetes day. The actual aim was to double globally from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in raise public awareness, to highlight the extent of its epidemic 2030 with a maximum increase in India. It is predicted that by cause - symptoms treatment – complication & prevention. It 2030 diabetes mellitus may afflict up to 79.4 million was designated by UN in 1991 as it coincides with the birth individuals in India, while China (42.3 million) and the United anniversary of Frederick Banting who along with Charles Best States (30.3 million) will also see significant increases in those was responsible for the discovery of Insulin in Oct. 1921. affected by the disease. (Wild et al., 2004; Whiting et al., 2011) With a little of thinking one can ask that why it kept on 14th India currently faces an uncertain future in relation to the Nov. The children’s day. Perhaps it is to keep the society potential burden that diabetes may impose upon the country. disease (DM) free, by maintaining the health of mother and Many influences affect the prevalence of disease throughout a child, by eradicating I in childhood than next generation is country, and identification of those factors is necessary to healthy. In this review articles we have focus in the major facilitate change when facing health challenges. So what is the burden in India in face of Diabetes mellitus. factors currently affecting diabetes in India that are making this problem so extreme? The aetiology of diabetes in India is Aims multifactorial and includes genetic factors coupled with A review of Diabetes Mellitus in literature environmental influences such as obesity associated with rising living standards, steady urban migration, and lifestyle changes. Objectives Yet despite the incidence of diabetes within India, there are no nationwide and few multi-centric studies conducted on the The objectives of this research project *Corresponding author: Dandge Pradnya, 1) To study Diabetes mellitus in available literature Sanskrit Samhita Siddhant Vibhag, Bhausaheb Mulak Ayu Mahavidyalaya, 2) To study Diabetes Mellitus their symptoms, Nagpur classification and preventation 56293 Dandge Pradnya et al. A review of diabetes Mallitus (Prameha) MATERIALS AND METHODS at any stage of the disease, whereas those related to chronic complications begin to appear during the second decade of References have been collected and relevant matter is hyperglycemia. Individuals with previously undetected type 2 compiled from available literature. Available commentaries of DM may present with chronic complications of DM at the time present era are also reviewed. All Compiled matter is of diagnosis. The history and physical examination should reorganized and critically analyzed for the discussion and assess for symptoms or signs of acute hyperglycemia and attempt has been made to draw some fruitful conclusion. should screen for the chronic complications and conditions associated with DM. History A complete medical history OBSERVATIONS AND DISCUSSION should be obtained with special emphasis on DM-relevant aspects such as weight, family history of DM and its complications, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, prior Diabetes Mellitus means medical conditions, exercise, smoking, and ethanol use. Symptoms of hyperglycemia include polyuria, polydipsia, The word Diabetes is originated from the French word named weight loss, fatigue, weakness, blurry vision, frequent “Jiyabatis” which means punctured pitcher or a pitcher with a superficial infections (vaginitis, fungal skin infections), and leak, so that the water sprinkles out of it. (The Diabetes – slow healing of skin lesions after minor trauma. Metabolic Purshuram Shastry) The word diabetes is derived from the derangements relate mostly to hyperglycemia (osmotic diobos a fountain meaning similar to that of the fountain. The diuresis, reduced glucose entry into muscle) and to the term Diabetes mellitus contains two words i.e. ‘Diabetes’ and catabolic state of the patient (urinary loss of glucose and ‘Mellitus’. In Greek language the ‘Diabetes’ means ‘to run calories, muscle breakdown due to protein degradation and through a siphon’ and the term ‘Mellitus’ means honey. decreased protein synthesis). Blurred vision results from changes in the water content of the lens and resolves as the Defination hyperglycemia is controlled. In a patient with established DM, the initial assessment should also include special emphasis on a variable disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by a prior diabetes care, including the type of therapy, prior HbA1c combination of hereditary and environmental factors and levels, self-monitoring blood glucose results, frequency of usually characterized by inadequate secretion or utilization of hypoglycemia, presence of DM-specific complications, and insulin, by excessive urine production, by excessive amounts assessment of the patient's knowledge about diabetes. The of sugar in the blood and urine, and by thirst, hunger, and loss chronic complications may afflict several organ systems, and of weight — compare type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes. https:// an individual patient may exhibit some, all, or none of the www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diabetes%20mellitus. symptoms related to the complications of DM (see above). In Diabetes mellitus is one of the world's major diseases. It addition, the presence of DM-related comorbidities should be currently affects an estimated 143 million people worldwide sought (cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia). and the number is growing rapidly. In India, about 5 per cent population suffers from diabetes. Medical health experts assert Type I Diabetes Mellitus : It usually begins before age 40 that regular check-ups and timely detection plays a vital role in years. This type of Diabetes is characterized by a rapid onset, controlling and managing the problem. Ironically, due to with symptoms such as Polydypsia, Polyuria, Polyphagia, loss patient resistance and feeling of disbelief that 'I can have of weight and strength. In the fulminating case, the most diabetes too', most patients tend to defer on detection and striking features are those of salt and water depletion i.e. loose treatment that often leads to complications. Practitioners feel dry skin, furred tongue, cracked lips, tachycardia, hypotension that patient adherence to medication and lifestyle and reduced intraocular pressure. Breathing may be deep and modifications play an important role in diabetes management sighing due to acidosis, the breath is usually fetid and the and this can help them lead a normal life. Un-monitored sickly sweet smell of acetone may be apparent. Once the prevalence of diabetes also results
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